EP1030533B1 - Optische Raumkoppelfelder mit Mehrtor-Kopplern - Google Patents

Optische Raumkoppelfelder mit Mehrtor-Kopplern Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1030533B1
EP1030533B1 EP00301037A EP00301037A EP1030533B1 EP 1030533 B1 EP1030533 B1 EP 1030533B1 EP 00301037 A EP00301037 A EP 00301037A EP 00301037 A EP00301037 A EP 00301037A EP 1030533 B1 EP1030533 B1 EP 1030533B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
optical
switches
elements
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00301037A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1030533A1 (de
Inventor
Christi Kay Madsen
Julian Bernard Soole Soole
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia of America Corp
Original Assignee
Lucent Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lucent Technologies Inc filed Critical Lucent Technologies Inc
Publication of EP1030533A1 publication Critical patent/EP1030533A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1030533B1 publication Critical patent/EP1030533B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching

Definitions

  • This invention relates to optical switches for fiber-optic communications systems and, in particular, to an optical space switch wherein all possible combinations of output routing of the input signals can be effected by an appropriate setting of the switch.
  • Space-division switches are central to telecommunications networks.
  • a combination of space-division switches and time-division switches, for example, provide the kernel to the AT&T ESSTM electronic switches used in the North American Telecommunications network.
  • a space-switch of large order i.e. one with a large number of inputs
  • the high-order switch rapidly comes to comprise a very large number of switch elements.
  • the number of crossings of the signal paths increases. Both these effects hinder the practical realization of the switch which become increasingly more difficult as the switch order increases.
  • the switch fabric is advantageously composed of individual switch modules that are then inter-connected to provide the overall switching. This alleviates the severe packaging challenge that would occur if the entire switch fabric were realized as a single module, with the attendant necessarily lower chip yield and the increased complexity and restrictions of the required module electrical and thermal management.
  • the switch modules themselves generally comprise a number of switch elements built up into a higher-order switch fabric and may also contain several such independent higher-order switches.
  • the art of a good overall switch design lies to a large extent in determining the optimum trade off between a complexity of the switch fabric that occurs within an individual switch module and the complexity of the interconnection that occurs between the switch modules.
  • Increasing the complexity of the switch fabric within a module and on a single waveguide substrate increases the complexity of the attendant electrical and thermal management and reduces the anticipated wafer yield.
  • This 16x16 switch fabric comprises 448 of the basic 2x2 switch elements realized in 39 switch modules of a three-stage network; 16 modules each containing two 1x8 switches (comprising seven 2x2 switch elements) provide the first column of the network, 7 modules each providing a 16x16 switch functionality (comprising thirty two 2x2 switch elements in a 4-column Banyan architecture) compose the center column, and a final 16 modules each containing two 1x8 switches form the third column.
  • EVS Extended Generalized Shuffle
  • the fiber network interconnecting these 39 modules is relatively simple to provide, being 112 connections between the first and second stage of the network and another 112 connections between the second and third stages, all arranged in a simple geometric fashion.
  • the waveguide switch fabrics of the 7 center switch modules each contain 44 waveguide cross-overs, and the waveguide switch fabrics of the modules in the first and third network columns contain no waveguide cross-overs at all.
  • the 16x16 EGS switch fabric has thus been partitioned into a modest number of switch modules so as to gain the advantage of integrating many switch elements onto the same waveguide substrate while the waveguide interconnection complexity and potential consequent performance degradation has been limited by using fiber to interconnect between the switch modules.
  • the 16x16 space switches described above were built up of individual 2x2 switch elements. It is evident that if a basic switch element of a higher order were available, fewer of such elements would be required to form the overall switch. In the case of Goh [Ref. 8], for example, the 16x16 switch matrix array uses 256 2x2 switch units (each comprising two 2x2 Mach-Zehnder interferometers, doubled-up in order to obtain a high extinction ratio on switching) but would only comprise 64 switch elements if the basic switch element were a 4x4 switch. In the case of Murphy [Ref.
  • MMI multi-mode interference
  • Ref. 9 A form of multi-port waveguide device, known as the multi-mode interference (MMI) coupler, first noted in 1975 [Ref. 9], has over the past few years received considerable attention arising from its properties of self-imaging [Refs. 10, 11, 12]. This is the property whereby an optical field presented to the input of the multi-moded section gets re-imaged further along the multi-moded waveguide at well defined optical path-lengths from the input plane. These self-images may be single or multiple depending on the placement of the input field in the waveguide cross-section and the optical path length to the image plane.
  • the input field is restricted and is typically provided by a single moded input waveguide.
  • NxN MMI coupler there are N positions where the input guide may be placed which would give rise to N outputs.
  • N output signals differ only in their relative phase.
  • a complete description of MMI NxN couplers, including the phase relations of the outputs is given by Bachmann [Ref. 12].
  • a 1xN coupler which has presented to its N output ports optical fields that are of the same relative intensity and certain relative phases will, upon presentation at these outputs of the same signals in, combine these fields so as to provide a single emergent field corresponding to the single input field of the inverse operation.
  • Changing the relative phases of these input signals to those corresponding to those from a different input position of the inverse operation causes the output to be switched to that latter port. In this manner, a switching action may be effected.
  • MMI-based couplers are particularly suitable for use in integrated power splitters and switch elements because, although they rely on interference effects to perform the self-imaging which routes the signals to the different output ports, it has been shown that this imaging operation is only very weakly polarization sensitive and displays a high tolerance to variations in the device dimensions and composition that are typical in fabrication processes. They also operate over a wide optical band [Ref. 13].
  • a 'strictly non-blocking' switch is one in which any idle input can always be connected to any idle output regardless of the arrangement of the connection already existing within the switch fabric. Lesser degrees of connectivity are described as 'wide-sense non-blocking', in which any idle input can be connected to any idle output provided that all the connections are set up according to a particular algorithm, and rearrangeably non-blocking', in which idle inputs may be connected to idle outputs provided existing connections may be rearranged.
  • a strictly non-blocking switch architecture thus provides maximum flexibility for connecting input lines to output lines and is generally the most desirable type of switch. Although it is possible to form strictly non-blocking networks from component switch modules that are themselves not strictly non-blocking, strictly non-blocking networks may also be constructed using switch modules that are not themselves strictly non-blocking.
  • EP-A-0 933 963 is directed to a variable-ratio optical splitter for dividing a beam of light launched into a plurality of sub-beams that each have a predetermined intensity. (Abstract).
  • a N ⁇ N non-blocking optical switch is illustrated. The switch requires a phase shifter on each common optically coupled output/input that is between adjacent optical switches.
  • a switch according to the invention is as set out in claim 1. Preferred forms are set out in the dependent claims.
  • the present invention provides NxN non-blocking switch modules using MMI-based switch elements.
  • the arrangement requires a minimum of control elements to effect switching and uses no crossings of the signal waveguides.
  • the switch control settings may be determined by following a simple and transparent algorithm for the set-up procedure.
  • Very high-order switch fabrics comprising a variety of the taught non-blocking NxN switch modules are envisaged. Determination of the appropriate values for 'N' is a practical consideration which trades-off the performance of the individual switch modules with the complexity required of the associated module interconnection fabric.
  • the spatial switch fabrics that may by built from the non-blocking MMI-based switch arrangements may be combined with both wavelength-division switches and time-division switches to form any combination of higher order space-wavelength-time switch.
  • Part I describes the nature and operation of N X N multimode interference couplers (MMI couplers) which are used as components in the inventive optical switches.
  • Part II describes conventional optical switches which can be used as components in the inventive optical switches, and
  • Part III describes optical switches in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows the MMI-coupler of Fig. 2 operated in reverse; when equal-power signals are applied to the three inputs in the same phase relationship (but opposite sign) as those shown in Figure 2, a single output is obtained from the uppermost output, 1.
  • Fig. 5(A) shows a conventional switch 50 formed by connecting two MMI-based couplers 10A and 10B connected in series with connecting links 51 including phase control elements 52 (designated F1, F2, ... , FN).
  • phase control elements 52 designated F1, F2, ... , FN.
  • one phase control element e.g. F1
  • N-1 phase control elements are required.
  • an input presented to any of the N input ports of the I.h.s. MMI coupler can be switched to any of the N outputs on the r.h.s. of the r.h.s. MMI coupler. This is illustrated in the lower diagram of the Fig. 5(b).
  • phase control elements Different physical realization of the phase control elements are possible and may depend on the material system employed for the waveguide structures For semiconductor-based waveguides, electro-optic or carrier effects may be employed: for Lithium Niobate guides, electro-optic induced phase changes may be used and for doped silica guides, the thermo-optic effect may be used to effect the required phase changes. To maintain polarization insensitivity, the phase control elements should be polarization independent.
  • the switch illustrated in figure 5 may route a single input presented to the I.h.s. MMI coupler to any of the outputs of the r.h.s. MMI-coupler. With each such setting of the intermediate control elements 52, signals presented to the other inputs of the l.h s. MMI coupler are routed to the other r h.s. MMI-coupler outputs.
  • each of the switch states is provided by three independent combinations of the phase control elements.
  • the different components of each signal passing through the cascaded lattice by different routes must arrive at the designated output in phase with each other.
  • each MMI coupler provides its outputs with signals of relative phases in multiples of ⁇ /N, and the output ports at the end of the MMI coupler lattice must be provided with signal components that are in phase, modulo 2 ⁇ , it follows that the phase control elements must provide phase corrections that are multiples of ⁇ /N.
  • a total of 2N(N-1) 2 potential phase control settings is possible.
  • the concatenated NxN MMI coupler switches can provide full NxN switching functionality, the algorithmic complexity of determining the control element settings required to effect any particular switch configuration, along with the complex interactions that occur between the phase control elements of one switching stage and the phase control elements of the other stages which inhibits an efficient and effective means of determining the phase control element settings in practical devices, means that a simpler NxN switching configuration is desirable.
  • Fig. 9 schematically illustrates a simplified NxN non-blocking optical routing switch 90 in accordance with the invention comprising a sequence of connected optical switches 91 (2x2), 91 (3x3), ..., 91 (NxN) forming a sequential series of switches of unitary increasing switch dimension.
  • non-blocking it is meant that all possible combinations of output routing of the input signals can be effected by an appropriate setting of the switch.
  • One or more, and preferably all of the switches 91 are switches as shown in Figs,. 5(a) or 5(b), comprising a pair of multiport self-imaging multimode interference couplers interconnected by a plurality of optical pathways including a respective plurality of phase controlling elements (as shown in Figs.
  • the first switch 91 (2x2) is a 2x2 switch, the second is a (3x3) switch.
  • the dimensions of the switches increment unitarily until the last switch is NxN.
  • N is typically ⁇ 4 and advantageously ⁇ 8.
  • Fig. 11 (A) illustrates in greater detail a fully configurable 3x3 switch comprising a cascade of a 2x2 and a 3x3 switching element
  • Fig. 11(B) shows a fully configurable 4x4 switch comprising a cascade of a 2x2, 3x3, and 4x4 element, according to the above description.
  • a NxN non-blocking switch may be realized by cascading N-1 switching elements of the type illustrated in Figure 5, where the switching elements increases from a 2x2 to a (N-1)x(N-1), as illustrated in Figure 9.
  • phase control elements required by this incrementing cascade switch architecture arrangement is seen to be N(N-1)/2.
  • N-1 elements are used in each NxN stage (recognizing the fact that only relative phases are important and that one connecting link therefore does not have to bear a control element)
  • a 16x16 switch just 120 control elements are required.
  • This number is significantly less than the (N-1) 2 , or 225 control required for the lattice switch arrangement illustrated in Figure 7, and the N 2 , or 256, required for a matrix switch such as that of Goh [Ref 8].
  • the switching table for the 3x3 non-blocking switch shown in Figure 11 is given in Figure 12. It is an expansion of the table provided in Figure 10 and shows explicitly the phase settings of the control element in the 2x2 switching stage that effects the reversal of inputs 2 and 3 to the 3x3 switching stage element illustrated in the arrangement of Figure 11. It is seen from Figure 12 that symmetry considerations limit the number of combined states employed by the phase control elements These are the same symmetry considerations that determine the acceptable states of the individual phase elements in the cascade. In the case illustrated, there are 3 distinct states employed by the phase control elements of the 3x3 element and 2 states employed by the 2x2 element, for a total of 3! switch states.
  • the electrical control circuitry may set the combination of phase controllers according to the switch state that has been selected, rather than set the phase settings of each individual phase controller element separately.
  • this corresponds to 3 control settings for the 3x3 stage and 2 settings for the 2x2 stage.
  • a total of just 2x3, or 6, six control settings are thus required, corresponding to the six routing settings of the overall 3x3 switch.
  • phase control elements of the switch fabric are not fabricated with sufficient accuracy to provide a-priori knowledge of their operational characteristics; their performance must be determined after formation, inferred from the behavior of the overall switch module.
  • the interaction between the control elements of each stage is complex and the individual characteristic of any given control element has to be extracted in an exacting and non-transparent manner from the overall performance of the complete switch fabric.
  • the performance of the individual switch elements of the arrangement of Figure 9 may be examined independent of each other by examining the routing behavior of the signal applied to the single uppermost input port; each individual switch element is available to simple external examination and the control elements of the entire NxN switch may be set up according to a simple algorithm.
  • a simple set-up procedure begins with a signal applied to input 1 with no inputs applied to the inputs 2 through N.
  • the control elements of the last, NxN, switch element are then configured so that this input signal can be routed to each of its N output ports.
  • the N-1 individual control elements of this NxN MMI-based switch element in the N-1'th stage of the switch may be tuned in to their optimum values.
  • the input signal on input line 1 may be removed and replaced by a signal on input line 2. This signal passes directly to the (N-1)x(N-1) switch element and then through the final NxN switch element.
  • control elements on the (N-1)x(N-1) switch may now be optimized by running through the routing states of that switch.
  • the control elements of this (N-1)x(N-1) switching stage are optimized, the control elements of the (N-2)x(N-2) switch may be optimized. And so on, until the solatory control element of the 2x2 switch is optimized. In this way, all the N(N-1)/2 control elements of the fully non-blocking NxN switch may be readily optimized.
  • Waveguide crossings always cause a certain amount of the transmitted signal power to be lost and also introduces some cross-talk as some light from one path leaks into the other. They also require significant device area as large-radius waveguide bends are required in order to route without incurring bend-related power losses. Waveguide crossings in switch elements should thus be keep to a minimum whenever practicable.
  • the taught implementation of a non-blocking NxN routing switch in contrast to traditional NxN switching elements, has no waveguide crossings at all, and is thus highly advantageous.
  • multimode interference regions of adjacent switches may be cojoined without the intermediate use of a connecting optical waveguide path. This makes for a more compact device structure and may offer the advantage of reduced optical insertion loss.
  • This arrangement, illustrated for a 3x3 switch, is shown in Figure 13.
  • the cojoined slab region 130 substitutes for the 10B coupler of the 2x2 switch and the 10A coupler of the 3x3 switch.
  • Such absorber or dispersive structures may be provided by suitable deposited or grown materials or by the introduction of reflection facets formed by a suitable fabrication process such as etching. Such structures would be placed so as to be optically distant from the interconnecting optical pathways but disposed so as to substantially block entry of stray light into area of the subsequent multimode coupler regions.
  • a possible arrangement is illustrated in figure 14, with the absorbing structures 140 advantageously disposed between successive cascaded switches 91.
  • planar waveguide material system may be employed: Silica planar waveguides [Ref. 1], Ion-exchanged glass and dielectric waveguides [Ref. 2], or semiconductor-based waveguides [Ref. 3]
  • the means of providing the phase control on the elements connecting the multi-port couplers may be various and will depend on the waveguide material system employed.
  • optical phase control may be effected by means of a voltage-induced movement of the semiconductor band-edge or by carrier injection (or depletion) within a section of the connecting waveguide.
  • an applied voltage may be used to induce a refractive index change in the waveguide phase-control section.
  • thermo-optic heating may be employed, in which the waveguide phase control section is heated and an optical phase change results from the consequent change in the waveguide refractive index. It is understood that this invention is not restricted to any specific planar waveguide material system, nor to any particular means of providing the phase control in the waveguide sections connecting the multi-post couplers.
  • the invention although described with respect to its planar implementation, includes those realizations in three-dimensional systems such as may be provided by multi-layer planar waveguide devices or by fused fiber devices or bulk optical devices.
  • the invention includes all 'higher order' spatial switch architectures formed through the inter-connection, according to normal practice, of the basic switch elements described here.
  • the transmission function of the switch may be made wavelength sensitive.
  • This provides a wavelength selective element and forms a wavelength division multiplexer, as have been reported [Refs. 18, 19, 20, 21].
  • a switching fabric incorporating such elements may be constructed to provide both wavelength-division and space-division switching functions.
  • the switch architectures described may form part of higher order spatial switches and switches that may include in their realization components that provide switching also in time domain and in the wavelength domain.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Use Of Switch Circuits For Exchanges And Methods Of Control Of Multiplex Exchanges (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Blockierungsfreies optisches N x N-Leitwegkoppelfeld mit einer Reihe von N-1 verbundenen optischen k x k-Koppelfeldern (91) mit unitär zunehmender Koppelfelddimension k, wobei k eine Ganzzahl kleiner gleich N ist und größer gleich 2 ist, wobei jedes der vorbundenen k x k-Koppelfelder ein Paar selbstabbildender Mehrtor-Mehrmoden-Interferenzkoppler (10A, 10B) und diese Koppler (10A, 10B) zusammenschaltende k optische Wege (51) enthält, wobei das Leitwegkoppelfeld dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß jedes der verbundenen k x k-Koppelfelder k-1 phasensteuernde Elemente in k-1 der k zusammenschaltenden Wege enthält.
  2. Koppelfeld nach Anspruch 1, wobei mindestens eines der verbundenen k x k-Koppelfelder ein mit einem 3 x 3-Koppelfeld verbundenes 2 x 2-Koppelfeld umfaßt.
  3. Koppelfeld nach Anspruch 1, wobei jeder der k optischen Wege eines der Mehrzahl von Phasensteuerelementen enthält.
  4. Koppelfeld nach Anspruch 1, wobei alle außer einem der zusammenschaltenden Wege eines der k-1 Phasensteuerungselemente enthält.
  5. Koppelfeld nach Anspruch 1, wobei die verbundenen optischen k x k Koppelfelder und die k optischen Wege in einem System mit gemeinsamem Wellenleitmaterial bereitgestellt werden, das ein planares Silizium-Lichtwellensystem, ein System mit Halbleitermaterial oder ein System mit InP/InGaAsP-Material ist.
  6. Koppelfeld nach Anspruch 1, zum Arbeiten in dem optischen Übertragungsband langer Wellenlänge von optischen Fasern.
  7. Koppelfeld nach Anspruch 3, wobei mindestens eines der k-1 Phasensteuerungselemente thermisch einstellbar, elektrooptisch einstellbar oder durch Trägerinjektion einstellbar ist.
  8. Koppelfeld nach Anspruch 1, weiterhin mit einer optisch absorbierenden oder verteilenden Struktur zum Absorbieren oder Verteilen von durch ein erstes der k x k optisch verbundenen Koppelfelder erzeugter Streustrahlung.
  9. Koppelfeld nach Anspruch 1, wobei N ≥ 4 oder N ≥ 8 ist.
  10. Koppelfeld nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Anzahl der erforderlichen k-1 Phasensteuerungselemente weniger gleich N(N-1)/2 ist.
EP00301037A 1999-02-19 2000-02-09 Optische Raumkoppelfelder mit Mehrtor-Kopplern Expired - Lifetime EP1030533B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US253398 1994-06-03
US09/253,398 US6253000B1 (en) 1999-02-19 1999-02-19 Optical space switches using multiport couplers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1030533A1 EP1030533A1 (de) 2000-08-23
EP1030533B1 true EP1030533B1 (de) 2005-10-12

Family

ID=22960110

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00301037A Expired - Lifetime EP1030533B1 (de) 1999-02-19 2000-02-09 Optische Raumkoppelfelder mit Mehrtor-Kopplern

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6253000B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1030533B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3842511B2 (de)
DE (1) DE60023048T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE513095C2 (sv) * 1998-10-02 2000-07-10 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Förfarande och anordning för WDM-sändning och -mottagning
US6721508B1 (en) 1998-12-14 2004-04-13 Tellabs Operations Inc. Optical line terminal arrangement, apparatus and methods
US6366717B1 (en) * 2000-03-22 2002-04-02 Marconi Communications, Inc. Apparatus for distributing optical fiber transmission paths
US6366716B1 (en) * 2000-06-15 2002-04-02 Nortel Networks Limited Optical switching device
US7054310B1 (en) * 2000-09-14 2006-05-30 Ciena Corporation Methods and apparatuses for providing multiple services from any slot in a SONET system having multiple slots
US6944190B1 (en) 2000-09-14 2005-09-13 Ciena Corporation Methods and apparatuses for serial transfer of SONET framed data between components of a SONET system
US7088881B2 (en) * 2000-09-19 2006-08-08 David Nir Integrated optical switching device
US6603893B1 (en) * 2001-03-27 2003-08-05 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for switching an optical beam in a semiconductor substrate
US6788837B2 (en) * 2001-03-27 2004-09-07 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for interleaving and switching an optical beam in a semiconductor substrate
US7013070B2 (en) * 2002-06-04 2006-03-14 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for switching an optical beam between first and second waveguides in a semiconductor substrate layer
US20040037558A1 (en) * 2002-08-20 2004-02-26 Nortel Networks Limited Modular high-capacity switch
US7242866B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2007-07-10 Intel Corporation Methods and apparatus for switching N optical input signals to M optical outputs
US20080235712A1 (en) * 2004-03-05 2008-09-25 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Hardware Object Request Broker on a Chip for Generating Separate Control and Data Channels for Improved Throughput Efficiency
US20070283365A1 (en) * 2004-03-05 2007-12-06 Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University Non-Centralized Middleware Channel Structures for Improved Throughput Efficiency
US7286731B2 (en) * 2004-04-29 2007-10-23 Lucent Technologies Inc. Monolithically integrated optical coupler with substantially no splitting loss
US7437026B2 (en) * 2004-09-22 2008-10-14 Intel Corporation Three dimensional semiconductor based optical switching device
EP1846786A1 (de) 2005-02-10 2007-10-24 Pirelli & C. S.p.A. Optische bandaufteiler/-kombinierer-vorrichtung mit einem drei-arm-interferometer
US20150086158A1 (en) * 2013-09-26 2015-03-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Multi-Mode Phase-Shifting Interference Device
EP2908449A1 (de) * 2014-02-18 2015-08-19 Alcatel Lucent Vorrichtung zum Senden und/oder Modulieren optischer Signale mit passiven Phasenschiebern
KR102559579B1 (ko) * 2015-09-03 2023-07-25 삼성전자주식회사 광 변조기 및 이를 이용하는 데이터 처리 시스템
JP6992265B2 (ja) * 2017-03-23 2022-01-13 セイコーエプソン株式会社 表示装置および表示装置の制御方法
US10481333B2 (en) * 2017-07-06 2019-11-19 Macom Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc. Athermal silicon photonics wavelength locker and meter
GB2575653A (en) * 2018-07-17 2020-01-22 Univ College Cork National Univ Of Ireland Phase modulator for optical signal using multimode interference couplers
CN111147130B (zh) 2018-11-02 2023-05-09 华为技术有限公司 光源备份方法、装置以及系统
US11251876B2 (en) 2020-11-17 2022-02-15 Intel Corporation Optical analog matrix multiplier for optical neural networks
US11474298B2 (en) * 2020-11-17 2022-10-18 Intel Corporation 2×2 optical unitary matrix multiplier
WO2024038542A1 (en) * 2022-08-18 2024-02-22 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Optical switch and switching system

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4807280A (en) * 1987-09-18 1989-02-21 Pacific Bell Cross-connect switch
DE59610596D1 (de) * 1995-02-01 2003-08-14 Juerg Leuthold Kompakte optisch-optische schalter und wellenlängen-konverter mittels multimode-interferenz moden-konvertern
SE521765C2 (sv) * 1997-08-29 2003-12-02 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Anordning och förfarande relaterande till optisk transmission

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1030533A1 (de) 2000-08-23
US6253000B1 (en) 2001-06-26
JP2000244952A (ja) 2000-09-08
JP3842511B2 (ja) 2006-11-08
DE60023048T2 (de) 2006-06-22
DE60023048D1 (de) 2005-11-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1030533B1 (de) Optische Raumkoppelfelder mit Mehrtor-Kopplern
Spanke Architectures for large nonblocking optical space switches
US6292597B1 (en) N×N non-blocking optical switch
US6330379B1 (en) Cascaded optical switch comprising at least one gate
Wilfong et al. WDM cross-connect architectures with reduced complexity
US4932735A (en) Integrated optical hybrid matrix switches with very low crosstalk
US6532090B1 (en) Wavelength selective cross-connect with reduced complexity
Earnshaw et al. 8 x 8 optical switch matrix using generalized Mach-Zehnder interferometers
AU6068700A (en) Dense tree optical switch network
US6819821B2 (en) Optical switch with a geometry based on perpendicularly-oriented planar lightwave circuit switches
US6222955B1 (en) Integrated 1×N optical switch
Earnshaw et al. Compact, low-loss 4× 4 optical switch matrix using multimode interferometers
Williams Integrated semiconductor-optical-amplifier-based switch fabrics for high-capacity interconnects
CA2386352A1 (en) Nxn optical matrix switch using modified cross-connect of 1xn switches
Mehrvar et al. Fast photonic switch architecture for interconnect applications
Duthie et al. Size, transparency and control in optical space switch fabrics: a 16× 16 single chip array in Lithium Niobate and its applications
Doerr et al. Silica-waveguide 1× 9 wavelength-selective cross connect
JP3444548B2 (ja) 光スイッチ
Okayama et al. Optical switch array using banyan network
Earnshaw et al. 8× 8 optical switch matrix in silica-on-silicon
Chen et al. Design and applications of large-scale integrated planar lightwave circuits for WDM systems
Herben InP-based optical cross-connects for WDM networks
Dragone Optimum nonblocking networks for photonic switching
Shipley et al. A wavelength selective all fibre switching matrix
Russ The Use Of Lithium Niobate Devices In Optical Networks

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20010208

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: DE FR GB

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20040120

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60023048

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20051117

Kind code of ref document: P

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20060713

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20131128 AND 20131204

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CD

Owner name: ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC.

Effective date: 20131122

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: GC

Effective date: 20140410

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: RG

Effective date: 20141015

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 16

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 17

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 18

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 19

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20180219

Year of fee payment: 19

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20180216

Year of fee payment: 19

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20190111

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 60023048

Country of ref document: DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20190209

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190903

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190209