EP1025453A1 - Systeme de positionnement pour reseaux telephoniques numeriques - Google Patents

Systeme de positionnement pour reseaux telephoniques numeriques

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Publication number
EP1025453A1
EP1025453A1 EP98949119A EP98949119A EP1025453A1 EP 1025453 A1 EP1025453 A1 EP 1025453A1 EP 98949119 A EP98949119 A EP 98949119A EP 98949119 A EP98949119 A EP 98949119A EP 1025453 A1 EP1025453 A1 EP 1025453A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receivers
received
transmission
signals
receiver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98949119A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1025453B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Duffett-Smith
Paul Hansen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cambridge Positioning Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
Cambridge Positioning Systems Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9722324.2A external-priority patent/GB9722324D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9818450.0A external-priority patent/GB9818450D0/en
Application filed by Cambridge Positioning Systems Ltd filed Critical Cambridge Positioning Systems Ltd
Priority to EP02100398A priority Critical patent/EP1271178B1/fr
Publication of EP1025453A1 publication Critical patent/EP1025453A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1025453B1 publication Critical patent/EP1025453B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/14—Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0018—Transmission from mobile station to base station
    • G01S5/0036—Transmission from mobile station to base station of measured values, i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/10—Position of receiver fixed by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements, e.g. omega or decca systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/022—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S1/024—Means for monitoring or calibrating of beacon transmitters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/04—Details
    • G01S1/045—Receivers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a positioning system for use with digital telephone networks such as a GSM network.
  • EP-A-0 303 371 the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference, describes a radio navigation and tracking system which makes use of independent radio transmitters set up for other purposes.
  • the signals from each transmitter, taken individually, are received by two receiving stations, one at a fixed and known location, and the other mounted on the mobile object whose position is to be determined.
  • a representation of the signals received at one receiving station is sent via a link to a processor at the other receiving station, where the received signals are compared to find their phase differences or time delays.
  • Three such measurements, made on three widely spaced independent transmitters, are sufficient to determine the position of the mobile receiver in two dimensions, i.e. its position on the ground.
  • the phase or time offset between the master oscillators in the two receivers is also determined.
  • WO-A-94-28432 shows how this same system may be applied to radio positioning inside tunnels, underground car parks, or other shielded spaces.
  • WO-A-97- 11384 uses the signals from the network transmitters for positioning purposes (see Figure 1).
  • a short burst of the signals from one such transmitter (known as a Base Transceiver Station, BTS) are received by a mobile handset (known as the CURSOR Rover Unit, CRU) whose position is to be determined, where they are converted to baseband, digitised, and recorded in memory.
  • BTS Base Transceiver Station
  • CRU CURSOR Rover Unit
  • CBU CURSOR Base Unit
  • CURSOR position processor CPP
  • links LI and L2 the corresponding sets are compared, for example using a cross-correlation procedure, to find the time delays between them.
  • the three sets of recordings produce three time delays, from which the position of the CRU can be found relative to the (known) positions of the BTSs and the known position of the CBU.
  • the signals on the Broadcast Control Channel, BCCH are used for positioning.
  • the present invention is intended to overcome this disadvantage by making the recordings in a different fashion, and by exploiting the special characteristics of digital telephone signals.
  • the quantity of data needing to be transferred may be reduced dramatically, making it fit easily, for example, into one SMS packet.
  • the measurements by the CRU can be made entirely during the handset's idle time, so that there is no delay when the user wishes to make a call, and giving a better position solution based on a longer averaging of the received signals.
  • the principles of operation of the present invention may best be understood by first considering the equations governing the CURSOR system, as explained in WO-A-97- 11384. In Figure 2 we show the geometry of a two-dimensional CURSOR system.
  • the orientation of the axes is immaterial, but may conveniently be set so that the y axis lies along the north-south local map grid.
  • the mobile unit (CRU), R is at vector position r with respect to the CBU position O.
  • a BTS, A is shown at vector position a.
  • ⁇ t . (
  • ⁇ t a , ⁇ t b , ⁇ t c are measured by the methods disclosed in WO-A-97-11384 and the values of a, b, c, and v are known, and hence the equations can be solved to find the position of the handset, r.
  • the time offset of the peak would be the difference in distances from A and B to the CRU divided by v.
  • ⁇ ⁇ there is also an unknown and slowly-varying time offset, ⁇ ⁇ , sometimes known as the transmission time offset, or relative transmission offset, or relative transmission delay.
  • At ⁇ is the time offset of the received signals from BTSs A & B as determined from the cross-correlation.
  • ⁇ t ab2 (
  • )/v + f ab and ⁇ t bc2 (!b
  • ⁇ 'bci - to*. ( - b
  • ⁇ t abl and At M have been measured at the CRU as described above, and the values of ⁇ t ab2 and ⁇ t bc2 have been measured at the CBU.
  • the values of a, b, c, and v are known and hence the position, r, of the CRU can be deduced using standard mathematical methods.
  • ⁇ , ⁇ ab , and ⁇ have all disappeared from equations (4). This is because we have made the assumption that the measurements by the CRU and CBU are either performed simultaneously, or sufficiently close together that there is no significant drift between them.
  • the data is programmed into so-called time division multiple access (TDMA) frames lasting 4.615 ms, further subdivided into 8 time slots.
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • Each time slot carries 156.25 bits at a rate of about 271 kbits s "1 and may, for example, represent a
  • a 'normal burst' of data and training bits a 'frequency correction burst' (FCB) of fixed pattern, a 'synchronisation burst' (SCH) of data and training bits, or an 'access burst' with a synchronisation sequence and data.
  • FCB frequency correction burst'
  • SCH 'synchronisation burst'
  • Each of these bursts also carries header, tail, and guard bits. How many of the time slots are being used at any moment in a given frame depends on the way the system has been set up and on the amount of traffic at that moment. However, even in quiet conditions the BCCH logical channel will be broadcasting one access burst in every frame. Furthermore, these frames are numbered with a repeat period of several hours. We can therefore use the arrival of a given frame number to synchronise the start of the recordings made by the CRU and CBU.
  • At least two receivers of a digital telephone network position determining system a first of which is at a known location and a second of which is located on a mobile unit whose position is to be determined, which system utilises transmission signals having a format at least a portion of which has predetermined values, in which the relative time offsets of the transmission signals received at each receiver from a number of transmission sources are measured relative to each other by comparing, for example by cross-correlating, the received transmission signals from the different transmission sources with one another to determine their relative time offsets and thereby determine the position of the second receiver by determining the time delay between the respective signals received at both receiving stations.
  • the invention includes both the system and a position determining method.
  • At least two receivers of a position determining system a first of which is at a known location and a second of which is located on a mobile unit whose position is to be determined, which system utilises transmission signals having a format at least a portion of which is sequentially repeated, in which the relative time offsets of the transmission signals received at each receiver from a number of transmission sources are measured relative to each other by comparing, for example by cross-correlating, the sequentially received transmission signals from the different transmission sources with one another to determine their relative time offsets and thereby determine the position of the second receiver by determining the time delay between the respective signals received at both receiving stations.
  • the foregoing discussion shows how the partial coherence of the signals from neighbouring BTSs on different physical channels can be used to measure time offsets.
  • the present invention extends these ideas.
  • a positioning system comprising at least two receivers of a digital telephone network having a plurality of transmission sources, a first of which receivers is at a known location and a second of which is a mobile receiver whose position is to be determined, said system utilising transmission signals having a format at least a portion of which has predetermined values or a portion which is repeated, each receiver including a reference clock; means for generating in each receiver a reference signal locked to the reference clock, the reference signal having a similar format to the transmission signals and thus a portion identical to the portion of the received signal which has predetermined values or which is repeated; and means, in each receiver, for comparing, for example by cross-correlating, the received transmission signal and the reference signal to determine their relative time offset to enable thereby the position of the second receiver to be determined by determining the time delay between the respective signals received at both receivers.
  • the transmission sources are preferably the base transceiver stations and the mobile receiver
  • the reference signals provide, in effect, templates which can be matched with the transmission signals. Using the fact that the signals are formatted in the same way and thus have identical portions allows them to be matched (e.g. cross-correlated), and the amount in time by which a recording of one has to be moved relative to the other in order to match, provides an estimate of the time offset.
  • Knowing the time offsets enables the relative received time offsets between the different transmission source signals to be calculated, and hence the position of the mobile to be determined as described in more detail below.
  • the time offsets can be measured using locally-created templates in a GSM telephone system, for example in the following manner.
  • the CRU has recorded a short burst of the signals from BTS A. Contained within that recording is the framing structure and other 'given' data (or predetermined values) described above which is a constant feature of those transmissions.
  • the processor within the CRU can create a matching template, based on the known structure of the network signals, and can ignore those parts where the exact form of the received data is not known.
  • Such a template is shown by way of example in Figure 3.
  • the shaded portions of the transmitted signals, shown at (a) are exactly specified by the network protocol (the frame structure etc.). These can be matched by the locally-generated template, shown at (b).
  • the unshaded portions of (a) cannot be predicted in advance, and so these parts are not used in the correlation.
  • the correlation peak corresponds to the time offset, i.e. the time offset between the received signals and the local clock inside the CRU. This time offset, ⁇ t al is given by
  • ⁇ /* (
  • ⁇ t is the time offset of the BTS transmissions
  • ⁇ is the time offset of the CRUs internal clock, both relative to a mythical universal 'absolute' clock.
  • ⁇ ' b2 (
  • ⁇ t M - ⁇ t b2 (
  • the time offsets are determined by the CPP from the raw data recorded by both CRU and CBU. According to the invention of the present application, the time offsets are determined locally, requiring much less data to be sent. Note, too, that in this system the relative transmission delays of the signals transmitted from the different BTSs are not measured and are never used in the computation. The geometry of the calculation is based on the intersection of circles centred on the positions of the BTSs. This is very different from other systems in which the equivalent of the CBU measures the relative transmission delays and transmits them to the processing unit which then performs a standard calculation based on the intersection of hyperbolae.
  • the above description shows how the use of a single locally-generated template can be used to estimate the time offsets.
  • the template can be generated from the known characteristics of the network signals, as described above, or it can be measured using the signals, say, from the first received channel as the template for correlating with the other channels. It may sometimes be advantageous to use more than one template in the estimation process, especially when the received signals are distorted, for example by the effects of multipath propagation.
  • the best template from the point of view of maximising the correlation is one which matches exactly the received signals.
  • the estimate of the time offset so obtained may contain a systematic bias which can be shown up by using different templates. This is illustrated in Figure 4 where the transmitted profile is shown at (a), and the received profile (somewhat idealised) is shown at (b).
  • a range of templates corresponding to different amounts of multipath, shown at (cl), (c2) etc., can be matched to the received data, and the one giving the closest match provides an estimate of the multipath delay.
  • a GSM CURSOR positioning system has a fixed CBU constantly cycling through the BCCHs from the surrounding BTSs and measuring the time offsets between them and the template locked to the internal clock. Its local processor maintains a low-order polynomial fit to the time offsets, so that a value could be obtained for any particular moment (such as the arrival of a given frame number) by interpolation. The polynomial coefficients, or the interpolated time offsets, are all that need to be sent to the CPP on request.
  • a CURSOR-enabled handset within the cell also maintains a similar set of polynomial fits. This can be done by cycling around all the BCCHs in range during its idle time, i.e.
  • the polynomial coefficients, the interpolated time offsets, or the points around the peak of the cross-correlation are sent by an SMS packet to the CPP, together with a definition of the instant of measurement described, for example, by the arrival of a particular frame number on a given channel.
  • Such a message is shown in Figure 5.
  • a four-byte representation of the number in ms gives a range of ⁇ 128 ms with a resolution equivalent to about 2 cm of positional error.
  • the capacity of the SMS packet therefore allows many more than the minimum 3 BTSs to be used for each position determination, thus increasing the robustness and reliability of the measurement.
  • the present invention can also deliver a second benefit to the telephone network operator besides the CURSOR positioning described above.
  • the CBUs need not measure the relative transmission delays of the BTSs network in order to determine the position of the CRU, they could nevertheless be made to do so. This information could be sent back to regional controllers to be used to 'synchronise' the network of BTSs.
  • the invention therefore also includes a system of synchronising a GSM or similar digital telephone network by using the time offsets measured by the fixed receivers at known locations in accordance with any of the methods defined above in accordance with the invention; and utilising the time offsets so determined to synchronise the network.
  • Benefits of having a 'synchronised' network include faster and more-reliable hand-overs between neighbouring cells as calls in progress migrate between them.
  • a network of CBUs deployed within the area of the GSM or other mobile digital telephone system.
  • An adjacent pair of such CBUs may be able to receive the transmission signals from one or more common BTSs, as shown in Figure 6.
  • both CBUs make a measurement of the time offset of the arrival of the signals relative to their internal clocks, as described above. Since the positions of the CBUs and the BTSs are all known, the first of equations 7 may be used to calculate the value of ⁇ , which now represents the time offset between the internal clocks of the two CBUs.
  • the synchronised network of CBUs provides an alternative means of establishing a map of the transmission time offsets of the BTSs, but this time with respect to a common 'CBU- system time' rather than just with respect to each other.
  • One of the CBUs in the network could be provided with a high-quality atomic clock, such as a hydrogen maser or caesium beam device, and used as the time standard for the entire network.
  • the network of CBUs can also be made to carry out periodic scanning of the entire allocated frequency band for the appearance of new BTS units, and also changes in the frequency channels used by pre-existing units. It is therefore possible for a CURSOR operator, once he has established his regional network of CBUs, to carry on his business with a large degree of independence from the BTS network operator.
  • EP-A-0 303 371 describes how the position of a mobile receiver can be tracked using measurements of the phase, with the corresponding advantage of much greater precision than can be achieved using the time-measuring techniques described here. It may sometimes be an advantage to measure both the phase and the time in a practical implementation of the present invention.
  • the in-phase and quadrature portions of the received signal can be obtained during the measurement of the time offset. These can be used to estimate the phase of the received signal.
  • the phase measurements are much more precise than are the time offset measurements. It may therefore be advantageous to combine the phase and time offset measurements in the calculation of the CRU's position, or change in position.
  • phase and time differences are calculated as outlined in WO-A-97-11384 and herein above.
  • the measurements are then repeated.
  • the second phase measurement consists of the first phase measurement plus the change in the phase between the first and second measurements.
  • the phase and time differences can be seen as different estimates of the same unknown quantities.
  • the changes in these measurements reflect the movement of the mobile unit.
  • the difference between the two sets of phase measurements should be the same as the difference between the two sets of time difference measurements when scaled appropriately. Any discrepancies between these two is caused mainly by the effects of multipath and measurement noise.
  • the second time difference measurement may be an advantage to calculate the second time difference measurement as the sum of the first time difference measurement and the change in the phase measurement (properly scaled) from the first to the second measurement epoch. It is also possible to use the phase data to calculate an improved first epoch time difference measurement.
  • the system may measure both the phase difference and the time delay between the arrival of the signals at each of the said receivers, which phase measurements are used in addition to the time measurements in order to make improved estimates of the time delays, in order to determine the position of the second receiver.
  • the invention also includes a handset having a reference clock; means for generating a reference signal locked to the reference clock, the reference signal having a similar format to the transmission signals and thus a portion identical to the portion of the received signal which has predetermined values or which is repeated; means for comparing, for example by cross-correlating, the received transmission signal and the reference signal to determine their relative time offset; means for transmitting data representing said relative time offset to enable thereby the position of the handset to be determined.
  • an error may be incurred because of multipath propagation, by not having an accurate knowledge of the paths by which the signals reach the receivers. Multipath propagation spreads out the cross-correlation, making it harder to estimate the position of the peak.
  • the invention therefore also includes a mobile receiver, e.g. a telephone handset, comprising means for carrying out the above method.
  • a mobile receiver e.g. a telephone handset
  • the signal parts which are readily identifiable and known in advance, in the case of a GSM system may be, for example, the extended training sequence.
  • the extended training sequence in the case of a GSM system
  • the parts of the signal may be pilot spreading codes.
  • the means for constructing the template may comprise means for combining a portion of the auto-correlation of an expected part of said received signal corresponding to offset times before that of the central peak of said received signal with a portion of the auto-correlation of a part of the measured part of said received signal corresponding to offset times after that of the central peak.
  • Figures 4a-d are a set of idealised signal profiles for illustrating the use of multiple templates for reducing the effects of multipath propagation
  • Figure 5 illustrates an SMS packet transmitted by a handset
  • Figure 6 illustrates part of a network of CBUs utilised in a system according to the invention
  • Figure 7 is a flowchart of part of the measurement procedure carried out in the example.
  • Figures 8A to 8D illustrate estimated and measured auto- and cross-correlation functions of signals in the system which may be used to reduce the effects of multipath propagation;
  • Figure 9 illustrates the component elements of an exemplary GSM network positioning system.
  • Figure 10 illustrates, diagrammatically, a mobile handset for use with the system and method of the invention.
  • a GSM CURSOR system comprises the following elements; (a) a network ofBTSs units 1A, IB, 1C etc. transmitting signals, in particular, BCCH signals; (b) a network of CBUs 2A, 2B, etc. set up within the region served by the BTS network receiving the BCCH signals and fixed at known locations; (c) a CPP unit 3 by which the positions of the mobile handsets are calculated; and (d) plural CURSOR-enabled handsets 4, the CRUs, whose positions are to be determined.
  • FIG. 10 is a simplified diagram of a handset comprising a conventional digital cellular radio handset adapted to operate in accordance with the invention.
  • the handset 4 includes an antenna 41 which provides a signal to a receiver 42, from which the received signal is passed to a digital signal processor (DSP) 43.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the digital signal processor 43 has an associated RAM 44 and a ROM 45 or similar for containing software used by the DSP
  • a conventional microprocessor or central controller (CPU) 46 receives signals processed by the DSP and also has associated RAM 47 and ROM or similar 48 for containing operating software.
  • CPU central controller
  • RAM 47 and ROM or similar 48 for containing operating software.
  • the other normal components of a cellular telephone handset, eg battery, keypad, LCD screen etc. are not shown as they are not germane to the present invention.
  • the DSP 43 and associated components are not shown as they are not germane to the present invention.
  • RAM 44 operating under the control of a modified program stored in ROM 45 operate to carry out the required signal measurements and the microprocessor 46 and associated RAM 47 operate to measure the timing offsets under the control of a modified program stored in the ROM 48.
  • GSM CURS OR measurements are made on the In-phase (I) and Quadrature-phase
  • (Q) raw data samples from the analogue to digital converter About 1401 and Q samples are recorded in the handset at a sampling rate of about 541,000 samples per second. This data is extracted before any DSP processing, such as channel equalisation, because the time-delay inserted by the processing is not known accurately.
  • the I and Q samples are treated as follows in the DSP 43. For the detection of a marker signal (see definition below), such as a frequency-correction burst, the I and Q outputs are first combined to give a standard FM-demodulator output, consisting of the difference between successive values of tan _1 (Q / 1), calculated in the full range 0 to 360 degrees.
  • FCB frequency-correction burst
  • BCCH geometrically-diverse Broadcast Control Channel
  • the frame numbers of the BCCH on the serving cell are decoded and used as time-stamps for each CURSOR measurement set.
  • the complete set of recordings made on, say, 6 channels are made synchronously with the internal crystal-controlled oscillator. All recorded data are copied to controller ram for secondary processing.
  • the GSM CURSOR measurement procedure is carried out, in the DSP 43 (see Figure 10) at regular intervals of between 10 and 60 seconds during the handset's idle time and is described below with reference to Figure 7.
  • Each procedure takes less than 1 second.
  • Two repetitive characteristics of a BCCH transmission are readily identified. The first of these we call a marker signal and the second we call a code signal, which arrives at a known time after the marker.
  • the marker signal could, for example, be a frequency-correction burst (FCB), and the code signal could be a synchronisation burst (SCH).
  • FCB frequency-correction burst
  • SCH synchronisation burst
  • the handset waits for the arrival of a marker signal, and records the code signal (see Figure 7).
  • the process begins at step 701 and the list of n channels and their frequencies are retrieved from the handset' s neighbour list 702.
  • a counter locked to the handset' s reference oscillator is reset in step 703 and an index i is set to zero.
  • the index is first incremented, at step 704 and the handset tunes, at step 705,to the first BCCH in the list, and waits for the arrival of the next marker signal in step 706.
  • the clock tick count has reached the number corresponding to the arrival of the code signal, in step 708, the recording of about 2 x 140 bytes is then made in step 709, and the frame number is noted in step 711.
  • the clock tick counter is then recorded in step 712 and, depending on the channel number being less than n (step 713), the process returns to step 704 and the handset then retunes to the next BCCH in the list, and awaits the arrival of the next marker signal on this channel.
  • the value of the clock tick counter is recorded and, after the appropriate wait for the code signal, another 2 x 140 bytes are recorded. This process is repeated for all the channels in the list by cycling around the loop in the process until, in step 713, it is determined that the recordings have been made for all n channels.
  • the recorded data is transferred to the CPU controller 46 for storing in RAM 48.
  • the handset CPU controller, microprocessor 46 then performs some integer-based analysis of the data, storing the results in a cyclic buffer in RAM 48 in which the oldest values are replaced by the most recent ones.
  • This analysis involves cross-correlating each of the recordings with a template based on the expected code signal (as mentioned above, the synchronisation burst SCH). The values around the peak of the cross-correlation are identified, and stored in RAM 48 in compressed form as described below.
  • SMS package which is then sent to the CPP where the handset's location is determined.
  • the data that is to be sent to the CPP may consist of: the full BTS identification for the serving cell, the dialled number corresponding to the service for which location was requested, the frame number of the synchronisation burst recorded from the serving cell, the clock tick counter values for each of the channels, the data representations, the measured BTS short IDs.
  • the CBU operates in much the same way as the CRU. The main differences are that (a) the CBU monitors a much larger set of surrounding BCCH transmissions (typically 15-20), (b) the measurements are taken more frequently, say every 5 seconds, (c) the data is sent back to the CPP using any appropriate means e.g.
  • the CBU places a call to the CPP when it detects that a sufficiently- large time drift has occurred, and (e) the CBU can operate in network-monitoring and synchronisation modes as described above.
  • the CPP typically functions in a CRU-activated mode.
  • An incoming CURSOR SMS packet stimulates interrogation of the appropriate CBU or CBUs to extract the recorded data corresponding to the times of the CRU measurements.
  • the CPP then uses standard procedures as described in our previous patent specifications mentioned above to calculate the position of the CRU using equations 7 above.
  • the CPP may first consult an internal database of recent CBU measurements to determine if it has already obtained the required CBU information before requesting new data from any CBU.
  • the process of compression referred to above is as follows for each of a number of cross-correlation vectors: the values that are identified are the peak value c of the cross-correlation and the two values immediately adjacent and on each side of the peak value, respectively b, a and d, e, thus being in order a, b, c, d, e; the value of a is subtracted from the other values to give values of 0, b-a, c-a, d-a, & e-a; the largest of these values is c-a and this is scaled to have the value of the 33-bit number consisting of a ' 1' followed by 32 'O's, by multiplication by a factor x; the same scaling factor x is used to multiply b-a, d-a & e-a so that they are scaled equivalently; the lower twenty-four bits of these values are then removed to leave 8-bit representations in each case; as the first and third of the original values now comprise, respectively,
  • FIG. 8 A The auto-correlation function of the extended training sequence in a GSM signal (illustrated in Figure 8 A) is well known.
  • the left hand side of this (corresponding to the negative time axis) is used as the left hand side of an estimated cross-correlation function (illustrated in Figure 8C) of the received signals and the expected extended training sequence.
  • the right hand side of the auto-correlation function of the measured extended training sequence (illustrated in Figure 8B and corresponding to the positive time axis) is used as the right hand side of the estimated cross-correlation function (Figure 8C).
  • the received signals are cross-correlated with the expected extended training sequence and the resulting measured cross-correlation function (illustrated in Figure 8D) compared with the estimated cross-correlation function ( Figure 8C) to find the timing offset.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)
  • Control Of Position Or Direction (AREA)
  • Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Exchange Systems With Centralized Control (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système permettant de déterminer la position d'un récepteur mobile (4) dans un système de positionnement pour réseau téléphonique numérique. Un premier récepteur (3) est situé à un emplacement connu, d'autres récepteurs étant mobiles. Le procédé de cette invention consiste à transmettre des signaux depuis plusieurs sources (1), le format ces signaux de transmission comprenant au moins une partie avec des valeurs prédéterminées, ou une partie répétée. On détermine ensuite le décalage temporel de ces signaux de transmission reçus par chaque récepteur (4, 5) depuis une source de transmission (1), en fonction de l'horloge de référence de chacun de ces récepteurs, en produisant un signal de référence asservi à cette horloge de référence. Ce signal de référence présente un format similaire à celui des signaux de transmission, et comprend une partie identique aux valeurs prédéterminées ou à la partie répétée du signal reçu, le signal de transmission reçu et le signal de référence étant comparés. On détermine enfin, à partir de leur décalage temporel respectif, le retard entre le signaux reçus respectivement par lesdits récepteurs (4, 5), ce qui permet ainsi de définir la position des autres récepteurs (4).
EP98949119A 1997-10-22 1998-10-21 Systeme de positionnement pour reseaux telephoniques numeriques Expired - Lifetime EP1025453B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02100398A EP1271178B1 (fr) 1997-10-22 1998-10-21 Système de positionnement pour réseaux téléphoniques numériques

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9722324 1997-10-22
GBGB9722324.2A GB9722324D0 (en) 1997-10-22 1997-10-22 Positioning system for digital telephone networks
GBGB9818450.0A GB9818450D0 (en) 1998-08-24 1998-08-24 Positioning system for digital telephone networks
GB9818450 1998-08-24
PCT/GB1998/003149 WO1999021028A1 (fr) 1997-10-22 1998-10-21 Systeme de positionnement pour reseaux telephoniques numeriques

Related Child Applications (1)

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EP02100398A Division EP1271178B1 (fr) 1997-10-22 1998-10-21 Système de positionnement pour réseaux téléphoniques numériques

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EP1025453A1 true EP1025453A1 (fr) 2000-08-09
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EP1376150A1 (fr) 2002-06-17 2004-01-02 Cambridge Positioning Systems Limited Système de radiolocalisation avec suppression d'interférence
EP1394562A1 (fr) 2002-08-28 2004-03-03 Cambridge Positioning Systems Limited Perfectionnements aux systèmes de radio-localisation
EP2309287A2 (fr) 2001-07-17 2011-04-13 Cambridge Positioning Systems Limited Améliorations apportées aux systèmes de positionnement radio
EP3751305A3 (fr) * 2019-05-24 2021-03-03 u-blox AG Procédé et appareil de positionnement avec des signaux sans fil

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EP2309287A2 (fr) 2001-07-17 2011-04-13 Cambridge Positioning Systems Limited Améliorations apportées aux systèmes de positionnement radio
EP1376150A1 (fr) 2002-06-17 2004-01-02 Cambridge Positioning Systems Limited Système de radiolocalisation avec suppression d'interférence
EP1394562A1 (fr) 2002-08-28 2004-03-03 Cambridge Positioning Systems Limited Perfectionnements aux systèmes de radio-localisation
EP3751305A3 (fr) * 2019-05-24 2021-03-03 u-blox AG Procédé et appareil de positionnement avec des signaux sans fil

Also Published As

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EP1271178A2 (fr) 2003-01-02
ATE229653T1 (de) 2002-12-15
GEP20032874B (en) 2003-01-27
HUP0004241A2 (hu) 2001-04-28
HUP0004241A3 (en) 2002-09-30
CN1276876A (zh) 2000-12-13
EP1271178B1 (fr) 2005-03-16
JP2001521154A (ja) 2001-11-06
DE69829421D1 (de) 2005-04-21
WO1999021028A1 (fr) 1999-04-29
EA200000446A1 (ru) 2000-10-30
EP1025453B1 (fr) 2002-12-11
DE69810149D1 (de) 2003-01-23
ES2189253T3 (es) 2003-07-01
TR200001096T2 (tr) 2000-08-21
AU9549898A (en) 1999-05-10
BR9814614A (pt) 2000-10-03
EA002006B1 (ru) 2001-10-22
CN1317567C (zh) 2007-05-23
EE200000240A (et) 2001-06-15
CA2305586A1 (fr) 1999-04-29
BG104363A (bg) 2001-01-31
DE69810149T2 (de) 2003-07-24
EP1271178A3 (fr) 2003-06-18
DE69829421T2 (de) 2005-08-11
PL340056A1 (en) 2001-01-15
YU23300A (sh) 2001-09-28
AU748322B2 (en) 2002-05-30
HK1030988A1 (en) 2001-05-25
KR100570315B1 (ko) 2006-04-12
CA2305586C (fr) 2005-08-16
JP4294860B2 (ja) 2009-07-15
DK1025453T3 (da) 2003-04-14
MY122257A (en) 2006-04-29
KR20010031328A (ko) 2001-04-16
TW425797B (en) 2001-03-11

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