EP1023573B1 - Launcher with enhanced tightness for ammunitions comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile - Google Patents

Launcher with enhanced tightness for ammunitions comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1023573B1
EP1023573B1 EP98947606A EP98947606A EP1023573B1 EP 1023573 B1 EP1023573 B1 EP 1023573B1 EP 98947606 A EP98947606 A EP 98947606A EP 98947606 A EP98947606 A EP 98947606A EP 1023573 B1 EP1023573 B1 EP 1023573B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
launcher
seal
launcher according
face
wall
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EP98947606A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1023573A1 (en
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Jean-Claude Sauvestre
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/02—Driving bands; Rotating bands

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ammunition for weapons small, medium and large caliber, and more particularly a improved launcher with improved sealing, for ammunition type comprising an undersized ball and a launcher, in particular for hunting or training weapons.
  • Launch techniques commonly used today use a launcher usually consisting of two or several elements surrounding the sub-projectile.
  • the elements of the launcher assembled together in contiguous planes by a locking system, can be made of alloys metallic or plastic.
  • the aerodynamic forces exerted on the projectile at the exit of the weapon cause the separation of the elements of the launcher which, after separation, each follow a trajectory clean and fall at varying distances from the weapon.
  • patent FR-A-2,555,728 describes ammunition for hunting weapon comprising an under-calibrated projectile stabilized by empennage, including a tapered ball dense alloy associated with a plastic launcher.
  • patents FR-A-2,599,828 and FR-A-2,606,500 describe hunting bullets of the type comprising a sub-projectile and a launcher made of several detachable elements, the characteristics of which are improved.
  • patent FR-A-2,599,828 describes a ball with great stability on trajectory, and providing so good shooting accuracy, but destabilizing beyond a certain distance.
  • FR-A-2,606,500 relates to ammunition providing a high initial speed and limiting the violence of the recoil shock, constituted by a undersized bullet and a launcher of the caliber of the weapon, comprising an open external annular chamber, separated from the propellant charge by a partition likely to rupture under the pressure of the gases generated by the combustion of the charge.
  • the present invention specifically relates to a launcher with improved sealing for ammunition of the type comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile on which it can adapt, comprising one or more elements and at least one peripheral seal.
  • the invention also relates to a launcher for ammunition of the type comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile to which it can adapt, providing both improved seal against combustion gases and reduction of the recoil shock of the weapon.
  • the invention also relates to a complete bullet constituted by an under-calibrated projectile associated with a launcher, and comprising an optimized seal.
  • the launcher according to the present invention is distinguished by what it includes at least one seal around continuously the external face and the internal face of each element, each joint preferably consisting of a single piece.
  • each element of the launcher is crossed by one or several perforations ensuring the joining of the joint, and the launcher of the invention preferably comprises at least two separable elements.
  • the seal covers at least in part not only the outer face but also the face internal and singing of the junction plane of each element of launcher, and it has a thickness such that it exceeds beyond the outer surface, the inner surface, and the junction plane, from a distance between 0 and 1 mm, and preferably between 0.1 and 0.5 mm in the case of hunting ammunition.
  • the seal can be formed on each element of the launcher by molding in a flexible material chosen from rubbers natural or artificial, for example of vulcanizable rubber or in thermoplastic elastomer, preferably having excellent adhesion to the material constituting the launcher, and where appropriate containing usual charges intended to improve its mechanical properties, for example an anti-ultraviolet agent improving resistance to aging agent or a lubricating agent intended to facilitate sliding against the wall of the barrel.
  • the hardness of rubber used is chosen according to conditions of use, and it is generally between 20 and 120 (Shore hardness), and preferably between 50 and 90.
  • each element is crossed by one or more perforations letting the material pass during the molding of the joint.
  • the seal on the rear of the element launcher preferably includes an annular sealing cap the space between the launcher and the internal wall of the socket, delimiting an external annular chamber in the immediate vicinity of the load.
  • the launcher When the launcher has only one joint, it is preferably placed on the front of each element. In Indeed, the tests carried out with ammunition conforming to the invention have shown that this arrangement facilitates Cartoning operations.
  • front part within the meaning of the invention means the area consisting approximately of half of the launcher is finding forward of the projectile.
  • the seal conforms to the present invention is preferably placed in this part front, and more preferably at a distance from the front edge of the launcher representing less than 30% of the length of the launcher.
  • the part of the launcher located in front of the joint can be independent on the other side.
  • this then consists of two cylindrical elements arranged longitudinally on the same axis and separated by the seal attached to the edge of one of the two elements.
  • the seal is disposed at the front end of the launcher, of which it envelops the front face, this preferably comprising notches transversal facilitating the attachment of the joint on the launcher and the assembly of the elements when the launcher is in two or more elements.
  • the improved waterproof launcher in accordance with this invention can be made of metal or a metal alloy, for example aluminum alloy, or plastic manufactured by molding or injection, for example in polyamide.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacture a launcher with improved sealing for ammunition of the type comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile, comprising one or more elements each comprising a seal integrated soft seal.
  • thermoplastic elastomer or vulcanizable rubber directly on each launcher element, on part of the launcher wall crossed by perforations.
  • the device according to the present invention is applicable in all ammunition, small, medium or large caliber, of the type comprising an under-calibrated projectile, for example a undersized ball, and a launcher made up of one or more separable elements, in the field of hunting weapons, of sport or training, and preferably in that of weapons of hunting.
  • the present invention provides the advantage of reducing the standard deviation pressure and speed, and therefore decrease the dispersion of the shot. In addition, there is no disturbance of the trajectory of the sub-projectile.
  • Figure 1 a half-section view of a complete bale, including an undersized bullet and a waterproof launcher improved according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 a half-section view showing a second embodiment of the launcher according to the invention, comprising a seal at the rear.
  • Figure 3 a half-section view showing another shape of the launcher according to the invention, comprising a gasket in front.
  • Figure 4 a half-section view showing another shape of the launcher according to the invention, comprising two seals.
  • Figure 5a a front view of a variant launcher of the invention comprising a seal in the front part, corresponding to the embodiment of Figure 5b.
  • Figure 5b a partial sectional view along A-A of Figure 5a launcher.
  • Figure 1 shows, in half-view, a cartridge comprising a launcher element (1) of substantially shaped semi-cylindrical, a socket (2), a primer (3) and a charge propellant (4).
  • the shape of the inner wall of the launcher (1) is intended to fit in a known manner on the body of the sub-calibrated bullet (5) of the arrow-bullet type.
  • the inner face of the launcher has teeth (6) cooperating with grooves (7) formed on the body of the ball (5).
  • the launcher has annular grooves on its external face of substantially semi-circular section (8 and 9) forming decompression grooves, and limiting the surface of friction in the barrel of the weapon.
  • the front part (10) of the launcher has a surface internal conical (11) diameter widening from the rear forward, to facilitate separation of the element from launcher under the effect of aerodynamic forces exerted at the out of the barrel.
  • the rear part (12) has an annular skirt (13) as well as a groove (14), at the connection with the body of the launcher element.
  • the skirt (13) is crossed by two series of perforations (15) arranged in a transverse plane, each series can include for example 3 or 4 perforations in the wall of the launcher.
  • the annular skirt (13) is truncated at both ends so that its cross-section is not entirely semicircular but covers an arc of circle of about 170 °; thus the two launcher elements (1) set up are not joined by the edges of their skirts respective annulars (13) but a space is provided between them, in which the seal takes place as shown below.
  • the seal (16) envelops the entire annular skirt (13) and the throat (14), and natural or artificial rubber which constitutes it fills the perforations (15) passing through Wall. It protrudes slightly beyond the surface external of the launcher (1), above the groove (14) to ensure sealing on the one hand with the wall of the socket, preventing any infiltration of gases generated by combustion propellant charge (4), on the other hand with the wall internal of the tube, after firing.
  • the seal (16) also protrudes slightly beyond the junction plane of the elements of launcher, so that the two launcher elements one once assembled, be joined by their seals (16) which are strongly compressed against each other.
  • the overshoot beyond the outer surface and beyond of the junction plane is of the order of 0.3 to 0.5 mm in the case hunting ammunition.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 2 is a variant of the launcher in Figure 1 where the seal (17) is formed in an annular groove (18) whose bottom is pierced by openings (19) passing through the entire wall of the element (1) of the launcher. As shown in Figure 2, the seal (17) completely envelops the element launcher (1) and has an edge (17a) projecting in the plane of junction of the two launcher elements.
  • each launcher element (1) has a seal (20) placed in a groove (21) provided in the part front of the launcher. This groove is pierced by a series of perforations (22) passing through the wall of the launcher, ensuring the formation of the seal also on the internal wall of the launcher.
  • the seal (21) has a slightly flattened shape ensuring good sealing contact with the wall of the socket and the inner wall of the tube, in the launch phase.
  • the improved waterproof launcher variant shown in Figure 4 includes two seals, one (16) identical to that of Figure 1, arranged on the part rear of the element (1) of the launcher, the other (20) formed by overmolding in the annular groove (21) located in the front part of the launcher.
  • the bottom of this groove (21) has a series of perforations (22) crossing the thickness of the wall, and facilitating overmolding thermoplastic elastomer or vulcanizable rubber which fills the entire annular groove (21) over its entire length, enters the perforations (22) and envelops the launcher in the plane of this gorge.
  • a cover (23) can be provided on the seal (16).
  • This cover is preferably formed by molding the seal in thermoplastic elastomer or vulcanizable rubber and an integral part thereof. Her height is such that the peripheral edge of the cover (23) either in contact with the internal wall of the socket (2) when the bullet is placed in the cartridge.
  • this cover (23) defines with the seal (16) and the wall of the socket an external annular chamber which is in the vicinity immediate propellant charge.
  • the variant embodiment shown in Figures 5a and 5b comprises the same launcher element (1) as on the Previous figures, but the seal (24) is fixed at the front end of the launcher (1), on its front part that it envelops by partially covering it.
  • the front part of the element (1) comprises an annular rib (25) crossed by several perforations, as well as three transverse notches (26, 27, 28), intended for reinforce the attachment of the rubber seal (24) natural or artificial on the element (1) of the launcher.
  • the seal (24) completely covers the three notches but leaves the enlarged front face of the rib (25) visible.
  • a notch (26) is provided in the central part of the front part of the element (1) and the other two notches (27, 28) are provided at each of the two ends.
  • the seal (24) completely fills the volume of the notches (26, 27, 28) and protrudes slightly beyond the exterior and interior surfaces of element (1) and in the junction plane of two elements (1) to ensure a good seal at the same time in the cartridge case, and in the barrel after firing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Fishing Rods (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns ammunitions for weapons of all calibre. The launcher is designed for ammunitions comprising a launcher (1) associated with a sub-projectile (5) whereon it can be adapted, comprising one or several separable elements, and it includes at least a pad (16) continuously enclosing the outer surface and the inner surface of each element, the wall of each element being traversed by one or several perforations (15) making the pad integral with the launcher. The invention is in particular applicable to hunting and training weapons.

Description

La présente invention concerne les munitions pour armes de petit, moyen et gros calibre, et plus particulièrement un lanceur perfectionné à étanchéité améliorée, pour munitions du type comportant une balle sous-calibrée et un lanceur, notamment pour armes de chasse ou d'entraínement.The present invention relates to ammunition for weapons small, medium and large caliber, and more particularly a improved launcher with improved sealing, for ammunition type comprising an undersized ball and a launcher, in particular for hunting or training weapons.

Dans le domaine des armes de chasse et d'entraínement, on connaít les munitions à projectile sous-calibré associant un sous-projectile et un lanceur dont la fonction essentielle est de propulser le sous-projectile à la vitesse désirée.In the field of hunting and training weapons, we knows the ammunition with a sub-calibrated projectile associating a sub-projectile and a launcher whose essential function is propel the sub-projectile at the desired speed.

Les techniques de lancement fréquemment employées actuellement utilisent un lanceur généralement constitué de deux ou plusieurs éléments entourant le sous-projectile. Les éléments du lanceur, assemblés entre eux à plans jointifs par un système de verrouillage, peuvent être réalisés en alliages métalliques ou en matière plastique. Après mise à feu, les forces aérodynamiques qui s'exercent sur le projectile à la sortie de l'arme provoquent la séparation des éléments du lanceur qui, après séparation, suivent chacun une trajectoire propre et tombent à des distances variables de l'arme.Launch techniques commonly used today use a launcher usually consisting of two or several elements surrounding the sub-projectile. The elements of the launcher, assembled together in contiguous planes by a locking system, can be made of alloys metallic or plastic. After firing, the aerodynamic forces exerted on the projectile at the exit of the weapon cause the separation of the elements of the launcher which, after separation, each follow a trajectory clean and fall at varying distances from the weapon.

Par exemple, le brevet FR-A-2.555.728 décrit des munitions pour arme de chasse comportant un projectile sous-calibré stabilisé par empennage, comprenant une balle effilée en alliage dense associée à un lanceur en matière plastique.For example, patent FR-A-2,555,728 describes ammunition for hunting weapon comprising an under-calibrated projectile stabilized by empennage, including a tapered ball dense alloy associated with a plastic launcher.

Diverses variantes et améliorations ont été apportées à la technique décrite dans le brevet précité, et par exemple, les brevets FR-A-2.599.828 et FR-A-2.606.500 décrivent des balles de chasse du type comportant un sous-projectile et un lanceur en plusieurs éléments détachables, dont les caractéristiques sont améliorées. Ainsi, le brevet FR-A-2.599.828 décrit une balle à grande stabilité sur trajectoire, et procurant donc une bonne précision de tir, mais se déstabilisant au-delà d'une certaine distance. Le brevet FR-A-2.606.500 concerne des munitions procurant une vitesse initiale élevée et limitant la violence du choc de recul, constituée par une balle sous-calibrée et un lanceur au calibre de l'arme, comportant une chambre annulaire externe ouverte, séparée de la charge propulsive par une cloison susceptible de se rompre sous la pression des gaz engendrés par la combustion de la charge.Various variations and improvements have been made to the technique described in the aforementioned patent, and for example, the patents FR-A-2,599,828 and FR-A-2,606,500 describe hunting bullets of the type comprising a sub-projectile and a launcher made of several detachable elements, the characteristics of which are improved. Thus, patent FR-A-2,599,828 describes a ball with great stability on trajectory, and providing so good shooting accuracy, but destabilizing beyond a certain distance. FR-A-2,606,500 relates to ammunition providing a high initial speed and limiting the violence of the recoil shock, constituted by a undersized bullet and a launcher of the caliber of the weapon, comprising an open external annular chamber, separated from the propellant charge by a partition likely to rupture under the pressure of the gases generated by the combustion of the charge.

L'une des difficultés auxquelles est confrontée cette technique de la balle sous-calibrée associée à un lanceur est celle de l'étanchéité, et plus particulièrement l'étanchéité aux gaz propulsifs lors de la mise à feu de la charge. Bien que ces difficultés soient rencontrées tout particulièrement dans le cas des lanceurs en deux ou plusieurs éléments, le problème de l'étanchéité se pose aussi dans le cas des lanceurs monoblocs. De plus, il est indispensable que la présence du lanceur ne gêne pas les opérations d'encartouchage au cours desquelles le sous-projectile et le lanceur sont mis en place dans une cartouche comportant une douille amorcée et une charge de poudre propulsive.One of the difficulties that this technique of the undersized ball associated with a pitcher is that of sealing, and more particularly sealing propellant gases when igniting the charge. Well that these difficulties are encountered in particular in the case of launchers in two or more elements, the sealing problem also arises in the case of monoblock launchers. In addition, it is essential that the presence of the launcher does not interfere with the packaging operations during which the sub-projectile and the launcher are put in place in a cartridge with a primed socket and a charge of propellant powder.

Cette étanchéité est généralement obtenue en utilisant un joint périphérique souple formant une ceinture autour des éléments du lanceur, comme par exemple dans le brevet FR-A-2,694.081 où un joint annulaire périphérique est monté dans une gorge prévue dans la paroi externe du lanceur. Un autre exemple de joint annulaire périphérique est décrit dans la demande de brevet WO-91.18256 où le joint est placé sur le sous-projectile, entre deux éléments de lanceur. Cependant, un tel joint doit être conçu de manière à se rompre à la sortie du tube de l'arme pour permettre la séparation des éléments du lanceur. Or il est difficile de mettre au point un joint d'étanchéité annulaire capable de se rompre sans perturber la séparation des éléments du lanceur et la trajectoire du projectile.This tightness is generally obtained by using a flexible peripheral seal forming a belt around the elements of the launcher, as for example in patent FR-A-2,694,081 where a peripheral annular seal is mounted in a groove provided in the outer wall of the launcher. Another example of a peripheral annular seal is described in the patent application WO-91.18256 where the seal is placed on the sub-projectile, between two launcher elements. However, a such a joint must be designed so as to rupture at the outlet of the barrel of the weapon to allow the separation of the elements of the launcher. However, it is difficult to develop a joint annular seal capable of breaking without disturbing the separation of the launcher elements and the trajectory of the projectile.

De plus, l'étanchéité lors du stockage ou de la manipulation par l'utilisateur dans des conditions de chaleur ou d'humidité importantes, est délicate à obtenir, en particulier dans le cas des munitions du type balle flèche sous-calibrée.In addition, tightness during storage or handling by the user under heat conditions or humidity is difficult to obtain, in particular in the case of ammunition of the sub-calibrated arrow bullet type.

La présente invention a précisément pour objet un lanceur à étanchéité améliorée pour munitions du type comportant un lanceur associé à un sous-projectile sur lequel il peut s'adapter, comprenant un ou plusieurs éléments et au moins un joint d'étanchéité périphérique.The present invention specifically relates to a launcher with improved sealing for ammunition of the type comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile on which it can adapt, comprising one or more elements and at least one peripheral seal.

L'invention a également pour objet un lanceur pour munitions du type comportant un lanceur associé à un sous-projectile sur lequel il peut s'adapter, procurant à la fois une étanchéité améliorée vis-à-vis des gaz de combustion et une réduction du choc en recul de l'arme.The invention also relates to a launcher for ammunition of the type comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile to which it can adapt, providing both improved seal against combustion gases and reduction of the recoil shock of the weapon.

L'invention a encore pour objet une balle complète constituée par un projectile sous-calibré associé à un lanceur, et comportant un joint d'étanchéité optimisé.The invention also relates to a complete bullet constituted by an under-calibrated projectile associated with a launcher, and comprising an optimized seal.

Le lanceur suivant la présente invention se distingue en ce qu'il comporte au moins un joint d'étanchéité ceinturant de manière continue la face externe et la face interne de chaque élément, chaque joint étant constitué de préférence d'une seule pièce.The launcher according to the present invention is distinguished by what it includes at least one seal around continuously the external face and the internal face of each element, each joint preferably consisting of a single piece.

Suivant une forme préférentielle de réalisation, la paroi de chaque élément du lanceur est traversée par une ou plusieurs perforations assurant la solidarisation du joint, et le lanceur de l'invention comprend de préférence au moins deux éléments séparables.According to a preferred embodiment, the wall of each element of the launcher is crossed by one or several perforations ensuring the joining of the joint, and the launcher of the invention preferably comprises at least two separable elements.

Plus particulièrement, le joint recouvre au moins en partie non seulement la face externe, mais aussi la face interne et le chant du plan de jonction de chaque élément de lanceur, et il a une épaisseur telle qu'il dépasse au-delà de la surface externe, de la surface interne, et du plan de jonction, d'une distance comprise entre 0 et 1 mm, et de préférence entre 0,1 et 0,5 mm dans le cas des munitions de chasse.More particularly, the seal covers at least in part not only the outer face but also the face internal and singing of the junction plane of each element of launcher, and it has a thickness such that it exceeds beyond the outer surface, the inner surface, and the junction plane, from a distance between 0 and 1 mm, and preferably between 0.1 and 0.5 mm in the case of hunting ammunition.

Le joint peut être formé sur chaque élément du lanceur par moulage en un matériau souple choisi parmi les caoutchoucs naturels ou artificiels, et par exemple en caoutchouc vulcanisable ou en élastomère thermoplastique, présentant de préférence une excellente adhérence sur la matière constituant le lanceur, et contenant le cas échéant des charges usuelles destinées à en améliorer les propriétés mécaniques, par exemple un agent anti-ultraviolet améliorant la résistance au vieillissement ou un agent lubrifiant destiné à faciliter le glissement contre la paroi du tube de l'arme. La dureté du caoutchouc utilisé est choisie en fonction des conditions d'utilisation, et elle est généralement comprise entre 20 et 120 (dureté Shore), et de préférence entre 50 et 90.The seal can be formed on each element of the launcher by molding in a flexible material chosen from rubbers natural or artificial, for example of vulcanizable rubber or in thermoplastic elastomer, preferably having excellent adhesion to the material constituting the launcher, and where appropriate containing usual charges intended to improve its mechanical properties, for example an anti-ultraviolet agent improving resistance to aging agent or a lubricating agent intended to facilitate sliding against the wall of the barrel. The hardness of rubber used is chosen according to conditions of use, and it is generally between 20 and 120 (Shore hardness), and preferably between 50 and 90.

Afin d'assurer une parfaite solidarisation du joint et de l'élément du lanceur sur lequel il est fixé, la paroi de chaque élément est traversée par une ou plusieurs perforations laissant passer la matière lors du moulage du joint.In order to ensure perfect joining of the joint and the element of the launcher on which it is fixed, the wall of each element is crossed by one or more perforations letting the material pass during the molding of the joint.

Bien entendu, il est possible de prévoir un seul joint par élément de lanceur, ou plusieurs joints disposés séparément sur le même élément, par exemple un premier joint sur la partie avant et un deuxième joint sur la partie arrière de l'élément.Of course, it is possible to provide a single joint per launcher element, or several seals arranged separately on the same element, for example a first joint on the front part and a second seal on the rear part of item.

Le joint disposé sur la partie arrière de l'élément de lanceur comporte de préférence un opercule annulaire obturant l'espace entre le lanceur et la paroi interne de la douille, délimitant une chambre annulaire externe au voisinage immédiat de la charge. Lors de la mise à feu et de la phase propulsive, sous l'action de la montée en pression des gaz de combustion, cet opercule se déforme, provoquant la mise en communication de la chambre contenant la charge avec la chambre annulaire externe, et permettant ainsi la détente des gaz. Il en résulte une réduction du choc en recul ressenti par l'utilisateur de l'arme, ainsi qu'une optimisation de la vitesse de combustion de la poudre.The seal on the rear of the element launcher preferably includes an annular sealing cap the space between the launcher and the internal wall of the socket, delimiting an external annular chamber in the immediate vicinity of the load. During the ignition and the propulsive phase, under the action of the increase in pressure of the combustion gases, this cover deforms, causing communication of the chamber containing the charge with the annular chamber external, and thus allowing the expansion of the gases. The result a reduction in the recoil shock felt by the user of the weapon, as well as an optimization of the combustion speed powder.

Lorsque le lanceur comporte un seul joint, celui-ci est placé de préférence sur la partie avant de chaque élément. En effet, les essais effectués avec les munitions conformes à l'invention ont montré que cette disposition facilite les opérations d'encartouchage.When the launcher has only one joint, it is preferably placed on the front of each element. In Indeed, the tests carried out with ammunition conforming to the invention have shown that this arrangement facilitates Cartoning operations.

Par "partie avant" au sens de l'invention, on entend la zone constituée approximativement par la moitié du lanceur se trouvant vers l'avant du projectile. Le joint conforme à la présente invention est placé de préférence dans cette partie avant, et plus préférentiellement à une distance du bord avant du lanceur représentant moins de 30% de la longueur du lanceur.By "front part" within the meaning of the invention means the area consisting approximately of half of the launcher is finding forward of the projectile. The seal conforms to the present invention is preferably placed in this part front, and more preferably at a distance from the front edge of the launcher representing less than 30% of the length of the launcher.

En particulier, dans le cas d'un joint unique optimisé, disposé en partie avant, il est possible de réunir les éléments du lanceur de manière à obtenir un lanceur monobloc ou équivalent, comportant un joint d'étanchéité dans la partie avant, à proximité de son extrémité avant. Cette position du joint peut paraítre surprenante compte tenu des techniques connues usuelles en la matière, où les systèmes d'étanchéité, de formes diverses, sont toujours placés dans la partie arrière du lanceur ou du projectile, au niveau du cône de forcement, afin de limiter les problèmes de mise à poste des munitions.In particular, in the case of an optimized single joint, arranged at the front, it is possible to combine the elements of the launcher so as to obtain a monobloc launcher or equivalent, having a seal in the part front, near its front end. This position of joint may seem surprising given the techniques known in the art, where the sealing systems, of various shapes, are always placed in the part rear of the launcher or projectile, at the level of the cone of necessarily, in order to limit the problems of postage of ammunition.

Suivant une variante conforme à l'invention, la partie du lanceur se trouvant en avant du joint peut être indépendante de l'autre partie. Dans le cas d'un lanceur cylindrique, celui-ci est alors constitué de deux éléments cylindriques disposés longitudinalement sur le même axe et séparés par le joint d'étanchéité fixé sur le bord de l'un des deux éléments.According to a variant according to the invention, the part of the launcher located in front of the joint can be independent on the other side. In the case of a cylindrical launcher, this then consists of two cylindrical elements arranged longitudinally on the same axis and separated by the seal attached to the edge of one of the two elements.

Suivant une autre variante de l'invention, le joint est disposé à l'extrémité avant du lanceur, dont il enveloppe la face frontale, celle-ci comportant de préférence des échancrures transversales facilitant l'accrochage du joint sur le lanceur et l'assemblage des éléments lorsque le lanceur est en deux ou plusieurs éléments.According to another variant of the invention, the seal is disposed at the front end of the launcher, of which it envelops the front face, this preferably comprising notches transversal facilitating the attachment of the joint on the launcher and the assembly of the elements when the launcher is in two or more elements.

Le lanceur à étanchéité améliorée conforme à la présente invention peut être réalisé en métal ou en alliage métallique, par exemple en alliage d'aluminium, ou encore en matière plastique fabriquée par moulage ou par injection, par exemple en polyamide.The improved waterproof launcher in accordance with this invention can be made of metal or a metal alloy, for example aluminum alloy, or plastic manufactured by molding or injection, for example in polyamide.

L'invention concerne aussi un procédé permettant de fabriquer un lanceur à étanchéité améliorée pour munitions du type comportant un lanceur associé à un sous-projectile, comprenant un ou plusieurs éléments comportant chacun un joint d'étanchéité souple intégré.The invention also relates to a method for manufacture a launcher with improved sealing for ammunition of the type comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile, comprising one or more elements each comprising a seal integrated soft seal.

Conformément au procédé suivant la présente invention, on effectue un surmoulage par injection d'élastomère thermoplastique ou de caoutchouc vulcanisable directement sur chaque élément du lanceur, sur une partie de la paroi du lanceur traversée par des perforations.In accordance with the process according to the present invention, it is performs overmolding by injection of thermoplastic elastomer or vulcanizable rubber directly on each launcher element, on part of the launcher wall crossed by perforations.

Le dispositif conforme à la présente invention est applicable dans toutes munitions, de petit, moyen ou gros calibre, du type comportant un projectile sous-calibré, par exemple une balle sous-calibrée, et un lanceur constitué d'un ou plusieurs éléments séparables, dans le domaine des armes de chasse, de sport ou d'entraínement, et de préférence dans celui des armes de chasse.The device according to the present invention is applicable in all ammunition, small, medium or large caliber, of the type comprising an under-calibrated projectile, for example a undersized ball, and a launcher made up of one or more separable elements, in the field of hunting weapons, of sport or training, and preferably in that of weapons of hunting.

Ce dispositif est inséré dans un ensemble constitué par une cartouche, qui se compose de :

  • une douille amorcée;
  • une charge de poudre propulsive;
  • une balle complète comprenant un lanceur selon l'invention, au calibre de l'arme, et une balle sous-calibrée.
This device is inserted in an assembly constituted by a cartridge, which consists of:
  • a primed socket;
  • a charge of propellant powder;
  • a complete bullet comprising a launcher according to the invention, with the caliber of the weapon, and a sub-calibrated bullet.

Outre une excellente étanchéité statique de la cartouche lors du stockage et de la manipulation, et une excellente étanchéité dynamique aux gaz propulsifs lors de la mise à feu, la présente invention procure l'avantage de diminuer l'écart-type de pression et de vitesse, et par conséquent de diminuer la dispersion du tir. De plus, on ne constate aucune perturbation de la trajectoire du sous-projectile.Besides an excellent static seal of the cartridge during storage and handling, and excellent dynamic seal against propellant gas during ignition, the present invention provides the advantage of reducing the standard deviation pressure and speed, and therefore decrease the dispersion of the shot. In addition, there is no disturbance of the trajectory of the sub-projectile.

Les diverses caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaítront plus clairement dans la description ci-après relative à des formes préférentielles de réalisation, en référence aux dessins annexés, qui représentent :The various features and advantages of this invention will appear more clearly in the description below relating to preferred embodiments, in reference to the accompanying drawings, which represent:

Figure 1 : une vue en demi-coupe d'une balle complète, comprenant une balle sous-calibrée et un lanceur à étanchéité améliorée conforme à l'invention.Figure 1: a half-section view of a complete bale, including an undersized bullet and a waterproof launcher improved according to the invention.

Figure 2 : une vue en demi-coupe montrant une deuxième forme de réalisation du lanceur suivant l'invention, comportant un joint d'étanchéité en partie arrière.Figure 2: a half-section view showing a second embodiment of the launcher according to the invention, comprising a seal at the rear.

Figure 3 : une vue en demi-coupe montrant une autre forme de réalisation du lanceur suivant l'invention, comportant un joint d'étanchéité en partie avant.Figure 3: a half-section view showing another shape of the launcher according to the invention, comprising a gasket in front.

Figure 4 : une vue en demi-coupe montrant une autre forme de réalisation du lanceur suivant l'invention, comportant deux joints d'étanchéité.Figure 4: a half-section view showing another shape of the launcher according to the invention, comprising two seals.

Figure 5a : une vue de face d'une variante de lanceur de l'invention comportant un joint en partie avant, correspondant à la forme de réalisation de la Figure 5b.Figure 5a: a front view of a variant launcher of the invention comprising a seal in the front part, corresponding to the embodiment of Figure 5b.

Figure 5b : une vue partielle en coupe suivant A-A du lanceur de la Figure 5a. Figure 5b: a partial sectional view along A-A of Figure 5a launcher.

La Figure 1 représente, en demi-vue, une cartouche comprenant un élément de lanceur (1) de forme sensiblement hémicylindrique, une douille (2), une amorce (3) et une charge propulsive (4). La forme de la paroi interne du lanceur (1) est destinée à s'adapter de manière connue sur le corps de la balle sous-calibrée (5) du type balle-flèche. A cet effet, la face interne du lanceur comporte des adents (6) coopérant avec des rainures (7) formées sur le corps de la balle (5).Figure 1 shows, in half-view, a cartridge comprising a launcher element (1) of substantially shaped semi-cylindrical, a socket (2), a primer (3) and a charge propellant (4). The shape of the inner wall of the launcher (1) is intended to fit in a known manner on the body of the sub-calibrated bullet (5) of the arrow-bullet type. To this end, the inner face of the launcher has teeth (6) cooperating with grooves (7) formed on the body of the ball (5).

Le lanceur présente sur sa face externe des gorges annulaires de section sensiblement semi-circulaire (8 et 9) formant gorges de décompression, et limitant la surface de frottement dans le tube de l'arme.The launcher has annular grooves on its external face of substantially semi-circular section (8 and 9) forming decompression grooves, and limiting the surface of friction in the barrel of the weapon.

La partie avant (10) du lanceur comporte une surface interne conique (11) de diamètre s'élargissant de l'arrière vers l'avant, afin de faciliter la séparation de l'élément de lanceur sous l'effet des forces aérodynamiques s'exerçant à la sortie du tube de l'arme.The front part (10) of the launcher has a surface internal conical (11) diameter widening from the rear forward, to facilitate separation of the element from launcher under the effect of aerodynamic forces exerted at the out of the barrel.

La partie arrière (12) comporte une jupe annulaire (13) ainsi qu'une gorge (14), au niveau du raccordement avec le corps de l'élément de lanceur. La jupe (13) est traversée par deux séries de perforations (15) disposées dans un plan transversal, chaque série pouvant comporter par exemple 3 ou 4 perforations dans la paroi du lanceur.The rear part (12) has an annular skirt (13) as well as a groove (14), at the connection with the body of the launcher element. The skirt (13) is crossed by two series of perforations (15) arranged in a transverse plane, each series can include for example 3 or 4 perforations in the wall of the launcher.

Comme le montre la Figure 1, la jupe annulaire (13) est tronquée à ses deux extrémités de telle sorte que sa section ne soit pas tout à fait hémicirculaire mais couvre un arc de cercle d'environ 170°; ainsi les deux éléments de lanceur (1) mis en place ne sont pas jointifs par les bords de leurs jupes annulaires respectives (13) mais un espace est ménagé entre elles, dans lequel prend place le joint d'étanchéité comme indiqué ci-après.As shown in Figure 1, the annular skirt (13) is truncated at both ends so that its cross-section is not entirely semicircular but covers an arc of circle of about 170 °; thus the two launcher elements (1) set up are not joined by the edges of their skirts respective annulars (13) but a space is provided between them, in which the seal takes place as shown below.

Le joint d'étanchéité (16) enveloppe toute la jupe annulaire (13) et la gorge (14), et le caoutchouc naturel ou artificiel qui le constitue remplit les perforations (15) traversant la paroi. Il dépasse légèrement au-delà de la surface externe du lanceur (1), au-dessus de la gorge (14) pour assurer l'étanchéité, d'une part avec la paroi de la douille, empêchant toute infiltration des gaz générés par la combustion de la charge propulsive (4), d'autre part avec la paroi interne du tube, après mise à feu. Le joint (16) dépasse aussi légèrement au-delà du plan de jonction des éléments de lanceur, de telle sorte que les deux éléments de lanceur une fois assemblés, soient jointifs par leur joints d'étanchéité (16) respectifs qui sont fortement comprimés l'un contre l'autre. Le dépassement au-delà de la surface externe et au-delà du plan de jonction est de l'ordre de 0,3 à 0,5 mm dans le cas de munitions de chasse.The seal (16) envelops the entire annular skirt (13) and the throat (14), and natural or artificial rubber which constitutes it fills the perforations (15) passing through Wall. It protrudes slightly beyond the surface external of the launcher (1), above the groove (14) to ensure sealing on the one hand with the wall of the socket, preventing any infiltration of gases generated by combustion propellant charge (4), on the other hand with the wall internal of the tube, after firing. The seal (16) also protrudes slightly beyond the junction plane of the elements of launcher, so that the two launcher elements one once assembled, be joined by their seals (16) which are strongly compressed against each other. The overshoot beyond the outer surface and beyond of the junction plane is of the order of 0.3 to 0.5 mm in the case hunting ammunition.

La forme de réalisation représentée sur la Figure 2 est une variante du lanceur de la Figure 1 où le joint d'étanchéité (17) est formé dans une gorge annulaire (18) dont le fond est percé par des ouvertures (19) traversant toute la paroi de l'élément (1) du lanceur. Comme le montre la Figure 2, le joint d'étanchéité (17) enveloppe totalement l'élément de lanceur (1) et possède un bord (17a) dépassant dans le plan de jonction des deux éléments de lanceur.The embodiment shown in Figure 2 is a variant of the launcher in Figure 1 where the seal (17) is formed in an annular groove (18) whose bottom is pierced by openings (19) passing through the entire wall of the element (1) of the launcher. As shown in Figure 2, the seal (17) completely envelops the element launcher (1) and has an edge (17a) projecting in the plane of junction of the two launcher elements.

Dans la forme de réalisation représentée sur la Figure 3, chaque élément de lanceur (1) comporte un joint d'étanchéité (20) mis en place dans une gorge (21) prévue dans la partie avant du lanceur. Cette gorge est percée par une série de perforations (22) traversant la paroi du lanceur, assurant la formation du joint également sur la paroi interne du lanceur. Le joint (21) présente une forme légèrement aplatie assurant un bon contact d'étanchéité avec la paroi de la douille et la paroi interne du tube, dans la phase de lancement.In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, each launcher element (1) has a seal (20) placed in a groove (21) provided in the part front of the launcher. This groove is pierced by a series of perforations (22) passing through the wall of the launcher, ensuring the formation of the seal also on the internal wall of the launcher. The seal (21) has a slightly flattened shape ensuring good sealing contact with the wall of the socket and the inner wall of the tube, in the launch phase.

La variante de lanceur à étanchéité améliorée représentée sur la Figure 4 comprend deux joints d'étanchéité, l'un (16) identique à celui de la Figure 1, disposé sur la partie arrière de l'élément (1) du lanceur, l'autre (20) formé par surmoulage dans la gorge annulaire (21) se trouvant dans la partie avant du lanceur. Comme sur la Figure 3, le fond de cette gorge (21) comporte une série de perforations (22) traversant l'épaisseur de la paroi, et facilitant le surmoulage de l'élastomère thermoplastique ou du caoutchouc vulcanisable qui remplit toute la gorge annulaire (21) sur toute sa longueur, pénètre dans les perforations (22) et enveloppe le lanceur dans le plan de cette gorge. The improved waterproof launcher variant shown in Figure 4 includes two seals, one (16) identical to that of Figure 1, arranged on the part rear of the element (1) of the launcher, the other (20) formed by overmolding in the annular groove (21) located in the front part of the launcher. As in Figure 3, the bottom of this groove (21) has a series of perforations (22) crossing the thickness of the wall, and facilitating overmolding thermoplastic elastomer or vulcanizable rubber which fills the entire annular groove (21) over its entire length, enters the perforations (22) and envelops the launcher in the plane of this gorge.

Pour améliorer l'étanchéité, un opercule (23) peut être prévu sur le joint (16). Cet opercule est de préférence formé par moulage du joint en élastomère thermoplastique ou en caoutchouc vulcanisable et en fait partie intégrante. Sa hauteur est telle que le bord périphérique de l'opercule (23) soit en contact avec la paroi interne de la douille (2) lorsque la balle est mise en place dans la cartouche. De plus, cet opercule (23) définit avec le joint (16) et la paroi de la douille une chambre annulaire externe qui se trouve au voisinage immédiat de la charge propulsive. Lors de la mise à feu, sous l'action de la pression des gaz de combustion, l'opercule (23) se déforme, provoquant alors la mise en communication de la chambre contenant la charge avec la chambre annulaire externe, et permettant ainsi la détente des gaz. Ceci assure une réduction du choc en recul ressenti par l'utilisateur de l'arme.To improve sealing, a cover (23) can be provided on the seal (16). This cover is preferably formed by molding the seal in thermoplastic elastomer or vulcanizable rubber and an integral part thereof. Her height is such that the peripheral edge of the cover (23) either in contact with the internal wall of the socket (2) when the bullet is placed in the cartridge. Moreover, this cover (23) defines with the seal (16) and the wall of the socket an external annular chamber which is in the vicinity immediate propellant charge. When firing, under the action of the pressure of the combustion gases, the cover (23) deforms, causing the communication of the chamber containing the charge with the annular chamber external, and thus allowing the expansion of the gases. This ensures a reduction in the recoil shock felt by the user of tear.

La variante de réalisation représentée sur les Figures 5a et 5b comprend le même élément de lanceur (1) que sur les Figures précédentes, mais le joint d'étanchéité (24) est fixé à l'extrémité avant du lanceur (1), sur sa partie frontale qu'il enveloppe en la recouvrant partiellement. A cet effet, la partie frontale de l'élément (1) comprend une nervure annulaire (25) traversée par plusieurs perforations, ainsi que trois échancrures (26, 27, 28) transversales, destinées à renforcer l'accrochage du joint d'étanchéité (24) en caoutchouc naturel ou artificiel sur l'élément (1) du lanceur. Le joint (24) recouvre totalement les trois échancrures mais laisse apparente la face avant élargie de la nervure (25).The variant embodiment shown in Figures 5a and 5b comprises the same launcher element (1) as on the Previous figures, but the seal (24) is fixed at the front end of the launcher (1), on its front part that it envelops by partially covering it. To this end, the front part of the element (1) comprises an annular rib (25) crossed by several perforations, as well as three transverse notches (26, 27, 28), intended for reinforce the attachment of the rubber seal (24) natural or artificial on the element (1) of the launcher. The seal (24) completely covers the three notches but leaves the enlarged front face of the rib (25) visible.

Comme le montre la Figure Sa, une échancrure (26) est prévue dans la partie centrale de la partie frontale de l'élément (1) et les deux autres échancrures (27, 28) sont prévues à chacune des deux extrémités.As shown in Figure Sa, a notch (26) is provided in the central part of the front part of the element (1) and the other two notches (27, 28) are provided at each of the two ends.

Comme le montrent les Figures 5a et 5b, le joint (24) remplit totalement le volume des échancrures (26, 27, 28) et déborde légèrement au-delà des surfaces extérieure et intérieure de l'élément (1) et dans le plan de jonction de deux éléments (1) afin d'assurer une bonne étanchéité à la fois dans la douille de la cartouche, et dans le tube de l'arme après mise à feu.As shown in Figures 5a and 5b, the seal (24) completely fills the volume of the notches (26, 27, 28) and protrudes slightly beyond the exterior and interior surfaces of element (1) and in the junction plane of two elements (1) to ensure a good seal at the same time in the cartridge case, and in the barrel after firing.

Claims (14)

  1. Launcher for munitions of the type comprising a launcher (1) associated with a subprojectile (5), onto which it can be fitted, comprising one or more separable elements and at least one seal, characterized in that it comprises at least one seal (16, 17, 20) continuously girdling the external face and the internal face of each element.
  2. Launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more perforations (15, 19, 22) pass through the wall of each element, thus ensuring the fixing of the seal.
  3. Launcher according to either one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises at least two separable elements.
  4. Launcher according to claim 3, characterized in that the seal covers at least partially the internal face, the external face and the edge of the joining plane of each launcher element.
  5. Launcher according to claim 4, characterized in that the seal projects beyond the external face, the internal face and the joining plane at a distance of between 0 and 1 mm.
  6. Launcher according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the seal is formed by molding from a flexible material selected from natural or synthetic rubbers.
  7. Launcher according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the seal (16) arranged on the rear part of the launcher element comprises a transverse cap (23) shutting off the space between the launcher and the internal wall of the case and delimiting an external annular chamber in the immediate vicinity of the charge.
  8. Launcher according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each element comprises a seal (20) arranged on its front part.
  9. Launcher according to claim 8, characterized in that the seal (24) surrounds the front face of the launcher.
  10. Launcher according to claim 9, characterized in that it has transverse indentations (26, 27, 28) on its front face.
  11. Launcher according to claim 8, characterized in that it consists of a single element comprising a seal in the front part.
  12. Launcher according to claim 3, characterized in that it consists of two identical elements arranged symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis.
  13. Launcher according to claim 6, characterized in that the seal is produced from thermoplastic elastomer or vulcanizable rubber, and in that the launcher is made of polyamide.
  14. Method for manufacturing a launcher for munitions according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that thermoplastic elastomer or vulcanizable rubber is injection molded directly onto each element of the launcher, on a part of the wall of the launcher through which perforations pass.
EP98947606A 1997-10-13 1998-10-06 Launcher with enhanced tightness for ammunitions comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile Expired - Lifetime EP1023573B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9712754 1997-10-13
FR9712754A FR2769700B1 (en) 1997-10-13 1997-10-13 IMPROVED SEALING LAUNCHER FOR AMMUNITION OF THE TYPE COMPRISING A LAUNCHER ASSOCIATED WITH A SUB-PROJECTILE
PCT/FR1998/002127 WO1999019685A1 (en) 1997-10-13 1998-10-06 Launcher with enhanced tightness for ammunitions comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1023573A1 EP1023573A1 (en) 2000-08-02
EP1023573B1 true EP1023573B1 (en) 2002-01-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98947606A Expired - Lifetime EP1023573B1 (en) 1997-10-13 1998-10-06 Launcher with enhanced tightness for ammunitions comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1023573B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE211539T1 (en)
AU (1) AU9446198A (en)
CA (1) CA2305549C (en)
DE (1) DE69803401T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2169927T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2769700B1 (en)
PT (1) PT1023573E (en)
WO (1) WO1999019685A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2672814A (en) * 1949-10-07 1954-03-23 Schlumberger Well Surv Corp Fluid sealing and burr elimination projectile for perforator guns
US4187783A (en) * 1978-03-13 1980-02-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Discarding sabot munition
FR2555728B1 (en) 1983-11-29 1987-03-20 Sauvestre Jean Claude HUNTING WEAPON AMMUNITION
DE3617415C2 (en) * 1986-05-23 1995-09-07 Mauser Werke Oberndorf Sub-caliber sabot bullet
FR2606500B1 (en) 1986-06-05 1990-07-06 Sauvestre Jean Claude HUNTING AMMUNITION WITH INCREASED COMBUSTION VOLUME
FR2599828B1 (en) 1986-06-05 1990-08-24 Sauvestre Jean Claude SMALL OR MEDIUM CALIBER AMMUNITION WITH IMPROVED EFFICIENCY AND LIMITED RANGE, ESPECIALLY FOR HUNTING
FR2662241B1 (en) * 1990-05-19 1994-09-23 Sauvestre Jean Claude TANDEM LAUNCHING SYSTEM WITH CENTRAL SEALING.
FR2708730B1 (en) * 1993-08-06 1995-10-20 Sauvestre Jean Claude Launcher with controlled separation of elements for ammunition.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69803401T2 (en) 2002-08-01
FR2769700B1 (en) 1999-12-24
ES2169927T3 (en) 2002-07-16
WO1999019685A1 (en) 1999-04-22
AU9446198A (en) 1999-05-03
DE69803401D1 (en) 2002-02-28
EP1023573A1 (en) 2000-08-02
FR2769700A1 (en) 1999-04-16
CA2305549A1 (en) 1999-04-22
PT1023573E (en) 2002-06-28
CA2305549C (en) 2007-06-05
ATE211539T1 (en) 2002-01-15

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