EP1019693B1 - Schablone zum entwurf von personensitzen - Google Patents

Schablone zum entwurf von personensitzen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1019693B1
EP1019693B1 EP98940883A EP98940883A EP1019693B1 EP 1019693 B1 EP1019693 B1 EP 1019693B1 EP 98940883 A EP98940883 A EP 98940883A EP 98940883 A EP98940883 A EP 98940883A EP 1019693 B1 EP1019693 B1 EP 1019693B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
seat
torso
percentile
posture
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP98940883A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1019693A1 (de
EP1019693A4 (de
Inventor
Herbert M. Reynolds
Robert Kerr
Raymond Brodeur
Khaldoun Rayes
Douglas Neal
Yuntao Cui
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Michigan State University MSU
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Michigan State University MSU
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Priority claimed from US08/949,213 external-priority patent/US6840125B1/en
Application filed by Michigan State University MSU filed Critical Michigan State University MSU
Publication of EP1019693A1 publication Critical patent/EP1019693A1/de
Publication of EP1019693A4 publication Critical patent/EP1019693A4/de
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Publication of EP1019693B1 publication Critical patent/EP1019693B1/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C31/00—Details or accessories for chairs, beds, or the like, not provided for in other groups of this subclass, e.g. upholstery fasteners, mattress protectors, stretching devices for mattress nets
    • A47C31/12—Means, e.g. measuring means for adapting chairs, beds or mattresses to the shape or weight of persons
    • A47C31/126—Means, e.g. measuring means for adapting chairs, beds or mattresses to the shape or weight of persons for chairs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to two-dimensional templates and, more particularly, to a two-dimensional design template used for designing, evaluating and measuring human occupant accommodation and seating in a seated environment.
  • Automotive vehicle seats have three primary functions: (1) position occupant for the driving task; (2) support comfortable healthy sitting postures; and (3) protect occupant upon vehicle impact.
  • a deformable pad on a mechanically adjustable seat frame accomplishes the first function and the second function is accomplished through the geometrical and mechanical properties of the deformable pad composed of padding, suspension and upholstery.
  • the third function is accomplished by seat and restraint systems to restrain the occupant during a vehicle impact.
  • the first two functions determine the greatest portion of the occupant's perceived level of comfort.
  • Position has been considered a primary determinant of occupant comfort and posture has been relegated to the occupant's ability to adapt to the vehicle environment.
  • a major function of seat position and its supporting surfaces is, however, to support the occupant's posture.
  • the point of greatest deflection in the deformable pad or seat cushion is defined on the thigh segment which means that the location of this point is dependent upon thigh angle.
  • the greatest deflection in the seat cushion is under the pelvis and is defined by the position and posture of the torso.
  • Another disadvantage with the above tool for use as a seat design tool is the posture of the torso in the above tool is undefined. Since the above tool was built from measurements of men sitting in a bench seat, it is reasonable to assume that the posture is slouched. Current seats are built with the intent of supporting a healthy erect posture in the back. The above tool does not provide any information regarding the location of the anatomical structures that define this posture.
  • the contour of the interface between occupant and seat does not have contours that represent the deformed centerline contour of the occupant/seat interface.
  • US5483825 discloses an apparatus for measuring the performance of an accelerator pedal of a motor vehicle comprising a torso portion connected via a hip portion to a leg.
  • the leg has a knee joint and an ankle joint connecting the leg to a foot.
  • Various transducers and angular scales are located on the respective joints to measure certain performance characteristics of the accelerator pedal such as force for operating the pedal and foot angle whilst operating the pedal.
  • US5456019 discloses a method and apparatus for locating the coordinates of a vehicle seat hip pivot axis, or H-point.
  • the apparatus comprises a measuring device slidably mounted on a base assembly, the measuring device having a telescopic pointer for determining the H-point.
  • a vehicle seat is supported on the base assembly, and a weighted manikin having an H-point indicator is placed in the seat. The measuring device is then used to determine the H-point for that seat.
  • US4669302 discloses an apparatus for measuring the shape and contour of a mattress under a load.
  • the apparatus comprises a humanoid dummy having moveable joints. Sensors are located on the joints such that when the dummy is placed on a mattress, deflection occurs at the joints and the sensors provide an indication of the shape or contour of the mattress by correlation of the relative movement that occurs at the joints.
  • a design template is provided to design, evaluate and measure vehicle occupant accommodation.
  • a design template is provided to represent the occupant that incorporates posture as part of their geometric representation of the occupant.
  • the design template correctly represents the anatomy, biomechanics, and anthropometry of typical human occupants and is simple to use.
  • the design template accurately defines the contact contours between the occupant and seat.
  • a seat can be designed with the design template to provide support and comfort to a human body occupant.
  • the design template can be used to design an occupant restraint system for a seat.
  • the design template can be used to establish occupant accommodation criteria in a vehicle package based on a predetermined class of vehicles.
  • a design template 10 is illustrated in operational relationship with a seat, generally indicated at 12, of an automotive vehicle (not shown).
  • the automotive vehicle includes a floor pan 14 which includes a toe pan or toe board 16 adjacent to a front end thereof.
  • the seat 12 is mounted on the floor pan 14 by suitable adjustable mounting mechanisms (not shown).
  • the seat 12 includes a seat cushion 18 to primarily support a torso weight under an ischium of a human body occupant and a weight of a thigh of the human body occupant and a seat back 20 to support a back of the human body occupant primarily in a thoracic and lumbar regions of the human body occupant. It should be appreciated that the design of the seat cushion 18 and seat back 20 will be in accordance with the design template 10 to resiliently and comfortably support the human body occupant when seated thereon.
  • the design template 10 is used to design the seat 12.
  • the design template 10 includes at least one torso section 22.
  • the torso sections 22 are dimensionally accurate to simulate or represent body size of a human male who is 95 th percentile in weight and stature, a human male who is 50 th percentile in weight and stature or a human female who is 5 th percentile in weight and stature. It should be appreciated that the 5 th percentile female represents the smallest body size while the 95 th percentile male represents the largest body size.
  • the development of the design template 10 has relied upon the U.S. Public Health Service for height and weight description of the general population and the U.S. military for the anthropometric dimensions of the human body that are used in ergonomic design.
  • Anthropometric surveys measure people in standardized sitting and standing postures. Since the purpose of the design template 10 is to represent the human body in anatomically and biomechanically correct sitting postures, additional data had to be collected that would describe the sitting posture of the human body.
  • Sitting posture is primarily a function of torso posture. As a result, an investigation was conducted of torso back shape in different sitting postures.
  • the results can be divided into two parts: 1) the size and shape of the torso sections 22 and 2) the size and shape of the leg sections (thigh sections 44, calf sections 52 and shoe sections 62 to be described).
  • the human body was divided into three sizes: small female, average male and large male.
  • the torso was divided into three shapes representing three postures: ERECT, NEUTRAL and SLUMPED.
  • the human body sizes were defined by anthropometric dimensions and regression equations that describe the relationships between the dimensions.
  • the torso shapes were mathematically defined from measurements of subjects in five positions.
  • Subjects were used to define the three postures if they had back curvatures within mathematically prescribed limits that define ERECT (lumbar extension with a relative curvature greater than 0.6 radians per spine height), NEUTRAL (straight lumbar spine with a relative curvature between +0.6 and -0.6 radians per spine height) and SLUMPED (lumbar flexion with a relative curvature less than -0.6 radians per spine height).
  • ERECT lumbar extension with a relative curvature greater than 0.6 radians per spine height
  • NEUTRAL straight lumbar spine with a relative curvature between +0.6 and -0.6 radians per spine height
  • SLUMPED lumbar flexion with a relative curvature less than -0.6 radians per spine height
  • the pelvis in both males and females is based upon the average pelvis from an FAA pelvic study by Reynolds in 1982.
  • the 95 th percentile male pelvis is scaled up from the average male pelvis and the 5 th percentile female pelvis is scaled down from the average female pelvis.
  • the position of the pelvis was measured in each posture described above.
  • the three-dimensional coordinates that describe the average pelvis in the FAA skeletal data base are rotated to the same pelvic orientation as the pelvis position in the measured subjects.
  • the size of the pelvis was scaled to equal the pelvis size of the subjects in the NEUTRAL posture as represented by the distance between the Ischial Tuberosity and S1.
  • the resulting skeletal data are optimally matched for position and size in the measured laboratory subjects.
  • the spine was attached at S1 after correcting for tissue thickness in the pelvis and back.
  • leg sections were defined for each of the three human body sizes: large male, average male and small female.
  • the definition came from anthropometric estimates of the distance between joint centers at the hip, knee and ankle, otherwise referred to as link lengths.
  • the depth of the sections was estimated from anthropometric equations that defined the relationship between human body weight and human body depth. These dimensions were used to assemble the thigh and calf sections to look like human segments for each of the three human body sizes.
  • the foot is assumed to be covered by an average shoe size for each of the respective human body sizes.
  • the small female shoe is a size six, the average and large male shoe sizes are ten and twelve, respectively.
  • the location of the ankle joint relative to the shoe was estimated from measurements of live people. It should be appreciated that the above was used to generate the design template 10.
  • the torso section 22 is for a 50 th percentile male with a NEUTRAL posture.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a torso section 22 for a 50 th percentile male with an ERECT posture.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a torso section 22 for a 50 th percentile male with a SLUMPED posture.
  • the torso section 22 can be for either the 95 th percentile male or 5 th percentile female with either one of a NEUTRAL, ERECT or SLUMPED posture. It is recommended that the seat design process begin with the NEUTRAL posture and proceed to accommodating the ERECT posture while the SLUMPED posture should be supported in every seat, but not encouraged.
  • the torso section 22 has an outer contour 23.
  • the outer contour 23 has an interface portion 23a conforming to a deformed shape between the seat 12 and a seated human body occupant.
  • the outer contour 23 also has an anterior portion 23b that is anthropometrically and anatomically correct.
  • the torso section 22 is made of any suitable media to represent the torso of a human body occupant.
  • the media may be electronic, paper, wood, plastic or the like.
  • the torso section 22 is a sheet of rigid material such as plastic.
  • the torso section 22 is preferably transparent.
  • the torso section 22 includes anatomical details located relative to each other and the interface contour 23a is located relative to the anatomical details.
  • the torso section 22 contains indicia of skeletal landmarks relative to a seated human body occupant.
  • the torso section 22 includes a shoulder joint 24 and a hip joint 26 and a line axis 28 connected therebetween.
  • the torso section 22 includes a centerline projection of a pelvis with indicia representing an ischial tuberosity, anterior superior iliac spine, pelvic symphysis and sacrum.
  • the torso section 22 also has a point I D ° 30 (FIG.
  • the torso section 22 also has spinal landmarks 34 marked along the entire length of the back thereof.
  • the spinal landmarks 34 are important for correctly placing the lumbar support and for adequate design of the chest support for the seat 12.
  • the spinal landmarks 34 are for the neck (cervical spine) indicating C7 at 34a, chest (thoracic spine) indicating T2, T4, T6, T8, T10, T12 at 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f and 34g, respectively, referred to as point S (FIG.
  • hip joint 26 is referred to as the H-point in SAE seat design practice.
  • the hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint connecting the thigh to the pelvis of a human body occupant.
  • anterior shape of the torso section 22 is anthropometrically and anatomically correct. It should further be appreciated that the location of the hip joint changes with posture.
  • the torso section 22 has indicia for the most anterior portion on the top of a pelvis of a human body occupant which is the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), point A 36 and a pubic symphysis, point P 38.
  • a lap belt to be described should cross below point A 36 and above point P 38.
  • the torso section 22 also has indicia for the shoulder joint 24, neck/shoulder junction, point N 40 and a suprasternal (top of sternum), point SS 42.
  • the shoulder strap should be below point N 40 and above shoulder joint 24.
  • the torso section 22 includes a first angular scale 43a for hip angle and a second angular scale 43b for torso angle.
  • a torso bar is connected to the torso section 22 on the hip joint 26 to shoulder joint axis 28, 205 mm from the hip joint 26 for all torso sections 22.
  • the torso bar is connected to the torso section 22 by a hinge such as a hollow bolt and nut 45b.
  • the angle on the second angular scale 43b indicates the angle between line axis 28 and vertical as defined by parallel indicia lines on the torso bar.
  • the first angular scale 43a has a range of 45° to 180° with a comfort range of 85° to 125°.
  • the second angular scale 43b has a range of -20° to 45° with a comfort range of 10° to 30°.
  • the design template 10 also includes at least one thigh section 44.
  • the thigh sections 44 are dimensionally accurate to simulate or represent human body size of the 95 th percentile male, 50 th percentile male and 5 th percentile female.
  • the thigh section 44 is made of any suitable media to represent the thigh of a human body occupant.
  • the media may be electronic, paper, wood, plastic or the like.
  • the thigh section 44 is a sheet of rigid material such as plastic.
  • the thigh section 44 is preferably transparent.
  • the thigh section 44 is connected to the torso section 22 at the hip joint 26 by a hinge such as a hollow bolt and nut 45a.
  • the thigh section 44 includes indicia of the hip joint 26 and a knee joint 46 and a line axis 48 therebetween.
  • the thigh section 44 also includes an angular scale 50 for knee angle and a pointer 51 for hip angle. It should be appreciated that the angular scale 50 for the knee angle has a range of 45° to 180° with a comfort range of 110° to 140°. It should also be appreciated that the pointer 51 indicates the angle on the first angular scale 43a for the angle between the line axis 48 and line axis 28.
  • the thigh section 44 has a deformed bottom contour 51a representing a change from hard bone tissue to soft muscle tissue in contact with the seat cushion 18.
  • the thigh section 44 and torso section 22 are geometrically congruent in a seated posture where they overlap on the seat cushion 18.
  • the design template 10 also includes at least one calf section 52.
  • the calf sections 52 are dimensionally accurate to simulate or represent human body size of the 95 th percentile male, 50 th percentile male and 5 th percentile female.
  • the calf section 52 is made of any suitable media to represent the calf of a human body occupant.
  • the media may be electronic, paper, wood, plastic or the like.
  • the calf section 52 is a sheet of rigid material such as plastic.
  • the calf section 52 is preferably transparent.
  • the calf section 52 is connected to the thigh section 44 at the knee joint 46 by a hinge such as a hollow bolt and nut 45c.
  • the calf section 52 includes indicia of the knee joint 46 and an ankle joint 54 and a line axis 56 therebetween.
  • the calf section 52 also includes indicia of a pointer 58 for knee angle and an angular scale 60 for ankle angle.
  • the calf section 52 and thigh section 44 are geometrically congruent in a seated posture where they overlap on anterior and superior contours.
  • the angular scale 60 for the ankle angle has a range of 70° to 160° with a comfort range of 85° to 115°.
  • the pointer 58 indicates the angle on the angular scale 50 for the angle of the knee between the line axis 48 and line axis 56.
  • the design template 10 further includes at least one shoe section 62.
  • the shoe sections 62 are dimensionally accurate to simulate or represent human shoe size of the 95 th percentile male, 50 th percentile male and 5 th percentile female.
  • the shoe section 62 is made of any suitable media to represent the shoe.
  • the media may be electronic, paper, wood, plastic or the like.
  • the shoe section 62 is a sheet of plastic material.
  • the shoe section 62 is preferably transparent.
  • the shoe section 62 is connected to the calf section 52 at the ankle joint 54 by a hinge such as a hollow bolt and nut 45d.
  • the shoe section 62 includes indicia for the ankle joint 54, a pointer 64 for the ankle angle and a line axis 65 from a ball of foot to heel of foot inside a shoe. It should be appreciated that the shoe section 62 has a heel. It should also be appreciated that the pointer 64 indicates the angle on the angular scale 60 for the angle of the ankle between the line axis 65 and line axis 56.
  • the torso section 22 contains indicia on the location of landmarks that define the optimal path of a lap belt and a shoulder belt of an occupant restraint system. It should be appreciated that this information is important for lap belt and shoulder belt attachment points relative to differences in the position of the seat 12 and human body occupant size.
  • the torso section 22 also has the indicia of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) 66.
  • the torso section 22 further has the indicia of an ASIS notch 68. It should be appreciated that the lap belt should lie below the ASIS 36 of the human body occupant to reduce chances for "submarining" (occupant sliding under the lap belt) in the event of a vehicle collision.
  • an occupant restraint system includes a lap belt anchored to vehicle structure such that it extends below the ASIS 36 and above the AIIS 66 for the design template 10 with the torso section 22 having the ERECT posture.
  • the occupant restraint system includes a shoulder belt 72 anchored to vehicle structure 74 such that it extends a first predetermined distance from a centerline 76 of the seat 12 to the shoulder joint 24 for the design template 10 with the torso section 22 being either the 5 th percentile female, 95 th percentile male or a 50 th percentile male and a second predetermined distance from the centerline of the seat 12 to the neck/shoulder junction 40 for the design template 10 with the torso section 22 being either the 5 th percentile female, 50 th percentile male or the 95 th percentile male.
  • the first predetermined distance and second predetermined distance are in the following table: Location of shoulder belt for design templates.
  • Design Template 10 First Predetermined Distance from Centerline to Shoulder(mm) Second Predetermined Distance from Centerline to base of neck (mm) 5 th Percentile Female 190 51 50 th Percentile Male 246 65 95 th Percentile Male 267 71
  • a method, according to the present invention, is disclosed of establishing occupant accommodation criteria in a vehicle package based on a predetermined class of vehicles.
  • the method includes providing the design template 10 having the torso section 22 being either the 95 th percentile male, 50 th percentile male or 5 th percentile female with either the ERECT posture, NEUTRAL posture or SLUMPED posture and a corresponding percentile leg section made up of the thigh section 44, calf section 52 and shoe section 62.
  • the leg sections are the same for all three postures, only the curvature of the spinal column in the centerline differs.
  • the method includes defining an accelerator to provide a heel point of the shoe section 62.
  • the method includes defining deflection of a seat 12 whether it is high deflection (soft), medium deflection (medium) or low deflection (hard).
  • the method also includes positioning the design template 10 in the vehicle such that the heel of the shoe section 62 is at the heel point, the bottom of the thigh section 44 under the hip joint 26 is at the seat height, the torso section 22 is at the torso angle 43b and angles of the leg section are within predetermined conform ranges.
  • the method includes establishing a seat height from a floor to a bottom of the torso section 22 at I D 0 .
  • the method further includes establishing an H-point (Hpt) for each design template 10 and H-point reference point (HptRP) relative to the heel point in a vehicle axis system by the design template 10.
  • the H-point represents the two-dimensional center of rotation of the hip joint 26 and is located at the center of the hollow nut and bolt 45a.
  • the H-point window in a vehicle package is defined by a polygon that contains the locations of the 5 th percentile female, 50 th percentile male and 95 th percentile male H-points for the range of comfort angles (Table 2) in the ankle, knee and hip joints per vehicle package requirements.
  • the package requirements define an occupant space between the vehicle floorpan 14 and a vehicle headliner 70 that determines in large part the space available for the seat 12 and the human body occupant. As the space available for the seat 12 and human body occupant diminish, the mechanical properties of the seat 12 and its geometrical shape and size become more critical in supporting the variety of postures (Table 3) represented by the design template 10 for the seat design process.
  • the x displacement (i.e., fore-aft direction) is defined by the location of H-points in the vehicle x direction from the 5 th percentile female to the 95 th percentile male.
  • Ankle angle, accelerator pedal orientation, and length of the leg are the most important parameters in this packaging dimension.
  • Comfort angles (Table 2) at the knee vary according to seat height packaging. As the seat height (i.e., SE H61) space rises, the comfort angle of the knee used to define x-displacement of the seat 12 decreases. As the seat height space decreases, the comfort angle of the knee used to define x-displacement of the seat 12 increases. If comfort angle of the ankle remains in the 85° to 90° range and the thigh angle with horizontal remains in the 5° to 10° range, the horizontal seat travel is large and well-defined.
  • the z displacement (i.e., vertical direction) is defined by the location of H-points in the vehicle z direction from the 95 th percentile male to the 5 th percentile female.
  • Posture varies according to packaging volume and occupant preference, but in general, the method includes locating an eye relative to a shoulder joint such that seat travel accommodates eye location (Table 4) for all human body occupants in all postures.
  • a SLUMPED posture becomes more likely in the human body occupant.
  • an ERECT posture becomes more likely in the human body occupant.
  • the vision needs of different size human body occupants and the amount of headroom in the vehicle package largely determine seat travel in this direction.
  • Design Template 10 Horizontal (X) mm (Forward) Vertical (Z) mm (Above) 5 th Percentile Female 52 186 50 th Percentile Male 63 205 95 th Percentile Male 69 212
  • the location of the heel is determined by ankle angle and accelerator-foot axis orientation.
  • the prescribed ankle angle lies between 85° and 90° with the shoe section 62 positioned so that the foot axis 65 is parallel to the undepressed accelerator (o mph) pedal.
  • a method for designing a seat includes the steps of selecting at least one design template 10 having a torso section 22 being one of the 95 th percentile male, 50 th percentile male and 5 th percentile female having either the ERECT posture, NEUTRAL posture or SLUMPED posture and having a leg section.
  • the leg section is made up of the thigh section 44, calf section 52 and shoe section 62.
  • the method also includes the step of forming load supporting contours and unloaded contours of the seat 12 for at least one design template 10.
  • the forces acting on the occupied (°) seat 12 are distributed into load support points in each design template 10 that are used to define the thorax (S°), lumbar (L°), ischium (I D °) and thigh (T°) load support points (FIG. 12) in the seat 12.
  • the orientation of the pelvis changes with each of the three postures.
  • the pelvis In the ERECT posture, the pelvis is rotated forward so that the D-point is closer to the most anterior point on the ischium (I1).
  • the pelvis In the SLUMPED posture, the pelvis is rotated rearward so that D-point is closer to the most posterior point on the ischium (I2).
  • critical design landmarks i.e., D-point, change their location.
  • the position of the tip of the sacrum is above the occupied seat contour so that the contour from bite line to D-point is not contacted.
  • the position of the tip of the sacrum is close to the occupied seat contour so that the seat 12 from D-point to bite line should not rise, but slope downward to reduce pressure on the sacrum.
  • the seat 12 is composed of two structural members: (1) a seat cushion 18 that primarily supports the human body occupant's torso weight under the ischium and the weight of the human body occupant's thigh, and (2) a seat back 20 that supports the human body occupant's back primarily in the thoracic and lumbar regions.
  • the seat cushion 18 is typically composed of five primary structures: a) upholstery or trim, typically a woven cloth material or leather; b) deformable pad, typically foam; c) a suspension under the butt pocket, typically metal springs attached to metal wires and/or straps; d) an anti-submarining region forward of the suspension; and e) a rigid frame, typically sheet metal with sufficient shape and strength to support the human body occupant load.
  • the seat back 20 is typically composed of four primary structures and one optional structure: a) upholstery or trim, typically a woven cloth material or leather covering of the seat back 20; b) deformable pad, typically foam; c) a rigid frame, typically a tube of metal in an inverted U-shape; d) a structural cross member spanning the vertical frame near the base of the seat back 20 to prevent occupant penetration of the seat back 20 in a vehicle collision; and e) an optional lumbar support, typically a deformable basket or inflatable bag(s) support the lumbar region of the human body occupant.
  • the design templates 10 are used to define the loaded contours of the seat 12 and the location of supporting and restraining structures, or their absence, as required for different postures and different body sizes.
  • the design templates 10 are positioned relative to preferred torso angles (Tables 2 and 3).
  • the ERECT posture will sit in a range from 8° to 14°
  • NEUTRAL in a range from 14° to 22°
  • SLUMPED in a range from 20° to 28°.
  • the I D point lies on an inclined plane that is defined by the change in weight transmitted from the seat cushion 18 to the seat back 20 as the human body occupant changes postures from ERECT to SLUMPED.
  • the inclination of the seat cushion 18 is defined by thigh angle (Table 2).
  • a method, according to the present invention, is disclosed of using the design template 10 to design the seat 12 for a motor vehicle.
  • the method includes the steps of providing the design template 10 having the torso section 22 being one of a group comprising the 95 th percentile male, 50 th percentile male and 5 th percentile female having either an ERECT posture, a NEUTRAL posture or a SLUMPED posture.
  • the method includes the steps of establishing occupant accommodation criteria in a vehicle package based on a predetermined class of vehicles and positioning the design template 10 in a vehicle to define seat height and seat track displacement to accommodate each design template 10 on a seat 12 having a seat cushion 18 and a seat back 20 in a vehicle representing the vehicle package criteria.
  • the method also includes the step of defining at least one from a group comprising unloaded contours on the seat at S U , L U , I D U and T U .
  • the method further includes the step of defining at least one from a group comprising a seat back height, seat cushion length, head restraint position, thorax support, lumbar support, seat back bite line region, seat cushion bite line region, seat cushion bolster (e.g., waterfall region) and seat suspension for the seat 12 relative to the design template 10.
  • the method includes the step of defining a seat back height for the seat relative to the design template 10.
  • the method includes the step of defining a head restraint position for the seat 12 relative to the design template 10.
  • the method includes the step of defining a thorax support for the seat 12 relative to the design template 10.
  • the method includes the step of defining a lumbar support for the seat 12 relative to the design template 10.
  • the method includes the step of defining a seat back bite line region for the seat 12 relative to the design template 10.
  • the method includes the step of defining a seat cushion bite line region for the seat 12 relative to the design template 10.
  • the method includes the step of defining a seat suspension for the seat 12 relative to the design template 10.
  • the method includes the step of defining a region in the forward part of the seat cushion 18 that prevents forward motion of the pelvis in a vehicle collision.
  • the method includes the step of defining a seat cushion length for the seat 12 relative to the design template 10.

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  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Schablone, umfassend:
    einen Torsoabschnitt, welcher ein Element der Gruppe ist, welche einen 95%-Mann, einen 50%-Mann und eine 5%-Frau umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass alle Elemente einer Gruppe sind, welche eine aufrechte Haltung, eine neutrale Haltung und eine zusammengesackte Haltung umfasst, und dadurch, dass der Torsoabschnitt Anzeichen spinaler Charakteristika einschließt, welche entlang einem hinteren Abschnitt des Torsoabschnitts markiert sind.
  2. Schablone gemäß Anspruch 1, einschließend eines oder mehrere der folgenden Merkmale: -
    (i) wobei der Torso einen Bereich einer äußeren Kontur (23) aufweist, entsprechend einer deformierten Form einer Grenzflächenkontur (23a) zwischen einem Sitz (12) und einem sitzenden Insassen;
    (ii) wobei der Torso hergestellt ist aus einem Sheet eines steifen Materials oder in elektronischen Medien dargestellt ist;
    (iii) wobei der Torso Anzeichen skelettaler Charakteristika für ein Schultergelenk (24) und Hüftgelenk (26) aufweist sowie eine Achse (28), welche sich dazwischen erstreckt;
    (iv) wobei der Torso eine Mittellinien-Projektion eines Beckens aufweist mit Anzeichen, welche einen Ischias-Vorsprung (3 1) darstellen, einen vorderen höheren iliakalen Dorn (36), eine pubische Knorpelfuge (38) und ein Sakrum (34m);
    (v) wobei der Torso eine Winkelskala (43b) für einen Torsowinkel einschließt;
    (vi) wobei der Torso eine Winkelskala (43a) für einen Hüftwinkel einschließt;
    (vii) wobei der Torso eine vordere Gestalt aufweist, welche anthropometrisch und anatomisch korrekt ist;
    (viii) wobei der Torso Anzeichen für ein Schultergelenk (24) aufweist, eine Hals/Schulter-Verbindung (40) und ein Brustbein (42); oder
    (ix) einen Oberschenkelabschnitt (44), welcher mit dem Torso verbunden ist.
  3. Eine Schablone gemäß Anspruch 2, einschließend eines oder mehrere der folgenden Merkmale:
    (i) wobei der Torso anatomische Details einschließt, welche relativ zueinander angeordnet sind, und wobei die Oberflächenkontur relativ zu den anatomischen Details angeordnet ist;
    (ii) wobei der Oberschenkelabschnitt ausgewählt ist aus einer Gruppe, umfassend einen 95%-Mann, einen 50%-Mann und eine 5%-Frau;
    (iii) wobei der Oberschenkelabschnitt aus einem Sheet eines steifen Materials hergestellt ist oder in elektronischen Medien dargestellt ist;
    (iv) ein Scharnier (45a) an einem Hüftgelenk, um den Oberschenkelabschnitt mit dem Torso zu verbinden;
    (v) wobei der Oberschenkelabschnitt Anzeichen eines Hüftgelenks und eines Kniegelenks (46) und eine dazwischenliegende Achse (48) einschließt;
    (vi) wobei der Torso und der Oberschenkelabschnitt in sitzender Position geometrisch kongruent sind, wo diese auf einem Sitzkissen (18) überlappen;
    (vii) wobei der Oberschenkelabschnitt eine deformierte Bodenkontur (51 a) aufweist, welche eine Veränderung von hartem Knochengewebe zu weichem Muskelgewebe in Kontakt mit einem Sitzkissen repräsentiert;
    (viii) wobei der Oberschenkelabschnitt Anzeichen eines Zeigers (51) für einen Hüftwinkel und eine Winkelskala (50) für einen Kniewinkel aufweist; oder
    (ix) einen Wadenabschnitt (52), welcher mit dem Oberschenkel verbunden ist.
  4. Eine Schablone gemäß Anspruch 3, einschließend eines oder mehrere der folgenden Merkmale: -
    (i) wobei der Wadenabschnitt aus einer Gruppe ist, welche einen 95%-Mann, einen 50%-Mann und eine 5%-Frau umfasst;
    (ii) wobei der Wadenabschnitt hergestellt ist aus einem Sheet eines steifen Materials oder in elektronischen Medien dargestellt ist;
    (iii) ein Scharnier (45c) an einem Kniegelenk, um den Wadenabschnitt mit dem Oberschenkelabschnitt zu verbinden;
    (iv) wobei der Wadenabschnitt Anzeichen eines Kniegelenks (46) und eines Knöchelgelenks (54) und eine dazwischenliegende Achse (56) einschließt;
    (v) wobei der Wadenabschnitt Anzeichen eines Zeigers (58) für einen Kniewinkel und eine Skala (60) für einen Knöchelwinkel einschließt;
    (vi) wobei der Wadenabschnitt und der Oberschenkelabschnitt in sitzender Position geometrisch kongruent sind, wo diese auf vorderen und höheren Oberflächen überlappen; oder
    (vii) einen Schuhabschnitt (62), welcher mit dem Wadenabschnitt verbunden ist.
  5. Eine Schablone gemäß Anspruch 4, einschließend eines oder mehrere der folgenden Merkmale:
    (i) wobei der Schuhabschnitt aus einer Gruppe ist, umfassend einen 95%-Mann, einen 50%-Mann und eine 5%-Frau;
    (ii) wobei der Schuhabschnitt hergestellt ist aus einem Sheet eines steifen Materials oder in elektronischen Medien dargestellt ist;
    (iii) ein Scharnier (45d) an einem Knöchelgelenk, um den Schuhabschnitt mit dem Wadenabschnitt zu verbinden;
    (iv) wobei der Schuhabschnitt Anzeichen für ein Knöchelgelenk und einen Zeiger (64) für einen Knöchelwinkel einschließt; oder
    (v) wobei der Schuhabschnitt eine Achse (65) vom Fußballen zur Ferse innerhalb eines Schuhs aufweist.
EP98940883A 1997-10-10 1998-08-13 Schablone zum entwurf von personensitzen Expired - Lifetime EP1019693B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US949213 1992-09-23
US08/949,213 US6840125B1 (en) 1996-12-09 1997-10-10 Design template
PCT/US1998/016846 WO1999019708A1 (en) 1997-10-10 1998-08-13 Template for designing human seating accomodations

Publications (3)

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EP1019693A1 EP1019693A1 (de) 2000-07-19
EP1019693A4 EP1019693A4 (de) 2001-02-07
EP1019693B1 true EP1019693B1 (de) 2005-07-20

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EP (1) EP1019693B1 (de)
AU (1) AU8906198A (de)
DE (1) DE69830913T2 (de)
WO (1) WO1999019708A1 (de)

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AU8906198A (en) 1999-05-03
WO1999019708A1 (en) 1999-04-22
EP1019693A1 (de) 2000-07-19
DE69830913T2 (de) 2006-04-20
EP1019693A4 (de) 2001-02-07
DE69830913D1 (de) 2005-08-25

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