EP1013931A2 - Vapour feeding pump - Google Patents

Vapour feeding pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1013931A2
EP1013931A2 EP99123667A EP99123667A EP1013931A2 EP 1013931 A2 EP1013931 A2 EP 1013931A2 EP 99123667 A EP99123667 A EP 99123667A EP 99123667 A EP99123667 A EP 99123667A EP 1013931 A2 EP1013931 A2 EP 1013931A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
shut
temperature
pump device
dependent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99123667A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1013931A3 (en
EP1013931B1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Duerr Dental SE
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Duerr Dental SE
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1013931A2 publication Critical patent/EP1013931A2/en
Publication of EP1013931A3 publication Critical patent/EP1013931A3/en
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Publication of EP1013931B1 publication Critical patent/EP1013931B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
    • F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
    • F04B37/18—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use for specific elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
    • F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
    • F04B37/18—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use for specific elastic fluids
    • F04B37/20—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use for specific elastic fluids for wet gases, e.g. wet air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/10—Inlet temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pumping device for conveying of vapors, especially vapors of low-boiling liquids according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such pumping devices are e.g. on petrol pumps used to remove fuel from motor vehicles the motor vehicle tank displaced gasoline vapors in the Promote gas station tank.
  • a pump device is therefore intended by the present invention for conveying vapors according to the generic term of claim 1 are further developed so that operational safety the pumping device, even when the Compression heat is retained.
  • the temperature-dependent shut-off valve ensures for the fact that gasoline vapors only below a predetermined Temperature are promoted and thus compression heat arises. If the specified temperature is exceeded, closes the shut-off valve and the pump unit works against a standing gasoline vapor column, then no compression heat the pump device additionally can heat up since no compression work is done becomes.
  • the control that closes or opens the controls the temperature-dependent shut-off valve can itself according to claim 2 by the action of heat be deformable.
  • Such a control element thus serves at the same time as a temperature probe.
  • control element according to claim 3 work together in a temperature-dependent deformable body. Such a structure allows use of standard shut-off valves.
  • a bimetallic body i.e. a body that acts as a layer composite two metal layers with different coefficients of thermal expansion is carried out
  • the bimetal body are used in different temperature ranges and with different Temperature stroke available.
  • a switching characteristic of the shut-off valve i.e. also the total is still slightly below the switching temperature or a large part of the delivery capacity of the pumping device available.
  • a snap action of the bimetallic body is claimed 7 particularly easy to implement.
  • an expansion element can also be used.
  • it is a body with a high coefficient of expansion, its thermal expansion either directly to open or close the shut-off valve or indirectly for actuating the control element of the shut-off valve is being used.
  • Wax cartridge is in different geometries available, easy to use and has a high Coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • control of the shut-off valve provided by a temperature sensor.
  • the control of the shut-off valve is then not carried out directly or indirectly mechanically, but via a control signal of the temperature sensor.
  • Such sensor valve units are relatively inexpensive.
  • the additional use of the Temperature sensor for one of the shut-off valve variants mentioned above with a deformable depending on the temperature Body results in a particularly reliable pumping device.
  • An electromagnet is a particularly robust and inexpensive Actuator (cf. claim 10).
  • the development according to claim 11 has the character of Shutoff valve as a safety device bill. Because the shut-off valve during normal operation of the pumping device is always open, this open position is open simple way and without constant electrical control causes so that the electromagnet is protected and energy is saved.
  • a gas pump to a tank 12 has a piston pump 14 Conveying gasoline vapors.
  • Their inlet valve 16 and Exhaust valve 18 is outsourced for purposes of illustration shown.
  • the pump device 10 pumps gasoline vapors, those when refueling a vehicle from its tank 20 be displaced using a proboscis Nozzle and a gasoline vapor return line 22, 24 back to tank 12.
  • the pump device 10 also points in the conveying direction the gasoline vapors lying in front of the inlet valve 16 shut-off valve 26 operating in a temperature-dependent manner. This is thermally coupled to the piston pump 14, i.e. Shut-off valve 26 and piston pump 14 have the same Temperature. This is usually temperature-dependent working shut-off valve 26 open. The temperature rises the piston pump 14 above a predetermined limit value, the thermally coupled shut-off valve 26 closes, as will be described in more detail below.
  • a pressure relief valve 28 open.
  • the piston pump shown in section in Figure 2 14 has a crankcase located under operating conditions 30 and one screwed on top of it Cylinder head 32.
  • a molded bearing seat 34 of the crankcase 30 is a via a bearing 36 Drive shaft 38 mounted.
  • the drive shaft 38 is about an electric motor, not shown in the drawing, the left in Figure 2 of the bearing holder 34 outside of Crankcase 30 is arranged, driven.
  • With the Drive shaft 38 is a crank body via a threaded bolt 40 42 connected to which a balancing body 44 is integrally formed is.
  • Runs on a crank pin 46 of the crank body 42 via a bearing 48 a connecting rod 50 on which a lower Piston shell 52 is integrally formed.
  • a piston seal is located between the two piston shells 52, 54 58 trapped.
  • the piston unit formed by the components 50 to 58 60 runs in a cylinder liner 62, which has two axially successive disc springs 64 on one shoulder 66 of the crankcase 30 rests and on the underside of the cylinder head 32 via a valve support plate 68 is supported.
  • the latter bears the leaf spring Inlet valve 16, not shown in Figure 2 designed as a leaf spring outlet valve 18, the temperature dependent working shut-off valve 26 and the pressure relief valve 28
  • the shut-off valve 26 has a conical bowl-shaped Snap valve disk 70 made of bimetal with a central one Hole 72 (see. In particular Fig. 3 and 4) with which it on a threaded bolt 74 of the valve support plate 68 is stuck.
  • a nut 76 is on the threaded bolt 74 screwed, the valve plate 70 against one on the Valve carrier plate 68 adjacent spacer ring 78, the is also plugged onto the threaded bolt 74.
  • An upper flat sealing surface 80 of the valve carrier plate 68 forms with an outer edge 82 of the valve plate 70 a linear circular sealing point if the Valve plate 70 under the action of heat in a down conical shell-shaped closing geometry is snapped.
  • the circular sealing point lies radially outside of one formed in the valve support plate 68 inlet opening 84, with the lower end of the inlet valve 16 cooperates.
  • the pressure relief valve 28 is on the outlet side with the inlet 88 of the crankcase with a suction space 86 and on the inlet side with an outlet 90 of the piston pump 14 in connection.
  • the Pressure relief valve 28 are in the flow direction of the gasoline vapor the temperature-dependent shut-off valve 26, the inlet valve 16 and the outlet valve 18 downstream.
  • An outlet 90 of the piston pump 14 is via the Line 24 (see FIG. 1) connected to the tank 12.
  • flame retardants 92 and 94 are flame retardants 92 and 94, respectively intended.
  • the latter each have a winding 96 made of corrugated Sheet metal tape (tape securing).
  • the switching temperature If the switching temperature is exceeded, it snaps the valve plate 70 of the shut-off valve 26 via a unstable middle position in the closed position shown in FIG. 4, at which the edge 82 of the valve plate 70 the sealing surface 80 of the valve carrier plate 68 rests, so that the inlet opening 84 is closed and the Piston unit 60 regardless of the position of the intake valve 16 and outlet valve 18 to one and the same gas volume is working. The conveyance of gasoline vapor through the Piston pump 14 is thus prevented.
  • the piston pump 14 thus operates in the closed position of the shut-off valve 26 against one in the area of the outlet 90 standing gasoline vapor column, which no further is compressed and therefore does not heat up. Vice versa the piston pump 14 continues by convection cooled by ambient air. This cooling is stronger than the frictional heat still generated in the piston pump 14, so that a total cooling of the pumping device 10 receives.
  • Valve plate 70 of the shut-off valve 26 After clearly falling below the switching temperature (Hysteresis of the bimetal valve disc) snaps Valve plate 70 of the shut-off valve 26 again in the Inlet opening 84 releasing open position, whereby the Piston unit 60 can suck gasoline vapor again.
  • the temperature-dependent one shown in FIG Shut-off valve 26 is controlled by a piston 102 that runs tightly in a cylindrical housing 104, in which an expansion element 106 is arranged.
  • the Expansion element 106 e.g. a wax cartridge, stretches out with increasing temperature.
  • the stroke of the piston 102 is dimensioned so that the shut-off valve 26 then opens, when an expansion of the expansion element 106 reaches which corresponds to the switching temperature.
  • the piston 102 is under the bias of a spring 108, so when Contraction of the expansion element 106 of the pistons 102 is tracked in contact with the expansion element 106, and the shut-off valve 26 when the switching temperature falls below opens again.
  • the temperature-dependent one shown in FIG. 6 Shut-off valve 26 is resiliently biased into the open position and via an electromagnet 110 in the closed position adjustable.
  • the electromagnet 110 is one Temperature switch 112 controlled, the thermally to the Piston pump 14 is coupled. When exceeding the The temperature switch 112 excites the switching temperature a power amplifier 114 the electromagnet 110, so that it closes the shut-off valve 26. When falling short the temperature switch ends the switching temperature 112 its output signal, so that the shut-off valve 26 is opened again.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

A shut-off valve(26) which closes when a predetermined switching temperature is exceeded is connected in series to the pump unit's inlet(16) or outlet(18). The shut-off valve has a bi-metal component deformable by heat action and which at the same time represents a control element. The deformable component may interact with a control element on the shut-off valve. The bi-metal component has two different stable operating positions, one where the shut-off valve is open and another where the valve is closed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Pumpeinrichtung zum Fördern von Dämpfen, insbesondere Dämpfen niedersiedender Flüssigkeiten gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a pumping device for conveying of vapors, especially vapors of low-boiling liquids according to the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Pumpeinrichtungen werden z.B. an Zapfsäulen eingesetzt, um die beim Betanken von Kraftfahrzeugen aus dem Kraftfahrzeugtank verdrängten Benzindämpfe in den Tankstellentank zu fördern.Such pumping devices are e.g. on petrol pumps used to remove fuel from motor vehicles the motor vehicle tank displaced gasoline vapors in the Promote gas station tank.

Bei diesen Pumpeinrichtungen ist damit zu rechnen, daß sie sich während des Betriebs erwärmen. Einen Beitrag zur Erwärmung der Pumpeinrichtung, die zu ihrer Überhitzung führen kann, liefert die Erwärmung der Benzindämpfe durch die Kompressionsarbeit, die die Pumpeinheit an den Benzindämpfen während deren Förderung verrichtet (nachfolgend auch als "Kompressionswärme" bezeichnet). Aus Sicherheitsgründen muß eine derartige Überhitzung vermieden werden.With these pumping devices it can be expected that they warm up during operation. A contribution to heat the pumping device, causing it to overheat can lead to the heating of the gasoline vapors the compression work that the pumping unit has on the gasoline vapors performed during their funding (hereinafter also referred to as "compression heat"). For safety reasons Such overheating must be avoided become.

Durch die vorliegende Erfindung soll daher eine Pumpeinrichtung zum Fördern von Dämpfen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 so weitergebildet werden, daß die Betriebssicherheit der Pumpeinrichtung auch bei starker anfallender Kompressionswärme erhalten bleibt.A pump device is therefore intended by the present invention for conveying vapors according to the generic term of claim 1 are further developed so that operational safety the pumping device, even when the Compression heat is retained.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Pumpeinrichtung mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. This object is achieved by a Pump device with the features specified in claim 1.

Das temperaturabhängig arbeitende Absperrventil sorgt dafür, daß Benzindämpfe nur unterhalb einer vorgegebenen Temperatur gefördert werden und dadurch Kompressionswärme entsteht. Wird die vorgegebene Temperatur überschritten, schließt das Absperrventil und die Pumpeinheit arbeitet gegen eine stehende Benzindampfsäule, wobei dann keine Kompressionswärme die Pumpeinrichtung zusätzlich erhitzen kann, da keine Kompressionsarbeit verrichtet wird.The temperature-dependent shut-off valve ensures for the fact that gasoline vapors only below a predetermined Temperature are promoted and thus compression heat arises. If the specified temperature is exceeded, closes the shut-off valve and the pump unit works against a standing gasoline vapor column, then no compression heat the pump device additionally can heat up since no compression work is done becomes.

Durch den bei derartigen Pumpeinrichtungen immer gegebenen Wärmeaustausch mit der Umgebung kann sich die Pumpeinrichtung, da der Kompressionsbeitrag zur Erwärmung nicht mehr vorliegt, nun abkühlen, bis sie eine unkritische Temperatur erreicht. Dann öffnet das temperaturabhängig arbeitende Absperrventil und ermöglicht somit wieder den Förderbetrieb der Pumpeinrichtung.Because of the always given in such pumping devices The pumping device, since the compression contribution to warming is no longer is present, cool down until it reaches an uncritical temperature reached. Then the temperature-dependent one opens Shut-off valve and thus enables the conveyor operation again the pumping device.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention are in the subclaims specified.

Das Steuerelement, das das Schließen bzw. Öffnen des temperaturabhängig arbeitenden Absperrventils steuert, kann gemäß Anspruch 2 selbst durch die Wärmeeinwirkung verformbar sein. Ein derartiges Steuerelement dient somit gleichzeitig als Temperatursonde.The control that closes or opens the controls the temperature-dependent shut-off valve, can itself according to claim 2 by the action of heat be deformable. Such a control element thus serves at the same time as a temperature probe.

Alternativ kann das Steuerelement gemäß Anspruch 3 mit einem temperaturabhängig verformbaren Körper zusammenarbeiten. Ein derartiger Aufbau erlaubt das Verwenden von Standard-Absperrventilen.Alternatively, the control element according to claim 3 work together in a temperature-dependent deformable body. Such a structure allows use of standard shut-off valves.

Ein Bimetall-Körper (d.h. ein Körper, der als Schichtverbund zweier Metallschichten unterschiedlicher Wärmeausdehnungkoeffizienten ausgeführt ist) gemäß Anspruch 4 ist eine besonders einfache Ausführung eines temperaturabhängig verformbaren Körpers. Der Bimetall-Körper sind zum Einsatz in verschiedenen Temperaturbereichen und mit unterschiedlichem Temperaturhub verfügbar.A bimetallic body (i.e. a body that acts as a layer composite two metal layers with different coefficients of thermal expansion is carried out) according to claim 4 a particularly simple execution of a temperature-dependent deformable body. The bimetal body are used in different temperature ranges and with different Temperature stroke available.

Bei einer Weiterbildung gemäß Anspruch 5 wird eine Schaltcharakteristik des Absperrventils erzielt, d.h. auch wenig unter der Schalttemperatur ist noch die gesamte oder ein großer Teil der Förderleistung der Pumpeinrichtung verfügbar.In a development according to claim 5, a switching characteristic of the shut-off valve, i.e. also the total is still slightly below the switching temperature or a large part of the delivery capacity of the pumping device available.

Diese Schaltcharakteristik ist durch Weiterbildung gemäß Anspruch 6 noch stärker ausgeprägt. Zwischen einer Offen- und einer Schließstellung des Absperrventils ist dann keine Zwischen-Betriebsstellung mehr möglich, d.h. die Stellung des Absperrventils ist stets eindeutig definiert.This switching characteristic is according to further training Claim 6 even more pronounced. Between an open and is then a closed position of the shut-off valve no intermediate operating position possible, i.e. the The position of the shut-off valve is always clearly defined.

Eine Schnappwirkung des Bimetall-Körpers ist gemäß Anspruch 7 besonders einfach zu realisieren.A snap action of the bimetallic body is claimed 7 particularly easy to implement.

Alternativ zu einem Bimetall-Körper kann gemäß Anspruch 8 auch ein Dehnstoffelement verwendet werden. Dabei handelt es sich um einen Körper mit hohem Ausdehungskoeffizienten, dessen Wärmeausdehnung entweder direkt zum Öffnen bzw. Schließen des Absperrventils oder indirekt zum Betätigen des Steuerelements des Absperrventils genutzt wird. Die hierbei bevorzugt einsetzbare Wachskartusche ist in verschiedenen Geometrien verfügbar, einfach zu handhaben und weist einen hohen Wärmeausdehungskoeffizienten auf.As an alternative to a bimetallic body, according to claim 8 an expansion element can also be used. Here it is a body with a high coefficient of expansion, its thermal expansion either directly to open or close the shut-off valve or indirectly for actuating the control element of the shut-off valve is being used. The one that can preferably be used here Wax cartridge is in different geometries available, easy to use and has a high Coefficient of thermal expansion.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Anspruch 9 ist entweder alternativ oder zusätzlich eine Steuerung des Absperrventils durch einen Temperatursensor vorgesehen. Die Ansteuerung des Absperrventils erfolgt dann nicht direkt oder mittelbar mechanisch, sondern über ein Steuersignal des Temperatursensors. Derartige Sensor-Ventil-Einheiten sind relativ kostengünstig. Der zusätzliche Einsatz des Temperatursensors zu einer der oben angesprochenen Absperrventil-Varianten mit einem temperaturabhängig verformbaren Körper ergibt eine besonders betriebssichere Pumpeinrichtung.In the embodiment according to claim 9 is either alternatively or additionally, control of the shut-off valve provided by a temperature sensor. The control of the shut-off valve is then not carried out directly or indirectly mechanically, but via a control signal of the temperature sensor. Such sensor valve units are relatively inexpensive. The additional use of the Temperature sensor for one of the shut-off valve variants mentioned above with a deformable depending on the temperature Body results in a particularly reliable pumping device.

Ein Elektromagnet ist ein besonders robustes und kostengünstiges Stellglied (vgl. Anspruch 10).An electromagnet is a particularly robust and inexpensive Actuator (cf. claim 10).

Die Weiterbildung gemäß Anspruch 11 trägt dem Charakter des Absperrventils als Sicherheitseinrichtung Rechnung. Da das Absperrventil beim Normalbetrieb der Pumpeinrichtung immer offen ist, wird diese Offenstellung auf einfache Weise und ohne ständige elektrische Ansteuerung bewirkt, sodaß der Elektromagnet geschont wird und Energie gespart wird.The development according to claim 11 has the character of Shutoff valve as a safety device bill. Because the shut-off valve during normal operation of the pumping device is always open, this open position is open simple way and without constant electrical control causes so that the electromagnet is protected and energy is saved.

Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Pumpeinrichtung zum Fördern von Benzindämpfen mit einem temperaturabhängig arbeitenden Absperrventil;
Figur 2
einen vertikalen Schnitt durch eine Kolbenpumpe zum Fördern von Benzindämpfen mit einem temperaturabhängig arbeitenden Absperrventil;
Figur 3
eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung innerhalb des durch den gestrichelten Kreis in Figur 2 hervorgehobenen Bereichs, in der das temperaturabhängig arbeitende Absperrventil in einer geöffneten Stellung gezeigt ist;
Figur 4
eine zu Figur 3 ähnliche Darstellung, in der das temperaturabhängig arbeitende Absperrventil in einer geschlossenen Stellung gezeigt ist;
Figur 5
eine schematische Darstellung einer Pumpe zum Fördern von Benzindämpfen mit einem abgewandelten temperaturabhängig arbeitenden Absperrventil; und
Figur 6
eine schematische Darstellung einer Pumpeinrichtung zum Fördern von Benzindämpfen mit einem weiteren abgewandelten temperaturabhängig arbeitenden Absperrventil.
The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. In this show:
Figure 1
a schematic representation of a pump device for conveying gasoline vapors with a temperature-dependent shut-off valve;
Figure 2
a vertical section through a piston pump for pumping gasoline vapors with a temperature-dependent shut-off valve;
Figure 3
an enlarged detail within the range highlighted by the dashed circle in Figure 2, in which the temperature-dependent shut-off valve is shown in an open position;
Figure 4
a representation similar to Figure 3, in which the temperature-dependent shut-off valve is shown in a closed position;
Figure 5
a schematic representation of a pump for conveying gasoline vapors with a modified temperature-dependent shut-off valve; and
Figure 6
a schematic representation of a pump device for conveying gasoline vapors with a further modified temperature-dependent shut-off valve.

Eine in der Zeichnung insgesamt mit dem Bezugszeichen 10 bezeichnete Pumpeinrichtung zum Rückführen von Benzindämpfen von einem (nicht dargstellten) Zapfventil einer Zapfsäule zu einem Tank 12 weist eine Kolbenpumpe 14 zum Fördern von Benzindämpfen auf. Deren Einlaßventil 16 und Auslaßventil 18 sind zu Erläuterungszwecken ausgelagert dargestellt. Die Pumpeinrichtung 10 pumpt Benzindämpfe, die beim Betanken eines Fahrzeugs aus dessen Tank 20 verdrängt werden, unter Verwendung eines Saugrüssels des Zapfventils und einer Benzindampf-Rückführleitung 22, 24 zurück in den Tank 12.One in the drawing as a whole with the reference symbol 10 designated pump device for returning gasoline vapors of a (not shown) nozzle valve one A gas pump to a tank 12 has a piston pump 14 Conveying gasoline vapors. Their inlet valve 16 and Exhaust valve 18 is outsourced for purposes of illustration shown. The pump device 10 pumps gasoline vapors, those when refueling a vehicle from its tank 20 be displaced using a proboscis Nozzle and a gasoline vapor return line 22, 24 back to tank 12.

Weiter weist die Pumpeinrichtung 10 in Förderrichtung der Benzindämpfe vor dem Einlaßventil 16 liegend ein temperaturabhängig arbeitendes Absperrventil 26 auf. Dieses ist mit der Kolbenpumpe 14 thermisch gekoppelt, d.h. Absperrventil 26 und Kolbenpumpe 14 haben gleiche Temperatur. Im Normalfall ist das temperaturabhängig arbeitende Absperrventil 26 offen. Steigt die Temperatur der Kolbenpumpe 14 über einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert an, so schließt das thermisch angekoppelte Absperrventil 26, wie unten noch näher beschrieben wird.The pump device 10 also points in the conveying direction the gasoline vapors lying in front of the inlet valve 16 shut-off valve 26 operating in a temperature-dependent manner. This is thermally coupled to the piston pump 14, i.e. Shut-off valve 26 and piston pump 14 have the same Temperature. This is usually temperature-dependent working shut-off valve 26 open. The temperature rises the piston pump 14 above a predetermined limit value, the thermally coupled shut-off valve 26 closes, as will be described in more detail below.

Überschreitet der Druck in der Rückführleitung 22 einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert, so wird ein Überdruckventil 28 geöffnet.If the pressure in the return line 22 exceeds one predetermined limit value, a pressure relief valve 28 open.

Die in Figur 2 im Schnitt wiedergegebene Kolbenpumpe 14 hat ein unter Einsatzbedingungen untenliegendes Kurbelgehäuse 30 und einen auf dieses aufgeschraubten, obenliegenden Zylinderkopf 32. In einer angeformten Lageraufnahme 34 des Kurbelgehäuses 30 ist über ein Lager 36 eine Antriebswelle 38 gelagert. Die Antriebswelle 38 wird über einen in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Elektromotor, der in Figur 2 links der Lageraufnahme 34 außerhalb des Kurbelgehäuses 30 angeordnet ist, angetrieben. Mit der Antriebswelle 38 ist über einen Gewindebolzen 40 ein Kurbelkörper 42 verbunden, an den ein Wuchtkörper 44 angeformt ist. Auf einem Kurbelzapfen 46 des Kurbelkörpers 42 läuft über ein Lager 48 ein Pleuel 50, an dem eine untere Kolbenschale 52 angeformt ist. An dieser ist eine obere Kolbenschale 54 mittels einer Schraube 56 befestigt. Zwischen die beiden Kolbenschalen 52, 54 ist eine Kolbendichtung 58 eingeklemmt.The piston pump shown in section in Figure 2 14 has a crankcase located under operating conditions 30 and one screwed on top of it Cylinder head 32. In a molded bearing seat 34 of the crankcase 30 is a via a bearing 36 Drive shaft 38 mounted. The drive shaft 38 is about an electric motor, not shown in the drawing, the left in Figure 2 of the bearing holder 34 outside of Crankcase 30 is arranged, driven. With the Drive shaft 38 is a crank body via a threaded bolt 40 42 connected to which a balancing body 44 is integrally formed is. Runs on a crank pin 46 of the crank body 42 via a bearing 48 a connecting rod 50 on which a lower Piston shell 52 is integrally formed. At this is an upper one Piston shell 54 fastened by means of a screw 56. A piston seal is located between the two piston shells 52, 54 58 trapped.

Die durch die Bauteile 50 bis 58 gebildete Kolbeneinheit 60 läuft in einer Zylinderbuchse 62, die über zwei axial hintereinanderliegende Tellerfedern 64 auf einer Schulter 66 des Kurbelgehäuses 30 ruht und an der Unterseite des Zylinderkopfs 32 über eine Ventilträgerplatte 68 abgestützt ist. Letztere trägt das als Blattfeder ausgebildete Einlaßventil 16, das in Figur 2 nicht dargestellte als Blattfeder ausgebildete Auslaßventil 18, das temperaturabhängig arbeitende Absperrventil 26 sowie das Überdruckventil 28.The piston unit formed by the components 50 to 58 60 runs in a cylinder liner 62, which has two axially successive disc springs 64 on one shoulder 66 of the crankcase 30 rests and on the underside of the cylinder head 32 via a valve support plate 68 is supported. The latter bears the leaf spring Inlet valve 16, not shown in Figure 2 designed as a leaf spring outlet valve 18, the temperature dependent working shut-off valve 26 and the pressure relief valve 28

Das Absperrventil 26 weist einen kegelig schalenförmigen Schnapp-Ventilteller 70 aus Bimetall mit einem zentralen Loch 72 auf (vgl. insbesondere Fig. 3 und 4), mit dem es auf einen Gewindebolzen 74 der Ventilträgerplatte 68 gesteckt ist. Auf den Gewindebolzen 74 ist eine Mutter 76 geschraubt, die den Ventilteller 70 gegen einen an der Ventilträgerplatte 68 anliegenden Abstandsring 78, der ebenfalls auf den Gewindebolzen 74 gesteckt ist, niederhält.The shut-off valve 26 has a conical bowl-shaped Snap valve disk 70 made of bimetal with a central one Hole 72 (see. In particular Fig. 3 and 4) with which it on a threaded bolt 74 of the valve support plate 68 is stuck. A nut 76 is on the threaded bolt 74 screwed, the valve plate 70 against one on the Valve carrier plate 68 adjacent spacer ring 78, the is also plugged onto the threaded bolt 74.

Eine obere plane Dichtfläche 80 der Ventilträgerplatte 68 bildet mit einem äußeren Rand 82 des Ventiltellers 70 eine linienhafte kreisförmige Dichtstelle, wenn der Ventilteller 70 unter Wärmeeinwirkung in eine nach unten kegelig schalenförmige Schließgeometrie umgeschnappt ist. Die kreisförmige Dichtstelle liegt radial außerhalb einer in der Ventilträgerplatte 68 ausgeformten Einlaßöffnung 84, mit deren unteren Ende das Einlaßventil 16 zusammenarbeitet.An upper flat sealing surface 80 of the valve carrier plate 68 forms with an outer edge 82 of the valve plate 70 a linear circular sealing point if the Valve plate 70 under the action of heat in a down conical shell-shaped closing geometry is snapped. The circular sealing point lies radially outside of one formed in the valve support plate 68 inlet opening 84, with the lower end of the inlet valve 16 cooperates.

Das Überdruckventil 28 steht auslaßseitig mit dem Einlaß 88 des Kurbelgehäuses mit einem Ansaugraum 86 und einlaßseitig mit einem Auslaß 90 der Kolbenpumpe 14 in Verbindung. Dem Überdruckventil 28 sind in Strömungsrichtung des Benzindampfs das temperaturabhängig arbeitende Absperrventil 26, das Einlaßventil 16 und das Auslaßventil 18 nachgeschaltet. Ein Auslaß 90 der Kolbenpumpe 14 ist über die Leitung 24 (vgl. Fig. 1) mit dem Tank 12 verbunden.The pressure relief valve 28 is on the outlet side with the inlet 88 of the crankcase with a suction space 86 and on the inlet side with an outlet 90 of the piston pump 14 in connection. The Pressure relief valve 28 are in the flow direction of the gasoline vapor the temperature-dependent shut-off valve 26, the inlet valve 16 and the outlet valve 18 downstream. An outlet 90 of the piston pump 14 is via the Line 24 (see FIG. 1) connected to the tank 12.

In der Kolbenpumpe 14 ist sowohl am Einlaß 88 als auch am Auslaß 90 jeweils eine Flammsperreinheit 92 bzw. 94 vorgesehen. Letztere weisen je einen Wickel 96 aus gewelltem Blechband (Bandsicherung) auf. In the piston pump 14 is both at the inlet 88 and at the outlet 90 there are flame retardants 92 and 94, respectively intended. The latter each have a winding 96 made of corrugated Sheet metal tape (tape securing).

Die Funktion des temperaturabhängig arbeitenden Absperrventils 26 verdeutlichen die Figuren 3 und 4.The function of the temperature-dependent shut-off valve 26 illustrate Figures 3 and 4.

Unterhalb einer durch Material und Geometrie des Ventiltellers 26 vorgegebenen Schalttemperatur befindet sich das Absperrventil 26 in der in Figur 3 gezeigten Offenstellung, in der der Ventilteller 70 des Absperrventils 26 von der planen Dichtfläche 80 der Ventilträgerplatte 68 abgehoben ist und die Einlaßöffnung 84 freigegeben ist, sodaß der Benzindampf am Absperrventil 26 vorbei in Richtung des Einlaßventils 16 strömen kann. Damit kann die Kolbeneinheit 60 Benzindampf vom Einlaß 88 her über den Ansaugraum 86 ansaugen.Below one due to the material and geometry of the valve disc 26 given switching temperature Shut-off valve 26 in the open position shown in FIG. 3, in which the valve plate 70 of the check valve 26 of the plan sealing surface 80 of the valve support plate 68 lifted is and the inlet opening 84 is released so that the Gasoline vapor past the shut-off valve 26 in the direction of Intake valve 16 can flow. So that the piston unit 60 gasoline vapor from inlet 88 via the intake space 86 suck.

Wird die Schalttemperatur überschritten, so schnappt der Ventilteller 70 des Absperrventils 26 über eine instabile mittlere Lage in die in Figur 4 gezeigte Schließstellung, bei der der Rand 82 des Ventiltellers 70 auf der Dichtfläche 80 der Ventilträgerplatte 68 aufliegt, so daß die Einlaßöffnung 84 verschlossen wird und die Kolbeneinheit 60 unabhängig von der Stellung von Einlaßventil 16 und Auslaßventil 18 auf ein und dasselbe Gasvolumen arbeitet. Das Fördern von Benzindampf durch die Kolbenpumpe 14 ist somit unterbunden.If the switching temperature is exceeded, it snaps the valve plate 70 of the shut-off valve 26 via a unstable middle position in the closed position shown in FIG. 4, at which the edge 82 of the valve plate 70 the sealing surface 80 of the valve carrier plate 68 rests, so that the inlet opening 84 is closed and the Piston unit 60 regardless of the position of the intake valve 16 and outlet valve 18 to one and the same gas volume is working. The conveyance of gasoline vapor through the Piston pump 14 is thus prevented.

Die Kolbenpumpe 14 arbeitet somit in der Schließstellung des Absperrventils 26 gegen eine im Bereich des Auslasses 90 stehende Benzindampfsäule, die dabei nicht weiter verdichtet wird und sich demzufolge nicht erwärmt. Umgekehrt wird die Kolbenpumpe 14 weiterhin durch Konvektion von Umgebungsluft abgekühlt. Diese Abkühlung ist stärker als die in der Kolbenpumpe 14 weiterhin erzeugte Reibungswärme, sodaß man insgesamt eine Abkühlung der Pumpeinrichtung 10 erhält. The piston pump 14 thus operates in the closed position of the shut-off valve 26 against one in the area of the outlet 90 standing gasoline vapor column, which no further is compressed and therefore does not heat up. Vice versa the piston pump 14 continues by convection cooled by ambient air. This cooling is stronger than the frictional heat still generated in the piston pump 14, so that a total cooling of the pumping device 10 receives.

Nach deutlichem Unterschreiten der Schalttemperatur (Hysterese des Bimetall-Ventiltellers) schnappt der Ventilteller 70 des Absperrventils 26 wieder in die die Einlaßöffnung 84 freigebende Offenstellung, wodurch die Kolbeneinheit 60 wieder Benzindampf ansaugen kann.After clearly falling below the switching temperature (Hysteresis of the bimetal valve disc) snaps Valve plate 70 of the shut-off valve 26 again in the Inlet opening 84 releasing open position, whereby the Piston unit 60 can suck gasoline vapor again.

Beim Überschreiten eines Grenzdrucks im Ansaugraum 86 spricht das Überdruckventil 28 an und bläst bis zum Erreichen eines unkritischen Drucks zur Saugseite hin ab.When a limit pressure in the intake space 86 is exceeded speaks the pressure relief valve 28 and blows to Reaching an uncritical pressure towards the suction side.

Zwei weitere alternativ verwendbare Ausführungsformen des temperaturabhängig arbeitenden Absperrventils 26 zeigen die Figuren 5 und 6. Bauelemente, die obenstehend schon unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren 1 bis 4 erläutert wurden, sind wieder mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen. Diese Bauteile werden nachstehend nicht nochmals im einzelnen beschrieben.Two further alternative usable embodiments of the Show temperature-dependent shut-off valve 26 Figures 5 and 6. Components already above were explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, are again provided with the same reference numbers. This Components will not be discussed again in detail below described.

Das in Figur 5 gezeigte temperaturabhängig arbeitende Absperrventil 26 wird über einen Kolben 102 gesteuert, der dicht in einem zylindrischen Gehäuse 104 läuft, in welchem ein Dehnstoffelement 106 angeordnet ist. Das Dehnstoffelement 106, z.B. eine Wachskartusche, dehnt sich bei steigender Temperatur aus. Der Hub des Kolbens 102 ist so bemessen, daß das Absperrventil 26 dann öffnet, wenn eine Ausdehnung des Dehnstoffelements 106 erreicht ist, die der Schalttemperatur entspricht. Der Kolben 102 steht unter der Vorspannung einer Feder 108, damit beim Zusammenziehen des Dehnstoffelements 106 der Kolben 102 in Anlage am Dehnstoffelement 106 nachgeführt wird, und das Absperrventil 26 beim Unterschreiten der Schalttemperatur wieder öffnet.The temperature-dependent one shown in FIG Shut-off valve 26 is controlled by a piston 102 that runs tightly in a cylindrical housing 104, in which an expansion element 106 is arranged. The Expansion element 106, e.g. a wax cartridge, stretches out with increasing temperature. The stroke of the piston 102 is dimensioned so that the shut-off valve 26 then opens, when an expansion of the expansion element 106 reaches which corresponds to the switching temperature. The piston 102 is under the bias of a spring 108, so when Contraction of the expansion element 106 of the pistons 102 is tracked in contact with the expansion element 106, and the shut-off valve 26 when the switching temperature falls below opens again.

Das in Figur 6 dargestellte temperaturabhängig arbeitende Absperrventil 26 ist federnd in die Offenstellung vorgespannt und über einen Elektromagneten 110 in die Schließstellung stellbar. Der Elektromagnet 110 wird von einem Temperaturschalter 112 gesteuert, der thermisch an die Kolbenpumpe 14 angekoppelt ist. Beim Überschreiten der Schalttemperatur erregt der Temperaturschalter 112 über einen Leistungsverstärker 114 den Elektromagneten 110, sodaß dieser das Absperrventil 26 schließt. Beim Unterschreiten der Schalttemperatur beendet der Temperaturschalter 112 sein Aussgangssignal, sodaß das Absperrventil 26 wieder geöffnet wird.The temperature-dependent one shown in FIG. 6 Shut-off valve 26 is resiliently biased into the open position and via an electromagnet 110 in the closed position adjustable. The electromagnet 110 is one Temperature switch 112 controlled, the thermally to the Piston pump 14 is coupled. When exceeding the The temperature switch 112 excites the switching temperature a power amplifier 114 the electromagnet 110, so that it closes the shut-off valve 26. When falling short the temperature switch ends the switching temperature 112 its output signal, so that the shut-off valve 26 is opened again.

Die oben beschriebenen Ausführungsformen des temperaturabhängigen Absperrventils 26 verhindern, daß die Temperatur der Kolbenpumpe 14 die Schalttemperatur überschreitet und beugen damit einer Überhitzung der Kolbenpumpe 14 vor.The above-described embodiments of the temperature-dependent Shut-off valve 26 prevent the temperature the piston pump 14 exceeds the switching temperature and thus prevent the piston pump 14 from overheating.

Claims (11)

Pumpeinrichtung zum Fördern von Dämpfen, insbesondere
   Dämpfen niedersiedender Flüssigkeiten wie Benzin, mit einer Pumpeinheit (14), die in eine Förderleitung (22, 24) einfügbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Reihe zum Einlaß (16) oder zum Auslaß (18) der Pumpeinheit (14) geschaltet ein temperaturabhängig arbeitendes Absperrventil (26) vorgesehen ist, das bei Überschreiten einer vorgegebenen Schalttemperatur schließt.Pump device for conveying vapors, in particular
Steaming low-boiling liquids such as gasoline, with a pump unit (14) which can be inserted into a delivery line (22, 24), characterized in that a temperature-dependent connection in series with the inlet (16) or the outlet (18) of the pump unit (14) working shut-off valve (26) is provided, which closes when a predetermined switching temperature is exceeded. Pumpeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
   daß das temperaturabhängig arbeitende Absperrventil (26) einen durch Wärmeeinwirkung verformbaren Körper (70) aufweist, der zugleich ein Steuerelement darstellt.Pump device according to claim 1, characterized in
that the temperature-dependent shut-off valve (26) has a body (70) which can be deformed by the action of heat and which also represents a control element. Pumpeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
   daß ein temperaturabhängig verformbarer Körper (106) mit einem Steuerelement (102) des Absperrventils (26) zusammenarbeitet.Pump device according to claim 1, characterized in
that a temperature-dependent deformable body (106) cooperates with a control element (102) of the shut-off valve (26). Pumpeinrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch
   gekennzeichnet, daß der temperaturabhängig verformbare Körper ein Bimetall-Körper (70) ist.Pump device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized
characterized in that the temperature-dependent deformable body is a bimetallic body (70). Pumpeinrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
   daß der Bimetall-Körper (70) zwei unterschiedliche stabile Betriebsstellungen umfaßt, wobei in der einen das Absperrventil (26) geöffnet ist und in der anderen das Absperrventil (26) geschlossen ist. Pump device according to claim 4, characterized in
that the bimetallic body (70) comprises two different stable operating positions, the shut-off valve (26) being open in one and the shut-off valve (26) being closed in the other. Pumpeinrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
   daß der Bimetall-Körper (70) eine instabile mittlere Lage aufweist.Pump device according to claim 5, characterized in
that the bimetallic body (70) has an unstable middle position. Pumpeinrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
   daß der Bimetall-Körper (70) schalenförmig ist.Pump device according to claim 6, characterized in
that the bimetallic body (70) is bowl-shaped. Pumpeinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
   dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der temperaturabhängig verformbare Körper ein Dehnstoffelement, insbesondere eine Wachskartusche (106) ist.Pump device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the temperature-dependent deformable body is an expansion element, in particular a wax cartridge (106). Pumpeinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
   dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Absperrventil (26) durch ein in Abhängigkeit vom Ausgangssignal eines thermisch an die Pumpeneinheit (116) angekoppelten Temperatursensors (112) gesteuertes Stellglied (110) betätigt wird.Pump device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the shut-off valve (26) is actuated by an actuator (110) controlled as a function of the output signal of a temperature sensor (112) thermally coupled to the pump unit (116). Pumpeinrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
   daß das Stellglied (110) ein Elektromagnet ist.Pump device according to claim 9, characterized in
that the actuator (110) is an electromagnet. Pumpeinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10,
   dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Absperrventil (26) durch Federkraft in eine seiner Betriebsstellungen vorgespannt ist, vorzugsweise in die Offenstellung.Pump device according to one of claims 9 or 10,
characterized in that the shut-off valve (26) is biased by spring force into one of its operating positions, preferably into the open position.
EP99123667A 1998-12-23 1999-11-29 Vapour feeding pump Expired - Lifetime EP1013931B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19859752A DE19859752A1 (en) 1998-12-23 1998-12-23 Pump device for conveying vapors
DE19859752 1998-12-23

Publications (3)

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EP1013931A2 true EP1013931A2 (en) 2000-06-28
EP1013931A3 EP1013931A3 (en) 2000-12-13
EP1013931B1 EP1013931B1 (en) 2006-02-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99123667A Expired - Lifetime EP1013931B1 (en) 1998-12-23 1999-11-29 Vapour feeding pump

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EP (1) EP1013931B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE317064T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19859752A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2257005T3 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007014918A1 (en) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Dürr GmbH & Co. KG Luft- und Prozessortechnik Petrol vapor pump for use during refueling motor vehicle, has compressor and drive motor that are connected with each other by pluggable detachable coupling, which exhibits coupling elements that are connected with attachments
RU2487269C2 (en) * 2011-03-23 2013-07-10 Федеральное государственное военное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Военный авиационный инженерный университет" (г. Воронеж) Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Reciprocating compressor for explosive gases

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1327055A (en) * 1969-08-29 1973-08-15 Danfoss As Electrical protective arrangement for a reciprocating compres sor
GB1527990A (en) * 1975-12-24 1978-10-11 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method for recovering a vapour
US4407639A (en) * 1981-01-29 1983-10-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Compressor
US4830277A (en) * 1988-04-20 1989-05-16 Demaich Industries, Inc. Thermostatic valve
US5263643A (en) * 1992-12-24 1993-11-23 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Thermally responsive relief valve
US5365963A (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-11-22 Samson Aktiengesellschaft Actuating drive having a safety device
US5571310A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-11-05 Gilbarco Inc. Volatile organic chemical tank ullage pressure reduction

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1327055A (en) * 1969-08-29 1973-08-15 Danfoss As Electrical protective arrangement for a reciprocating compres sor
GB1527990A (en) * 1975-12-24 1978-10-11 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method for recovering a vapour
US4407639A (en) * 1981-01-29 1983-10-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Compressor
US4830277A (en) * 1988-04-20 1989-05-16 Demaich Industries, Inc. Thermostatic valve
US5365963A (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-11-22 Samson Aktiengesellschaft Actuating drive having a safety device
US5263643A (en) * 1992-12-24 1993-11-23 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Thermally responsive relief valve
US5571310A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-11-05 Gilbarco Inc. Volatile organic chemical tank ullage pressure reduction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1013931A3 (en) 2000-12-13
DE59913096D1 (en) 2006-04-13
EP1013931B1 (en) 2006-02-01
DE19859752A1 (en) 2000-08-10
ES2257005T3 (en) 2006-07-16
ATE317064T1 (en) 2006-02-15

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