EP1012941A1 - Limiteur de courant de court-circuit pour un circuit convertisseur comportant un accumulateur capacitif - Google Patents

Limiteur de courant de court-circuit pour un circuit convertisseur comportant un accumulateur capacitif

Info

Publication number
EP1012941A1
EP1012941A1 EP98952521A EP98952521A EP1012941A1 EP 1012941 A1 EP1012941 A1 EP 1012941A1 EP 98952521 A EP98952521 A EP 98952521A EP 98952521 A EP98952521 A EP 98952521A EP 1012941 A1 EP1012941 A1 EP 1012941A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
short
current
current limiter
passive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98952521A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Eric Baudelot
Manfred Bruckmann
Heinz Mitlehner
Benno Weis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1012941A1 publication Critical patent/EP1012941A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1216—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for AC-AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a short-circuit current limitation for a converter circuit with at least one power semiconductor switch with associated freewheeling diode and at least one capacitive memory, which form a short-circuit mesh in the event of a short circuit.
  • converter circuits include, for example, a line-side converter with an output-side voltage intermediate circuit, a load-side converter with an input-side voltage intermediate circuit, a DC chopper
  • an intermediate circuit voltage converter in particular a pulse converter
  • a pulse converter with non-latching power semiconductor switches for example IGBTs, MOSFETs, LTR, hard driven GTO, ARCP
  • a latching power semiconductor switch for example GTOs, MCTs, thyristors.
  • a pulse converter with non-latching power semiconductor switches there are none in the commutation circuit
  • the low inductance value of this pulse converter comes from the parasitic leakage inductances of the low-induction busbar system.
  • a power semiconductor switch When a power semiconductor switch is switched off, it must not only absorb the voltage of the voltage intermediate circuit, but also the inductive voltage drop across the parasitic inductances. The value of this voltage drop depends on the current change and the value of the parasitic inductance. Since switching should occur very quickly for reasons of loss, the parasitic leakage inductance should be kept as small as possible. The value of this parasitic stray inductance is now 100 nH.
  • these power semiconductor switches must have a high short-circuit strength. This means that these power semiconductor switches can run a four to ten times the rated current for a short time. This time period is about 10 ⁇ s, for example. During this time, a very high power loss is implemented in the power semiconductor switches.
  • inductors are arranged in the mutation circuit.
  • these power semiconductor switches each have a protective circuit (snubber circuit), as a result of which the outlay for passive components is quite high. If a short circuit occurs within a pair of bridges of such a pulse converter or a converter with resonant mode of operation (eg quasi-resonant switch, resonant de link converter), the existing inductances limit the increase in the short-circuit current. The amplitude of the short-circuit current also reaches a value of eini ⁇ gen n, m but not so quickly as with direemras- Tenden power semiconductor switches.
  • the inductance In order that a short-circuit current can be switched off by these snap-in power semiconductor switches, the inductance must be chosen to be very large, since a short-circuit strength of the snap-in power semiconductor switch can generally not be achieved. By increasing the existing inductance, the current rise in the short-circuit current is slowed down to such an extent that the latching power semiconductor switch can still switch off the short-circuit current.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is the high cost of both the inductance and the circuit capacitors of the protective circuits, which are required to limit high overvoltages.
  • the power semiconductor switch cannot be operated with its maximum current which can be switched off in nominal operation, since a reserve for the short-circuit switch-off is required.
  • the voltage intermediate circuit and the inductance in the event of a short circuit form a series resonant circuit. So that the free-wheeling diode of the power semiconductor switch cannot be destroyed by the high oscillating current, a jerk oscillation diode arrangement must be connected electrically in parallel with the series connection of the voltage intermediate circuit and the inductance, as a result of which the construction volume and the cost of this converter increase.
  • the invention is based on the object of a short-circuit current limitation for such converter circuits specify, so that the disadvantages listed no longer occur.
  • a passive semiconductor current limiter made of silicon carbide is arranged in a short-circuit mesh, which is formed from the capacitive memory and at least one power semiconductor switch in the event of a short-circuit, the short-circuit can be controlled in a known manner in a known converter circuit described at the outset, without the latter Disadvantages occur.
  • the advantage of this passive semiconductor current limiter made of silicon carbide lies in the ratio of the forward voltage to the limiter current.
  • This passive semiconductor current limiter can be electrically connected in series to the capacitive memory, in a supply line from the capacitive memory to the power semiconductor switch or electrically in series to the power semiconductor switch.
  • this passive semiconductor current limiter made of silicon carbide do not influence the mode of operation and the load of this passive semiconductor current limiter.
  • this passive semiconductor current limiter can be used in all known converter circuits, regardless of whether snap-in or non-snap-in power semiconductor switches are used.
  • the passive power semiconductor current limiter made of silicon carbide runs through its characteristic curve in a very short time, so that the short-circuit current is limited to a limiter current of the passive semiconductor current limiter in the shortest possible time.
  • the short-circuit current limitation is thus carried out solely by the passive semiconductor current limiter made of silicon carbide, so that the choice of the power semiconductor switch or its dimensioning or the construction of a converter circuit are no longer primarily based on a short in the final case must be coordinated.
  • a shutdown device can be activated so that the short-circuit current is interrupted.
  • the positive ⁇ semiconductor current of silicon carbide with an anti-parallel is provided Oberbrückungs diode. This diode is required precisely when energy is fed back from a load into the capacitive memory of the converter circuit. With this feedback, the direction of the current through the passive semiconductor current limiter is reversed. If this feedback current falls below the minimum limit current of the passive semiconductor current limiter, the passive semiconductor current limiter is bridged by means of the diode in the direction of energy recovery. This protects the passive semiconductor current limiter from destruction.
  • a passive semiconductor current limiter with an antiparallel bridging diode can thus be used in converter circuits for short-circuit current limitation in which energy recovery is intended.
  • a free-wheeling diode of the power semiconductor switch with a connection in the power flow direction is installed in front of the passive semiconductor current limiter.
  • the passive semiconductor current limiter is also bridged in the case of energy recovery from a load in the capacitive memory of the converter circuit, without the need to use an additional bridging diode. Due to this special connection of the free-wheeling diode of a power semiconductor switch, this free-wheeling diode takes over the protective task for the passive semiconductor current limiter during energy recovery.
  • a passive semiconductor current Limiter made of silicon carbide with a power semiconductor switch of the converter circuit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a known frequency converter with an advantageous embodiment of the short-circuit current limitation according to the invention, wherein 2 and 3 each show characteristic curves of a passive semiconductor current limiter according to FIG. 1, and wherein in FIGS. 4 and 6 further embodiments of the short-circuit current limitation according to the invention are illustrated in converter circuits.
  • the uncontrolled converter 2 on the network side has two diodes Dn1 and Dn2 or Dn3 and Dn4 per bridge.
  • the voltage intermediate circuit 4 has a capacitive memory C.
  • the three-phase pulse converter 6 has two power semiconductor switches Tl, T2 or T3, T4 or T5, T6, each electrically connected in series, which are each provided with an antiparallel connected Fre lau diode Dl, ..., D6.
  • a passive semiconductor current limiter 12 made of silicon carbide is arranged in the positive lead 8 of the voltage intermediate circuit 4.
  • This passive Halbleiterstrombe ⁇ limiter 12 also st provided with a Uberbruckungs diode D7, which is connected in parallel to the current flow through that semiconductor current 12th
  • This passive semiconductor current limiter 12 made of silicon carbide is known from the older national patent application with the official file number 197 17 614.3 (GR 97 P 1515 DE).
  • the associated characteristic curve of this semiconductor current limiter 12 is shown in more detail in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 showing the characteristic curve of a passive semiconductor current limiter 12 with a memory function.
  • the current I Linuc from which the passive semiconductor current limiter 12 intervenes, is selected such that the passive semiconductor current limiter 12 intervenes above the maximum current occurring in normal operation.
  • the shape of the current flowing through the semiconductor current limiter 12 is irrelevant here, so that the function of the passive semiconductor current limiter 12 is ensured regardless of the application.
  • the passive semiconductor current limiter 12 made of silicon carbide runs through its characteristic curve for a very short time, so that the short circuit current of this time is limited to the value of the limit current I _._ mi.
  • the power semiconductor switches of the short-circuit-retained bridge branch are subjected to little stress, since they hardly absorb any voltage. If the positive semiconductor current limiter 12 limits the short-circuit current to the value of the limit current I 1 , the intermediate circuit voltage U d drops predominantly at the semiconductor current limiter 12. A high power loss is then implemented in this semiconductor current limiter 12.
  • the short-circuit mesh consisting of the capacitive Memory C, the semiconductor current limiter 12 and the power semiconductor switches of a bridge branch of the pulse converter 6 are separated.
  • the voltage drop at the semiconductor current limiter 12 can advantageously be used, from which a dependent on a reference value
  • Control signal for a shutdown device is generated.
  • a device for blocking all control signals of the pulse converter 6 can, for example, be provided as the shutdown device.
  • a defeat also contactors and relays reform can be provided with which the short stitch up ⁇ cut or the drive is disconnected from the mains.
  • the passive semiconductor current limiter 12 made of silicon carbide has the characteristic curve according to FIG. 3, there is no time constraint for the separation of the short-circuit mesh, since this semiconductor current limiter 12 has no high thermal stress.
  • the short-circuit current is not limited to a high level, but to a very low value, which is smaller than the maximum current occurring in normal operation.
  • the short-circuit current limitation does not represent a high thermal load for the power semiconductor switches at this operating point. If this semiconductor current limiter 12 with memory function has absorbed a high voltage, only a very small current flows through it, which does not endanger the semiconductor current limiter 12 thermally . In this case, too, the short-circuit mesh must be separated, with voltage monitoring of the semiconductor current limiter 12 also offering itself. Since this passive semiconductor current limiter 12 only converts a small power loss, there is almost any length of time until the shutdown. If the reason for the short circuit was not a defective power semiconductor switch, the pulse converter 6 is functional again after the current limitation.
  • the pas ⁇ sive semiconductor current 12 need his power to the LEI ⁇ tung ⁇ schreibleiter ⁇ chaltern Tl, ..., T6 Make de ⁇ Pul ⁇ stromrichters 6, which reached by a short pulse inhibit. Subsequently, further operation of the pulse converter 6 is possible without further shutdown.
  • FIG. 4 shows a converter circuit, the voltage intermediate circuit 4 of which has two capacitive memories C1 and C2 which are electrically connected in series, and a passive semiconductor current limiter 12 is arranged in the positive and negative feed lines 8 and 10 of the voltage intermediate circuit 4, respectively.
  • a bridging diode D7 and D8 is electrically connected antiparallel to each semiconductor current limiter 12.
  • the center M of the capacitive memories C1 and C2 is also grounded. If there is a short circuit in phase T against the voltage intermediate circuit center M, the capacitive memory C2 drives a short circuit current via the power semiconductor switch T6. This short-circuit current cannot be limited by the passive semiconductor current limiter 12 in the positive feed line 8 according to FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows an advantageous embodiment of the short-circuit current limiter according to FIG. 4.
  • This advantageous embodiment differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 4 in that the two passive semiconductor current limiters 12 in the positive and negative feed lines 8 and 10 have no bridging diodes D7 and D8 have more.
  • the Function of these bridging diodes D7 and D8 are taken over by the freewheeling diodes D1, ..., D6 of the pulse converter 6 in this advantageous embodiment.
  • the free-wheeling diodes D1, D3 and D5 are not connected to the cardboard sides of the associated power semiconductor switches T1, T3 and T5, but to an input terminal 14 of the passive semiconductor current limiter 12 of the positive lead 8 of the voltage intermediate circuit 4.
  • the free-wheeling diodes D2, D4 and D6 the anode side are not connected to the cathodes of the associated power semiconductor switch T2, T4 and T6, but with, an input terminal 16 of the passive semiconductor ⁇ current limiter 12 10 m to the negative lead of the chip associated voltage intermediate circuit. 4
  • the free-wheeling diode D1, ..., D6 of a power semiconductor switch Tl, ..., T6 with a connection 14, 16 is laid in the power flow direction in front of a passive semiconductor current limiter 12.
  • 6 shows a further embodiment of the short-circuit current limitation for a converter circuit. 6 provided converter circuit has a multi-point
  • a passive semiconductor current limiter 12 is arranged in a bridge branch of the pulse converter 6 or, in the case of a divided capacitive memory C, is assigned to each power semiconductor switch, it is more economical if a passive semiconductor current limiter 12 in a bridge branch module or in a power semiconductor switch module is integrated.
  • This integration of a passive semiconductor current limiter 12 means that an existing frequency converter does not have to be redesigned, so that the known frequency converter is equipped with the short-circuit current limitation according to the invention by exchanging the corresponding modules.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un limiteur de courant de court-circuit comprenant au moins un commutateur de puissance à semi-conducteur (T1, ..., T6) présentant une diode de roue libre (D1, ..., D6) correspondante, ainsi qu'au moins un accumulateur capacitif (C), qui forme, en cas de court-circuit, une maille de court-circuit. Selon l'invention, au moins un limiteur de courant à semi-conducteur (12) passif, constitué de carbure de silicium, est disposé dans ladite maille de court-circuit. De cette façon, en cas de court-circuit, le courant de court-circuit est limité dans le temps le plus court au courant limite (Ilimit) du limiteur de courant à semi-conducteur (12) passif, le commutateur de puissance à semi-conducteur (T1, ..., T6) étant alors soumis à une très faible charge.
EP98952521A 1997-09-09 1998-08-27 Limiteur de courant de court-circuit pour un circuit convertisseur comportant un accumulateur capacitif Withdrawn EP1012941A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997139551 DE19739551A1 (de) 1997-09-09 1997-09-09 Kurzschlußstrombegrenzung für eine Stromrichterschaltung mit einem kapazitiven Speicher
DE19739551 1997-09-09
PCT/DE1998/002532 WO1999013548A1 (fr) 1997-09-09 1998-08-27 Limiteur de courant de court-circuit pour un circuit convertisseur comportant un accumulateur capacitif

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1012941A1 true EP1012941A1 (fr) 2000-06-28

Family

ID=7841756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98952521A Withdrawn EP1012941A1 (fr) 1997-09-09 1998-08-27 Limiteur de courant de court-circuit pour un circuit convertisseur comportant un accumulateur capacitif

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1012941A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19739551A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999013548A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19945945C5 (de) * 1999-09-24 2011-06-16 Continental Automotive Gmbh Schutzschaltung für wenigstens ein kapazitives Stellglied
DE112006004119A5 (de) 2006-09-06 2009-08-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Kurzschlussstrombegrenzer
DE102017102434A1 (de) 2017-02-08 2018-08-09 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren zur Erzielung eines Kurzschlusses eines Elektromotors und Ansteuerschaltung
DE102017106008B4 (de) 2017-03-21 2019-07-04 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Kurzschlusses einer Endstufe eines Elektromotors, vorzugsweise eines elektrisch kommutierten Elektromotors

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3541974A1 (de) * 1985-11-28 1987-06-04 Danfoss As Schutzschaltung fuer die induktionsspule eines magnetisch-induktiven durchflussmessers
DE4330381A1 (de) * 1993-09-08 1995-03-09 Abb Management Ag Schutzschaltung für einen Stromkreis mit einer Kondensatorschaltung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9913548A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999013548A1 (fr) 1999-03-18
DE19739551A1 (de) 1999-03-11

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