Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/0208—Tissues; Wipes; Patches
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a substantially dry, disposable, personal cleansing product useful for both cleansing and conditioning the skin or hair. These products are used by the consumer by wetting the dry product with water.
• the product comprises a water insoluble substrate, a lathering surfactant, and a conditioning emulsion comprising (i) an external phase comprising an oil soluble agent and (ii) an internal phase comprising a water soluble conditioning agent.
• the product effectively delivers water soluble conditioning agents to the skin or hair.
• the substrate enhances lathering at low surfactant levels, increases cleansing and exfoliation, and optimizes delivery and deposition of water soluble conditioning ingredients.
• this invention provides effective cleansing using low levels of surfactant, and hence is less irritating, while providing superior conditioning benefits by delivering both water soluble conditioning agents and oil soluble conditioning agents.
• the invention also encompasses products comprising various active ingredients for delivery to the skin or hair.
• the invention also encompasses a method for cleansing and moisturizing the skin and hair using the products of the present invention and also to methods for manufacturing these products.
• Personal cleansing and conditioning products have traditionally been marketed in a variety of forms such as bar soaps, creams, lotions, and gels. These formulations have attempted to satisfy a number of criteria to be acceptable to consumers. These criteria include cleansing effectiveness, skin feel, mildness to skin, hair, and ocular mucosae, and lather volume. Ideal personal cleansers should gently cleanse the skin or hair, cause little or no irritation, and not leave the skin or hair overly dry after frequent use.
• these traditional forms of personal cleansing products have the inherent problem of balancing -cleansing efficacy against delivering a conditioning benefit.
• One solution to this problem is to use separate cleansing and conditioning products.
• conditioning ingredients are difficult to formulate because many conditioners are incompatible with the surfactants, resulting in an undesirable non-homogenous mixture.
• additional ingredients e.g. emulsifiers, thickeners, and gellants are often added to suspend or emulsify the conditioning ingredients within the surfactant mixture. This results in an aesthetically pleasing homogenous mixture, but often results in poor deposition of conditioning ingredients, because the conditioners are emulsified and not efficiently released during cleansing.
• many conditioning agents have the disadvantage of suppressing lather generation. Lather suppression is a problem because many consumers seek cleansing products that provide a rich, creamy, and generous lather.
• oil soluble conditioning agents e.g., emollients and lipids
• water soluble conditioning agents e.g., humectants
• oil soluble agents can be deposited onto the skin or hair due to their inherent hydrophobic nature.
• deposition of water soluble conditioning agents with traditional cleansers is often difficult since water soluble conditioning agents typically rinse- away leaving only deposition of hydrophobic agents.
• water soluble conditioning agents through the use of multiple emulsions (e.g., a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion). Although theoretically possible, this approach has been difficult in practice due to poor long-term shelf stability and product aesthetics.
• the present invention eliminates this paradigm since the surfactants and the conditioning agents can be separately added directly onto the substrate. In this manner, the water soluble conditioning agents can simply be emulsified into an oil soluble agent and added to the substrate. This simple emulsion remains stable on the substrate and prevents the water soluble conditioning agent from being rinsed-away during the cleansing process since the water soluble conditioner is protected within the emulsion. As a result, the present invention effectively deposits both oil soluble and water soluble conditioning agents to the skin and hair.
• Disposable products are convenient because they obviate the need to carry cumbersome bottles, bars, jars, tubes, and other forms of both cleansing and conditioning products. Disposable products are also a more sanitary alternative to the use of a sponge, washcloth, or other cleansing implement intended for multiple reuse, because such implements develop bacterial growth, unpleasant odors, and other undesirable characteristics related to repeated use.
• the present invention relates to a dry, disposable, personal cleansing product useful for both cleansing and conditioning the skin or hair.
• These products are used by the consumer by wetting the dry product with water.
• the product consists of a water insoluble substrate, a surfactant, and a conditioning emulsion. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the substrate enhances lathering at low surfactant levels, increases cleansing and exfoliation, and optimizes delivery and deposition of both water soluble and oil soluble conditioning ingredients.
• this invention provides effective cleansing using low, and hence less irritating, levels of surfactant while providing superior conditioning benefits. It has also been found that these products are useful for delivering a wide range of active ingredients to the skin or hair during the cleansing process.
• an object of the present invention to provide substantially dry products for both cleansing and conditioning the skin or hair wherein the products are used in combination with water.
• the present invention relates to a disposable, single use personal care cleansing and conditioning product comprising:
• the present invention relates to a disposable, single use personal care cleansing and conditioning product comprising:
• the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a disposable, single use personal care cleansing and conditioning product comprising the step of separately or simultaneously adding onto or impregnating into a water insoluble substrate
• the present invention further comprises an emulsifier capable of forming an emulsion of said internal and external phase.
• the present invention relates to methods for cleansing and conditioning the skin or hair with the personal cleansing products described herein.
• the present invention relates to methods of depositing conditioning agents to the skin or hair.
• the personal cleansing products of the present invention are highly efficacious for cleansing the skin or hair, yet, provide effective deposition of water soluble conditioning agents.
• the present invention is also highly efficacious for cleansing and effectively depositing both water soluble and oil soluble conditioning agents. These products can also contain other active ingredients to be deposited onto the skin or hair.
• the substrate significantly contributes to generation of lather and deposition of conditioning agents and any other active ingredients. It is believed that this increase in lathering is the result of the surface action of the substrate. As a result, milder and significantly lower amounts of surfactants may be employed. The decreased amount of required surfactant is believed to relate to the decrease in the drying effect of the skin or hair by the surfactants. Furthermore, the decreased amount of surfactant dramatically lowers the inhibitory action (e.g., via emulsification or direct removal by the surfactants) of surfactants to deposition of conditioning agents.
• the substrate also enhances deposition of active ingredients and conditioning agents in addition to the conditioning agents in the conditioning emulsion. Since the invention is in dry form, the invention does not require additional emulsifiers to make the product homogeneous, which can inhibit deposition of conditioning agents and active ingredients. Furthermore, because the skin conditioners and active ingredients are dried onto or impregnated into the substrate, they are transferred directly to the skin or hair by surface contact of the wetted product to the skin.
• the substrate also enhances cleansing.
• the substrate can have differing textures on each side, e.g. a rough side and a smooth side.
• the substrate acts as an efficient lathering and exfoliating implement. By physically coming into contact with the skin or hair, the substrate significantly aids in cleansing and removal of dirt, makeup, dead skin, and other debris.
• a “lathering surfactant” is meant a surfactant, which when combined with water and mechanically agitated generates a foam or lather.
• these surfactants should be mild, which means that these surfactants provide sufficient cleansing or detersive benefits but do not overly dry the skin or hair, and yet meet the lathering criteria described above.
• water-activated means that the present invention is presented to the consumer in dry form to be used after wetting with water. It is found that these products produce a lather or are “activated” upon contact with water and further agitation.
• substantially dry means that the product is substantially free of water and generally feels dry to the touch.
• the products of the present invention comprise less than about 15% by weight of water, preferably less than about 7.5% by weight of water, and more preferably less than about 3% by weight of water, the forgoing measured in a dry environment, e.g., low humidity.
• a dry environment e.g., low humidity.
• water content of a product such as in the present invention can vary with the relative humidity of the environment.
• conditioning emulsion means the combination of an internal phase comprising a water soluble conditioning agent that is enveloped by an external phase comprising an oil soluble agent.
• the conditioning emulsion would further comprise an emulsifer.
• mimild as used herein in reference to the lathering surfactants and products of the present invention means that the products of the present invention demonstrate skin mildness comparable to a mild alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate (AGS) surfactant based synthetic bar, i.e. synbar. Methods for measuring mildness, or inversely the irritancy, of surfactant containing products, are based on a skin barrier destruction test.
• the personal care products of the present invention comprise the following essential components: a water insoluble substrate; a lathering surfactant; and a conditioning emulsion. Additional active ingredients can also be included either on the substrate or within the emulsion. In addition, conditioning agents described in the conditioning emulsion section infra can be added onto the substrate separately from the conditioning emulsion. An alternative, preferred method is to apply the surfactant, the conditioning emulsion, and additional active ingredient separately to the substrate.
• the products of the present invention comprise a water insoluble substrate.
• water insoluble is meant that the substrate does not dissolve in or readily break apart upon immersion in water.
• the water insoluble substrate is the implement or vehicle for delivering the lathering surfactant and the conditioning component of the present invention to the skin or hair to be cleansed and conditioned.
• the substrate by providing mechanical agitation provides a lather generating effect and also aids in the deposition of the conditioning component.
• a wide variety of materials can be used as the substrate. The following nonlimiting characteristics are -desirable: (i) sufficient wet strength for use, (ii) sufficient abrasivity, (iii) sufficient loft and porosity, (iv) sufficient thickness, and (v) appropriate size.
• Nonlimiting examples of suitable insoluble substrates which meet the above criteria include nonwoven substrates, woven substrates, hydroentangled substrates, air entangled substrates, natural sponges, synthetic sponges, polymeric netted meshes, and the like.
• Preferred embodiments employ nonwoven substrates since they are economical and readily available in a variety of materials.
• nonwoven is meant that the layer is comprised of fibers which are not woven into a fabric but rather are formed into a sheet, mat, or pad layer.
• the fibers can either be random (i.e., randomly aligned) or they can be carded (i.e. combed to be oriented in primarily one direction).
• the nonwoven substrate can be composed of a combination of layers of random and carded fibers.
• Nonwoven substrates may be comprised of a variety of materials both natural and synthetic.
• natural is meant that the materials are derived from plants, animals, insects or byproducts of plants, animals, and insects.
• synthetic is meant that the materials are obtained primarily from various man-made materials or from natural materials which have been further altered.
• the conventional base starting material is usually a fibrous web comprising any of the common synthetic or natural textile-length fibers, or mixtures thereof.
• Nonlimiting examples of natural materials useful in the present invention are silk fibers, keratin fibers and cellulosic fibers.
• Nonlimiting examples of keratin fibers include those selected from the group consisting of wool fibers, camel hair fibers, and the like.
• Nonlimiting examples of cellulosic fibers include those selected from the group consisting of wood pulp fibers, cotton fibers, hemp fibers, jute fibers, flax fibers, and mixtures thereof.
• Nonlimiting examples of synthetic materials useful in the present invention include those selected from the group consisting of acetate fibers, acrylic fibers, cellulose ester fibers, modacrylic fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, rayon fibers, polyurethane foam, and mixtures thereof.
• acrylics such as acrilan, creslan, and the.acrylonitrile-based fiber, orlon
• cellulose ester fibers such as cellulose acetate, arnel, and accelerator
• polyamides such as nylons (e.g., nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, and the like); polyesters such as fortrel, kodel, and the polyethylene terephthalate fiber, dacron
• polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene
• polyvinyl acetate fibers polyurethane foams and mixtures thereof.
• Nonwoven substrates made from natural materials consist of webs or sheets most commonly formed on a fine wire screen from a liquid suspension of the fibers. See CA. Hampel et al., The Encyclopedia of Chemistry, third edition, 1973, pp. 793-795 (1973); The Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 21, pp. 376-383 (1984); and G. A. Smook, Handbook of Pulp and Paper Technologies. Technical Association for the Pulp and Paper Industry (1986); which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
• Substrates made from natural materials useful in the present invention can be obtained from a wide variety of commercial sources.
• suitable commercially available paper layers useful herein include Airtex ⁇ -, an embossed airlaid cellulosic layer having a base weight of about 71 gsy, available from James River, Green Bay, WI; and Walkisoft ⁇ -, an embossed airlaid cellulosic having a base weight of about 75 gsy, available from Walkisoft U.S.A., Mount Holly, NC.
• nonwoven substrates are well known in the art.
• these nonwoven substrates can be made by air-laying, water-laying, meltblowing, coforming, spunbonding, or carding processes in which the fibers or filaments are first cut to desired lengths from long strands, passed into a water or air stream, and then deposited onto a screen through which the fiber-laden air or water is passed.
• the resulting layer regardless of its method of production or composition, is then subjected to at least one of several types of bonding operations to anchor the individual fibers together to form a self-sustaining web.
• the nonwoven layer can be prepared by a variety of processes including hydroentanglement, thermally bonding or thermo-bonding, and combinations of these processes.
• the substrates of the present invention can consist of a single layer or multiple layers.
• a multilayered substrate can include films and other nonfibrous materials.
• Nonwoven substrates made from synthetic materials useful in the present invention can also be obtained from a wide variety of commercial sources.
• suitable nonwoven layer materials useful herein include HEF 40-047, an apertured hydroentangled material containing about 50% rayon and 50% polyester, and having a basis weight of about 43 grams per square yard (gsy), available from Veratec, Inc., Walpole, MA; HEF 140-102, an apertured hydroentangled material containing about 50% rayon and 50% polyester, and having a basis weight of about 56 gsy, available from Veratec, Inc., Walpole, MA; NovonetR 149-616, a thermo-bonded grid patterned material containing about 100% polypropylene, and having a basis weight of about 50 gsy, available from Veratec, Inc., Walpole, MA; Novonet ⁇ - 149-801, a thermo-bonded grid patterned material containing about 69% rayon, about 25% polypropylene, and about 6% cotton, and having a basis weight of about 75 gsy, available from Vera
• Walpole, MA NovonetR 149-191, a thermo-bonded grid patterned material containing about 69% rayon, about 25% polypropylene, and about 6% cotton, and having a basis weight of about 100 gsy, available from Veratec, Inc. Walpole, MA; HEF Nubtex ⁇ 149-801, a nubbed, apertured hydroentangled material, containing about 100% polyester, and having a basis weight of about 70 gsy, available from Veratec, Inc.
• the water insoluble substrate can be a polymeric mesh sponge as described in European Patent No. EP 702550 Al published March 27, 1996, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
• the polymeric sponge comprises a plurality of plies of an extruded tubular netting mesh prepared from a strong flexible polymer, such as addition polymers of olefin monomers and polyamides of polycarboxylic acids.
• these polymeric sponges are designed to be used in conjunction with a liquid cleanser, these types of sponges can be used as the water insoluble substrate in the present invention.
• the substrate can be made into a wide variety of shapes and forms including flat pads, thick pads, thin sheets, ball-shaped implements, irregularly shaped implements, and having sizes ranging from a surface area of about a square inch to about hundreds of square inches. The exact size will depend upon the desired use and product characteristics. Especially convenient are square, circular, rectangular, or oval pads having a surface area of from about 1 in ⁇ to about 144 in ⁇ , preferably from about 10 in ⁇ to about 120 in ⁇ , and more preferably from about 30 in ⁇ to about 80 in ⁇ , and a thickness of from about 1 mil to about 500 mil, preferably from about 5 mil to about 250 mil, and more preferably from about 10 mil to about 100 mil.
• the water insoluble substrates of the present invention can comprise two or more layers, each having different textures and abrasiveness.
• the differing textures can result from the use of different combinations of materials or from the use of different manufacturing processes or a combination thereof.
• a dual textured substrate can be made to provide the advantage of having a more abrasive side for exfoliation and a softer, absorbent side for gentle cleansing.
• separate layers of the substrate can be manufactured to have different colors, thereby helping the user to further distinguish the surfaces.
• the products of the present invention typically comprise from about 0.5% to about 40%, preferably from about 0.75% to about 20%, and more preferably from about 1% to about 10%, based on the weight of the water insoluble substrate, of a lathering surfactant.
• a lathering surfactant is meant a surfactant, which when combined with water and mechanically agitated generates a foam or lather.
• these surfactants or combinations of surfactants should be mild, which means that these surfactants provide sufficient cleansing or detersive benefits but do not overly dry the skin or hair, and yet meet the lathering criteria described above.
• lathering surfactants include those selected from the group consisting of anionic lathering surfactants, nonionic lather surfactants, amphotheric lathering surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
• the lathering surfactants do not strongly interfere with deposition of the conditioning agents, e.g., are fairly water soluble, and usually have an HLB value of above 10.
• Cationic surfactants can also be used as optional components, provided they do not negatively impact the overall lathering characteristics of the required, lathering surfactants.
• Anionic Lathering Surfactants are useful herein and include those selected from the group consisting of anionic lathering surfactants, nonionic lather surfactants, amphotheric lathering surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
• the lathering surfactants do not strongly interfere with deposition of the conditioning agents, e.g., are fairly water soluble, and usually have an HLB value of above 10.
• Cationic surfactants can also be used as optional components, provided
• anionic lathering surfactants useful in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers. North American edition (1986), published by allured Publishing Corporation; McCutcheon's, Functional Materials. North American Edition (1992); and U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678, to Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975 all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
• anionic lathering surfactants include those selected from the group consisting of sarcosinates, sulfates, isethionates, taurates, phosphates, lactylates, glutamates and mixtures thereof.
• anionic lathering surfactants include those selected from the group consisting of sarcosinates, sulfates, isethionates, taurates, phosphates, lactylates, glutamates and mixtures thereof.
• the alkoyl isethionates are preferred, and amongst the sulfates, the alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates are preferred.
• the alkoyl isethionates typically have the formula
• RCO-OCH 2 CH 2 SO 3 M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and triethanolamine.
• isethionates include those alkoyl isethionates selected from the group consisting of ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, and mixtures thereof.
• the alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates typically have the respective formulae ROSO 3 M and RO(C 2 H 4 O) ⁇ SO 3 M, wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is from about 1 to about 10, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and triethanolamine.
• R is alkyl or alkenyl of from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms
• x is from about 1 to about 10
• M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and triethanolamine.
• Another suitable class of anionic surfactants are the water-soluble salts of the organic, sulfuric acid reaction products of the general formula: wherein R, is chosen from the group consisting of a straight or branched chain, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from about 8 to about 24, preferably about 10 to about 16, carbon atoms; and M is a cation.
• anionic synthetic surfactants include the class designated as succinamates, olefin sulfonates having about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, and b-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates. Examples of these materials are sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate.
• soaps i.e. alkali metal salts, e.g., sodium or potassium salts
• fatty acids typically having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.
• the fatty acids used in making the soaps can be obtained from natural sources such as, for instance, plant or animal-derived glycerides (e.g., palm oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, castor oil, tallow, lard, etc.)
• the fatty acids can also be synthetically prepared. Soaps are described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 4,557,853, cited above.
• anionic materials include phosphates such as monoalkyl, dialkyl, and trialkylphosphate salts.
• Other anionic materials include alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the formula RCON(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and alkanolamine (e.g., triethanolamine), preferred examples of which are sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate, and sodium myristoyl sarcosinate.
• TEA salts of sarcosinates are also useful.
• taurates which are based on taurine, which is also known as 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid.
• taurates having carbon chains between Cg and C1 are also useful.
• taurates include N-alkyltaurines such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate according to the teaching of U.S. Patent 2,658,072 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• Further nonlimiting examples include ammonium, sodium, potassium and alkanolamine (e.g., triethanolamine) salts of lauroyl methyl taurate, myristoyl methyl taurate, and cocoyl methyl taurate.
• lactylates especially those having carbon chains between Cg and C ⁇ .
• lactylates include ammonium, sodium, potassium and alkanolamine (e.g., triethanolamine) salts of lauroyl lactylate, cocoyl lactylate, lauroyl lactylate, and caproyl lactylate.
• glutamates especially those having carbon chains between Cg and C ⁇ .
• glutamates include ammonium, sodium, potassium and alkanolamine (e.g., triethanolamine) salts of lauroyl glutamate, myristoyl glutamate, and cocoyl glutamate.
• Nonlimiting examples of preferred anionic lathering surfactants useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium trideceth sulfate, ammonium cetyl sulfate, sodium cetyl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl lactylate, triethanolamine lauroyl lactylate, sodium caproyl lactylate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium myristoyl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl methyl taurate, sodium cocoyl methyl taurate, sodium lauroyl glutamate, sodium myristoyl glutamate, and sodium cocoyl glutamate and mixtures thereof-
• ammonium lauryl sulfate ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium lauroyl lactylate, and triethanolamine lauroyl lactylate.
• Nonionic Lathering Surfactants are particularly preferred for use herein.
• Nonlimiting examples of nonionic lathering surfactants for use in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers. North American edition (1986), published by allured Publishing Corporation; and McCutcheon's, Functional Materials. North American Edition (1992); both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
• Nonionic lathering surfactants useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglucosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, alkoxylated fatty acid esters, sucrose esters, amine oxides, and mixtures thereof.
• Alkyl glucosides and alkyl polyglucosides are useful herein, and can be broadly defined as condensation products of long chain alcohols, e.g. C8-30 alcohols, with sugars or starches or sugar or starch polymers, i.e., glycosides or polyglycosides.
• These compounds can be represented by the formula (S) n -O-R wherein S is a sugar moiety such as glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose; n is an integer of from about 1 to about 1000, and R is a C8-30 alkyl group.
• long chain alcohols from which the alkyl group can be derived include decyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and the like.
• Preferred examples of these surfactants include those wherein S is a glucose moiety, R is a C8-20 alkyl group, and n is an integer of from about 1 to about 9.
• Commercially available examples of these surfactants include decyl polyglucoside (available as APG 325 CS from Henkel) and lauryl polyglucoside (available as APG 600CS and 625 CS from Henkel).
• sucrose ester surfactants such as sucrose cocoate and sucrose laurate.
• nonionic surfactants include polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants, more specific examples of which include glucosamides, corresponding to the structural formula: o R1
• R is H, ⁇ -C , alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy- propyl, preferably
• Z is a polhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with a least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof.
• Z preferably is a sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and mixtures thereof.
• An especially preferred surfactant corresponding to the above structure is coconut alkyl N-methyl glucoside amide (i.e., wherein the
• R CO- moiety is derived from coconut oil fatty acids).
• Processes for making compositions containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are disclosed, for example, in G.B. Patent Specification 809,060, published February 18, 1959, by Thomas
• nonionic surfactants include amine oxides.
• Amine oxides correspond to the general formula R1R2R3NO, wherein R1 contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxy alkyl radical of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties, and from 0 to about 1 glyceryl moiety, and R2 and R3 contain from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms and from 0 to about 1 hydroxy group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, or hydroxypropyl radicals.
• the arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a semipolar bond.
• amine oxides suitable for use in this invention include dimethyl- dodecylamine oxide, oleyldi(2-hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyl-decylamine oxide, dimethyl-tetradecylamine oxide, 3,6,9- trioxaheptadecyldiethylamine oxide, di(2-hydroxyethyl)-tetradecylamine oxide, 2- dodecoxyethyldimethylamine oxide, 3 -dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyldi(3 - hydroxypropyl)amine oxide, dimethylhexadecylamine oxide.
• Nonlimiting examples of preferred nonionic surfactants for use herein are those selected form the group consisting of C8-C14 glucose amides, C8-C14 alkyl polyglucosides, sucrose cocoate, sucrose laurate, lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, and mixtures thereof.
• Amphoteric Lathering Surfactants are those selected form the group consisting of C8-C14 glucose amides, C8-C14 alkyl polyglucosides, sucrose cocoate, sucrose laurate, lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, and mixtures thereof.
• amphoteric lathering surfactant is also intended to encompass zwitterionic surfactants, which are well known to formulators skilled in the art as a subset of amphoteric surfactants.
• amphoteric lathering surfactants can be used in the compositions of the present invention. Particularly useful are those which are broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, preferably wherein the nitrogen is in a cationic state, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the radicals contains an ionizable water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
• an ionizable water solubilizing group e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
• Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric surfactants useful in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers. North American edition (1986), published by allured Publishing Corporation; and McCutcheon's, Functional Materials. North American Edition (1992); both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
• Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are those selected from the group consisting of betaines, sultaines, hydroxysultaines, alkyliminoacetates, iminodialkanoates, aminoalkanoates, and mixtures thereof.
• betaines include the higher alkyl betaines, such as coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine (available as Lonzaine 16SP from Lonza Corp.), lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfopropyl betaine, amidobetaines and amidosulfobetaines (wherein the RCONH(CH ⁇ ) 3 radical is attached to the nitrogen atom of the betaine), oleyl betaine (available as
• sultaines and hydroxysultaines include materials such as cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (available as Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc).
• amphoteric surfactants having the following structure:
• R* is unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain alkyl having from about 9 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• Preferred R! has from about 11 to about 18 carbon atoms; more preferably from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; more preferably still from about 14 to about 18 carbon atoms; m is an integer from 1 to about 3, more preferably from about 2 to about 3, and more preferably about 3; n is either 0 or 1, preferably 1;
• R ⁇ and R- are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl having from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, unsubstituted or mono-substituted with hydroxy, preferred R ⁇ and R ⁇ are CH3;
• X is selected from the group consisting of CO2, SO3 and SO4;
• R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain alkyl, unsubstituted or monosubstituted with hydroxy, having from 1 to about 5 carbon atom
• R ⁇ preferably has 1 or 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 carbon atom.
• R ⁇ preferably has from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 carbon atoms.
• amphoteric surfactants of the present invention include the following compounds:
• Cetyl dimethyl betaine (this material also has the CTFA designation cetyl betaine)
• R has from about 9 to about 13 carbon atoms Cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine
• R has from about 9 to about 13 carbon atoms
• alkyliminoacetates examples include alkyliminoacetates, and iminodialkanoates and aminoalkanoates of the formulas RN[CH ) CO-M]- and RNH(CH-) CO ⁇ M wherein m is from 1 to 4, R is a Cg-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, and M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal ammonium, or alkanolammonium. Also included are imidazolinium and ammonium derivatives.
• amphoteric surfactants include sodium 3-dodecyl-aminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, N-higher alkyl aspartic acids such as those . produced according to the teaching of U.S. Patent 2,438,091 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; and the products sold under the trade name "Miranol” and described in U.S. Patent 2,528,378, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• Other examples of useful amphoterics include amphoteric phosphates, such as coamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate (commercially available as Monaquat PTC, from Mona Corp.). Also useful are amphoacetates such as disodium lauroamphodiacetate, sodium lauroamphoacetate, and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred lathering surfactants for use herein are the following, wherein the anionic lathering surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium trideceth sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium cetyl sulfate, sodium lauroyl lactylate, triethanolamine lauroyl lactylate, and mixtures thereof; wherein the nonionic lathering surfactant is selected from the group consisting of lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, decyl polyglucose, lauryl polyglucose, sucrose cocoate, C12-14 glucosamides, sucrose laurate
• the products of the present invention comprise a conditioning emulsion which is useful for providing a conditioning benefit to the skin or hair during the use of the product.
• the conditioning emulsion comprises from about 0.25% to about 150%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 100%, and more preferably from about 1% to about 50% by weight of said water insoluble substrate.
• a conditioning emulsion is meant a combination of an internal phase comprising a water soluble conditioning agent that is enveloped by an external phase comprising an oil soluble agent.
• the conditioning emulsion would further comprise an emulsifer.
• the conditioning emulsion of the present invention comprises (i) an internal phase comprising water soluhle conditioning agents, and (ii) an external phase comprising oil soluble agents.
• the conditioning emulsion further comprises an emulsifier capable of forming an emulsion of said internal and external phases.
• an emulsifier capable of forming an emulsion of the internal and external phases is preferred in the present invention, it is recognized in the art of skin care formulations that a water soluble conditioning agent can be enveloped by an oil soluble agent without an emulsifier. As long as the water soluble conditioning agent is enveloped by the oil soluble agent, thereby protected from being rinsed away during the cleansing process, the composition would be within the scope of the present invention.
• the oil soluble agent is selected from one or more oil soluble agents such that the weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of the oil soluble agent is less than or equal to 10.5.
• the water soluble conditioning agent is selected from one or more water soluble conditioning agents such that the weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of the water soluble conditioning agent is greater than 10.5. It is recognized, based on this mathematical definition of solubility parameters, that it is possible, for example, to achieve the required weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter, i.e. less than or equal to 10.5, for an oil soluble conditioning agent comprising two or more compounds if one of the compounds has an individual solubility parameter greater than 10.5.
• Solubility parameters are well known to the formulation chemist of ordinary skill in the art and are routinely used as a guide for determining compatibilities and solubilities of materials in the formulation process.
• the solubility parameter of a chemical compound, ⁇ is defined as the square root of the cohesive energy density for that compound.
• a solubility parameter for a compound is calculated from tabulated values of the additive group contributions for the heat of vaporization and molar volume of the components of that compound, using the following equation:
• ⁇ m the sum of the molar volume additive group contributions i i
• Solubility parameters obey the law of mixtures such that the solubility parameter for a mixture of materials is given by the weighted arithmetic mean (i.e. the weighted average) of the solubility parameters for each component of that mixture. See, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 57th edition, CRC Press, p. C- 726 (1976-1977), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Formulation chemists typically report and use solubility parameters in units of (cal/cm3)l/2 The tabulated values of additive group contributions for heat of vaporization in the Handbook of Solubility Parameters are reported in units of kJ/mol. However, these tabulated heat of vaporization values are readily converted to cal/mol using the following well-known relationships:
• Solubility parameters have also been tabulated for a wide variety of chemical materials. Tabulations of solubility parameters are found in the above-cited Handbook of Solubility Parameters. Also, see “Solubility Effects In Product, Package, Penetration, And Preservation", CD. Vaughan, Cosmetics and Toiletries, vol. 103, October 1988, pp. 47-69, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
• the external phase of the conditioning emulsion comprises an oil soluble agent.
• Any oil soluble agent or a combination of oil soluble agents having a weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of less than or equal to 10.5 can be used in the external phase.
• the oil soluble agent is an oil soluble conditioning agent used to condition the skin or hair.
• conditioning agents useful as oil soluble conditioning agents include those selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, petrolatum, C7-C40 branched chain hydrocarbons, C1-C30 alcohol esters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, C1-C30 alcohol esters of C2-C30 dicarboxylic acids, monoglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, diglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, triglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol monoesters of Cl- C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, propylene glycol monoesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, propyl ene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, C1-C30 carboxylic acid monoesters and polyesters of sugars, polydialkylsiloxanes, polydiarylsiloxanes, polyalkarylsiloxanes,
• Mineral oil which is also known as petrolatum liquid, is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. See The Merck Index, Tenth Edition, Entry 7048, p. 1033 (1983) and International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fifth Edition, vol. 1, p.415-417 (1993), which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
• Petrolatum which is also known as petroleum jelly, is a colloidal system of nonstraight-chain solid hydrocarbons and high-boiling liquid hydrocarbons, in which most of the liquid hydrocarbons are held inside the micelles. See The Merck Index, Tenth Edition, Entry 7047, p. 1033 (1983); Schindler, Drug. Cosmet. Ind.. 89, 36- 37, 76, 78-80, 82 (1961); and International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fifth Edition, vol. 1, p. 537 (1993), which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
• Straight and branched chain hydrocarbons having from about 7 to about 40 carbon atoms are useful herein.
• these hydrocarbon materials include dodecane, isododecane, squalane, cholesterol, hydrogenated polyisobutylene, docosane (i.e. a C22 hydrocarbon), hexadecane, isohexadecane (a commercially available hydrocarbon sold as Permethyl® 101 A by Presperse, South Plainfield, NJ).
• dodecane i.e. a C22 hydrocarbon
• hexadecane isohexadecane
• C7-C40 isoparaffins which are C7-C40 branched hydrocarbons.
• C1-C30 alcohol esters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids and of C2- C30 dicarboxylic acids including straight and branched chain materials as well as aromatic derivatives.
• esters such as monoglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, diglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, triglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol monoesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, propylene glycol monoesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, and propylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids.
• Straight chain, branched chain and aryl carboxylic acids are included herein. Also useful are propoxylated and ethoxylated derivatives of these materials.
• Nonlimiting examples include diisopropyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, myristyl propionate, ethylene glycol distearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, isodecyl neopentanoate, di-2-ethylhexyl maleate, cetyl palmitate, myristyl myristate, stearyl stearate, cetyl stearate, behenyl behenrate, dioctyl maleate, dioctyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, cetyl octanoate, diisopropyl dilinoleate, caprilic/capric triglyceride, P
• esters are derived from a sugar or polyol moiety and one or more carboxylic acid moieties. Depending on the constituent acid and sugar, these esters can be in either liquid or solid form at room temperature.
• liquid esters include: glucose tetraoleate, the glucose tetraesters of soybean oil fatty acids (unsaturated), the mannose tetraesters of mixed soybean oil fatty acids, the galactose tetraesters of oleic acid, the arabinose tetraesters of linoleic acid, xylose tetralinoleate, galactose pentaoleate, sorbitol tetraoleate, the sorbitol hexaesters of unsaturated soybean oil fatty acids, xylitol pentaoleate, sucrose tetraoleate, sucrose pentaoletate, sucrose hexaoleate, sucrose hepatoleate, sucrose octaoleate, and mixtures thereof.
• solid esters include: sorbitol hexaester in which the carboxylic acid ester moieties are palmitoleate and arachidate in a 1 :2 molar ratio; the octaester of raffinose in which the carboxylic acid ester moieties are linoleate and behenate in a 1 :3 molar ratio; the heptaester of maltose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are sunflower seed oil fatty acids and lignocerate in a 3:4 molar ratio; the octaester of sucrose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are oleate and behenate in a 2:6 molar ratio; and the octaester of sucrose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are laurate, linoleate and behenate in a 1 :3:4 molar ratio.
• a preferred solid material is sucrose polyester in which the degree of esterification is 7-8, and in which the fatty acid moieties are C18 mono- and/or di- unsaturated and behenic, in a molar ratio of unsaturates:behenic of 1:7 to 3:5.
• a particularly preferred solid sugar polyester is the octaester of sucrose in which there are about 7 behenic fatty acid moieties and about 1 oleic acid moiety in the molecule.
• Other materials include cottonseed oil or soybean oil fatty acid esters of sucrose.
• the ester materials are further described in, U.S. Patent No. 2,831,854, U.S. Patent No. 4,005,196, to Jandacek, issued January 25, 1977; U.S. Patent No.
• Nonvolatile silicones such as polydialkylsiloxanes, polydiarylsiloxanes, and polyalkarylsiloxanes are also useful oils. These silicones are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,069,897, to Orr, issued December 3, 1991, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
• the polyalkylsiloxanes correspond to the general chemical formula R3SiO[R2SiO] x SiR3 wherein R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl) and x is an integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight.
• polyalkylsiloxanes include the polydimethylsiloxanes, which are also known as dimethicones, nonlimiting examples of which include the Vicasil® series sold by General Electric Company and the Dow Corning® 200 series sold by Dow Corning Corporation.
• polydimethylsiloxanes useful herein include Dow Corning® 225 fluid having a viscosity of 10 centistokes and a boiling point greater than 200°C, and Dow Corning® 200 fluids having viscosities of 50, 350, and 12,500 centistokes, respectively, and boiling points greater than 200°C
• materials such as trimethylsiloxysilicate, which is a polymeric material corresponding to the general chemical formula [(CH2)3SiO ⁇ /2J ⁇ [Si ⁇ 2]y, wherein x is an integer from about 1 to about 500 and y is an integer from about 1 to about 500.
• a commercially available trimethylsiloxysilicate is sold as a mixture with dimethicone as Dow Corning® 593 fluid.
• dimethiconols which are hydroxy terminated dimethyl silicones. These materials can be represented by the general chemical formulas R 3 SiO[R 2 SiO] x SiR2 ⁇ H and HOR2SiO[R SiO] x SiR 2 OH wherein R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl) and x is an integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight.
• R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl) and x is an integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight.
• Commercially available dimethiconols are typically sold as mixtures with dimethicone or cyclomethicone (e.g. Dow Corning® 1401, 1402, and 1403 fluids).
• polyalkylaryl siloxanes with polymethylphenyl siloxanes having viscosities from about 15 to about 65 centistokes at 25°C being preferred.
• These materials are available, for example, as SF 1075 methylphenyl fluid (sold by General Electric Company) and 556 Cosmetic Grade phenyl trimethicone fluid (sold by Dow Corning Corporation).
• Vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils are also useful herein.
• examples of vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils include safflower oil, castor oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, menhaden oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, rice bran oil, pine oil, sesame oil, sunflower seed oil, hydrogenated safflower oil, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated coconut oil, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated menhaden oil, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated peanut oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, hydrogenated linseed oil, hydrogenated rice bran oil, hydrogenated sesame oil, hydrogenated sunflower seed oil, and mixtures thereof.
• C4-C20 alkyl ethers of polypropylene glycols C1-C20 carboxylic acid esters of polypropylene glycols, and di-C8-C30 alkyl ethers.
• Nonlimiting examples of these materials include PPG- 14 butyl ether, PPG- 15 stearyl ether, dioctyl ether, dodecyl octyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
• the internal phase of the conditioning emulsion comprises a water soluble conditioning agent.
• a water soluble conditioning agent or a combination of water soluble conditioning agents having a weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of greater than 10.5 can be used in the internal phase.
• any water soluble ingredient listed in the "Additional Ingredients" and "Active Ingredients” may be incorporated into the internal phase of the conditioning emulsion provided that the water soluble ingredient is compatible with the water soluble conditioning agent and does not promote instability of the conditioning emulsion.
• Nonlimiting examples of conditioning agents useful as water soluble conditioning agents include those selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, polypropylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, ureas, pyrolidone carboxylic acids, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated C3-C6 diols and triols, alpha-hydroxy C2-C6 carboxylic acids, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated sugars, polyacrylic acid copolymers, sugars having up to about 12 carbons atoms, sugar alcohols having up to about 12 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
• useful water soluble conditioning agents include materials such as urea; guanidine; glycolic acid and glycolate salts (e.g., ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium); lactic acid and lactate salts (e.g.
• aloe vera in any of its variety of forms (e.g., aloe vera gel), chitin, honey extract, starch-grafted sodium polyacrylates such as Sanwet (RTM) IM-1000, IM-1500, and IM-2500 (available from Celanese Superabsorbent Materials, Portsmouth, VA); lactamide monoethanolamine; acetamide monoethanolamine; and mixtures thereof.
• RTM Sanwet
• IM-1000, IM-1500, and IM-2500 available from Celanese Superabsorbent Materials, Portsmouth, VA
• lactamide monoethanolamine acetamide monoethanolamine
• propoxylated glycerols as described in propoxylated glycerols described in U.S. Patent No. 4,976,953, to Orr et al., issued December 11, 1990, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
• the internal phase can also optionally comprise water. Just enough water to solubilize the water soluble conditioning agent is needed. In general, the amount of water varies depending upon the material that needs to be dissolved, e.g., solubility in water and rheology. Thus, water soluble agents, which are solid or very viscous at processing temperatures, require more water than a material which is less viscous or liquid at processing temperatures. Similarly, water soluble conditioning agents which have high solubility in water would require less water than conditioning agents that have low solubility in water.
• the internal phase can optionally comprise other water-soluble or dispersible materials that do not adversely affect the stability of the conditioning emulsion. One such material is a water-soluble electrolyte.
• the dissolved electrolyte minimizes the tendency of materials present in the lipid phase to also dissolve in the water phase.
• Any electrolyte capable of imparting ionic strength to the internal phase can be used.
• Suitable electrolytes include the water soluble mono-, di- or trivalent inorganic salts such as water-soluble halides, e.g., chlorides, nitrates and sulfates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. Examples of such electrolytes include sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and sodium bicarbonate.
• the electrolyte will typically be included in a concentration in the range of from about 1 to about 20% of the internal phase.
• thickeners and viscosity modifiers include water-soluble polyacrylic and hydrophobically modified polyacrylic resins such as Carbopol and Pemulen, starches such as corn starch, potato starch, tapioca, gums such as guar gum, gum arabic, cellulose ethers such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and the like.
• These thickeners and viscosity modifiers will typically be included in a concentration in the range of from about 0.05 to about 0.5% of the internal phase.
• water soluble or dispersible materials that can be present in the internal water phase include polycationic polymers to provide steric stabilization at the water-lipid interface and nonionic polymers that also stabilize the water-in-lipid- emulsion.
• Suitable polycationic polymers include Reten 201, Kymene 557H® and Acco 7112.
• Suitable nonionic polymers include polyethylene glycols (PEG) such as Carbowax. These polycationic and nonionic polymers will typically be included in a concentration in the range of from about 0.1 to about 1.0% of the internal phase.
• Preferred embodiments of the products of the present invention comprise an emulsifier capable of forming an emulsion of the internal and external phases.
• the emulsifier is included in an effective amount. What constitutes an "effective amount" will depend on a number of factors including the respective amounts of the oil soluble agents, the type of emulsifier used, the level of impurities present in the emulsifier, and like factors.
• the emulsifier comprises from about 0.1% to about 20%, preferably from about 1% to about 10%, and more preferably from about 3% to about 6% by weight of the conditioning emulsion.
• the emulsifiers useful in the present invention typically are oil soluble or miscible with the oil soluble external phase materials, especially at the temperature at which the lipid material melts. It also should have a relatively low HLB value.
• Emulsifiers suitable for use in the present invention have HLB values typically in the range of from about 1 to about 7 and can include mixtures of different emulsifiers. Preferably, these emulsifiers will have HLB values from about 1.5 to about 6, and more preferably from about 2 to about 5.
• emulsifiers include, but not limited to, those selected from the group consisting of sorbitan esters, glyceryl esters, polyglyceryl esters, methyl glucose esters, sucrose esters, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, hydrogenated castor oil ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, polymeric emulsifiers, and silicone emulsifiers.
• Sorbitan esters are useful in the present invention.
• Preferable are sorbitan esters of C16-C22 saturated, unsaturated and branched chain fatty acids. Because of the manner in which they are typically manufactured, these sorbitan esters usually comprise mixtures of mono-, di-, tri-, etc. esters.
• sorbitan esters include sorbitan monooleate (e.g., SPAN® 80), sorbitan sesquioleate (e.g., Arlacel® 83), sorbitan monoisostearate (e.g., CRILL® 6 made by Croda), sorbitan stearates (e.g., SPAN® 60), sorbitan triooleate (e.g., SPAN® 85), sorbitan tristearate (e.g., SPAN® 65), sorbitan dipalmitates (e.g., SPAN® 40), and sorbitan isostearate. Sorbitan monoisostearate and sorbitan sesquioleate are particularly preferred emulsifiers for use in the present invention.
• emulsifiers for use in the present invention include, but is not limited to, glyceryl monoesters, preferably glyceryl monoesters of C16-C22 saturated, unsaturated and branched chain fatty acids such as glyceryl oleate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monopalmitate, glyceryl monobehenate, and mixtures thereof; polyglyceryl esters of C16-C22 saturated, unsaturated and branched chain fatty acids, such as polyglyceryl-4 isostearate, polyglyceryl-3 oleate, diglycerol monooleate, tetraglycerol monooleate and mixtures thereof; methyl glucose esters, preferably methyl glucose esters of C16-C22 saturated, unsaturated and branched chain fatty acids such as methyl glucose dioleate, methyl glucose sesquiisostearate, and mixtures thereof; sucrose fatty acid esters, preferably sucrose esters of
• compositions of the present invention can optionally contain a coemulsifier to provide additional water-lipid emulsion stability.
• Suitable coemulsifiers include, but is not limited to, phosphatidyl cholines and phosphatidyl choline-containing compositions such as lecithins; long chain C16-C22 fatty acid salts such as sodium stearate; long chain C16-C22 dialiphatic, short chain C1-C4 dialiphatic quaternary ammonium salts such as ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride and ditallow dimethyl ammonium methylsulfate; long chain C16-C22 dialkoyl(alkenoyl)-2-hydroxyethyl, short chain C1-C4 dialiphatic quaternary ammonium salts such as ditallowoyl-2-hydroxyethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; the long chain C16-C22 dialiphatic imidazolini
• the products of the present invention can comprise a wide range of optional ingredients. Some of these ingredients are listed in more detail herein. Particularly useful are various active ingredients useful for delivering various benefits of the skin or hair during the cleansing and conditioning process. If the ingredient is compatible with the internal or external phases of the conditioning emulsion, the ingredient can be incorporated into the appropriate phases. This is especially true with water soluble active ingredients which are compatible with the internal phase and do not promote instability of the conditioning emulsion. In these compositions, the product is useful for delivering the active ingredient to the skin or hair.
• any of the conditioning agents described above in sections describing the internal (water soluble) and external (oil soluble) phases of the conditioning emulsion may be added to the substrate separately from the conditioning emulsion.
• compositions of the present invention can comprise a safe and effective amount of one or more active ingredients or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof.
• safe and effective amount means an amount of an active ingredient high enough to modify the condition to be treated or to deliver the desired skin benefit, but low enough to avoid serious side effects, at a reasonable benefit to risk ratio within the scope of sound medical judgment. What is a safe and effective amount of the active ingredient will vary with the specific active, the ability of the active to penetrate through the skin, the age, health condition, and skin condition of the user, and other like factors.
• the active ingredients useful herein can be categorized by their therapeutic benefit or their postulated mode of action. However, it is to be understood that the active ingredients useful herein can in some instances provide more than one therapeutic benefit or operate via more than one mode of action. Therefore, classifications herein are made for the sake of convenience and are not intended to limit the active ingredient to that particular application or applications listed. Also, pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of these active ingredients are useful herein. The following active ingredients are useful in the compositions of the present invention.
• Anti-Acne Actives examples include the keratolytics such as salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid), derivatives of salicylic acid such as 5-octanoyl salicylic acid, and resorcinol; retinoids such as retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis and trans); sulfur-containing D and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts, particularly their N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred example of which is N-acetyl-L-cysteine; lipoic acid; antibiotics and antimicrobials such as benzoyl peroxide, octopirox, tetracycline, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorobanilide, azelaic acid and its derivatives, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, ethy
• keratolytics such as
• Anti-Wrinkle and Anti-Skin Atrophy Actives examples include retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis and trans); retinol; retinyl esters; salicylic acid and derivatives thereof; sulfur-containing D and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts, particularly the N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred example of which is N-acetyl-L-cysteine; thiols, e.g. ethane thiol; hydroxy acids, phytic acid, lipoic acid; lysophosphatidic acid, and skin peel agents (e.g., phenol and the like); ascorbic acid and its derivatives.
• retinoic acid and its derivatives e.g., cis and trans
• retinol retinyl esters
• salicylic acid and derivatives thereof sulfur-containing D and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts, particularly the N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred example of
• Non-Steroidal Examples of NSAIDS include the following categories: propionic acid derivatives; acetic acid derivatives; fenamic acid derivatives; biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives; and oxicams. All of these NSAIDS are fully described in U.S. Patent 4,985,459 to Sunshine et al., issued January 15, 1991, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
• NSAIDS examples include acetyl salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, benoxaprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, fenbufen, ketoprofen, indoprofen, pirprofen, carprofen, oxaprozin, pranoprofen, miroprofen, tioxaprofen, suprofen, alminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, fluprofen and bucloxic acid.
• steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs including h-ydrocortisone and the like.
• Topical Anesthetics examples include benzocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, chlorprocaine, dibucaine, etidocaine, mepivacaine, tetracaine, dyclonine, hexylcaine, procaine, cocaine, ketamine, pramoxine, phenol, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• Artificial Tanning Agents and Accelerators include dihydroxyacetone, tyrosine, tyrosine esters such as ethyl tyrosinate, and phospho-DOPA.
• Antimicrobial and Antifungal Actives examples include ⁇ -lactam drugs, quinolone drugs, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, amikacin, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorobanilide, phenoxyethanol, phenoxy propanol, phenoxyisopropanol, doxycycline, capreomycin, chlorhexidine, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, clindamycin, ethambutol, hexamidine isethionate, metronidazole, pentamidine, gentamicin, kanamycin, lineomycin, methacycline, methenamine, minocycline, neomycin, netilmicin, paromomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, miconazole, tetra
• actives useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, 3 -hydroxy benzoic acid, 4- hydroxy benzoic acid, acetyl salicylic acid, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid, 2- hydroxypentanoic acid, 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid, cis-retinoic acid, trans-retinoic acid, retinol, ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof, phytic acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, lipoic acid, azelaic acid, arachidonic acid, benzoylperoxide, tetracycline, ibuprofen, naproxen, hydrocortisone, acetominophen, resorcinol, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide
• Sunscreen Actives Also useful herein are sunscreening actives.
• a wide variety of sunscreening agents are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,087,445, to Haffey et al., issued February 11, 1992; U.S. Patent No. 5,073,372, to Turner et al., issued December 17, 1991; U.S. Patent No. 5,073,371, to Turner et al. issued December 17, 1991; and Segarin, et al., at Chapter VIII, pages 189 et seq., of Cosmetics Science and Technology, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
• Nonlimiting examples of sunscreens which are useful in the compositions of the present invention are those selected from the group consisting of 2-ethylhexyl p- methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl N,N-dimethyl-jp-aminobenzoate, / 3-aminobenzoic acid, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, octocrylene, oxybenzone, homomenthyl salicylate, octyl salicylate, 4,4'-methoxy-t-butyldibenzoylmethane, 4- isopropyl dibenzoylmethane, 3-benzylidene camphor, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, iron oxide, and mixtures thereof.
• sunscreens include those selected from the group consisting of 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester with 4-hydroxydibenzoylmethane, 4-N,N- (2-ethylhexyl)-methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzophenone, 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)- methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)dibenzoylmethane, and mixtures thereof.
• SPF Sun Protection Factor
• Nonlimiting examples of preferred actives useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, cis-retinoic acid, trans-retinoic acid, retinol, retinyl palmitate, ascorbic acid, phytic acid, N- acetyl L-cysteine, azelaic acid, lipoic acid, resorcinol, ibuprofen, naproxen, hydrocortisone, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, 2,4,4,'- trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide, 2-ethylhexyl p- methoxycinnamate, oxybenzone, 2-phenylbenzimidozole-5-sulfonic acid, dihydroxyacetone, and mixtures thereof.
• Cationic Surfactants include those selected from the group consisting of salicylic acid,
• the products of the present invention can also optionally comprise one or more cationic surfactants, provided these materials are selected so as not to interfere with the overall lathering characteristics of the required, lathering surfactants.
• Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers. North American edition (1986), published by allured Publishing Corporation; and McCutcheon's, Functional Materials. North American Edition (1992); both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
• Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein include cationic alkyl ammonium salts such as those having the formula:
• R is selected from an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, or aromatic, aryl or alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms;
• R , R , and R are independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, or aromatic, aryl or alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms;
• X is an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, tosylate, lactate, citrate, glycolate, and mixtures thereof.
• the alkyl groups can also contain ether linkages, or hydroxy or amino group substituents (e.g., the alkyl groups can contain polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol moieties).
• Ri is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms
• R2 is selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms
• R3 and R4 are independently selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms
• X is as described in the previous paragraph.
• R is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms
• R2, R3, and R4 are selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms
• X is as described previously.
• R ⁇ is alternatively R5CO-(CH2) n -, wherein R5 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from about 2 to about 6, more preferably from about 2 to about 4, and most preferably from about 2 to about 3.
• Nonlimiting examples of these cationic emulsifiers include stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.
• Nonlimiting examples of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants include those selected from the group consisting of cetyl ammonium chloride, cetyl ammonium bromide, lauryl ammonium chloride, lauryl ammonium bromide, stearyl ammonium chloride, stearyl ammonium bromide, cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lau
• Additional quaternary ammonium salts include those wherein the C12 to C22 alkyl carbon chain is derived from a tallow fatty acid or from a coconut fatty acid.
• tallow refers to an alkyl group derived from tallow fatty acids (usually hydrogenated tallow fatty acids), which generally have mixtures of alkyl chains in the C16 to C18 range.
• coconut refers to an alkyl group derived from a coconut fatty acid, which generally have mixtures of alkyl chains in the C12 to C14 range.
• Examples of quaternary ammonium salts derived from these tallow and coconut sources include ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride, ditallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium acetate, ditallow dipropyl ammonium phosphate, ditallow dimethyl ammonium nitrate, di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium bromide, tallow ammonium chloride, coconut ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosy
• Preferred cationic surfactants useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dimyristyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dipalmityl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
• Other Optional Ingredients The compositions of the present invention can comprise a wide range of other optional components. - These additional components should be pharmaceutically acceptable.
• Nonlimiting examples of functional classes of ingredients are described at page 537 of this reference.
• these and other functional classes include: abrasives, absorbents, anticaking agents, antioxidants, vitamins, binders, biological additives, buffering agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical additives, colorants, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, external analgesics, film formers, fragrance components, humectants, opacifying agents, pH adjusters, preservatives, propellants, reducing agents, skin bleaching agents, and sunscreening agents.
• fragrances such as fragrances, pigments, colorings, essential oils, skin sensates, astringents, skin soothing agents, and skin healing agents.
• the disposable, single use personal care cleansing and conditioning products of the present invention are manufactured by separately or simultaneously adding onto or impregnating into a water insoluble substrate a lathering surfactant and a conditioning emulsion, wherein said resulting product is substantially dry.
• a lathering surfactant and a conditioning emulsion By “separately” is meant that the surfactants and conditioning agents can be added sequentially, in any order without first being combined together.
• Simultaneously is meant that the surfactants and conditioning agents can be added at the same time, with or without first being combined together.
• the lathering surfactants can first be added onto or impregnated into the water insoluble substrate followed by the conditioning emulsions, or vice versa.
• the lathering surfactants and conditioning emulsions can be added onto or impregnated into the water insoluble substrate at the same time.
• the surfactant, conditioning emulsions, and any optional ingredients can be added onto or impregnated int ⁇ the water insoluble substrate by any means known to those skilled in the art: for example, by spraying, printing, splashing, dipping, soaking, or coating.
• the optional ingredients may be the same as those in the internal or external phases of the conditioning emulsion.
• the conditioning emulsion is initially formulated. Typically, this is achieved by blending or melting together the oil soluble, external phase components and the emulsifier.
• the particular temperature to which this oil soluble agent/emulsifier mixture is heated will depend on the melting point of the oil soluble external phase components.
• this oil soluble agent/emulsifier is heated to a temperature in the range from about 60°C to about 90°C, preferably from about 70°C to about 80°C, prior to being mixed, blended or otherwise combined with the water soluble internal phase components.
• heating is not always required to form the conditioning emulsion.
• the melted oil soluble agent/emulsifier mixture is then blended with the water phase components and then mixed together to provide the emulsion.
• the resulting treated substrate is then dried so that it is substantially free of water.
• the treated substrate can be dried by any means known to those skilled in the art.
• Nonlimiting examples of known drying means include the use of convection ovens, radiant heat sources, microwave ovens, forced air ovens, and heated rollers or cans. Drying also includes air drying without the addition of heat energy, other than that present in the ambient environment. Also, a combination of various drying methods can be used.
• the present invention also relates to a method of cleansing and conditioning the skin or hair with a personal cleansing product of the present invention.
• These methods comprise the steps of wetting with water a substantially dry, disposable, single use personal cleansing product comprising a water insoluble substrate, a lathering surfactant, and a conditioning component, and contacting the skin or hair with said wetted product.
• the present invention is also useful for delivering various active ingredients to the skin or hair.
• the products of the present invention are substantially dry and are intended to be wetted with water prior to use.
• the product is wetted by immersion in water or by placing it under a stream of water.
• Lather is generated from the product by mechanically agitating and/or deforming the product either prior to or during contact of the product with the skin or hair.
• the resulting lather is useful for cleansing and conditioning the skin or hair.
• the conditioning agents and active ingredients are deposited onto the skin or hair. Deposition of conditioning agents and active ingredients are enhanced by the physical contact of the substrate with the skin or hair.
• compositions of the present invention are useful for depositing the conditioning components of the present invention to the skin or hair.
• compositions are also useful for depositing the active ingredient to the skin or hair.
• compositions of the present invention preferably deposit greater than about 2.5 micrograms/cm ⁇ , more preferably greater than about 5 micrograms/cm ⁇ , more preferably greater than about 10 micrograms/cm ⁇ , and most preferably greater than about 25 micrograms/cm ⁇ of the conditioning component to the skin or hair during use of the product.
• the present invention also relates to a method of depositing greater than about 2.5 micrograms/cm ⁇ , preferably greater than about 5 micrograms/cm ⁇ , more preferably greater than bout 10 micrograms/cm ⁇ , and most preferably greater than about 25 micrograms/cm ⁇ of the conditioning agent to the surface of the skin or hair.
• Quantitation of the conditioning component deposited on the skin or hair can be measured using a variety of standard analytical techniques well known to the chemist of ordinary skill in the art. Such methods include for instance extraction of an area of the skin or hair with a suitable solvent followed by analysis by chromatography (i.e. gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, etc.), IR spectroscopy, UV/NIS spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, etc. Direct measurements can also be made on the skin or hair by techniques such as IR spectroscopy, UV/NIS spectroscopy, opacity measurements, fluoresce spectroscopy, ESCA spectroscopy, and the like.
• chromatography i.e. gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, etc.
• IR spectroscopy i.e. gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, etc.
• IR spectroscopy i.e. gas chromatography, liquid chromatography
• a product of the present invention is wetted with water and squeezed and agitated to generate a lather.
• the product is then rubbed for approximately 15 seconds on a site, approximately about 25 cm2 to about 300 cm ⁇ , preferably about 50 cm ⁇ to about 100 cm ⁇ , on the skin or head which has been demarcated using an appropriate indelible marker.
• the site is then rinsed for approximately 10 seconds and then allowed to air dry for approximately 10 minutes.
• the site is then either extracted and the extracts analyzed, or analyzed directly using any techniques such as those exemplified above.
• Ingredients are identified by chemical or CTFA name, and all weights are in percent actives.
• the following ingredients are mixed at room temperature. Once the polyquaternium is dispersed, the mixture is heated to 65°C
• Polyglycerl-4 Isostearate 5.00 5.00 — 5.00
• SEFA sucrose esters of fatty acids
• the resulting cleansing composition is used by wetting with water and is useful for cleansing the skin or hair and for depositing the conditioning emulsions onto the skin or hair.
• the lathering surfactants, conditioning emulsions, and optional ingredients are separately or simultaneously added onto or impregnated into the water insoluble substrate by spraying, printing, splashing, dipping, or coating.
• substrates such as woven substrates, hydroentangled substrates, natural sponges, synthetic sponges, or polymeric netted meshes are substituted for the present substrate.

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• 1998
  • 1998-05-20 AU AU72274/98A patent/AU740842B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1998-05-20 CA CA002289608A patent/CA2289608C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-05-20 CN CNB988067498A patent/CN1191818C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-05-20 JP JP55017998A patent/JP2001517241A/ja active Pending
  • 1998-05-20 WO PCT/IB1998/000786 patent/WO1998052538A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-05-20 EP EP98919401A patent/EP1011628A1/en not_active Withdrawn

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