EP1008826A1 - Falling film vaporizer and air distillation plant - Google Patents
Falling film vaporizer and air distillation plant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1008826A1 EP1008826A1 EP99403043A EP99403043A EP1008826A1 EP 1008826 A1 EP1008826 A1 EP 1008826A1 EP 99403043 A EP99403043 A EP 99403043A EP 99403043 A EP99403043 A EP 99403043A EP 1008826 A1 EP1008826 A1 EP 1008826A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- vaporizer
- passages
- passage
- main
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQMRAFJOBWOFNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl UQMRAFJOBWOFNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
- F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
- F28D3/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits with tubular conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/04—Down-flowing type boiler-condenser, i.e. with evaporation of a falling liquid film
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/44—Particular materials used, e.g. copper, steel or alloys thereof or surface treatments used, e.g. enhanced surface
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/902—Apparatus
- Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vaporizer of the type comprising a heat exchanger body which has main passages placed in heat exchange relationship, means for forming a bath of the liquid to be sprayed so that it circulates in at least one of said first passages main, and means for introducing a refrigerant into the minus a second of said main passages so that it ensures the vaporization of the liquid.
- the invention applies, for example, to a vaporizer-condenser for a double column air distillation installation.
- oxygen-rich liquid from the low pressure column tank, is vaporized in the evaporator-condenser by condensation of a nitrogen-rich gas, taken off at the head of the medium pressure column.
- an air separation device such as a double distillation column includes several types of heat exchanger heat.
- a main heat exchanger is used to cool the supply air of the apparatus at distillation temperature by heat exchange with a or more fluids from the distillation apparatus. In some cases, these are pressurized liquids from the device that vaporize against the air at distill in the exchanger. These exchangers are normally made entirely of aluminum or copper or alloys of these metals (W095 / 28610).
- the apparatus also comprises at least one vaporizer-condenser which is a heat exchanger placed inside or outside of the column.
- vaporizers-condensers are usually made entirely in copper, stainless steel, nickel or aluminum and are made up of at least two circuits which are connected to the rest of the installation by means of pipes welded to the equipment.
- Exchangers used in air separation devices include heat exchanger bodies which are often made in parallel aluminum plates with a similar outline brazed between they.
- a oxygen-rich liquid vaporizes against a current rich in gas nitrogen (such as air or nitrogen with a purity greater than 80%).
- EP-0795349 describes the case where such a vaporizer is combined with a thermosiphon vaporizer (bath vaporizer, i.e. a vaporizer completely immersed in the liquid where the recirculation of the liquid rich in oxygen is made thanks to the hydraulic thrust due to the difference in density between the bath and the liquid vaporizing in the passages).
- bath vaporizer i.e. a vaporizer completely immersed in the liquid where the recirculation of the liquid rich in oxygen is made thanks to the hydraulic thrust due to the difference in density between the bath and the liquid vaporizing in the passages.
- the liquid is distributed between many passages made up of waves vertical inserted between two sheets called separators and thus constituting thermal fins, and because of the pitch of these waves the bodies brazed plate heat exchangers have surfaces very large exchange.
- liquid film when the whole surface is wet, the liquid film will be very thin and to avoid dry spraying at the bottom of the first passages main or in the event of a distribution fault, liquid is poured in excess in the heat exchanger body. This excess liquid forces in general to recycle liquid by means of a pump.
- vaporizers of the aforementioned type called bath, recirculation of the liquid is also maintained to avoid dry vaporization in the top of the first main passengers.
- US-A-5699671 further describes a vaporizer with an exchanger body vertically arranged tubular in which nitrogen gas condenses at contact of its tubes.
- An object of the invention is to solve this problem by providing a vaporizer of the aforementioned type which limits the risk of clogging of the passage (s) dedicated to the liquid to be vaporized.
- Another object of the invention is to minimize the recirculation of the liquid to be vaporized in vaporizers of the aforementioned type and ensure the safety of the optimal operation and performance.
- the subject of the invention is a vaporizer of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the or each first main passage has, in current cross section to the direction of flow of the liquid to vaporize, at least one region of free flow continues sufficiently extended to allow the liquid to bypass a deposit of impurities, or, the main passages being delimited by vertical plates having a substantially similar outline, parallel and spaced apart others to form the main flat passages, at least a first main passage is either narrower than the second main passage and contains no exchange wave or auxiliary passage, either contains one or several closed auxiliary passage (s) which extend over most of the dimension of the heat exchanger body parallel to the direction of liquid to be vaporized, the walls of the passage (s) auxiliary (s) touching the plates defining the main passage.
- all the first main passages contain at least minus a closed auxiliary passage.
- the liquid sent into the auxiliary passage crosses the vaporizer without contacting the plates defining the first passages main.
- the liquid should be avoided between the exterior of the auxiliary passage and the passages defined by the plates.
- passages auxiliaries in a block of material (for example aluminum, nickel or copper). If the block has substantially the dimensions of a first pass main, the liquid will not be able to flow outside the passages auxiliaries which are cylindrical holes passing through the block.
- the maximum width of an auxiliary passage is greater than 50% of the distance between two adjacent plates.
- the inner surface of the auxiliary passage or each auxiliary passage includes only curved surfaces and possibly convexities.
- the absence of cavities in the passages of the first set ("liquid" passages) never has been proposed in the prior art.
- At least one, and preferably all, of the first main passages contain several auxiliary passages formed by a series of cylindrical tubes parallel to each other and each having a diameter at least equal to 50% of the separation between two adjacent plates.
- At least one and preferably all of the first main passages contain several auxiliary passages consisting of tubes, each having an inner surface with at least three identical convexities and curved surfaces connecting the convexities.
- the adjacent tubes may or may not be contiguous.
- auxiliary passage there are means for directing liquid into the or each auxiliary passage and / or liquid distribution means constituted by predistribution openings, these openings leaving drop this liquid on a lining located above the means for direct liquid into one or each auxiliary passage.
- the means for directing the liquid into the passages are inclined points whose ends are above inside the auxiliary passage (or passage).
- the vaporizer can be a main exchanger which is used to cool the air purified at its distillation temperature, a sub-cooler or the vaporizer-condenser of a double column.
- the invention also relates to an air distillation installation comprising at least one vaporizer as defined above.
- FIG 1 illustrates a vaporizer-condenser 2 (see description of Figure 1 in EP-A-0130122).
- the vaporizer-condenser 2 comprises a heat exchanger body formed by a sealed envelope 3 and a series of parallel vertical plates 4 made of aluminum, which define a multitude of main flat passages intended alternately for one of two fluid flows, for example, a gas flow containing 98% nitrogen at around 5 bar and a liquid flow containing 98% oxygen at around 1.5 bars.
- pressures and purities can take other values.
- first main passages The passages dedicated to the liquid to be vaporized are called first main passages and are marked with the letter L in the figures, while the passages dedicated to the gas to be condensed are called second passages main and are identified by the letter G in the figures.
- the space above the plates 4 contains a bath 5 of the liquid to be vaporized from a line 6.
- the liquid from this bath enters each first pass L through a series of perforations in a upper distribution bar 27. It then falls on a wave 26 which is a non-perforated aluminum sheet with horizontal generators (layout so-called hardway with respect to the flow of liquid oxygen) and offset partial vertical (partial vertical offset is not illustrated so as not to overload the figures) and which ensures the fine distribution of the liquid.
- the liquid falls from the wave 26 on an upper drip 25 constituted by an aluminum strip folded with a series of triangular points 29 forming an angle of 135 ° with the plane of one of the plates 4 of the passage L considered.
- each point 29 of the upper drip 15 is located above with a point of a lower drip 24, identical to the first but whose tips are oriented towards the other plate 4 of passage L considered.
- the liquid to be vaporized then flows on the plates 4 of the first passage L considered in the form of a film streaming downwards.
- the gas to be condensed enters the second passages G at by means of a pipe 9 welded in the middle of a head 8 (sometimes called “Box” or in English “headline”) semi-cylindrical.
- the gas then flows downwards in the second passages G to cocurrent of the liquid in the first passages L, the condensation of the gas ensuring the vaporization of the liquid in the first passages L.
- only the second passages G each contain a spacer wave 21 consisting of a sheet corrugated perforated aluminum with vertical generators (available in "Easy-way").
- these spacer waves 21 fill also the function of thermal fins.
- the first passages L have a thickness less than that of the second passages G.
- the thickness of the first passages L is included between 2.5 mm and two thirds of the thickness of the second G passages.
- the first passages L are each delimited by two plates 4 neighbors and by closing bars 30 situated between them on their side edges.
- the first passages L are narrower than the second passages G and contain neither exchange waves nor passages auxiliaries.
- the distance between the adjacent plates 4 of the first passages L varies between 2.5 mm and two-thirds of the separation between the plates 4 of the second passages G.
- the first passages L have on all their length a rectangular cross section free of any obstacle and keep on going.
- This section has a width substantially equal to the width of the plates 4 and therefore the width of the heat exchanger body, that is to say a width of about 1 meter.
- first passages L having in cross section current, that is to say over most of their length, a region unobstructed and continuous flow that extends along a guide curve C of length greater than approximately 10 cm.
- this guide curve C is a straight line parallel to plates 4, located between them, and about 1 m long.
- the right C is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 5a.
- the distance separating the two plates 4 associated with a first passage L is greater than that of the variant of Figures 1 to 5a.
- Each sheet 29, 31 therefore comprises a series of semi-cylindrical sections joined at the ends to form a curved line.
- Each sheet 29, 31 is carried by a plate 4.
- the concavities of the sheets 29, 31 are directed towards each other.
- the sheets 29 and 31 are offset transversely from each other so that the tips of each sheet are located opposite a hollow of the other sheet. So the two sheets 29 and 31 form a single auxiliary passage between them, in which all the fluid flowing in the first passage L considered.
- the sheets 29 and 31 play the role of thermal fins and delimit thus between them the flow region of the liquid to be vaporized.
- each first passage L extends, in its cross section, continuously and freely practically over the entire width of the heat exchanger body.
- the mentioned guideline C above then extends between the sheets 29 and 31 following their contours.
- the directing curve is then sinuous and has a length greater than 1 m.
- the first passages L make it possible to limit the risks closure thanks to a sufficient transverse extent so that the liquid to be sprayed bypasses any deposits.
- the auxiliary passages of the first passages L are formed by contiguous aluminum tubes 23.
- the second passages G we find the generating waves 21 classic verticals.
- the auxiliary passages of the first passages L are non-contiguous tubes having a cross section shape of clover leaves.
- the auxiliary passage (s) includes only curved surfaces or convexities thus preventing the accumulation of impurities in the passages and making it possible to limit the liquid recirculation required in the vaporizer 2.
- the invention is not limited to dripping film vaporizers but also applies to so-called bath vaporizers.
- FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the invention in which the sealed envelope 3 of the vaporizer-condenser 2 comprises a ferrule 40 of vertical axis, closed by a domed dome 41 and by a bottom domed 42.
- a bundle of tubes 44 is disposed inside the ferrule 40, coaxial therewith, to form with the ferrule 40 an exchanger body heat.
- the tubes 44 have an outside diameter of approximately 5 mm and a thickness of about 1 mm.
- the tubes 44 are arranged in a bundle regular, which forms in cross section (figure 7) a mesh network about 8 mm square.
- the tubes Preferably, the tubes have a diameter outside less than 7 mm and are spaced at least 2 mm.
- the upper ends of the tubes 44 are fixed to a plate said tubular 45 upper into which they open. Plate 45 is disposed in the dome 41. Similarly, the lower ends of the tubes 44 open into a lower tube plate 46 disposed in the bottom 42, the tubes 44 being fixed to this plate 46.
- the space delimited by the tubular plate 45 and the dome 41 is connected to the pipe 9 for supplying gas rich in nitrogen to form means of introduction into the tubes 44 of the gas to be condensed.
- the space delimited by the tubular plate 46 and the bottom 42 is connected to the pipe 11 for evacuating the condensed gas and to the pipe 13 for evacuating uncondensable rare gases to form means of evacuating gas condensed out of the tubes 44.
- the tubes 44 therefore internally define the second passages G.
- the line 6 for supplying the oxygen-rich liquid opens into the ferrule 40 under the tubular plate 45.
- the return pipe 7 is disposed between the tube plate 45 and the pipe 6.
- a circular distribution plate 48 is disposed under the pipe 6 transversely to the axis A of the shell 40. This plate 48 is pierced with a network of circular orifices 49 6 mm in diameter each receiving coaxially a tube 44.
- the bath of the liquid to be vaporized is formed above the plate 48 of distribution.
- the liquid is distributed under this plate 48 through the spaces annulars 50 delimited around the tubes 44 by the orifices 49.
- the liquid then flows in the form of a liquid trickling on the outer surface of the tubes 44, cocurrent with gas to be condensed.
- the vaporized liquid is returned via the line 14 to the low pressure column tank while excess oxygen liquid present above the tube plate 46 is returned by the line 16 and via a pump 51 to line 6.
- the tubes 44 therefore delimit externally, with the ferrule 40, a only first passage L dedicated to the circulation of the liquid to be vaporized.
- This first passage L has, in its current section, a region appreciably diametral, the straight line C of which passes through the axis A of the ferrule 40, has a length of the order of the inside diameter of the ferrule 40.
- This internal diameter may for example be equal to approximately 1 m.
- This embodiment of the invention therefore also makes it possible to limit the risk of blockage of the first pass L.
- the first passage L will include in section transverse a multitude of flow regions, free of any obstacle and continuous, which will undulate between the tubes 44.
- the guiding curves C of these regions will then be sinuous and preferably have a length greater than about 10 cm and, more preferably, greater than about 1 m.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un vaporiseur du type comprenant un corps d'échangeur de chaleur qui présente des passages principaux placés en relation d'échange thermique, des moyens pour former un bain du liquide à vaporiser pour qu'il circule dans au moins un premier desdits passages principaux, et des moyens d'introduction d'un fluide frigorigène dans au moins un deuxième desdits passages principaux pour qu'il assure la vaporisation du liquide.The present invention relates to a vaporizer of the type comprising a heat exchanger body which has main passages placed in heat exchange relationship, means for forming a bath of the liquid to be sprayed so that it circulates in at least one of said first passages main, and means for introducing a refrigerant into the minus a second of said main passages so that it ensures the vaporization of the liquid.
L'invention s'applique, par exemple, à un vaporiseur-condenseur pour une installation de distillation d'air à double colonne.The invention applies, for example, to a vaporizer-condenser for a double column air distillation installation.
Dans un tel vaporiseur-condenseur, du liquide riche en oxygène, provenant de la cuve de la colonne basse pression, est vaporisé dans le vaporiseur-condenseur par condensation d'un gaz riche en azote, prélevé en tête de la colonne moyenne pression.In such a vaporizer-condenser, oxygen-rich liquid, from the low pressure column tank, is vaporized in the evaporator-condenser by condensation of a nitrogen-rich gas, taken off at the head of the medium pressure column.
De manière plus générale, un appareil de séparation d'air tel qu'une double colonne de distillation comprend plusieurs types d'échangeur de chaleur.More generally, an air separation device such as a double distillation column includes several types of heat exchanger heat.
Un échangeur de chaleur principal sert à refroidir l'air d'alimentation de l'appareil à la température de distillation par échange de chaleur avec un ou plusieurs fluides provenant de l'appareil de distillation. Dans certains cas, ce sont des liquides pressurisés de l'appareil qui se vaporisent contre l'air à distiller dans l'échangeur. Ces échangeurs sont normalement faits entièrement en aluminium ou en cuivre ou en alliages de ces métaux (W095/28610).A main heat exchanger is used to cool the supply air of the apparatus at distillation temperature by heat exchange with a or more fluids from the distillation apparatus. In some cases, these are pressurized liquids from the device that vaporize against the air at distill in the exchanger. These exchangers are normally made entirely of aluminum or copper or alloys of these metals (W095 / 28610).
Pour des raisons de sécurité, ces liquides se vaporisent parfois dans un échangeur dédié, ou vaporiseur, contre un seul fluide tel que l'air ou l'azote.For safety reasons, these liquids sometimes vaporize in a dedicated exchanger, or vaporizer, against a single fluid such as air or nitrogen.
L'appareil comprend également au moins un vaporiseur-condenseur qui est un échangeur de chaleur placé à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de la colonne. Ces vaporiseurs-condenseurs sont habituellement réalisés entièrement en cuivre, acier inoxydable, nickel ou aluminium et sont constitués d'au moins deux circuits qui sont reliés au reste de l'installation au moyen de tuyauteries soudées sur l'équipement. The apparatus also comprises at least one vaporizer-condenser which is a heat exchanger placed inside or outside of the column. These vaporizers-condensers are usually made entirely in copper, stainless steel, nickel or aluminum and are made up of at least two circuits which are connected to the rest of the installation by means of pipes welded to the equipment.
Les échangeurs utilisés dans les appareils de séparation d'air comprennent des corps d'échangeurs de chaleur qui sont souvent réalisés en plaques parallèles d'aluminium ayant un contour similaire brasées entre elles.Exchangers used in air separation devices include heat exchanger bodies which are often made in parallel aluminum plates with a similar outline brazed between they.
En général dans les échangeurs qui servent de vaporiseurs, un liquide riche en oxygène se vaporise à contre-courant d'un gaz riche en azote (tel que l'air ou l'azote avec une pureté supérieur à 80%).Generally in exchangers that serve as vaporizers, a oxygen-rich liquid vaporizes against a current rich in gas nitrogen (such as air or nitrogen with a purity greater than 80%).
Pour améliorer les performances de ces vaporiseurs, on peut utiliser des vaporiseurs dits à film tombant ou ruisselant, c'est-à-dire du type précité et dans lesquels le liquide riche en oxygène du bain est distribué en tête du vaporiseur sous forme d'un film très mince qui s'écoule verticalement dans les premiers passages principaux et dont une partie se vaporise par échange de chaleur avec les passages dédiés au gaz riche en azote de manière cocourante.To improve the performance of these vaporizers, you can use so-called falling or dripping film vaporizers, that is to say of the aforementioned type and in which the oxygen-rich liquid of the bath is distributed at the top of the vaporizer in the form of a very thin film which flows vertically in the first main passages and part of which vaporizes by heat exchange with passages dedicated to nitrogen-rich gas from common way.
EP-0795349 décrit le cas où un tel vaporiseur est combiné avec un vaporiseur de type thermosiphon (vaporiseur dit bain, c'est-à-dire un vaporiseur complètement immergé dans le liquide où la recirculation du liquide riche en oxygène se fait grâce à la poussée hydraulique due à la différence de densité entre le bain et le liquide se vaporisant dans les passages).EP-0795349 describes the case where such a vaporizer is combined with a thermosiphon vaporizer (bath vaporizer, i.e. a vaporizer completely immersed in the liquid where the recirculation of the liquid rich in oxygen is made thanks to the hydraulic thrust due to the difference in density between the bath and the liquid vaporizing in the passages).
Dans les corps d'échangeurs à plaques brasées utilisés dans les vaporiseurs du type précité à film ruisselant tels que celui de EP-A-0130122, le liquide est distribué entre de nombreux passages constitués d'ondes verticales insérées entre deux tôles dites séparatrices et constituant ainsi des ailettes thermiques, et du fait du pas de ces ondes les corps d'échangeurs de chaleur à plaques brasées présentent des surfaces d'échange très grandes.In the bodies of brazed plate heat exchangers used in vaporizers of the aforementioned type with trickling film such as that of EP-A-0130122, the liquid is distributed between many passages made up of waves vertical inserted between two sheets called separators and thus constituting thermal fins, and because of the pitch of these waves the bodies brazed plate heat exchangers have surfaces very large exchange.
Donc quand toute la surface est mouillée, le film liquide sera très fin et pour éviter une vaporisation à sec dans le bas des premiers passages principaux ou en cas de défaut de distribution, on fait couler du liquide en excès dans le corps d'échangeur de chaleur. Cet excès de liquide oblige en général à recycler du liquide au moyen d'une pompe. So when the whole surface is wet, the liquid film will be very thin and to avoid dry spraying at the bottom of the first passages main or in the event of a distribution fault, liquid is poured in excess in the heat exchanger body. This excess liquid forces in general to recycle liquid by means of a pump.
Dans les vaporiseurs du type précité dits à bain, une recirculation du liquide est également entretenue pour éviter la vaporisation à sec dans le haut des premiers passagers principaux.In vaporizers of the aforementioned type called bath, recirculation of the liquid is also maintained to avoid dry vaporization in the top of the first main passengers.
US-A-5699671 décrit par ailleurs un vaporiseur à corps d'échangeur tubulaire disposé verticalement dans lequel l'azote gazeux se condense au contact de ses tubes.US-A-5699671 further describes a vaporizer with an exchanger body vertically arranged tubular in which nitrogen gas condenses at contact of its tubes.
On a constaté, notamment dans les vaporiseurs-condenseurs à film ruisselant, que des polluants solides tels que par exemple, des hydrocarbures ou du protoxyde d'azote, peuvent s'accumuler dans les passages dédiés au fluide riche en oxygène, ce qui peut conduire au bouchage de ces derniers.It has been found, in particular in film vaporizers-condensers dripping, that solid pollutants such as for example, hydrocarbons or nitrous oxide, can accumulate in passages dedicated to the oxygen-rich fluid, which can lead to clogging of these.
Un tel bouchage détériore alors le fonctionnement du vaporiseur-condenseur.Such a blockage then deteriorates the operation of the vaporizer-condenser.
Un but de l'invention est de résoudre ce problème en fournissant un vaporiseur du type précité qui permette de limiter les risques de bouchage du ou des passage(s) dédié(s) au liquide à vaporiser.An object of the invention is to solve this problem by providing a vaporizer of the aforementioned type which limits the risk of clogging of the passage (s) dedicated to the liquid to be vaporized.
Un autre but de l'invention est de minimiser la recirculation du liquide à vaporiser dans les vaporiseurs du type précité et assurer la sécurité du fonctionnement et les performances optimales.Another object of the invention is to minimize the recirculation of the liquid to be vaporized in vaporizers of the aforementioned type and ensure the safety of the optimal operation and performance.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un vaporiseur du type précité, caractérisé en ce que le ou chaque premier passage principal possède, en section courante transversale à la direction de circulation du liquide à vaporiser, au moins une région d'écoulement libre continue suffisamment étendue pour permettre au liquide de contourner un dépôt d'impuretés, ou, les passages principaux étant délimités par des plaques verticales ayant un contour substantiellement similaire, parallèles et espacées les unes des autres afin de former les passages principaux plats, au moins un premier passage principal est soit plus étroit que le deuxième passage principal et ne contient ni d'onde d'échange ni de passage auxiliaire, soit contient un ou plusieurs passage(s) auxilaire(s) fermé(s) qui s'étendent sur l'essentiel de la dimension du corps d'échangeur de chaleur parallèle à la direction d'écoulement du liquide à vaporiser, les parois du (des) passage(s) auxiliaire(s) touchant les plaques définissant le passage principal. To this end, the subject of the invention is a vaporizer of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the or each first main passage has, in current cross section to the direction of flow of the liquid to vaporize, at least one region of free flow continues sufficiently extended to allow the liquid to bypass a deposit of impurities, or, the main passages being delimited by vertical plates having a substantially similar outline, parallel and spaced apart others to form the main flat passages, at least a first main passage is either narrower than the second main passage and contains no exchange wave or auxiliary passage, either contains one or several closed auxiliary passage (s) which extend over most of the dimension of the heat exchanger body parallel to the direction of liquid to be vaporized, the walls of the passage (s) auxiliary (s) touching the plates defining the main passage.
De préférence, tous les premiers passages principaux contiennent au moins un passage auxiliaire fermé.Preferably, all the first main passages contain at least minus a closed auxiliary passage.
Ainsi le liquide envoyé dans le passage auxiliaire traverse le vaporiseur sans contacter les plaques définissant les premiers passages principaux. Il faut éviter dans la mesure du possible que le liquide circule entre l'extérieur du passage auxiliaire et les passages définis par les plaques.Thus the liquid sent into the auxiliary passage crosses the vaporizer without contacting the plates defining the first passages main. As far as possible, the liquid should be avoided between the exterior of the auxiliary passage and the passages defined by the plates.
Un moyen d'éviter ce problème consiste à former les passages auxiliaires dans un bloc de matériel (par exemple en aluminium, nickel ou cuivre). Si le bloc a substantiellement les dimensions d'un premier passage principal, le liquide ne pourra pas couler à l'extérieur des passages auxiliaires qui sont des trous cylindriques traversant le bloc.One way to avoid this problem is to form the passages auxiliaries in a block of material (for example aluminum, nickel or copper). If the block has substantially the dimensions of a first pass main, the liquid will not be able to flow outside the passages auxiliaries which are cylindrical holes passing through the block.
Idéalement, la largeur maximale d'un passage auxiliaire est supérieure à 50% de la distance entre deux plaques adjacentes.Ideally, the maximum width of an auxiliary passage is greater than 50% of the distance between two adjacent plates.
Afin d'éviter l'accumulation d'impuretés, la surface intérieure du passage auxiliaire ou de chaque passage auxiliaire ne comprend que des surfaces courbes et éventuellement des convexités. L'absence de cavités dans les passages du premier ensemble (passages « liquide ») n'a jamais été proposée dans l'art antérieur.In order to avoid the accumulation of impurities, the inner surface of the auxiliary passage or each auxiliary passage includes only curved surfaces and possibly convexities. The absence of cavities in the passages of the first set ("liquid" passages) never has been proposed in the prior art.
Selon une variante, au moins un, et préférablement tous, des premiers passages principaux contiennent plusieurs passages auxiliaires constitués par une série de tubes cylindriques parallèles les uns aux autres et ayant chacun un diamètre au moins égal à 50% de la séparation entre deux plaques adjacentes.Alternatively, at least one, and preferably all, of the first main passages contain several auxiliary passages formed by a series of cylindrical tubes parallel to each other and each having a diameter at least equal to 50% of the separation between two adjacent plates.
Selon une autre variante, au moins un et préférablement tous les premiers passages principaux contiennent plusieurs passages auxiliaires constitués par des tubes ayant chacun une surface intérieure avec au moins trois convexités identiques et des surfaces courbes reliant les convexités.According to another variant, at least one and preferably all of the first main passages contain several auxiliary passages consisting of tubes, each having an inner surface with at least three identical convexities and curved surfaces connecting the convexities.
Les tubes adjacents peuvent être contigus ou pas.The adjacent tubes may or may not be contiguous.
Préférablement, il y a des moyens pour diriger du liquide dans le ou chaque passage auxiliaire et/ou des moyens de distribution de liquide constitués par des ouvertures de prédistribution, ces ouvertures laissant tomber ce liquide sur un garnissage situé au-dessus des moyens pour diriger du liquide dans un ou chaque passage auxiliaire.Preferably, there are means for directing liquid into the or each auxiliary passage and / or liquid distribution means constituted by predistribution openings, these openings leaving drop this liquid on a lining located above the means for direct liquid into one or each auxiliary passage.
Dans une variante, les moyens pour diriger le liquide dans les passages sont des pointes inclinées dont le bout se trouve en dessus de l'intérieur du passage (ou d'un passage) auxiliaire.Alternatively, the means for directing the liquid into the passages are inclined points whose ends are above inside the auxiliary passage (or passage).
Le vaporiseur peut être un échangeur principal qui sert à refroidir de l'air épuré à sa température de distillation, un sous-refroidisseur ou le vaporiseur-condenseur d'une double colonne.The vaporizer can be a main exchanger which is used to cool the air purified at its distillation temperature, a sub-cooler or the vaporizer-condenser of a double column.
L'invention a également pour objet une installation de distillation d'air comprenant au moins un vaporiseur tel que défini ci-dessus.The invention also relates to an air distillation installation comprising at least one vaporizer as defined above.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple, et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :
- la figure 1 est un schéma partiel d'une installation de distillation d'air selon l'invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique éclatée du vaporiseur-condenseur de l'installation de la figure 1,
- la figure 3 est une vue partielle, schématique et en coupe d'un passage du vaporiseur-condenseur de la figure 1 dédié à la circulation du liquide à vaporiser,
- la figure 4 est une vue partielle, schématique et en coupe prise suivant la ligne IV-IV de la figure 3,
- la figure 5a est une section partielle schématique illustrant la structure des passages du vaporiseur-condenseur de la figure 1 dédiés au liquide à vaporiser et au gaz à condenser,
- les figures 5b à 5d sont des vues analogues à la figure 5a illustrant des variantes de l'invention,
- la figure 6 est une vue schématique d'un vaporiseur-condenseur selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, et
- la figure 7 est une vue partielle, schématique et en coupe prise suivant la ligne VII-VII de la figure 6.
- FIG. 1 is a partial diagram of an air distillation installation according to the invention,
- FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of the vaporizer-condenser of the installation of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view in section of a passage of the vaporizer-condenser of FIG. 1 dedicated to the circulation of the liquid to be vaporized,
- FIG. 4 is a partial schematic view in section taken along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3,
- FIG. 5a is a schematic partial section illustrating the structure of the passages of the vaporizer-condenser of FIG. 1 dedicated to the liquid to be vaporized and to the gas to be condensed,
- FIGS. 5b to 5d are views similar to FIG. 5a illustrating variants of the invention,
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a vaporizer-condenser according to another embodiment of the invention, and
- FIG. 7 is a partial diagrammatic view in section taken on line VII-VII of FIG. 6.
La figure 1 illustre un vaporiseur-condenseur 2 (voir description de
figure 1 dans EP-A-0130122). Le vaporiseur-condenseur 2 comprend un
corps d'échangeur de chaleur formé par une enveloppe étanche 3 et une
série de plaques verticales parallèles 4 en aluminium, qui définissent une
multitude de passages plats principaux destinés alternativement à un de
deux débits de fluide, par exemple, un débit gazeux contenant 98% d'azote
à environ 5 bars et un débit liquide contenant 98% d'oxygène à environ 1,5
bars. Evidemment les pressions et les puretés peuvent prendre d'autres
valeurs.Figure 1 illustrates a vaporizer-condenser 2 (see description of
Figure 1 in EP-A-0130122). The vaporizer-
Les passages dédiés au liquide à vaporiser sont appelés premiers passages principaux et sont repérés par la lettre L sur les figures, tandis que les passages dédiés au gaz à condenser sont appelés deuxièmes passages principaux et sont repérés par la lettre G sur les figures.The passages dedicated to the liquid to be vaporized are called first main passages and are marked with the letter L in the figures, while the passages dedicated to the gas to be condensed are called second passages main and are identified by the letter G in the figures.
L'espace situé au-dessus des plaques 4 renferme un bain 5 du
liquide à vaporiser provenant d'une conduite 6.The space above the
Comme illustré par les figures 1 à 4, le liquide de ce bain rentre dans
chaque premier passage L à travers une série de perforations dans une
barre de distribution supérieure 27. Il tombe ensuite sur une onde 26 qui est
une tôle d'aluminium non-perforée à génératrices horizontales (disposition
dite hardway par rapport à l'écoulement d'oxygène liquide) et à décalage
vertical partiel (le décalage vertical partiel n'est pas illustré pour ne pas
surcharger les figures) et qui assure la distribution fine du liquide.As illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, the liquid from this bath enters
each first pass L through a series of perforations in a
Le liquide tombe de l'onde 26 sur un larmier supérieur 25 constitué
par une bande d'aluminium pliée avec une série de pointes triangulaires 29
formant un angle de 135° avec le plan d'une des plaques 4 du passage L
considéré.The liquid falls from the
Le bout de chaque pointe 29 du larmier supérieur 15 se trouve au-dessus
d'une pointe d'un larmier inférieur 24, identique au premier mais
dont les pointes sont orientées vers l'autre plaque 4 du passage L
considéré.The end of each
Le liquide à vaporiser s'écoule alors sur les plaques 4 du premier
passage L considéré sous forme d'un film ruisselant vers le bas.The liquid to be vaporized then flows on the
Le gaz à condenser rentre dans les deuxièmes passages G au
moyen d'une tuyauterie 9 soudée au milieu d'une tête 8 (parfois appelée
« boíte » ou en anglais « headline ») semi-cylindrique. The gas to be condensed enters the second passages G at
by means of a
Le gaz s'écoule alors vers le bas dans les deuxièmes passages G à cocourant du liquide dans les premiers passages L, la condensation du gaz assurant la vaporisation du liquide dans les premiers passages L.The gas then flows downwards in the second passages G to cocurrent of the liquid in the first passages L, the condensation of the gas ensuring the vaporization of the liquid in the first passages L.
Comme illustré par la figure 5a, seuls les deuxièmes passages G
contiennent chacun une onde-entretoise 21 constituée d'une tôle
d'aluminium perforée ondulée à génératrices verticales (disposition en
« easy-way »).As illustrated in FIG. 5a, only the second passages G
each contain a
De manière classique, ces ondes-entretoises 21 remplissent également la fonction d'ailettes thermiques.Conventionally, these spacer waves 21 fill also the function of thermal fins.
Les premiers passages L ont une épaisseur inférieure à celle des deuxièmes passages G.The first passages L have a thickness less than that of the second passages G.
En particulier, l'épaisseur des premiers passages L est comprise entre 2,5 mm et les deux tiers de l'épaisseur des deuxièmes passages G.In particular, the thickness of the first passages L is included between 2.5 mm and two thirds of the thickness of the second G passages.
Les premiers passages L sont délimités chacun par deux plaques 4
voisines et par des barres de fermeture 30 situées entre celles-ci sur leurs
bords latéraux. Les plaques 4, entre lesquelles un premier passage L est
situé, définissent donc entre elles un espace libre et continu pratiquement
sur toute leur largeur, cette largeur étant mesurée selon une direction
transversale à celle de l'écoulement du film ruisselant.The first passages L are each delimited by two
Les premiers passages L sont plus étroits que les deuxièmes
passages G et ne contiennent ni d'ondes d'échange ni de passages
auxiliaires. La distance entre les plaques adjacentes 4 des premiers
passages L varie entre 2,5 mm et les deux-tiers de la séparation entre les
plaques 4 des deuxièmes passages G.The first passages L are narrower than the second
passages G and contain neither exchange waves nor passages
auxiliaries. The distance between the
Par conséquent, les premiers passages L possèdent sur toute leur
longueur une section transversale rectangulaire libre de tout obstacle et
continue. Cette section a une largeur sensiblement égale à la largeur des
plaques 4 et donc à la largeur du corps d'échangeur de chaleur, c'est-à-dire
une largeur d'environ 1 mètre.Consequently, the first passages L have on all their
length a rectangular cross section free of any obstacle and
keep on going. This section has a width substantially equal to the width of the
Du fait de l'étendue transversale des passages L, les risques de bouchage de ceux-ci sont donc limités. Due to the transverse extent of the passages L, the risks of clogging of these are therefore limited.
En effet, si un dépôt local de substances résultant de la vaporisation
du liquide se produit sur les plaques 4 d'un premier passage L, le liquide à
vaporiser peut contourner ce dépôt.Indeed, if a local deposit of substances resulting from vaporization
liquid occurs on the
De plus, on constate que la structure des premiers passages L
permet de limiter la recirculation de liquide nécessaire dans le vaporiseur 2.In addition, we see that the structure of the first passages L
limits the recirculation of liquid required in the
De manière générale, les risques de bouchage peuvent être limités
en utilisant des premiers passages L présentant en section transversale
courante, c'est-à-dire sur l'essentiel de leur longueur, une région
d'écoulement libre de tout obstacle et continue qui s'étend le long d'une
courbe directrice C de longueur supérieure à environ 10 cm. Dans le cas
des figures 1 à 5a, cette courbe directrice C est une droite parallèle aux
plaques 4, situées entre celles-ci, et d'une longueur d'environ 1 m. La droite
C est représentée en pointillés sur la figure 5a.In general, the risks of blockage can be limited
using first passages L having in cross section
current, that is to say over most of their length, a region
unobstructed and continuous flow that extends along a
guide curve C of length greater than approximately 10 cm. In the case
Figures 1 to 5a, this guide curve C is a straight line parallel to
Selon la variante de la figure 5b, la distance séparant les deux
plaques 4 associées à un premier passage L est supérieure à celle de la
variante des figures 1 à 5a.According to the variant of FIG. 5b, the distance separating the two
Deux tôles 29 et 31 identiques, en aluminium, et de section
transversale en epicyloide, sont disposées entre les deux plaques 4
associées à chaque premier passage L et s'étendent sur toute leur
longueur. Chaque tôle 29, 31 comprend donc une série de sections semi-cylindriques
jointes aux bouts de façon à former une ligne courbée.Two
Chaque tôle 29, 31 est portée par une plaque 4. Les concavités des
tôles 29, 31 sont dirigées l'une vers l'autre. Les tôles 29 et 31 sont décalées
transversalement l'une de l'autre de sorte que les pointes de chaque tôle
sont situées en regard d'un creux de l'autre tôle. Ainsi, les deux tôles 29 et
31 forment un seul passage auxiliaire entre elles, dans lequel s'écoule tout
le fluide circulant dans le premier passage L considéré.Each
Les tôles 29 et 31 jouent le rôle d'ailettes thermiques et délimitent
donc entre elles la région d'écoulement du liquide à vaporiser.The
Le passage auxiliaire de chaque premier passage L s'étend, dans sa
section transversale, continûment et librement pratiquement sur toute la
largeur du corps d'échangeur thermique. La courbe directrice C mentionnée
ci-dessus s'étend alors entre les tôles 29 et 31 en suivant leurs contours. La
courbe directrice est alors sinueuse et possède une longueur supérieure à 1
m.The auxiliary passage of each first passage L extends, in its
cross section, continuously and freely practically over the entire
width of the heat exchanger body. The mentioned guideline C
above then extends between the
Ici encore, les premiers passages L permettent de limiter les risques de bouchage grâce à une étendue transversale suffisante pour que le liquide à vaporiser contourne d'éventuels dépôts.Here again, the first passages L make it possible to limit the risks closure thanks to a sufficient transverse extent so that the liquid to be sprayed bypasses any deposits.
Dans la variante de la figure 5c), les passages auxiliaires des
premiers passages L sont formés par des tubes contigus 23 en aluminium.
Dans les deuxièmes passages G on trouve les ondes 21 à génératrices
verticales classiques.In the variant of FIG. 5c), the auxiliary passages of the
first passages L are formed by
Dans la variante de la figure 5d), les passages auxiliaires des premiers passages L sont des tubes non-contigus ayant une section en forme de feuilles de trèfle.In the variant of FIG. 5d), the auxiliary passages of the first passages L are non-contiguous tubes having a cross section shape of clover leaves.
Dans chaque cas des figures 5b à 5d, le ou les passages auxiliaires
ne comprend que des surfaces courbes ou des convexités empêchant ainsi
l'accumulation d'impuretés dans les passages et permettant de limiter la
recirculation de liquide nécessaire dans le vaporiseur 2.In each case of FIGS. 5b to 5d, the auxiliary passage (s)
includes only curved surfaces or convexities thus preventing
the accumulation of impurities in the passages and making it possible to limit the
liquid recirculation required in the
L'invention n'est pas limitée aux vaporiseurs à film ruisselant mais s'applique également aux vaporiseurs dits à bain.The invention is not limited to dripping film vaporizers but also applies to so-called bath vaporizers.
La figure 6 illustre un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention dans
lequel l'enveloppe étanche 3 du vaporiseur-condenseur 2 comprend une
virole 40 d'axe vertical, fermée par un dôme bombé 41 et par un fond
bombé 42. Un faisceau de tubes 44 est disposé à l'intérieur de la virole 40,
coaxialement à celle-ci, pour former avec la virole 40 un corps d'échangeur
de chaleur.FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the invention in
which the sealed
Les tubes 44 ont un diamètre extérieur d'environ 5 mm et une
épaisseur d'environ 1 mm. Les tubes 44 sont disposés en un faisceau
régulier, qui forme en coupe transversale (figure 7) un réseau à maille
carrée d'environ 8 mm de côté. De préférence, les tubes ont un diamètre
extérieur inférieur à 7 mm et sont espacés d'au moins 2 mm.The
Les extrémités supérieures des tubes 44 sont fixées à une plaque
dite tubulaire 45 supérieure dans laquelle ils débouchent. La plaque 45 est
disposée dans le dôme 41. De même, les extrémités inférieures des tubes
44 débouchent dans une plaque tubulaire 46 inférieure disposée dans le
fond 42, les tubes 44 étant fixée à cette plaque 46.The upper ends of the
L'espace délimité par la plaque tubulaire 45 et le dôme 41 est relié à
la conduite 9 d'amenée de gaz riche en azote pour former des moyens
d'introduction dans les tubes 44 du gaz à condenser.The space delimited by the
L'espace délimité par la plaque tubulaire 46 et le fond 42 est relié à la
conduite 11 d'évacuation du gaz condensé et au tuyau 13 d'évacuation des
gaz rares incondensables pour former des moyens d'évacuation du gaz
condensé hors des tubes 44.The space delimited by the
Les tubes 44 définissent donc intérieurement les deuxièmes
passages G.The
La conduite 6 d'amenée du liquide riche en oxygène débouche dans
la virole 40 sous la plaque tubulaire 45. La conduite 7 de renvoi est
disposée entre la plaque tubulaire 45 et la conduite 6.The
Une plaque circulaire 48 de distribution est disposée sous la conduite
6 transversalement à l'axe A de la virole 40. Cette plaque 48 est percée d'un
réseau d'orifices circulaires 49 de 6 mm de diamètre recevant chacun de
manière coaxiale un tube 44.A
Le bain du liquide à vaporiser se forme au-dessus de la plaque 48 de
distribution. Le liquide est distribué sous cette plaque 48 par les espaces
annulaires 50 délimités autour des tubes 44 par les orifices 49.The bath of the liquid to be vaporized is formed above the
Le liquide s'écoule alors sous forme d'un liquide ruisselant sur la
surface extérieure des tubes 44, à cocourant du gaz à condenser.The liquid then flows in the form of a liquid trickling on the
outer surface of the
Le liquide vaporisé est renvoyé par l'intermédiaire de la conduite 14
vers la cuve de la colonne basse pression tandis que l'excès d'oxygène
liquide présent au-dessus de la plaque tubulaire 46 est renvoyé par la
conduite 16 et par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe 51 vers la conduite 6.The vaporized liquid is returned via the
Les tubes 44 délimitent donc extérieurement, avec la virole 40, un
seul premier passage L dédié à la circulation du liquide à vaporiser.The
Ce premier passage L possède, dans sa section courante, une région
sensiblement diamétrale dont la ligne directrice C rectiligne, passant par
l'axe A de la virole 40, a une longueur de l'ordre du diamètre intérieur de la
virole 40. Ce diamètre intérieur peut être par exemple égal à environ 1 m.
Ce mode de réalisation de l'invention permet donc également de limiter les
risques de bouchage du premier passage L.This first passage L has, in its current section, a region
appreciably diametral, the straight line C of which passes through
the axis A of the
De manière plus générale, cet effet pourra être obtenu avec d'autres
formes et dimensions du motif de base du faisceau de tubes 44 que celles
des figures 6 et 7.More generally, this effect can be obtained with other
shapes and dimensions of the basic pattern of the bundle of
Dans certains cas, le premier passage L comprendra en section
transversale une multitude de régions d'écoulement, libres de tout obstacle
et continues, qui onduleront entre les tubes 44. Les courbes directrices C de
ces régions seront alors sinueuses et auront une longueur de préférence
supérieure à environ 10 cm et, de manière plus souhaitable, supérieure à
environ 1 m.In some cases, the first passage L will include in section
transverse a multitude of flow regions, free of any obstacle
and continuous, which will undulate between the
Claims (33)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9815421A FR2786858B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 1998-12-07 | HEAT EXCHANGER |
FR9815421 | 1998-12-07 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1008826A1 true EP1008826A1 (en) | 2000-06-14 |
EP1008826B1 EP1008826B1 (en) | 2004-04-21 |
Family
ID=9533663
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99403043A Expired - Lifetime EP1008826B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 1999-12-06 | Falling film vaporizer and air distillation plant |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6695043B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1008826B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69916562T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2786858B1 (en) |
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WO2012048078A1 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-12 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Carbon dioxide removal process |
US9452386B1 (en) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-09-27 | L'Air Liquide Socieété Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Hybrid membrane and adsorption-based system and process for recovering CO2 from flue gas and using combustion air for adsorbent regeneration |
US9452385B1 (en) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-09-27 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Hybrid membrane and adsorption-based system and process for recovering CO2 from flue gas and using combustion air for adsorbent regeneration |
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Cited By (15)
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EP1067347A1 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2001-01-10 | Nippon Sanso Corporation | Downflow liquid film type condensation evaporator |
EP1067347A4 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2002-08-14 | Nippon Oxygen Co Ltd | Downflow liquid film type condensation evaporator |
EP1262725A3 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2003-01-08 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cryogenic condensation and vaporization system |
US8663364B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2014-03-04 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Étude et l'Éxploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Method of obtaining carbon dioxide from carbon dioxide-containing gas mixture |
WO2011084516A1 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2011-07-14 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method of obtaining carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide - containing gas mixture by means of a membrane and condensing |
WO2011084512A1 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2011-07-14 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method of obtaining carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-containing gas mixture |
WO2011084508A2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2011-07-14 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method of obtaining carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-containing gas mixture |
US8734569B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2014-05-27 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method of obtaining carbon dioxide from carbon dioxide-containing gas mixture |
EP3395428A2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2018-10-31 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method of obtaining carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-containing gas mixture |
WO2011110782A1 (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2011-09-15 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Heat exchanger |
WO2012048078A1 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-12 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Carbon dioxide removal process |
US8911535B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2014-12-16 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Carbon dioxide removal process |
CN102305561A (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2012-01-04 | 李永堂 | Plate-tube type heat exchanger |
US9452386B1 (en) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-09-27 | L'Air Liquide Socieété Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Hybrid membrane and adsorption-based system and process for recovering CO2 from flue gas and using combustion air for adsorbent regeneration |
US9452385B1 (en) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-09-27 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Hybrid membrane and adsorption-based system and process for recovering CO2 from flue gas and using combustion air for adsorbent regeneration |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2786858B1 (en) | 2001-01-19 |
DE69916562T2 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
EP1008826B1 (en) | 2004-04-21 |
DE69916562D1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
FR2786858A1 (en) | 2000-06-09 |
US6695043B1 (en) | 2004-02-24 |
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