EP1007791A1 - aROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE CONSOLIDATION OU DE STABILISATION DU SOL - Google Patents

aROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE CONSOLIDATION OU DE STABILISATION DU SOL

Info

Publication number
EP1007791A1
EP1007791A1 EP98937342A EP98937342A EP1007791A1 EP 1007791 A1 EP1007791 A1 EP 1007791A1 EP 98937342 A EP98937342 A EP 98937342A EP 98937342 A EP98937342 A EP 98937342A EP 1007791 A1 EP1007791 A1 EP 1007791A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
ground
soil
ground reinforcement
anchor element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98937342A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1007791A4 (fr
Inventor
Dale John Anderson
Peter John Yttrup
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Screw In Technologies Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Screw In Technologies Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Screw In Technologies Pty Ltd filed Critical Screw In Technologies Pty Ltd
Publication of EP1007791A1 publication Critical patent/EP1007791A1/fr
Publication of EP1007791A4 publication Critical patent/EP1007791A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/801—Ground anchors driven by screwing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to reinforcement of earth structures, both naturally occurring and man-made.
  • Ground reinforcement systems such as geogrids, metal strips and fabrics have been used to improve the properties and behaviour of placed earth fills. These systems are practicable only with man-made earth structures, as they are placed in position during construction.
  • the "soil nail” has been developed in recent years.
  • the soil nails are in general a cylindrical shaft of constant dimension throughout. Initially soil nails were in the form of a metal reinforcing shaft grouted into a cylindrical hole in the ground.
  • Ballistic soil nails have been developed more recently.
  • a ballistic soil nail is a metal reinforcing shaft which has been percussively driven into the ground. Both forms of soil nails operate by way of both: adhesion of soil to the shaft of the nail; and friction between the soil and the shaft of the nail.
  • screw-in ground anchors have been known for some time. These anchors generally comprise a shaft carrying one or more helical flights. Rotation of the shaft of such an anchor causes the anchor to screw into the ground. Typical descriptions of such anchors include the following patent documents.
  • screw-in ground anchors have been used either as tension anchors or as foundation anchors, they have not been used in the field of ground reinforcement.
  • the A. B. Chance Company has also manufactured screw-in foundation anchors for some years.
  • Forms of these anchors specifically designed for street lighting generally comprise a hollow steel pipe, carrying at least one helical flight or auger adjacent one end. Rotation of the pipe screws the foundation into the ground.
  • the leading end of the pipe may be open, or it may be closed off with a shaped blanking plate.
  • the other end of the pipe generally carries a plate to which a street light may be bolted.
  • the present invention utilises screw-in ground anchors in the field of ground reinforcement, where the anchors are normally neither under tension or compression.
  • the present invention also provides alternative types of screw-in ground anchors.
  • the present invention seeks to provide soil reinforcement apparatus
  • the present invention also seeks to provide:
  • This invention provides a ground anchor element comprising a shaft having at least one substantially helical flight adjacent each end.
  • This invention also provides a ground reinforcement method which may utilise a ground anchor element according to the invention.
  • an anchor element is placed with one end and at least one adjacent helical flight in relatively stable ground, and with the other end in relatively unstable ground. If ground movement or sliding fracture occurs, the resistance of the anchor element is mobilised to improve the resistance against ground movement or sliding fracture.
  • the anchor resistance is in the form of tension in the shaft of the anchor element and compression bearing onto the soil mass, thereby anchoring the potentially sliding soil down to the deeper stable structure.
  • the compression bearing onto the soil mass is provided at least in part by the helical flight which is in the relatively stable ground bearing against that ground.
  • This invention also provides a method of treating polluted soil, comprising placing a ground anchor element according to this invention into the ground and introducing an active agent or active agents into the ground through a hollow shaft of the anchor element.
  • This invention also provides a method of draining soil, comprising placing a ground anchor element according to this invention into the ground and draining water out of the soil through a hollow shaft of the anchor element.
  • This invention also provides a method of inspecting sub-soil conditions, comprising placing an anchor element which has a removable tip according to this invention into the ground, removing the tip, and sampling the undisturbed soil ahead of the anchor element.
  • apparatus may have more than one flights adj acent either or both ends of the shaft.
  • the shaft may be hollow.
  • the leading end of the shaft may be provided with a tip which prevents soil from occluding the hollow shaft.
  • the tip may be fixed or removable.
  • the anchor member be or carry an electrode to create an electric field to provide an electro-osmosis effect enhancing movement of moisture through the soil.
  • the shaft When the shaft is hollow, it may be either or both of:
  • the shaft of an anchor element according to the present invention may:
  • the compression bearing onto the soil mass be provided by the helical flights of a ground anchor element according to this invention.
  • compression may be provided by a helical flight adjacent one end of a shaft and at least in part by some other means adjacent the other end of the shaft.
  • the other means takes the form of a substantially flat plate.
  • Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view illustrating a ground reinforcement method and apparatus according to the prior art.
  • Figure 2 is a side elevational view of a ground anchor element according to the present invention.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are vertical sectional views illustrating a method of ground reinforcement according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a side elevational view of a ground anchor element according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view illustrating both a ground anchor element and a method of ground reinforcement according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view illustrating both a method of ground reinforcement and a method of ground water reduction according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is an elevational view, partly in section, of an embodiment of a ground anchor according to the present invention which is particularly adapted for use in corrosive conditions.
  • Figures 9, 10 and 11 are vertical sectional views illustrating the use of the method and apparatus of the present invention to stabilise existing structures.
  • Figure 12 is a vertical sectional view of use of apparatus and a method according to the present invention used to rehabilitate an earth structure which has failed.
  • Figure 13 is a vertical sectional view of apparatus according to the present invention which allows sampling of soil conditions.
  • Figure 14 is a vertical sectional view of apparatus according to the present invention which is used in the construction of a well.
  • FIG. 1 shows the use of prior art soil nails as soil reinforcement.
  • an embankment 2 has an exposed, inclined earthen face 3 and has a roadway 4 on the top 7 of the embankment.
  • Geomechanical failure of a structure such as embankment 2 tends to take place by slippage of soil mass 8 along surface 9 which may be circular as in the vertical section illustrated. Initial failure may occur by rotation of soil mass 8 as a coherent structure about point 11 , which is the centre point of the circular arc which defines the surface 9.
  • Soil nails 12, 13 and 14 have been placed into the embankment from the direction of exposed face 3.
  • the soil mass 8 is in equilibrium, there is no resultant stress applied by the soil in the direction of the length of the nail.
  • the soil mass 8 begins to move, there is adhesion of soil to the surfaces of the nails, and friction between the soil and the surface of the nail. The consequent adhesive and frictional forces put the nails into tension along the direction of their length and restrains the soil mass 8 from moving.
  • Figure 2 shows a screw-in earth anchor element 16 with shaft 17 and flights 18, 19 adjacent each end.
  • the element 16 may be of hot dipped galvanised steel, black steel, or other suitable material.
  • the flights 18 and 19 are substantially helical, and are welded to shaft 17.
  • the shaft 17 is of substantially uniform diameter throughout its length between flights 18 and 19.
  • the coupling 20 transfers torque in a known manner from a known driving element which is not shown in the figure.
  • the application of rotation to the end of the shaft via coupling 20 advances the anchor element into the ground in the well-know manner of a screw, allowing the screw-in ground anchor element to be installed.
  • Flights 18 and 19 may be of the same pitch, or of different pitch.
  • pitches of flights 18 and 19 may be chosen to be different such that advancement of the anchor element into the soil causes compression of the soil between the two flights. This compressive pre-loading changes the characteristics of the soil and increases the stabilising effect of the anchor element.
  • the dimensions of the anchor elements prefferably be in the following ranges: shaft diameter, 60 mm to 220 mm; flight diameter 150 mm to 600 mm; flight spacing along the shaft at least 2.5 times the flight diameter; and flight pitch typically one-third the helix diameter.
  • the configuration and placement of anchor elements according to the invention are site specific. That is, the dimensions, number and placement of the anchor elements depend on the site and are determined using standard engineering techniques.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the use of ground anchor elements according to Figure 2 to support a steep excavation.
  • the original ground line 21 had been excavated to produce vertical face 22.
  • Anchor elements 23 have been screwed into earth 24 in a substantially horizontal orientation to provide reinforcement. If the mass of earth 24 begins to slip in direction of face 22, then adhesion of soil to shaft 17 and friction between the soil and the surface of shaft 17 will, in a manner similar to the operation of the prior art soil nails, provide some degree of stabilisation of the soil. However, in addition to these forces of adhesion and friction, the movement of soil in direction 25 will tend to put the shaft 17 of reinforcing element 16 into tension, and the shaft 17 acting through flights 18 and 19 will tend to place the soil mass between flights 18 and 19 into compression.
  • Flights 18 are embedded in relatively stable soil remote from moving face 22, tending to anchor the anchor element in place.
  • the compressive forces acting on moving soil in the vicinity of flights 19 will in turn tend to hold that soil back from moving.
  • Figure 4 illustrates how ground anchor elements according to the present invention may be used in a different manner to support a steep excavation.
  • the original ground line 26 has been excavated to produce vertical face 27.
  • Anchor elements 28 have been screwed into earth 29 in a substantially vertical orientation to provide reinforcement.
  • the orientation of the anchor elements can be chosen having regard to the degree and placement of reinforcement required, and availability of access for installation.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of ground anchor elements according to the present invention.
  • Shaft 31 carries three substantially helical flights 32, 33 and 34 adjacent the coupling 35.
  • Two substantially helical flights 36 and 37 are carried adjacent the end 38 of shaft 31 remote from the coupling 35.
  • the two flights adjacent end 38 are deeper in the earth structure than are the three flights adjacent coupling 35.
  • the soil deeper in the structure will be stronger than will be the soil closer to the surface. Fewer flights will be necessary to develop a given load bearing capacity in this stronger soil than will be necessary to develop the same load bearing capacity in the weaker soil nearer the surface.
  • screw-in anchors 40 have additionally been provided with restraining plates 41, 42 and 43.
  • Each restraining plate is attached at or adjacent an end of an anchor, and each restraining plate bears against the exposed face 44 of the excavation.
  • the installation of the anchor is adjusted so that the shaft of the anchor is under tension, the restraining plate and the anchor operating to place a positive compressive load to the earth.
  • Each screw-in anchor element is installed as a single operation and supports load immediately without delays for grouts to set.
  • screw-in anchor elements are provided with a helical flight or flights similar to 18 adjacent their ground penetrating end only and restraining plates similar to 41-43 adjacent their other end.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the use of the present invention to improve stability of a slope (either natural or man-made) by both mechanical reinforcement and pore water pressure reduction.
  • the shaft 46 of each screw-in anchor is hollow and protrudes from the face 47 of the slope 48. Water enters the hollow shaft through a porous tip 49 of each shaft 46.
  • the porous tip may be made of any suitable material such as sintered bronze or porous ceramics.
  • water enters the hollow shaft through slots or holes in the surface of the shaft.
  • the hollow shaft is preferably filled with a porous filter material to prevent soil from washing into the shaft.
  • Suitable porous filter materials include filter paper, geo-textile fabric, and sand glued together with epoxy glue.
  • At least one anchor element be or carry an electrode to create an electric field to provide an electro- osmosis effect enhancing movement of moisture through the soil.
  • Yet other embodiments of the invention are useful in ground conditions where corrosion of the shaft of the reinforcing element could be a problem.
  • FIG 8 illustrates one such embodiment.
  • This figure shows an anchor element 51 with a single flight 18.
  • the flight 18 is not welded to a shaft, but instead it is welded to a pilot section 52 which in turn is detachably connected to a drive tool 53 in the form of a hollow shaft.
  • a tie bar or reinforcement bar 54 runs down the hollow shaft of the drive tool 53 and is connected to the pilot section 52.
  • Tie bar or reinforcement bar 54 may be made of any suitable material such as steel or high tensile strength pultruded plastics material.
  • Anchor element 51 is screwed into the ground in the usual manner. Depending on how firm the soil is, the drive tool 53 then may or may not be removed.
  • the anchor element comprises flight 18 cemented to a reinforced concrete rod.
  • a restraining plate as described with reference to figure 6 is attached to the end of the anchor element remote from the helical flight 18.
  • Figure 9 illustrates the use of screw-in anchors 55 to strengthen the foundations 56 of new or existing buildings.
  • Figure 10 similarly illustrates the use of the screw-in anchors 57 to improve foundations under an embankment or large tank 58.
  • the anchors 57 can either be installed during construction or as a retrofit.
  • Figure 11 illustrates how an embodiment of this invention can be used to stabilise the foundations of existing structures without the need for physically interfering with the existing structure.
  • the figure illustrates a structure 61 which has developed a "lean" because of differential compression of the foundation soil.
  • Anchor elements 62, 63 and 64 have been installed at one side of the structure where the soil is more compressible. In the embodiment of the invention as illustrated in figure 11, the loads on anchor elements
  • Figure 12 is a vertical sectional view of use of apparatus and a method according to the present invention to rehabilitate an earth structure which has failed.
  • Figure 12 shows an earth structure which has failed by slip failure along face 67 which is circular in the vertical section illustrated.
  • Anchor elements 68 according to the present invention have been placed into structure 66 with one end protruding from face 67. These protruding ends have been attached to a reinforcing mesh 69 laid over the face 67. Fill 70 has then been laid over the reinforcing mesh 69 to form a face 71.
  • Further anchor elements 73 according to the present invention have been inserted through fill 69 and into the structure 66, with one end protruding from face 71. These protruding ends have been attached to a reinforcing mesh 72 laid over face 71. The face 71 and the reinforcing mesh 72 have then been sprayed with a thin layer of concrete.
  • Anchor element 75 of figure 13 has hollow shaft 76 with an open leading end 77.
  • Shaft 76 carries helical flight 18 adjacent leading end 77.
  • a removable rod 78 carrying closure plug 79 extends the length of shaft 76.
  • the anchor element 75 carrying rod 78 with closure plug 79 is advanced into the soil.
  • the rod 78 and plug 79 are removed, and the soil ahead of the anchor element 75 is sampled.
  • the rod 78 and plug 79 may then be replaced, and the anchor element advanced further into the soil to take another soil sample.
  • FIG 14. shows an anchor element 81 with a single flight 18.
  • the flight 18 is not welded to a shaft, but instead it is welded to a pilot section 82 which in turn is detachably connected to a drive tool 83 in the form of a hollow shaft.
  • a well-liner 84 extends the length of the anchor element 81.
  • anchor element 81 is advanced into the ground carrying well-liner 84 to the desired depth.
  • Drive tool 83 is then detached from pilot section 82, and removed from the ground, leaving well-liner 84 in place.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de consolidation du sol nécessitant l'emploi d'un élément d'ancrage à visser (16) dans le sol. Cet élément d'ancrage est constitué d'une tige (17), d'une première suite d'éléments de révolutions hélicoïdaux (18) contre l'extrémité de pénétration, d'une deuxième suite d'éléments de révolution hélicoïdaux (19) contre l'extrémité de fuite, et d'une prise de couplage moteur (20). L'élément d'ancrage se visse dans le sol, l'extrémité de pénétration dans du sol relativement stable, et l'extrémité de fuite dans du sol relativement instable. Le pas de la première suite d'éléments de révolution hélicoïdaux (18) peut être supérieur au pas de la deuxième suite d'éléments de révolution hélicoïdaux (19). La tige (17) peut être creuse. Dans le cas d'une tige (17) creuse, celle-ci peut servir au drainage des liquides ou gaz du terrain, ou à l'introduction d'agents de traitement pour terrains pollués.
EP98937342A 1997-08-01 1998-07-31 aROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE CONSOLIDATION OU DE STABILISATION DU SOL Withdrawn EP1007791A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPO8387A AUPO838797A0 (en) 1997-08-01 1997-08-01 Ground reinforcement or stabilisation method and apparatus
AUPO838797 1997-08-01
PCT/AU1998/000606 WO1999006639A1 (fr) 1997-08-01 1998-07-31 aROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE CONSOLIDATION OU DE STABILISATION DU SOL

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1007791A1 true EP1007791A1 (fr) 2000-06-14
EP1007791A4 EP1007791A4 (fr) 2003-01-29

Family

ID=3802676

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98937342A Withdrawn EP1007791A4 (fr) 1997-08-01 1998-07-31 aROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE CONSOLIDATION OU DE STABILISATION DU SOL

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1007791A4 (fr)
KR (1) KR100389936B1 (fr)
AU (1) AUPO838797A0 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ502617A (fr)
WO (1) WO1999006639A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2356884B (en) 1999-12-03 2001-11-07 Keller Ltd Slope stabilising means
US20070286686A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-13 Precision Pier, Usa, Inc. Method For Installing A Solidifying Material Pier Anchorage System
FR2913033B1 (fr) * 2007-02-23 2010-10-29 Marmou Richard Hustache Dispositif d'ancrage semi permanent/permanent destine a amarrer des corps flottants
KR100919277B1 (ko) * 2008-11-11 2009-09-30 박시우 정착수단을 이용한 네일 앵커 및 그 시공방법
US8888413B2 (en) * 2010-11-09 2014-11-18 Hubbell Incorporated Transition coupling between cylindrical drive shaft and helical pile shaft
CN112854286A (zh) * 2020-10-15 2021-05-28 上海皇广光电科技有限公司 一种斜坡式地面用快装型路灯及其安装方法
GB2623588A (en) * 2022-10-21 2024-04-24 Platipus Anchors Holdings Ltd A peg for securing matting to the ground

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE576831C (de) * 1932-02-17 1933-05-18 Wilhelm Strauss Schraubspitze fuer Brunnenrohre
US3243962A (en) * 1961-04-17 1966-04-05 George R Ratliff Method and apparatus for treating soil
JPS6225612A (ja) * 1985-07-26 1987-02-03 Eijiro Kurahashi 杭
GB2212196A (en) * 1987-11-12 1989-07-19 Bicc Plc Soil stabilisation
WO1992001839A1 (fr) * 1990-07-23 1992-02-06 Lebedev Evgeny V Perforateur a helice utilise pour tester un sol meuble
WO1993012312A1 (fr) * 1991-12-12 1993-06-24 Instant Foundations (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. Dispositifs d'ancrage dans le sol
EP0548765A2 (fr) * 1991-12-20 1993-06-30 Hughes Aircraft Company Système de décontamination du sol utilisant des sondes d'extraction et d'injection récupérables

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0073264A1 (fr) * 1981-08-31 1983-03-09 Eugenio Ravaglia Dispositif d'ancrage dans le sol pour piquets
NL9000334A (nl) * 1990-02-12 1991-09-02 Halbe Wietse Scheper Inschroef-grondanker.
AU655150B3 (en) * 1991-12-12 1994-12-01 Instant Foundations (Aust) Pty Ltd Ground anchors
NL9400599A (nl) * 1994-04-15 1995-11-01 Den Heuvel Werkendam B V Van Werkwijze en inrichting voor het in de grond aanbrengen van verticale zandlichamen.
GB9501534D0 (en) * 1995-01-26 1995-03-15 Rich Malcolm R Ground fixing

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE576831C (de) * 1932-02-17 1933-05-18 Wilhelm Strauss Schraubspitze fuer Brunnenrohre
US3243962A (en) * 1961-04-17 1966-04-05 George R Ratliff Method and apparatus for treating soil
JPS6225612A (ja) * 1985-07-26 1987-02-03 Eijiro Kurahashi 杭
GB2212196A (en) * 1987-11-12 1989-07-19 Bicc Plc Soil stabilisation
WO1992001839A1 (fr) * 1990-07-23 1992-02-06 Lebedev Evgeny V Perforateur a helice utilise pour tester un sol meuble
WO1993012312A1 (fr) * 1991-12-12 1993-06-24 Instant Foundations (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. Dispositifs d'ancrage dans le sol
EP0548765A2 (fr) * 1991-12-20 1993-06-30 Hughes Aircraft Company Système de décontamination du sol utilisant des sondes d'extraction et d'injection récupérables

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 205 (M-603), 3 July 1987 (1987-07-03) & JP 62 025612 A (EIJIRO KURAHASHI;OTHERS: 01), 3 February 1987 (1987-02-03) *
See also references of WO9906639A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999006639A1 (fr) 1999-02-11
KR20010022706A (ko) 2001-03-26
EP1007791A4 (fr) 2003-01-29
KR100389936B1 (ko) 2003-07-04
AUPO838797A0 (en) 1997-08-28
NZ502617A (en) 2001-09-28

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