EP1004414B1 - Stone cutting tool with PCD cutting segments - Google Patents

Abstract

A stone cutting and polishing tool has a polishing/cutting wheel made of polycrystalline diamond (PKD) segments/blades arranged in a pattern on a support disc. The working edges of the segments/blades are set at a negative angle of up to 10 deg. to the rotational direction of the tool. The spaces between the working edges enable debris to be removed without clogging the tool. The tool can be used dry or with a lubricant.

Description

The invention relates to a milling tool or sawing tool for processing stone or 10 stone-like materials according to the preamble of claims 1 and 10 respectively.

EP-A-0 590 408 discloses a tool for milling grooves and folds in wood, Wood materials, plastics or other non-ferrous metals, the tool is provided with cutting from PCD segments according to the preamble of independent claim 1.

EP 0 485 660 A1 describes a sawing tool that with cutting from PCD segments according to Preamble of independent claim 10 provided is.

DE 196 52 208 A1 describes a tool for processing stone or stone-like Materials known, which is provided with cutting edges from PCD segments, wherein the PCD segments / cutting at a negative cutting angle or rake angle are arranged in the range of 5 ° to 30 ° to the direction of rotation of the tool.

So far it was known to stone or stone-like materials in wet grinding or Machining sawing process, using tools for machining Tungsten carbide or tools with sintered diamond blades were used. The main disadvantage of previous machining methods is that they are always wet must be processed, i.e. Water or the like used as a cooling medium must be so that the tools do not run hot or wear too much. Another disadvantage of the known tools was that almost every Application, e.g. a special one for processing asphalt, stone, etc. Tool had to be used that was tailored to this application was.

Another disadvantage of wet processing was that the grinding sludge or material removed by machining by mixing with the cooling medium the work area is dirty and has to be laboriously removed or not could be removed.

The object of the invention is to provide a milling tool or sawing tool for processing stone or to develop stone-like materials that are dry but nevertheless quick and low-wear processing of the material is permitted.

This object is the subject of claims 1 and 10 solved.

An essential feature of the invention is that the milling tool or saw tool with cutting edges PCD segments (polycrystalline diamond). This with PCD cutting equipped tool is excellent for dry, but also wet, processing of stone or stone-like materials.

This offers the advantage that it is not - as in the prior art - grinding or cut-off of the material by hard metal tools or diamond-coated tools, but by PCD cutting that the material is actually cut, and thus a clean cut is achieved.
Another advantage is that cooling of the processing point can be completely dispensed with, that is, purely dry processing is possible.

Despite the absence of a liquid cooling medium, there is the significant advantage that the service life of such a tool is significantly longer than that of comparable conventional tools.
This means that there is essentially no material wear on the tool compared to conventional tools. With conventional tools, there has always been enormous wear due to abrasion, which is minimized in the present invention.

Another advantage is that the processing of the stone or stone-like Materials significantly faster compared to conventional tools can be done. Experiments have shown that the doubling of the Achieve processing speed, in individual cases even much more leaves.

Another advantage of the invention is that the presence of Foreign materials occurring in the stone material, e.g. plastics, Limescale deposits etc., does not affect the machining process. at conventional tools was a presence of foreign materials significant problem.

In one embodiment according to the invention it is provided that the PCD segments or cutting at a negative angle (rake angle) to the direction of rotation or direction of rotation of the tool are used. This angle can Range from 0 ° to approx. 10 °. The angle is preferably approximately 5 °.

In a first embodiment, the tool is generally a milling tool educated. The milling head - in the direction of rotation - is in the area in front the PCD cutters arranged chip spaces that are negative in the direction of rotation, ie against the direction of rotation in a tangential direction to the radius at an angle run from 0 to 10 °. This so-called axis angle is therefore negative Direction of rotation arranged.

This causes the chips to be removed radially outward from the Machining area to be removed. Another advantage of the invention is that the tool or the PCD segments can be resharpened several times, or at Damage etc. are easily exchangeable.

Milling tools with different diameters and different number of cutting edges can be provided. Also plays the shape of the Milling head essentially no role. For editing or for that It is also important that the tool is dynamically balanced Damage to the machine or the tool itself can be avoided (Bearing failure).

In a further embodiment, the tool is generally used as a sawing tool educated. On the disc-like base body are one on the outer circumference Variety of PCD segments arranged. The number of cutting segments depends on the speed and the feed of the cutting tool.

The PCD segments are again at a negative angle to the Direction of rotation of the tool arranged, the so-called negative Rake angle can be between 0 and 10 °. An angle of 5 ° is preferred. In a preferred embodiment, there is again one in front of the PCD cutting edge Recess arranged, which serves as a chip space. The one behind the cutting edge Arranged so-called deflectors must be coordinated depending on the material, i.e. the length of the deflector edge must be set depending on the material.

In a variant it is provided that this deflector edge is not continuous, for example in Height of the upper cutting edge, but the deflector edge to interrupt a recess that is dimensioned depending on the material. This has the Advantage that the frictional resistance between the face of the saw blade and the Material is reduced.

Preferably the PCD segment is lateral, i.e. left and right on Diameter, chamfered. This has the advantage that the saw blade centers that the PCD segment is not damaged and that the cutting edge is protected. The PCD cutting edges have a flank clearance angle that is between 0 and 2 ° is.

In a development of the invention it is provided that the radially inward outer PCD cutting edges several additional PCD cutting edges on the side flanks of the saw blade are arranged. These so-called clearing teeth provide for free-running saw blade in the material, so that a clamping of the saw blade in the Material is avoided.

Figur 1:

eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemässes Fräswerkzeug;

Figur 2:

einen Schnitt durch das Werkzeug in Figur 1;

Figur 3:

eine vergrösserte Ansicht des Details "x" aus Figur 1;

Figur 4:

eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemässen Sägewerkzeugs;

Figur 5:

eine Stirnansicht einer erfindungsgemässen Säge;

Figur 6:

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt auf das PKD-Segment (Detail "x");

Figur 7:

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt auf das PKD-Segment mit radial innenliegend angeordnetem Räumzahn (Detail "y");

Figur 8:

eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemässes Fräswerkzeug mit stumpf aufgelöteten PKD-segmenten;

Figur 9:

Eine seitliche Ansicht des Fräskopfs aus Figur 8.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of several exemplary embodiments with reference to drawings. Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the drawings and their description. The drawing figures show:

Figure 1:

a plan view of a milling tool according to the invention;

Figure 2:

a section through the tool in Figure 1;

Figure 3:

an enlarged view of the detail "x" from Figure 1;

Figure 4:

a side view of a sawing tool according to the invention;

Figure 5:

an end view of a saw according to the invention;

Figure 6:

an enlarged section of the PCD segment (detail "x");

Figure 7:

an enlarged section of the PCD segment with a broaching tooth arranged radially on the inside (detail "y");

Figure 8:

a plan view of a milling tool according to the invention with butt-soldered PCD segments;

Figure 9:

A side view of the milling head from Figure 8.

Figures 1 to 3 show an embodiment of the tool as Milling tool. In this embodiment, the milling tool is as so-called mushroom head milling cutter, which has a base body 1, which is provided on its surface with a plurality of plate seat grooves 3, which run outward in a star shape from the center of the milling cutter. In these Insert seats 3 are now the PCD segments 4 according to the invention individually or arranged in pairs and preferably by soldering in these grooves 3 attached.

Seen in the direction of rotation 9, so-called chip spaces 2 are located in front of the grooves 3 arranged, also over the length of the grooves 3 from the center of the The tool runs outwards in a star shape. In these chip spaces 2 can Cooling channel bores 7 can be arranged, through which cooling liquid if necessary emerges and reaches the area to be processed.

As can be seen in particular in FIG. 3, the PCD segments 4 consist of a hard metal body 5, which in the direction of rotation of the tool with PCD material 6 is coated. The outer PCD segments are shown in FIG. 3, in front of which seen in the direction of rotation 9, again a chip space 10 is arranged is.

The PCD segments 4 are all at a negative rake angle 12 with respect to the Direction of rotation 9 arranged, the rake angle is preferably 5 °.

The milling head 1 has a receptacle 8, by means of which it is attached to a Drive motor is attached.

In the outer area of the milling head 1 there are shortened receiving grooves 3 with PCD segments arranged, these grooves and the associated chip spaces 2 in a negative axis angle between 0 ° and 10 ° to the direction of rotation 9. This causes the debris to be expelled by the centrifugal force is dissipated.

Figures 4 to 7 show a further embodiment of the tool as Sawing tool. This has a base body 13 which in a known manner flat saw blade is formed with a central receptacle 14.

The base body 13 carries a plurality of PCD segments on its outer circumference 16, viewed in the direction of rotation 22, in front of these PCD segments 16 again chip spaces 15 are provided.

In a known manner, the saw blade has so-called cutting edges Voltage compensation holes 17 on (Figures 6 and 7), which have a slot 18 are connected to the chip spaces 15. As can be clearly seen in Figure 4, are seen in the direction of rotation 22 behind the PCD segments 16 in the amount of Outside edge of these segments so-called deflector 20 is provided, which in limit the penetration depth of the cutting edges 16 into the material in a known manner.

As FIG. 7 shows, the PCD segments 16 are again in relation to the Direction of rotation 22 arranged at a negative rake angle of preferably 5 °.

FIG. 4 and in particular the detail section according to FIG. 7 also shows that radially inward of the outer PCD segments 16 distributed over the circumference of the Base body 13 several other PCD segments 19 in the same orientation the side flanks of the base body 13 are arranged. These PKD segments 19 serve as so-called clearing teeth, which cover the cutting area of the Keep the saw tool free.

FIGS. 8 and 9 finally show a further embodiment of a Milling tool according to the invention.

Here, a milling head 23, which is designed as a mushroom head milling cutter, PCD residues 24 butt-soldered. The milling head 23 otherwise has a essentially smooth surface, and in particular has no chip spaces. about a receptacle 24, the milling head 23 is attached to a motor.

This milling head 23 has the particular advantage that in this way butt soldering of PCD residues 25 very quickly and very easily its cutting action can produce very good milling tools.

drawing Legend

1

milling head

2

chip space

3

Insert seat groove

4

PCD segment (cutting edge)

5

Carbide substrate

6

PCD material

7

Cooling channel bore (optional)

8th

admission

9

direction of rotation

10

chip space

11

Axis angle

12

rake angle

13

body

14

admission

15

chip space

16

PCD segment (cutting edge)

17

Voltage compensating bore

18

slot

19

PCD segment (clearing tooth)

20

deflector

21

rake angle

22

direction of rotation

23

milling head

24

admission

25

PCD rest (splitter)

Claims (17)

1. A milling tool for machining of stone and stone-like materials, which is provided with cutting edges of PKD (= polykristalliner Diamant - polycrystalline diamond) segments (4) and chip clearances, characterised in that it comprises a milling head (1) with a plurality of plate seat grooves (3) extending approximately in a star pattern from the centre outwards, in which the cutting edges of PKD segments (4) are arranged individually or as several units, with the PKD segments/cutting edges (4) being arranged under a negative working angle (12) relative to the direction of rotation of the milling tool, and chip clearances (2) being arranged in the milling head (1) under a negative axial angle upstream of the PKD segments /cutting edges (4), when viewed in the direction of rotation.
2. The milling tool according to Claim 1, characterised in that the negative axial angle (11) ranges from 0° to approx. 10°.
3. The milling tool according to Claim 1, characterised in that the negative working angle (12) ranges from 0° to approx. 10°.
4. The milling tool according to Claim 1, characterised in that the PKD segments/cutting edges (4) are fastened to the milling head (1) by brazing or screwing and preferably have a rectangular shape when viewed from above.
5. The milling tool according to Claim 1, characterised in that the chip clearances (2) extend along the length of the grooves (3).
6. The milling tool according to Claim 1, characterised in that in its outer area shortened receiving grooves (3) with PKD segments/cutting edges (4) are arranged, with these grooves and the associated chip clearances extending under a negative axial angle between 0° and 10° relative to the direction of rotation.
7. The milling tool according to Claim 1, characterised in that it is dynamically balanced.
8. The milling tool according to Claim 1, characterised in that cooling channel holes (7) are arranged in the chip clearances (2).
9. The milling tool according to Claim 1, characterised in that the milling head (1) comprises a bracket (8) for attachment on a drive motor.
10. A sawing tool for machining of stone and stone-like materials, which is provided with cutting edges of PKD segments (16), characterised in that the segments are arranged under a negative angle (21) relative to the direction of rotation of the tool, with the sawing tool consisting of a disk-type main body (13) at whose outer circumference a plurality of PKD segments/cutting edges (16) is arranged.
11. The sawing tool according to Claim 10, characterised in that chip clearances (15) are arranged upstream of the PKD segments/cutting edges (16) when viewed in the direction of rotation.
12. The sawing tool according to Claim 10, characterised in that so-called deflectors (20) are arranged downstream of the PKD segments/cutting edges (16) when viewed in the direction of rotation.
13. The sawing tool according to Claim 12, characterised in that deflector edge is interrupted by a recess which is dimensioned depending on the material.
14. The sawing tool according to one of Claims 10 to 13, characterised in that the PKD segments/cutting edges (16) are laterally chamfered.
15. The sawing tool according to one of Claims 10 to 14, characterised in that radially inward of the outer PKD segments/cutting edges (16) several additional PKD segments/cutting edges (19) are arranged as broaching teeth at the lateral flanks of the main body (13).
16. The sawing tool according to Claim 15, characterised in that the PKD segments/cutting edges (16) comprise a flank clearance angle which ranges from 0° to 2°.
17. Application of a milling tool according to one of Claims 1 to 9 or a sawing tool according to one of Claims 10 to 16 for dry machining of stone or stone-like materials.

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