EP1003403B1 - Shaped bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

The body (1) can be altered in shape in one or more directions. Shape and/or position of the body are varied by exerting variable tension or pressure on it via one or more actuating components (5), each of which can be joined to it. The component can be flexible but virtually non-elastic in the linear direction. It can be formed by a rope, and there can be several components acting on the body in different directions.

Description

The invention relates to moldings that can be used in many fields of technology, for. B. they can be used on backrests of seating furniture, e.g. B. the backrest curvature to be able to adapt individually to the people sitting on the seating furniture.

From DE 33 24 655 Al a seat with intervertebral disc support is known which one on the Backrest upholstery has adjustable spring plate, the spring plate has different bending stiffness in the upper and lower area.

From WO 94/08492 an adjustable back support with a shield is known by means of an upper and a lower clamping element, which are individually adjustable, is adjustable.

The moldings are also under construction for supporting various molded components, in assemblies as supports for securing in the area of packaging for Prevention of damage to goods in medical technology such. B. in couches, use orthopedic shoes, etc. and wherever certain types of space should be changeable for optical, technical, medical reasons, e.g. Belly adjustable supports.

The object of the invention is three-dimensional molded articles with integrated curvature to indicate that in a simple and easy manner deviates from the original form can take different spatial forms and / or are adaptable, e.g. to also to be able to offer sufficient support functions.

This object is achieved by a shaped body containing at least one shaped body (1), its unloaded three-dimensional shape with at least one one-sided, integrated curvature and by means of at least one along the curvature with the molded body (1) related flexible active element (5) using a variable Pressure and / or tensile force on the flexible active element (5) can be shifted and / or entirely or partly by shifting itself into another three-dimensional volume shape is transformable, solved.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

The invention allows a molded body, the unloaded three-dimensional Eigenform at least one integrated bulge, e.g. any triangular Cross-sectional shape has by applying force in one molded body with another Transform your own shape in whole or in part, whereby the effort and thus the spatial transformation can take place continuously or step by step. The maximal Deformation is achieved with the maximum permissible force, when the Applying force reduces the deformation until the load is completely relieved original shape is reached again.

A wire, a tape, a strand, a belt, or a web can be used as the active element braided synthetic or natural fibers or metal threads, a round or profile rod Plastic or metal, a sheet metal strip or the like can be used, only one sufficient flexible flexibility and sufficient for the forces to be applied Resistance is given at least in the direction of attack and transmission of a force have to be. It is also possible e.g. B. a tension or compression element in the tension or compression direction with different elasticities, e.g. B. using spring elements, for example for damping and / or to subdivide it, with a between the parts any suitable device for applying forces to the active elements can be included.

The shape-changeable molded body can, for. B. a one-part or multi-part spatial body be suitable to absorb supporting forces on the one hand and to apply them to the active elements transferred or vice versa. It can be made of a plastic, especially a foamed one Plastic, be designed as a cushion body and also non-deformable parts contain. The molded body can in turn consist of individual elements that form molded bodies exist, which in turn individually or too several can be arranged together movable or fixed against each other. in which also the arrangement on a holder or carrier or with a flexible cover or is possible in a flexible envelope, the latter also being elastic. The deformable parts of the molded body can also on or on a fixed part. e.g. B. a core of wood. Metal or plastic can be arranged or from a plurality fixed parts movable against each other. As a holder or carrier z. B. serve backrests, seats. Beach chairs, optical and other advertising material. Backdrops, Camouflage devices. Tools, tool fixtures. Support structures and All kinds of frames, a mattress part, a bed frame, a packaging container or a Containers, shoes and much more. A molded body can also consist of individual solid Segments exist that are loosely next to each other or articulated with an active element, a carrier, holder or the like are connected. The latter can also be integrally z. B. from be made of a plastic.

Any device can be used to change the forces to be applied, which is able to apply a force by means of the active elements to the molded body or bodies to exercise, the active elements being both relaxed and tense can. An arrangement is also possible which allows one or the other Shaped body to exert pressure. The device can be mechanical or motorized be powered and directly or remotely controlled, e.g. B. by means of a Bowden cable or a linkage or pneumatically, hydraulically, electrically or by radio.

The connection between the shaped bodies and the active element (s) can be any way, e.g. B. done by gluing, welding, riveting, etc. in individual cases only by friction, if z. B. the molded body in a closed shell is arranged.

Fig. 1

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines formveränderbaren Formkörpers in drei Positionen in schematischer Darstellung;

Fig. 2

einen Ausschnitt einer Lehne mit einem formveränderbaren Formkörper im Querschnitt;

Fig. 3

eine andere Lehne mit einem formveränderbaren Formkörper im Querschnitt;

Fig. 4

zwei weitere Ausführungen von Lehnen als Einbaumodul und als loses Kissen im Querschnitt.

Fig. 5

einen Schuh mit einem formveränderbaren Formkörper im Querschnitt:

Fig. 6

eine Matratze mit zwei formveränderbaren Formkörpern im Querschnitt:

Fig. 7

ein Bett mit drei formveränderbaren Formkörpern im Querschnitt:

Fig. 8

einen Längs- (A) und zwei Querschnitte (B, C) einer Sitzlehne mit einem sich in Längs-. Hoch- und Querrichtung erstreckendem Formkörper. an dem Wirkelemente in Hoch- als auch in Querrichtung angreifen:

Fig. 9

einen Transportbehälter mit zwei darin angeordneten veränderbaren Formkörpern zum Stabilisieren verschiedenster Transportgüter;

Fig. 10

einen Formkörper, an dem an zwei ortsversetzten Stellen zur Verlagerung und Änderung der Form und des Scheitelpunktes Wirkelemente angreifen;

Fig. 11

einen in Längsrichtung dehnbaren und in Querrichtung steifen und druckfesten Formkörper;

Fig. 12

einen Formkörper mit beabstandeten Segmenten, dessen Körperform und Volumen veränderbar ist;

Fig. 13

eine zweite Ausführungsform eines beabstandete Segmente aufweisenden Formkörpers;

Fig. 14

eine dritte Ausführungsform eines beabstandete Segmente aufweisenden Formkörpers, dessen Körperform und Volumen veränderbar sind;

Fig. 15

einen Formkörper aus in einer Hülle aneinander anliegend angeordneter Segmente;

Fig. 16

Formkörper mit fischgrätenartig angeordneten Segmenten, dessen Körperformen und Volumina veränderbar sind;

Fig. 17

eine vierte Ausführungsform eines beabstandete Segmente aufweisenden Formkörpers, dessen Körperform und Volumen veränderbar sind:

Fig. 18

eine fünfte Ausführungsform eines beabstandete Segmente aufweisenden Formkörpers, dessen Körperform und Volumen veränderbar sind.

The essence of the invention is explained in more detail below and on the basis of exemplary embodiments. It shows:

Fig. 1

an embodiment of a shape-changing molded body in three positions in a schematic representation;

Fig. 2

a section of a backrest with a shape-changing molded body in cross section;

Fig. 3

another backrest with a shape-changing shaped body in cross section;

Fig. 4

two other versions of backrests as a built-in module and as a loose cushion in cross-section.

Fig. 5

a shoe with a shape-changing shaped body in cross section:

Fig. 6

a mattress with two shape-changing shaped bodies in cross section:

Fig. 7

a bed with three shape-changing shaped bodies in cross-section:

Fig. 8

one longitudinal (A) and two cross sections (B, C) of a seat back with one in longitudinal. Shaped body extending vertically and transversely. attack the active elements in the vertical and transverse directions:

Fig. 9

a transport container with two changeable moldings arranged therein for stabilizing a wide variety of goods to be transported;

Fig. 10

a molded body, on which act on two displaced locations for shifting and changing the shape and the apex active elements;

Fig. 11

a longitudinally stretchable and transversely rigid and pressure-resistant molded body;

Fig. 12

a molded body with spaced segments, the body shape and volume is variable;

Fig. 13

a second embodiment of a shaped body having spaced segments;

Fig. 14

a third embodiment of a shaped body having spaced segments, the body shape and volume of which can be changed;

Fig. 15

a molded body made of segments arranged in an envelope lying against one another;

Fig. 16

Shaped body with herringbone-like segments, whose body shapes and volumes can be changed;

Fig. 17

a fourth embodiment of a shaped body having spaced segments, the body shape and volume of which can be changed:

Fig. 18

a fifth embodiment of a shaped body having spaced segments, the body shape and volume of which can be changed.

In Fig. Is a basic principle of the invention based on a shape-changeable Shaped body 1 shown in three different shapes. The molded body 1 is in Fig. 1A in the rest position, d. H. represented in its intrinsic form, which in the exemplary embodiment consists of a flat base area 2 and a curvature 3 consists. which is symmetrical in cross section in the exemplary embodiment as rounded isosceles triangle is designed but can also be asymmetrical. Along the Curvature 3 is by means of a connecting means 4 which, for. B. an elastic adhesive can be. any active element 5, z. B. in the form of a flexible drawstring 6 attached. The shape-changeable and elastic molded body is longitudinal (in 1A from top to bottom) designed slightly stretchy, whereas it in the transverse direction is almost pressure-resistant. If a tensile force is applied to the tension band 6 at one end, then the other end lying behind the molded body 1 is fixed in position, or a tensile force is applied at both ends (see the arrows in FIG. 1B) begins to stretch the drawstring 6 and press the molded body 1 elastically deforming it before it reaches the end position shown in FIG. 1C. in which the molded body 1 a has a mirror-symmetrical shape to the starting position, d. H. the curvature is 3 ' then facing the opposite side to the starting position. Will the Slowly or spontaneously reduced tensile forces and ultimately released, he goes Shaped body 1 under its inherent tension / elasticity from that shown in Fig. I C Form back into the starting form shown in Fig. 1A. By adjusting the pulling force from zero to a value. in which the drawstring 6 is completely stretched. anyone can any position. d. H. Curvature of the molded body 1 between the two Starting positions can be set.

The embodiment shown in two positions in FIG. 2 shows a seat back with a support structure 7 z. B. in the form of a bowl. which is a trough-like Bulge 8 has. An active element 5 is in shape above the bulge 8 attached a tension belt 9, which is designed so that it relaxes in the bulge 8th can concern. There is a device in the end region or below the bulge 8 10 with which forces can be transmitted to the tension belt 9. on the shell attached. The device 10 can, for. B. a winder for a drawstring 6 or a tension belt 9 or a rope or a strip of cloth. Inside the shell a molded body 1 is arranged in the form of a back support, the back support has a curvature 3 which corresponds to the shape of the bulge 8 or vice versa. In particular, the parts of the back support without bulge, which are in the upper and lower part are located outside the bulge 8 of the shell be detachable or fixed. A detachable connection is e.g. B. by Velcro or push buttons realizable. A conceivable attachment of the tension belt 9 in the area the bulge 3 is not necessary here, since the molded body 1 There is frictional contact. In the original form inherent in the back support the curvature 3 in the bulge 8 of the shell, as well as the tension belt 9. Should now an individual adaptation of the shaped body 1 serving as a lumbar support to the Concrete form of a person who uses the backrest, the tension belt 9 through the device 10 rolled up in the form of a take-up device, whereby it itself spans and the linear extended position shown in the final stage in Fig. 2B occupies. When rolling up, the curvature 3 is continuously from the bulge 8 led out and shifted outwards until the molded body 1 in the final stage the in Fig. 2B shown now occupies outward curvature 3 '. Is by means of Unwinding the tension belt 9 unrolled again, the curvature of the Back support due to its own elasticity or through the force of a covering etc. back to the original default shape and position. By a lock, not shown, or a self-locking tensioning device can the winding and thus the tensile force applied to the tension belt 9 in each any position can be locked so that the individual adjustment is held can be.

A simple embodiment, not shown, consists of a shaped body such as it is described in Fig. 1, the curvature with a serving as an active element z. B. is connected from a fabric. The upper free end of the fabric is fixed z. B. on a cross strut and below the molded body is a winder fixed in position with which the winding and unwinding of the fabric and thus its tightening and thus the shape of the molded body is also possible.

The backrest shown in Fig. 3 with headrest consists of a support structure 7 'in Form of a foamed rigid back part on the one in the upper area Headrest is arranged and which has a cavity 11 which u. a. to record the shape-changeable molded body 1 is used. Here is the device 10 for Applying forces self-locking and with a Bowden cable arrangement 12 connected, part of the cable 13 with the curvature 3 of the molded body 1 connected is. The cable 13 is guided around two deflection points 14, 14 '. The Bowden cable arrangement 12 can be used with any device 10 for application of forces, here to shorten and lengthen the cable 13 by which the Desired change in shape of the molded body 1, as described above, causes will be provided. The side on which a user leans is the most stable Back part a flexible covering the cavity 11 and the molded body 1 Cover 15 arranged, which can also serve as padding and for cushioning and lies loosely on the molded body 1 or can also be connected to it.

Another embodiment variant is that either on the top or on the lower end or at both ends the drawstrings or straps on the holder redirected and led to the back. Through the two deflection points 14. 14 ', it is possible for the device 10 to apply the active forces in the rear Area d. H. can also be arranged hidden. Preferably, the redirection increased friction through appropriate measures. such as B. arranged on axes Rollers are reduced. Becomes as shown in Fig. 3 above and below redirected, there is also the possibility of observing the respectively set changed shape of the molded body 1, to move this up and down. This can e.g. B. in that one of the deflection points 14 or 14 'for the cable 13 as Pivot bearing (not shown) is designed. e.g. B. using a rotatable Rifle. around which the cable 13, optionally with a full loop, guided is. By turning the socket, if necessary using suitable aids, the Up and down adjustment of the molded body 1 take place, the arrangement of the Device 10 for applying the forces must not hinder this movement. The Device 10 for applying forces can itself move up and down be arranged. so that by moving up and down the desired one Height adjustment is feasible.

4 shows two exemplary embodiments of a backrest. The in Fig. 4A The illustrated embodiment represents an independent module that, for. B. as a whole locked in a seat frame without tools z. B. can be hung. The in Fig. 4B is designed as a mobile transportable backrest. The Shaped body 1 of the backrests correspond to the above in shape and function Shaped bodies described, so that only deviations is pointed out. In both examples there is also an active element 5 in the form of a Traction element 6 is provided, which at the upper end of a hook-shaped here upper end 16 (Fig. 4A) is attached. The hook-shaped end 16 is z. B. attachable to a crossbar 17, the z. B. to a seat frame (support structure 7) heard. The lower end of the tension element 6 is with the device 10 for Applying forces in conjunction with a winder Eccentric can be designed. By an eccentric the adjustment characteristic z. B. varies only quickly with small force and then slowly with increasing force become. The hook-shaped end 16 can be connected to a rear wall 7 'or be designed in one piece with it. At the lower end of the rear wall 7 'or Seat frames are arranged hooks 18, clips, eyelets or the like, with the help of which the Module on the seat frame. preferably without tools. can be attached. The module can have any support structure without a rear wall.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4B, a closed, at least but U-shaped, frame 19 with rear wall 7 'and with a stand 20, z. B. a runner or the like. The frame 19 can also be designed as a shell, in which a bulge 8 is integrated. At the upper end, the active element is 5. B. a fabric web, attached to a holding rod 21, which in a tube 22 with a gap 23rd for inserting the fabric in the frame 19 can be inserted. The active element 5 can also consist of several tension belts arranged side by side. being their Attachment z. B. on a winder to different Axle stub having outer diameter can be done so that at a Rotation of the common axis of the tension belts with different Speed can be wound up, which also has some influence in the transverse direction on the molded body 1, for. B. a side hold allowed to exercise. It is also possible to provide several winding devices, individually or in any Interconnection can be operated. Of course, active elements can also be used in Attack in the transverse direction to influence the backrest cross-section.

It goes without saying that in all the embodiments described Device 10 for applying forces such. B winding or Tensioning devices, also at the upper end of the backrest: can be and that the actuation is also spaced, e.g. B. can be done by a Bowden cable arrangement. Also a motorized drive that is electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically driven can be used. The winding or tensioning device can be made using Screws, threads, eccentrics etc. also have self-locking properties, the one with an adjustment by means of a handwheel or a lever Locking in any desired position automatically guaranteed, without having to actuating locks or releasable locking devices must be used.

Fig. 5 shows a shoe with orthopedic support by means of a shape-changeable Shaped body 1. Here, the position of the active element 5 z. B. in the form of a Tensioning rope 24 through a switchable and lockable reel device 25 (FIG. 5B) or a Bowden cable arrangement with screw 26. The molded body 1 is covered by a flexible sole 27.

In Fig. 6 a mattress is shown, the two in the longitudinal direction changeable Shaped body 1 and 1 ', one in the head area and one in the pelvic area. Here, frame elements are provided on which the active elements 5 and / or Devices 10 for applying forces are attachable. where appropriate Deflections and supports can be provided. The mattress also points a body z. B. a foamed body in which the bulges 8.8 ' and / or free spaces are provided for the molded bodies 1 and 1 ', and one closed cover 15.

Fig. 7 shows an application of the invention within a bed frame, wherein in In the longitudinal direction, three shape-changeable molded bodies 1, 1 ', 1 "are provided and one similar effect to a slatted frame.

Fig. 8 shows a vertical section through a seat back (Fig. 8A), in which a Vertical and transverse direction of moldable body 1 is shown. that too transverse active elements 5 in the form of drawstrings 6 ', 6 "are assigned to to achieve a change in shape also over the cross section (see Fig. 8B and C). in which in the transverse direction also only one active element or other such active elements can be provided.

Fig. 9 shows a cross section through a packaging container 28 with two Boomerang-like changeable moldings 1, 1 ', the wings of each Adjacent walls of the packaging container 28 (own shape). To the other Surfaces of the shaped bodies 1, 1 ′ that abut the walls are effective elements 5 Drawstrings 6, 6 'arranged at one end near one of the corners 29. 29' (Fig. 9A) of the packaging container 28, in which the two molded bodies 1 and 1 ' encounter, fastened and at the other end in a self-locking tensioning or Winding device are introduced as a device 10 for applying forces. In one or both shaped bodies 1, 1 'can have incisions 30 and / or wedge-shaped Columns are provided, which allow better adaptation of the changeable molded bodies 1, 1 ' to the respective forms of goods to be transported 31 or a Make shape change easier. In Fig. 9B, the transportation lock is by means of Shapeable body 1, 1 'shown on three different goods 31. It goes without saying that for certain purposes the use of only one or a larger number of moldings 1 for any shape Packaging container 28 is possible. Even the initial form of the changeable Shaped body 1, 1 'can be adapted to any packaging goods 31 in advance.

The majority of the exemplary embodiments described so far take place the change of a given changeable shaped body only up to its negative or mirror image form, d. H. the change in shape is practically one Self-shift. In the following, examples are given in which one additional change or additional changes due to overlapping Force (s) is or are provided.

In Fig. 10, the action of forces at two spaced locations 32 and 33 is Active element 5 shown, which is connected to a molded body 1, whereby in Embodiment a vertex displacement of a curvature 3 from S1 to S2 and back, depending on the given initial form, is possible, with the two spaced points 32 and 33 in any combination tensile forces, if necessary also pressure forces, applied to the active element 5 with different intensities or can be dismantled. This is a wide variation in the change of Shaped body 1 given by changing the position and / or the number of Attack points 32, 33 can be varied further. It is also possible to add more To provide active elements 5 that transmit forces in any other directions enable so that the molded body 1 are subjected to further deformations can, with other main and side effects such. B. vibration and / or Massage movements can be achieved.

In Fig. 11 is a molded body 34 in the form of a resilient in the longitudinal direction Body shown. who stiffen in the transverse direction. in approximately parallel folds increasing and then decreasing pleat height is designed, d. H. he points in his Starting form a linear base 2 and a curvature 3. In which The illustrated embodiment is the active element assigned to the molded body 34 5, a drawstring 6, around two deflection points 14, 14 ', the two ends 6a and 6b of the drawstring 6 (see FIGS. 11C and D) over a distance between the ends 6a and 6b adjustable device 35 are interconnected. In addition is one of the deflection points 14 or 14 'is adjustable in relation to the other arranged. Are the two deflection points 14, 14 ', as shown in Fig. 11A, so close to each other as possible, the tension band 6 is relaxed and the molded body 34 lies in its predefined initial state. Here, the respective end fold on Active element 5 can be anchored. By changing the distance in the sense of a Distance of the deflection points 14, 14 'from each other, for. B. by shifting the axis a deflection roller forming the deflection point, the active element 5 and stretches the molded body 34 and also displaces it. The change can be additional or also done solely by the fact that, as described above, the distance between the Band ends 6a and 6b is adjusted. Two possible variants are shown in FIG. 11C and FIG. 11D, both of which are an adjustment mechanism with a Bowden cable arrangement exhibit. If one of the two pulleys is rotated around its own axis, one becomes Displacement of the apex of the opposite curvature 3 'causes.

FIG. 12 shows a further variant of a device for changing a Shaped body and additional displacement of the vertex of the relocated Curvature 3 'of a shaped body 36 is shown. Here, the molded body 36 consists of Segments 37 that are spaced apart on any flexible support 38 are hinged, their other ends also hinged to a flexible Active element 5 are attached. Here, the segments 37 are at an angle to Arranged horizontally. In the illustrated embodiment, the heights of the individual segments 37 selected for horizontal so that their vertices one Bow, d. H. describe a curvature 3. If the active element 5 at one end is fixed and a pull is exerted on the other end until it is complete is stretched, not only is a curvature 3 'achieved in the opposite direction, but also a vertex shift caused by the angular position and the Relocation of the active element 5 from the bulge 8 in the extended position conditionally (see Fig. 12B). If you change the arrangement of the fixed point and the direction of pull in the active element 5 there is an apex shift in the opposite direction Direction (see Fig. 12C).

The embodiment shown in Fig. 13 has a similar structure. how he is described in Fig. 12. however, a molded body 39 is provided here in which symmetrical to the center line, the individual segments 37 'of the right versus those the left side symmetrical but with opposite angles to the horizontal arranged and articulated with the active element 5 and the support 38 are connected. A uniform bulge is achieved in that from both ends on the Active element 5 is applied a uniform train. Will the train of both Applied ends unevenly, a shift of the Show vertices within certain limits.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the molded body 39 'has the shape shown in FIG. 13 described configuration. Here, however, the active element 5 is on both Fixed ends and in the middle between the two segments 37 ' opposite angular arrangement separately and with a device 35 'for Provide distance adjustment of the separated ends. When the ends touch, i. H. the distance becomes zero, the bulged position of the Shaped body 39 reached.

In Fig. 15 an embodiment of a molded body 40 is shown, which consists of individual There are segments 37 "that are freely movable against each other, but against each other supportive form a molded body 40 with a downward curvature 3. Under the shaped body 40 is an active element 5 in a corresponding to the curvature 3 Bulge 8 arranged and over the molded body 40 is a flexible cover 15. In this embodiment, which by the cover 15 and the active element 5th forms an enclosed molded body 40, there is no connection with either Active element 5 still required with the cover 15, since the individual segments 37 " lie against each other and support each other and from below by the active element 5 being held. In this embodiment, the tensile force is preferably applied applied at both ends. 15B is a view of the active element 5 being stretched modified arch element 40 shown, its new curvature 3 'in the starting position points in the opposite direction.

16 shows an embodiment of a molded body 41 in which the Individual segments 37 '' 'are arranged in a herringbone manner and the active element 5 in each case hingedly connected to them between the upper and lower segments 37 ″, optionally also with 'longitudinal slip'. The free ends of the segments 37 "'are articulated in a flexible sleeve 42 which surrounds the molded body 41. Is on the active element 5, which is fixed at one end to the last pair of segments is connected in an articulated manner with slip, a force is applied, the molded body 41, the in the rest position s. 16A and C is extremely flat in a balloon shape Body s. 16B and D transform. If there is no bulge or no free space is present and the molded body 41 on a. e.g. B. flat, surface is arranged and If a tensile force is applied on one side, the molded body 41 experiences from that in FIG. 16C shown starting position a maximum balloon-like shape change, as in 16D is shown. Here, the active element 5 does not form a straight line, but rather a straight line Curve.

17 and 18 are embodiments of a shape-changeable molded body 43 shown, the z. B. on one level or arbitrarily designed vaulted surfaces work, d. H. without a real bulge into which the Shaped body is inserted or originally arranged. 17 is a plate 44 shown, on which the shaped body 43 is arranged, which is at a distance from one another on the plate 44 articulated segments 37 of different heights, whose free ends are articulated to an active element 5, and on the if necessary, a cover 15 can be arranged. In the one shown in Fig. 17A In the rest position, the molded body 43 assumes its flattest shape, i. H. his Starting position. With a tensile force applied to the active element 5 in the direction of 17B, the segments 37 line up and the molded body 43 becomes arched If the segments 37 are perpendicular with respect to the plate 44, the Curvature the maximum vertex height. If the Vertex height must have a return force, e.g. B. in the form of a spring or thrust force, be provided for pivoting the segments 37.

The embodiment of a shaped body 45 shown in FIG. 18 is similar to that in FIG Fig. 17 constructed. Here the segments 37 are articulated on one preferably bending-resistant active agent 50 as active element 5 at a distance from one another attached instead of directly on the plate 44 as in the embodiment of FIG. 17. Here the plate 44 serves as a support and / or guide for the active element 5 z. Legs Drawbar 46. The free ends of the segments 37 are here on a cover 15 articulated attached. When a tensile force is applied in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 20B is, the segments 37 are erected and it is formed according to their Length dimensions and their arrangement a curved shaped body. In the case of Use of a dimensionally stable active element 5 can during a further movement of the Active element 5 again weakened the curvature achieved in one position be where the segments 37 abut each other only in opposite directions Direction to the position shown in Fig. 18A. If the cover 15 a Has inherent elasticity, d. H. can exert a force on the segments 37 can Active element 5 also consist of any flexible tensile material. there then the return of the segments 37 to the starting position by the elasticity and resilience of the cover 15 can be effected, if a possible Self-locking is excluded by suitable measures.

By the embodiments shown in FIGS. 16 to 18, the Carry out a change in shape of a shaped body while increasing its volume.

The individual parts described and also functionally similar parts can be found in any combination can be used for the production of moldings, such as also the individual moldings described to form any units with one another can be combined.

Claims (32)

1. Shaped article containing at least one shaped article (1), the unloaded three-dimensional inherent volume shape of which, with a one-sided, integrated bulge and by means of at least one flexible active element (5) connected to the shaped article (1) along the bulge, can be displaced and/or completely or partially converted into a different three-dimensional volume shape by being pushed into itself by applying a variable pressure force and/or tensile force to the flexible active element (5).
2. Shaped article according to claim 1, characterised in that one of the other three-dimensional volume shapes of the shaped article (1), into which it can be converted, is its volume shape which is mirror-inverted to the unloaded volume shape.
3. Shaped article according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the active element (5) is designed so as to be flexible and practically unextensible linearly.
4. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the active element (5) is a traction element (6).
5. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that each active element (5) is arranged on at least one supporting structure (7) with the possibility of changing the force effect.
6. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the supporting structure (7) is a frame,
7. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that a plurality of active elements (5) act on the shaped article (1) in different directions.
8. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that a plurality of active elements (5) act on the shaped article (1) at different points.
9. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that at least one active element (5) on the supporting structure (7) undergoes a change of direction.
10. Shaped article according to claim 9, characterised in that the change of direction takes place by means of a rotatable deflection roller.
11. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that it is associated with a bulge (8) or a hollow space (11) into which the shaped article (1) can completely or partially enter when the force applied to one or more active elements (5) is changed, or the shaped article is arranged therein.
12. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the force to be applied of at least one active element (5) can be adjusted progressively.
13. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the force of at least one active element (5) can be adjusted incrementally.
14. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the force to be applied of a plurality of active elements (5) can be adjusted jointly.
15. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the force to be applied of at least one active element (5) can be adjusted in a self-locking manner.
16. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that at least one shaped article (1) contains undeformable parts.
17. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that at least one active element (5) has at least one resilient section.
18. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that at least two shaped articles (1, 1') are connected to one another by connecting elements.
19. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that a plurality of shaped articles (1, 1') can be converted jointly in at least one direction.
20. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterised in that one or more shaped articles can be converted in a time-staggered manner by active elements (5).
21. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterised in that one or more shaped articles can be converted in a location-staggered manner by active elements (5).
22. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterised in that the force to be applied to an active element (5) is directly or indirectly applied mechanically and/or electrically and/or pneumatically and/or hydraulically.
23. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterised in that the shaped article (1) is slightly extensible in the longitudinal direction and is pressure-resistant in the transverse direction.
24. Shaped article according to claim 23, characterised in that the extensibility is promoted by indents (30) in the shaped article.
25. Shaped article according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterised in that the shaped article consists of a plurality of segments (37).
26. Shaped article according to claim 25, characterised in that the segments (37) are designed so as to be stiff in at least one direction.
27. Shaped article according to claim 25 or 26, characterised in that the segments (37) are connected to one another.
28. Shaped article according to one of claims 25 to 27, characterised in that the segments (37) are connected by means of at least one additional part so as to be movable.
29. Shaped article according to claim 28, characterised in that the additional part is an active element (5), a coating (38), a jacket (42) or a plate (44).
30. Shaped article according to one of claims 25 to 29, characterised in that the segments (37) have different dimensions, in particular height dimensions, and are arranged so as to be angularly adjustable.
31. Shaped article according to one of claims 25 to 30, characterised in that the segments (37) consist of at least two parts and are connected to one another so as to be articulated.
32. Shaped article according to one of claims 28 to 31, characterised in that the additional part and the segments are designed as one piece.

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