EP1001213B1 - Corrosion and/or abrasion protection shells for a tube panel and method of fixing - Google Patents

Corrosion and/or abrasion protection shells for a tube panel and method of fixing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1001213B1
EP1001213B1 EP19990402446 EP99402446A EP1001213B1 EP 1001213 B1 EP1001213 B1 EP 1001213B1 EP 19990402446 EP19990402446 EP 19990402446 EP 99402446 A EP99402446 A EP 99402446A EP 1001213 B1 EP1001213 B1 EP 1001213B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gib
tubes
shells
panel
protective
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19990402446
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1001213A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Aubin Edmond Durand
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CNIM Groupe SA
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Constructions Industrielles de la Mediterrane CNIM SA
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Publication of EP1001213A1 publication Critical patent/EP1001213A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/107—Protection of water tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/107—Protection of water tubes
    • F22B37/108—Protection of water tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/04—Supports for linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/002—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using inserts or attachments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05001—Preventing corrosion by using special lining materials or other techniques

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for protection against corrosion and / or abrasion of pipe panel including a superheater a boiler.
  • It also relates to a process for fixing shells protecting at least one wall of the panel of tubes of such a boiler superheater.
  • the superheaters are installed in the boilers of production of superheated steam and more particularly boilers for recovering heat from of the combustion of waste especially industrial. These superheaters are the sensitive organs of boilers because the waste combustion gases contain aggressive products, such as acid hydrochloric acid, sulfur oxides, various salts, etc., which corrode the superheaters.
  • the first is to coat the panel with a tablecloth continuous rammed earth or refractory concrete cast or projected and fixed to the panel by anchoring elements welded to it.
  • this solution known has the disadvantages that metal anchors corrode and the coating of adobe or concrete refractory deteriorates rapidly especially in areas most exposed, requiring repairs which, moreover, are difficult and time-consuming to be carried out on site, since it is necessary to clean the surfaces, reweld the defective anchors and put back in place of rammed earth or refractory concrete, all in one very small space.
  • the second technique is to use parts or prefabricated refractory protective shells, silicon carbide, attached to the walls of the superheater panel with metal elements hooks fixed by welding to the panel.
  • this known solution requires the use of metal fasteners, which are destroyed by corrosion, resulting in therefore the fall of the protective shells and it is so difficult to perform the repairs that are long and expensive.
  • the present invention aims to eliminate the disadvantages above known solutions in proposing a protection device for a panel of superheater of a boiler by shells of protection attached to this panel by elements that do not corrode and that allow perform on-site repairs easily and fast.
  • the device for protection against corrosion and / or abrasion of pipe panel including a superheater a boiler, rigidly connected to each other so spaced apart, including fixed protective shells by fastening elements on at least one of the sides of the panel, following the shape of the latter, is characterized in that each fastening element comprises a key housed removably between two tubes adjacent to a transverse part of connecting the two tubes and having at least a part free end adapted to engage in a housing of the part of the protective shell situated between the two adjacent tubes so as to allow the attachment of the shell and its containment by gravity and / or sealing.
  • the key comprises two parts of free ends on both sides of the panel and able to engage respectively in two two-part housings between the two tubes adjacent respectively of two protective shells so as to fix by hooking them on each side of the panel.
  • the key comprises only one free hanging end portion and has its opposite free end portion comprising two shoulders bearing on the side of the part transverse connection of the two adjacent tubes opposite to the protective shell and on the same side another cross section connecting the two tubes located above the first.
  • the key is plate-shaped extending substantially parallel to the two adjacent tubes and perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane thereof, resting by its lower edge on the part transversal connection of the two adjacent tubes and having its two end portions free to snap respectively comprising two directed attachment beaks upward opposite the lower and diverging edge one of the other.
  • the two hooks of the wedge-shaped wedge plate are arranged symmetrically to the median plane transversal key.
  • the key is also in the form of a plate extending substantially parallel to the two adjacent tubes and perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane thereof, resting by its lower edge on the part transversal connection of the two tubes and having its free hanging end portion comprising a spout directed upward from the bottom edge and its end portion opposite two shoulders forming head of a T.
  • the key is housed in an opening, shaped oblong hole or rectangular window, made parallel to the two adjacent tubes in a fin connecting the two tubes and whose lower edge consitute the transverse bearing portion of the key.
  • the aforementioned housing of the protective shell extends parallel to the two adjacent tubes over a length greater than the height of the end portion hooking the key to allow the introduction of this end part in the housing whose upper part is of conjugate form with the beak hooking the key.
  • the space between the lower part of the housing through the protective shell and the corresponding lower edge of the key is filled by concrete, preferably silicon carbide, in order to seal the shell on the key and prevent its stall.
  • the sides of the two transverse parts of the connecting the two adjacent tubes and on which comes to bear the transverse branch of the T of the key are constituted by the side of the fin of connection of the two adjacent tubes opposite the shell of protection.
  • the wedge key can be inserted through the fin connecting two adjacent tubes by the opposite side to the protective shell.
  • the key with a support head can be introduced through the connecting fin of the two adjacent tubes by the side where will be hung the shell of protection by first engaging the end superior of the transverse branch of the T of the key through the opening of the fin by tilting the key, the upper edge of which is between the branch of the T and the hooking nose is resting on the edge top of the opening and then rotating the key around his fulcrum in a sense allowing passage through the opening of the lower end of the transverse branch of the T having a curved external profile and bringing in support by gravity the key on the bottom edge of the opening of the fin.
  • the key and the protective shells are made made of non-corroding material, in particular ceramic and preferably based on silicon carbide for him also provide good thermal conduction.
  • the key comprises at its lower edge at least one substantially semicircular cut for holding concrete filling the space between key and part lower housing of the protective shell.
  • a putty of flexible refractory material is disposed between the protective shells and the panel of tubes and between the protective shells.
  • the width of the aforementioned opening of each shell of protection is slightly greater than the thickness of the key in the form of a plate.
  • Each protective shell has at its ends upper and lower one tongue and one groove allowing to place the shells one above others by interlocking from the bottom of the panel of tubes to the top of it.
  • each protective shell of the row superior to a reduced height compared to others protective shells of the lower rows and the space left free above this shell is clogged with concrete, preferably carbide-based silicon.
  • the invention also proposes a method for fixing protective shells at least one wall of a panel tubes including a superheater of a boiler, connected to each other by fins of connection, the shells being shaped so as to marry the wall of the panel in the fixing position of these and which is characterized in that it consists of have keys, material not corroding, in particular ceramic, preferably based on carbide silicon providing good thermal conduction, each having at least one free end portion latching respectively in shaped openings oblong hole or rectangular window made through the connecting fins so as to make protruding from these fins, to hang each shell of protection at the latch of the key corresponding to engage in a conjugate housing made in the part of the shell located between two adjacent tubes, so as to successively bottom up, rows of protective shells superimposed held by gravity and / or the corresponding keys.
  • the method also consists of superimposing the shells protection in columns.
  • Figures 1 to 8 represent a first mode of embodiment of the device of the invention allowing attach protective shells to both sides of a flat panel of metal tubes constituting a Boiler superheater, it being understood that this device is not limited to such an application.
  • Panel 1 comprises vertical metal tubes 2 rigidly connected to each other spaced apart by fins 3 welded to the tubes 2 in which can circulating a heat transfer fluid.
  • Shells 4 conforming to the shape of the panel 1 are attached to both sides of it by elements 5 in order to protect against corrosion the panel of tubes.
  • the protective shells 4 are of preferably fixed to the panel 1 in rows and columns, but they can also be staggered without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • each fastening element 5 of two protective shells 4 located opposite one of the other side of the tube panel is constituted by a key better visible in Figure 5, Removably housed in a hole-shaped opening oblong 6 made through a corresponding fin 3 extending parallel to the tubes 2.
  • the width of each opening 6 is slightly greater than the thickness of key 5.
  • the key 5 can have a thickness about 20 mm and a height of about 80 mm, he giving good mechanical strength.
  • Each key 5 further comprises in the lower part two fingerprints or cutouts 5b of semicircular shape, symmetrical to the plane transverse median of the key and intended for maintain a keying concrete as it is will see later.
  • the bottom edge of each key 5 is rounded as shown in FIG. way to fit the conjugate shape of the bottom edge the corresponding opening 6.
  • Each protective shell 4 comprises, in its part intermediate 4a adapting in the space between two adjacent tubes 2 and located between the two parts parallel semi-cylindrical hollow 4b, a housing 7 of the free end portion of the key 5 so as to allow the attachment of the shell 4 to this part end of the key 5 and the maintenance of this shell with the key by gravity pending the setting in place of the keying concrete.
  • Accommodation 7 of each shell 4 is shaped window made through the shell by opening to its outer wall and having its longitudinal axis substantially parallel to the tubes 2.
  • each shell 4 has its upper part 7a, 7b of form conjugated to one of the two hooks 5a of the key 5 and at the upper edge portion 5c of the key extending the ramp portion 5a1 of the spout corresponding hooking 5a.
  • the shell 4 shown in Figures 7 and 8 is the one shown to the left of panel 1 with regard to Figure 1 and is intended to be attached to the latch 5a located to the left of the key 5 shown in FIG. 5.
  • the height h of each housing 7 defined between its lower edge 7c and its parallel top edge 7b extending the ramp upper 7a hooking the shell 4 to the key 5, is greater than the height of the key 5 for allow the keyway to pass through the shell.
  • the wedges 5 and the shells of protection 4 are ceramic carbide-based silicon, allows them to present excellent corrosion resistance while having the property of well drive the heat.
  • Each key 5 is first inserted into its slot 6 by an operator located on one side of the panel 1 and kept in the housing supported by its edge lower on the lower edge of conjugate form of 6. In this way, each key 5 is disposed substantially parallel to the two tubes adjacent 2 and perpendicular to the median plane longitudinal axis of these containing the fin 3, protruding on both sides of the latter. Then, the operator hangs a protective shell 4 at the side of panel 1 by introducing the beaked end portion 5a hooking of the key 5 in the housing 7 of the shell and releasing it so that it rests by gravity on the end of the key.
  • each shell 4 has at its upper part a tongue protruding 4c and at its lower part a groove conjugate 4d.
  • This configuration allows you to stack protective shells 4 by interlocking a tongue top of a shell in a lower groove another shell above the first.
  • each shell 4 of the upper row is of a height lower than the common height of the shells of the lower rows, way to allow the establishment of the shells of the upper row below the ceiling P of the boiler or shells already in place in the case of a repair of the protection.
  • the space between upper part of the shells of the upper row and this ceiling P is filled with a concrete 8a based on silicon carbide.
  • the ceiling P may include semi-hemispherical cavities or cavities P1 and P2 filled with concrete 8a to ensure its retention.
  • a putty made of flexible refractory material 9, such as, for example, Fraxfil, is interposed between the protective shells 4 and the panel of tubes 1 and between the shells 4 of to allow free expansion of the shells.
  • this refractory mastic is a barrier to gas flow against the tubes 2 of the panel of superheater 1.
  • Figure 2 also shows that concrete 10 based on silicon carbide is poured along the vertical space between two shells ends surrounding each last tube 2 of the panel superheater 1.
  • Figures 9 and 10 show a second mode of embodiment of the device of the invention according to which a only wall of the panel 1 of tubes 2 is covered by protective shells 4, identical to those of the first embodiment, and only one of which is represented.
  • the key 10 hanging of a corresponding protective shell 4 is in plate shape with resistance characteristics identical to those of key 5 and presenting in a general T-shape whose leg has at its upper free end a beak hooking 10a of a shell 4 and the branch transverse 10b defines two shoulders e1 and e2.
  • the key 10 is engaged in a opening 6 shaped rectangular window extending parallel to the tubes 2 and rests by its edge lower on the lower edge of conjugate form of the window 6 projecting from the corresponding fin 3 on the side where the shell is to be attached.
  • transverse 10b of the key 10 bears on the side of the fin 3 opposite the side to be protected by the corresponding protective shell 4, so to constitute a stop for holding the key 10 in the opening 6.
  • the key 10 may comprise a semicircular cut (not shown) on board bottom opposite the spout 10a to allow the maintenance of the concrete filling the space between key 10 and the lower part of the opening 7.
  • the key 10 is made of a material resistant to corrosion, especially ceramic and preferably based on silicon carbide, also giving it a good conduction of heat.
  • each protective shell 4 The fixing of each protective shell 4 is carried out by first inserting each key 10 into the opening 6 so that the transverse branch 10b of this one is in support on the corresponding side of the fin 3 and that the key 10 occupies a position substantially parallel to the tubes 2 and perpendicular to this wing. Then the protective shell is placed in front of the free end of the bent leg 10a the key 10 to introduce it into the housing 7 of the shell which is fixed by hooking on the key 10 and maintained by gravity.
  • Figure 10 shows an alternative embodiment of the key 10 which, instead of being introduced by the side of the panel 1 opposite the one where the shells of protection 4 is inserted on the same fixing side of these shells.
  • the transverse branch 10b of the key 10 at one of its ends said lower 10b1 having an arcuate outer profile for allow the introduction of this branch across the opening 6 of the fin 3 as explained now.
  • the key 10 is inclined relative to the fin 3 so as to allow the engagement of the upper end 10b2 of the transverse branch 10b of the key as shown in phantom on the figure 10 which also shows that the upper edge of the key 10 located between the end 10b2 and the beak 10a is supported on the upper edge of the opening 6 to constitute a fulcrum.
  • the key 10 is rotated around this fulcrum clockwise to allow the passage of the arched end 10b1 whose radius allows the rotation and the passage of the lower end 10b1 through the opening 6.
  • the key 10 came down until it rests by its lower edge on the corresponding lower edge of the opening 6.
  • the protective shell 4 is attached to the panel 1 by hooking it to the hooking spigot 10a of the key 10, the weight of this shell allowing the maintenance of this one at the wall of the panel 1. If you want to get a seal of this panel combustion gases, which is the case with combustion chamber, it is possible to provide a sealing box 11, shown in dotted lines in Figure 10, behind each opening 6 arranged in the fins 3.
  • flexible refractory mastic can be also used as in the first mode of realization to allow sealing and free dilation of the shells attached to the side of the panel 1, between them or with respect to this panel.
  • protective shells from the top row of the second embodiment have a height lower than protective shells of the lower rows for allow the assembly of this row, the space between ceiling and upper shells being clogged with silicon carbide-based concrete as in the first embodiment.
  • the fixing device of the invention described above allows mounting of protective shells extremely simple and there is no workpiece unlike to previously known devices. So after a Sandblast the panel of tubes, just install the shells in the manner explained above. In addition, same protective shells can be installed on one or both sides of the panels to be protected since, according to the invention, it is sufficient to change the type key to attach the protective shells to one sides of the panel or both sides of it.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de protection contre la corrosion et/ou l'abrasion d'un panneau de tubes notamment d'un surchauffeur d'une chaudière.The present invention relates to a device for protection against corrosion and / or abrasion of pipe panel including a superheater a boiler.

Elle vise également un procédé de fixation de coquilles de protection à au moins une paroi du panneau de tubes d'un tel surchauffeur de chaudière.It also relates to a process for fixing shells protecting at least one wall of the panel of tubes of such a boiler superheater.

Un tel dispositif et procédé sont décrits dans EP-A-0 854 321.Such a device and method are described in EP-A-0 854 321.

Les surchauffeurs sont installés dans les chaudières de production de vapeur surchauffée et plus particulièrement les chaudières destinées à valoriser la chaleur provenant de la combustion de déchets notamment industriels. Ces surchauffeurs sont les organes sensibles des chaudières du fait que les gaz de combustion des déchets contiennent des produits agressifs, tels que de l'acide chlorhydrique, des oxydes de soufre, des sels divers, etc, qui corrodent les surchauffeurs.The superheaters are installed in the boilers of production of superheated steam and more particularly boilers for recovering heat from of the combustion of waste especially industrial. These superheaters are the sensitive organs of boilers because the waste combustion gases contain aggressive products, such as acid hydrochloric acid, sulfur oxides, various salts, etc., which corrode the superheaters.

Pour limiter une telle corrosion, il est nécessaire de protéger les panneaux du surchauffeur par des revêtements en matériau réfractaire, en général à base de carbure de silicium.To limit such corrosion, it is necessary to protect the panels of the superheater by coatings of refractory material, generally based on carbide silicon.

Il existe actuellement deux techniques de mise en place de revêtements en matériau réfractaire.There are currently two techniques for setting up of refractory material coatings.

La première consiste à revêtir le panneau par une nappe continue d'un pisé ou béton réfractaire coulé ou projeté et fixée au panneau par des éléments d'ancrage métalliques soudés à celui-ci. Cependant, cette solution connue a pour inconvénients que les ancrages métalliques se corrodent et la nappe d'enrobage en pisé ou béton réfractaire se dégrade rapidement surtout dans les zones les plus exposées, ce qui nécessite des réparations importantes qui, de surcroít, sont difficiles et longues à réaliser sur place, puisqu'il y a lieu de nettoyer les surfaces, ressouder les ancrages défectueux et remettre en place du pisé ou béton réfractaire, le tout dans un espace très réduit.The first is to coat the panel with a tablecloth continuous rammed earth or refractory concrete cast or projected and fixed to the panel by anchoring elements welded to it. However, this solution known has the disadvantages that metal anchors corrode and the coating of adobe or concrete refractory deteriorates rapidly especially in areas most exposed, requiring repairs which, moreover, are difficult and time-consuming to be carried out on site, since it is necessary to clean the surfaces, reweld the defective anchors and put back in place of rammed earth or refractory concrete, all in one very small space.

La deuxième technique consiste à utiliser des pièces ou coquilles de protection réfractaires préfabriquées, notamment en carbure de silicium, fixées aux parois du panneau du surchauffeur par des éléments métalliques d'accrochage fixés par soudage au panneau. Cependant, comme pour la première technique, cette solution connue exige l'utilisation d'éléments d'accrochage métalliques, qui se détruisent par corrosion, entraínant par conséquent la chute des coquilles de protection et il est alors difficile d'effectuer les réparations qui sont longues et coûteuses.The second technique is to use parts or prefabricated refractory protective shells, silicon carbide, attached to the walls of the superheater panel with metal elements hooks fixed by welding to the panel. However, as for the first technique, this known solution requires the use of metal fasteners, which are destroyed by corrosion, resulting in therefore the fall of the protective shells and it is so difficult to perform the repairs that are long and expensive.

La présente invention a pour but d'éliminer les inconvénients ci-dessus des solutions connues en proposant un dispositif de protection d'un panneau de surchauffeur d'une chaudière par des coquilles de protection fixées à ce panneau par des éléments d'accrochage ne se corrodant pas et qui permettent d'effectuer des réparations sur place de façon aisée et rapide.The present invention aims to eliminate the disadvantages above known solutions in proposing a protection device for a panel of superheater of a boiler by shells of protection attached to this panel by elements that do not corrode and that allow perform on-site repairs easily and fast.

A cet effet, selon l'invention, le dispositif de protection contre la corrosion et/ou l'abrasion d'un panneau de tubes notamment d'un surchauffeur d'une chaudière, reliés rigidement les uns aux autres de façon espacée, comprenant des coquilles de protection fixées par des éléments d'accrochage sur au moins l'un des côtés du panneau en épousant la forme de celui-ci, est caractérisé en ce que chaque élément d'accrochage comprend une clavette logée amoviblement entre deux tubes adjacents en appui sur une partie transversale de raccordement des deux tubes et ayant au moins une partie d'extrémité libre apte à s'engager dans un logement de la partie de la coquille de protection située entre les deux tubes adjacents de façon à permettre l'accrochage de la coquille et la retenue de celle-ci par gravité et/ou scellement.For this purpose, according to the invention, the device for protection against corrosion and / or abrasion of pipe panel including a superheater a boiler, rigidly connected to each other so spaced apart, including fixed protective shells by fastening elements on at least one of the sides of the panel, following the shape of the latter, is characterized in that each fastening element comprises a key housed removably between two tubes adjacent to a transverse part of connecting the two tubes and having at least a part free end adapted to engage in a housing of the part of the protective shell situated between the two adjacent tubes so as to allow the attachment of the shell and its containment by gravity and / or sealing.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la clavette comprend deux parties d'extrémités libres situées aux deux côtés du panneau et aptes à s'engager respectivement dans deux logements de deux parties situées entre les deux tubes adjacents respectivement de deux coquilles de protection de façon à fixer par accrochage celles-ci de chaque côté du panneau.According to one embodiment, the key comprises two parts of free ends on both sides of the panel and able to engage respectively in two two-part housings between the two tubes adjacent respectively of two protective shells so as to fix by hooking them on each side of the panel.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la clavette comprend une seule partie d'extrémité libre d'accrochage et a sa partie d'extrémité libre opposée comprenant deux épaulements venant en appui sur le côté de la partie transversale de raccordement des deux tubes adjacents opposé à la coquille de protection et sur le même côté d'une autre partie transversale de raccordement des deux tubes située au-dessus de la première.According to another embodiment, the key comprises only one free hanging end portion and has its opposite free end portion comprising two shoulders bearing on the side of the part transverse connection of the two adjacent tubes opposite to the protective shell and on the same side another cross section connecting the two tubes located above the first.

Avantageusement, selon le premier mode de réalisation, la clavette est en forme de plaque s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement aux deux tubes adjacents et perpendiculairement au plan médian longitudinal de ceux-ci, reposant par son bord inférieur sur la partie transversale de raccordement des deux tubes adjacents et ayant ses deux parties d'extrémités libres d'accrochage comprenant respectivement deux becs d'accrochage dirigés vers le haut à l'opposé du bord inférieur et divergeant l'un de l'autre. Advantageously, according to the first embodiment, the key is plate-shaped extending substantially parallel to the two adjacent tubes and perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane thereof, resting by its lower edge on the part transversal connection of the two adjacent tubes and having its two end portions free to snap respectively comprising two directed attachment beaks upward opposite the lower and diverging edge one of the other.

Les deux becs d'accrochage de la clavette en forme de plaque sont disposés symétriquement au plan médian transversal de la clavette.The two hooks of the wedge-shaped wedge plate are arranged symmetrically to the median plane transversal key.

Selon l'autre mode de réalisation, la clavette est également en forme de plaque s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement aux deux tubes adjacents et perpendiculairement au plan médian longitudinal de ceux-ci, reposant par son bord inférieur sur la partie transversale de raccordement des deux tubes et ayant sa partie d'extrémité libre d'accrochage comprenant un bec dirigé vers le haut à l'opposé du bord inférieur et sa partie d'extrémité opposée à deux épaulements formant tête d'un T.According to the other embodiment, the key is also in the form of a plate extending substantially parallel to the two adjacent tubes and perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane thereof, resting by its lower edge on the part transversal connection of the two tubes and having its free hanging end portion comprising a spout directed upward from the bottom edge and its end portion opposite two shoulders forming head of a T.

La clavette est logée dans une ouverture, en forme de trou oblong ou de fenêtre rectangulaire, réalisée parallèlement aux deux tubes adjacents dans une ailette de liaison des deux tubes et dont le bord inférieur consitute la partie transversale d'appui de la clavette.The key is housed in an opening, shaped oblong hole or rectangular window, made parallel to the two adjacent tubes in a fin connecting the two tubes and whose lower edge consitute the transverse bearing portion of the key.

Le logement précité de la coquille de protection s'étend parallèlement aux deux tubes adjacents sur une longueur supérieure à la hauteur de la partie d'extrémité d'accrochage de la clavette pour permettre l'introduction de cette partie d'extrémité dans le logement dont la partie supérieure est de forme conjuguée au bec d'accrochage de la clavette.The aforementioned housing of the protective shell extends parallel to the two adjacent tubes over a length greater than the height of the end portion hooking the key to allow the introduction of this end part in the housing whose upper part is of conjugate form with the beak hooking the key.

L'espace subsistant entre la partie inférieure du logement traversant de la coquille de protection et le bord inférieur correspondant de la clavette est rempli par du béton, de préférence en carbure de silicium, afin de sceller la coquille sur la clavette et empêcher son décrochage. The space between the lower part of the housing through the protective shell and the corresponding lower edge of the key is filled by concrete, preferably silicon carbide, in order to seal the shell on the key and prevent its stall.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la clavette à tête d'appui, les côtés des deux parties transversales de raccordement des deux tubes adjacents et sur lesquels vient en appui la branche transversale du T de la clavette, sont constitués par le côté de l'ailette de liaison des deux tubes adjacents opposé à la coquille de protection.In the embodiment of the feather key the sides of the two transverse parts of the connecting the two adjacent tubes and on which comes to bear the transverse branch of the T of the key, are constituted by the side of the fin of connection of the two adjacent tubes opposite the shell of protection.

La clavette à tête d'appui peut être introduite à travers l'ailette de raccordement de deux tubes adjacents par le côté opposé à la coquille de protection.The wedge key can be inserted through the fin connecting two adjacent tubes by the opposite side to the protective shell.

Selon une variante, la clavette à tête d'appui peut être introduite à travers l'ailette de raccordement des deux tubes adjacents par le côté où sera accrochée la coquille de protection en engageant tout d'abord l'extrémité supérieure de la branche transversale du T de la clavette à travers l'ouverture de l'ailette par inclinaison de la clavette, dont le bord supérieur situé entre la branche du T et le bec d'accrochage est en appui sur le bord supérieur de l'ouverture, puis en faisant pivoter la clavette autour de son point d'appui dans un sens permettant le passage à travers l'ouverture de l'extrémité inférieure de la branche transversale du T ayant un profil externe courbé et en amenant en appui par gravité la clavette sur le bord inférieur de l'ouverture de l'ailette.According to one variant, the key with a support head can be introduced through the connecting fin of the two adjacent tubes by the side where will be hung the shell of protection by first engaging the end superior of the transverse branch of the T of the key through the opening of the fin by tilting the key, the upper edge of which is between the branch of the T and the hooking nose is resting on the edge top of the opening and then rotating the key around his fulcrum in a sense allowing passage through the opening of the lower end of the transverse branch of the T having a curved external profile and bringing in support by gravity the key on the bottom edge of the opening of the fin.

La clavette et les coquilles de protection sont réalisées en matériau ne se corrodant pas, notamment en céramique et de préférence à base de carbure de silicium pour lui procurer également une bonne conduction thermique.The key and the protective shells are made made of non-corroding material, in particular ceramic and preferably based on silicon carbide for him also provide good thermal conduction.

La clavette comprend à son bord inférieur au moins une découpe sensiblement semi-circulaire de maintien du béton de remplissage de l'espace entre clavette et partie inférieure du logement de la coquille de protection.The key comprises at its lower edge at least one substantially semicircular cut for holding concrete filling the space between key and part lower housing of the protective shell.

Un mastic en matériau réfractaire souple est disposé entre les coquilles de protection et le panneau de tubes et entre les coquilles de protection.A putty of flexible refractory material is disposed between the protective shells and the panel of tubes and between the protective shells.

La largeur de l'ouverture précitée de chaque coquille de protection est légèrement supérieure à l'épaisseur de la clavette en forme de plaque.The width of the aforementioned opening of each shell of protection is slightly greater than the thickness of the key in the form of a plate.

Chaque coquille de protection comprend à ses extrémités supérieure et inférieure une languette et une rainure permettant de disposer les coquilles les unes aux-dessus des autres par emboítement en partant du bas du panneau de tubes vers le haut de celui-ci.Each protective shell has at its ends upper and lower one tongue and one groove allowing to place the shells one above others by interlocking from the bottom of the panel of tubes to the top of it.

Lorque l'on doit remplacer des coquilles lors d'une réparation, chaque coquille de protection de la rangée supérieure a une hauteur réduite par rapport aux autres coquilles de protection des rangées inférieures et l'espace laissé libre au-dessus de cette coquille est bouché par du béton, de préférence à base de carbure de silicium.When shells need to be replaced repair, each protective shell of the row superior to a reduced height compared to others protective shells of the lower rows and the space left free above this shell is clogged with concrete, preferably carbide-based silicon.

L'invention propose également un procédé de fixation de coquilles de protection à au moins une paroi d'un panneau de tubes notamment d'un surchauffeur d'une chaudière, reliés les uns aux autres par des ailettes de raccordement, les coquilles étant conformées de façon à épouser la paroi du panneau en position de fixation de celles-ci et qui est caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à disposer des clavettes, en matériau ne se corrodant pas, notamment en céramique de préférence à base de carbure de silicium lui procurant une bonne conduction thermique, ayant chacune au moins une partie d'extrémité libre à bec d'accrochage, respectivement dans des ouvertures en forme de trou oblong ou de fenêtre rectangulaire réalisées à travers les ailettes de raccordement de façon à faire saillie de ces ailettes, à accrocher chaque coquille de protection au bec d'accrochage de la clavette correspondante s'engageant dans un logement conjugué réalisé dans la partie de la coquille située entre deux tubes adjacents, de façon à réaliser successivement, de bas en haut, des rangées de coquilles de protection superposées maintenues par gravité et/ou scellement sur les clavettes correspondantes.The invention also proposes a method for fixing protective shells at least one wall of a panel tubes including a superheater of a boiler, connected to each other by fins of connection, the shells being shaped so as to marry the wall of the panel in the fixing position of these and which is characterized in that it consists of have keys, material not corroding, in particular ceramic, preferably based on carbide silicon providing good thermal conduction, each having at least one free end portion latching respectively in shaped openings oblong hole or rectangular window made through the connecting fins so as to make protruding from these fins, to hang each shell of protection at the latch of the key corresponding to engage in a conjugate housing made in the part of the shell located between two adjacent tubes, so as to successively bottom up, rows of protective shells superimposed held by gravity and / or the corresponding keys.

Le procédé consiste également à superposer les coquilles de protection en colonnes.The method also consists of superimposing the shells protection in columns.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaítront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple illustrant plusieurs modes de réalisation et dans lesquels.

  • La figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée représentant un panneau de tubes d'un surchauffeur de chaudière et deux coquilles de protection pouvant être accrochées au panneau conformément à l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue de dessus représentant deux paires de coquilles de protection d'une même rangée fixées au panneau de tubes.
  • La figure 3 est une vue partielle en coupe agrandie suivant la ligne III-III de la figure 2.
  • La figure 4 est une vue de dessus d'une coquille de l'invention.
  • La figure 5 est une vue de côté d'une clavette d'accrochage de deux coquilles de protection.
  • La figure 6 est une vue partielle en coupe suivant la ligne VI-VI de la figure 5.
  • La figure 7 est une vue de côté d'une coquille suivant la flèche VII de la figure 1.
  • La figure 8 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne VIII-VIII de la figure 7.
  • La figure 9 représente en perspective éclatée un dispositif de fixation d'une coquille à un panneau de tubes d'un surchauffeur de chaudière suivant un second mode de réalisation de l'invention.
  • La figure 10 est une vue en coupe dans le plan vertical contenant la ligne X-X de la figure 9 sans la coquille de protection.
  • La figure 11 est une vue en perspective éclatée représentant une variante de réalisation du support d'une clavette d'accrochage de deux coquilles de protection.
  • La figure 12 est une vue en perspective éclatée représentant une variante de réalisation du support d'une clavette d'accrochage d'une seule coquille.
    • The invention will be better understood and other objects, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the following explanatory description made with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, given solely by way of example illustrating several modes of realization and in which.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a tube panel of a boiler superheater and two protective shells can be hung on the panel according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a top view showing two pairs of protective shells of the same row attached to the tube panel.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial view in enlarged section along the line III-III of FIG. 2.
  • Figure 4 is a top view of a shell of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a side view of a key for hooking two protective shells.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5.
  • Figure 7 is a side view of a shell along the arrow VII of Figure 1.
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view along the line VIII-VIII of Figure 7.
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of a device for attaching a shell to a panel of tubes of a boiler superheater according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 10 is a sectional view in the vertical plane containing line XX of Figure 9 without the protective shell.
  • Figure 11 is an exploded perspective view showing an alternative embodiment of the support of a key for hooking two protective shells.
  • Figure 12 is an exploded perspective view showing an alternative embodiment of the support of a coupling key of a single shell.

    • Les figures 1 à 8 représentent un premier mode de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention permettant de fixer des coquilles de protection aux deux côtés d'un panneau plan de tubes métalliques constituant un surchauffeur de chaudière, étant bien entendu que ce dispositif n'est pas limité à une telle application. Figures 1 to 8 represent a first mode of embodiment of the device of the invention allowing attach protective shells to both sides of a flat panel of metal tubes constituting a Boiler superheater, it being understood that this device is not limited to such an application.

    Le panneau 1 comprend des tubes métalliques verticaux 2 reliés rigidement les uns aux autres de façon espacée par des ailettes 3 soudées aux tubes 2 dans lesquels peut circuler un fluide caloporteur.Panel 1 comprises vertical metal tubes 2 rigidly connected to each other spaced apart by fins 3 welded to the tubes 2 in which can circulating a heat transfer fluid.

    Des coquilles 4 épousant la forme du panneau 1 sont fixées aux deux côtés de celui-ci par des éléments d'accrochage 5 de façon à protéger contre la corrosion le panneau de tubes. Les coquilles de protection 4 sont de préférence fixées au panneau 1 en rangées et colonnes, mais elles peuvent également être fixées en quinconce sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Shells 4 conforming to the shape of the panel 1 are attached to both sides of it by elements 5 in order to protect against corrosion the panel of tubes. The protective shells 4 are of preferably fixed to the panel 1 in rows and columns, but they can also be staggered without departing from the scope of the invention.

    Selon l'invention, chaque élément d'accrochage 5 de deux coquilles de protection 4 situées en regard l'une de l'autre de part et d'autre du panneau de tubes est constitué par une clavette mieux visible en figure 5, logée amoviblement dans une ouverture en forme de trou oblong 6 réalisée à travers une ailette correspondante 3 en s'étendant parallèlement aux tubes 2. Chaque clavette 5, réalisée en matériau ne se corrodant pas, notamment en céramique et de préférance à base de carbure de silicium pour lui procurer également une propriété de bonne conduction de la chaleur, est en forme de plaque généralement rectangulaire et comporte en partie supérieure deux extrémités libres d'accrochage 5a en forme de becs dirigés vers le haut en divergeant l'un de l'autre et symétriques au plan médian transversal de la clavette. La largeur de chaque ouverture 6 est légèrement supérieure à l'épaisseur de la clavette 5. A titre d'exemple, la clavette 5 peut avoir une épaisseur d'environ 20 mm et une hauteur d'environ 80 mm, lui donnant une bonne résistance mécanique. Chaque clavette 5 comprend en outre en partie inférieure deux empreintes ou découpes 5b de forme semi-circulaire, symétriques au plan médian transversal de la clavette et destinées à maintenir en place un béton de clavetage comme on le verra ultérieurement. Le bord inférieur de chaque clavette 5 est arrondi comme représenté en figure 6 de façon à s'adapter à la forme conjuguée du bord inférieur de l'ouverture correspondante 6.According to the invention, each fastening element 5 of two protective shells 4 located opposite one of the other side of the tube panel is constituted by a key better visible in Figure 5, Removably housed in a hole-shaped opening oblong 6 made through a corresponding fin 3 extending parallel to the tubes 2. Each key 5, made of non-corroding material, especially in ceramic and preferential silicon carbide to also give him a property of good heat conduction, is shaped plate generally rectangular and partly upper two free hanging ends 5a in shape of spouts directed upwards diverging one of the other and symmetrical to the median transverse plane of the key. The width of each opening 6 is slightly greater than the thickness of key 5. for example, the key 5 can have a thickness about 20 mm and a height of about 80 mm, he giving good mechanical strength. Each key 5 further comprises in the lower part two fingerprints or cutouts 5b of semicircular shape, symmetrical to the plane transverse median of the key and intended for maintain a keying concrete as it is will see later. The bottom edge of each key 5 is rounded as shown in FIG. way to fit the conjugate shape of the bottom edge the corresponding opening 6.

    Chaque coquille de protection 4 comprend, dans sa partie intermédiaire 4a s'adaptant dans l'espace entre deux tubes adjacents 2 et située entre les deux parties creuses semi-cylindriques parallèles 4b, un logement 7 de la partie d'extrémité libre de la clavette 5 de façon à permettre l'accrochage de la coquille 4 à cette partie d'extrémité de la clavette 5 et le maintien de cette coquille à la clavette par gravité en attendant la mise en place du béton de clavetage. Le logement 7 de chaque coquille 4 est en forme de fenêtre réalisée à travers la coquille en débouchant à sa paroi externe et ayant son axe longitudinal sensiblement parallèle aux tubes 2. Comme cela ressort mieux de la figure 8, le logement 7 de chaque coquille 4 a sa partie supérieure 7a, 7b de forme conjuguée à l'un des deux becs d'accrochage 5a de la clavette 5 et à la partie de bord supérieur 5c de la clavette prolongeant la partie en rampe 5a1 du bec d'accrochage correspondant 5a. La coquille 4 représentée aux figures 7 et 8 est celle représentée à gauche du panneau 1 au regard de la figure 1 et est destinée à être accrochée au bec d'accrochage 5a situé à gauche de la clavette 5 représentée en figure 5. La hauteur h de chaque logement 7 définie entre son bord inférieur 7c et son bord supérieur parallèle 7b prolongeant la rampe supérieure 7a d'accrochage de la coquille 4 à la clavette 5, est supérieure à la hauteur de la clavette 5 pour permettre le passage de la clavette à travers la coquille. Each protective shell 4 comprises, in its part intermediate 4a adapting in the space between two adjacent tubes 2 and located between the two parts parallel semi-cylindrical hollow 4b, a housing 7 of the free end portion of the key 5 so as to allow the attachment of the shell 4 to this part end of the key 5 and the maintenance of this shell with the key by gravity pending the setting in place of the keying concrete. Accommodation 7 of each shell 4 is shaped window made through the shell by opening to its outer wall and having its longitudinal axis substantially parallel to the tubes 2. As best shown in Figure 8, the housing 7 of each shell 4 has its upper part 7a, 7b of form conjugated to one of the two hooks 5a of the key 5 and at the upper edge portion 5c of the key extending the ramp portion 5a1 of the spout corresponding hooking 5a. The shell 4 shown in Figures 7 and 8 is the one shown to the left of panel 1 with regard to Figure 1 and is intended to be attached to the latch 5a located to the left of the key 5 shown in FIG. 5. The height h of each housing 7 defined between its lower edge 7c and its parallel top edge 7b extending the ramp upper 7a hooking the shell 4 to the key 5, is greater than the height of the key 5 for allow the keyway to pass through the shell.

    Du fait que les clavettes 5 et les coquilles de protection 4 sont en céramique à base de carbure de silicium, leur permet de présenter une excellente résistance à la corrosion tout en ayant la propriété de bien conduire la chaleur.Because the wedges 5 and the shells of protection 4 are ceramic carbide-based silicon, allows them to present excellent corrosion resistance while having the property of well drive the heat.

    La fixation des coquilles de protection 4 au panneau 1 ressort déjà en grande partie de la description qui précède et va être maintenant expliquée.Fixing the protective shells 4 to the panel 1 already largely reflected in the description which precedes and will now be explained.

    Chaque clavette 5 est tout d'abord insérée dans son logement 6 par un opérateur situé d'un côté du panneau 1 et maintenue dans le logement en appui par son bord inférieur sur le bord inférieur de forme conjuguée de l'ouverture 6. De la sorte, chaque clavette 5 est disposée sensiblement parallèlement aux deux tubes adjacents 2 et perpendiculairement au plan médian longitudinal de ceux-ci contenant l'ailette 3, en faisant saillie de part et d'autre de cette dernière. Ensuite, l'opérateur accroche une coquille de protection 4 au côté du panneau 1 en introduisant la partie d'extrémité à bec d'accrochage 5a de la clavette 5 dans le logement 7 de la coquille et relâchant cette dernière pour qu'elle repose par gravité sur l'extrémité de la clavette. Puis, un opérateur situé de l'autre côté du panneau 1 accroche de la même manière l'autre coquille de protection 4 à la même clavette 5 et ces opérations sont répétées jusqu'à revêtir les deux côtés du panneau. L'espace subsistant entre le bord inférieur de chaque clavette 5 et la partie inférieure du logement 7 de la coquille correspondante, du fait que ce logement a une hauteur supérieure à la hauteur de la clavette pour permettre la mise en place des coquilles, est rempli d'un béton de clavetage 8 (figure 2) à base de carbure de silicium, pour empêcher le décrochage des coquilles. Les empreintes semi-circulaires 5b de chaque clavette 5 sont remplies du béton 8 ce qui permet le maintien en place de ce dernier. Le montage des coquilles de protection 4 s'effectue à partir du bas du panneau de tubes vers le haut de celui-ci. Comme cela ressort des figures 4, 7 et 8, chaque coquille 4 comporte à sa partie supérieure une languette faisant saillie 4c et à sa partie inférieure une rainure conjuguée 4d. Cette configuration permet d'empiler les coquilles de protection 4 par emboítement d'une languette supérieure d'une coquille dans une rainure inférieure d'une autre coquille au-dessus de la première. En outre, comme représenté en figure 3, chaque coquille 4 de la rangée supérieure est d'une hauteur inférieure à la hauteur commune des coquilles des rangées inférieures, de façon à permettre la mise en place des coquilles de la rangée supérieure en dessous du plafond P de la chaudière ou de coquilles déjà en place dans le cas d'une réparation de la protection. L'espace subsistant entre la partie supérieure des coquilles de la rangée supérieure et ce plafond P est rempli d'un béton 8a à base de carbure de silicium. Le plafond P peut comporter des empreintes ou cavités semi-hémisphériques P1 et P2 remplies du béton 8a pour assurer son maintien en place.Each key 5 is first inserted into its slot 6 by an operator located on one side of the panel 1 and kept in the housing supported by its edge lower on the lower edge of conjugate form of 6. In this way, each key 5 is disposed substantially parallel to the two tubes adjacent 2 and perpendicular to the median plane longitudinal axis of these containing the fin 3, protruding on both sides of the latter. Then, the operator hangs a protective shell 4 at the side of panel 1 by introducing the beaked end portion 5a hooking of the key 5 in the housing 7 of the shell and releasing it so that it rests by gravity on the end of the key. Then, a operator located on the other side of the panel 1 hangs from the same way the other protective shell 4 at the same key 5 and these operations are repeated until coat both sides of the panel. The remaining space between the lower edge of each key 5 and the part lower housing 7 of the corresponding shell, because this dwelling has a height greater than height of the key to allow the setting up shells, is filled with a keying concrete 8 (Figure 2) based on silicon carbide, to prevent the stall of the shells. Semi-circular imprints 5b of each key 5 are filled with concrete 8 which allows the maintenance in place of the latter. The mounting of the protective shells 4 takes place at from the bottom of the tube panel to the top of it. As can be seen from Figures 4, 7 and 8, each shell 4 has at its upper part a tongue protruding 4c and at its lower part a groove conjugate 4d. This configuration allows you to stack protective shells 4 by interlocking a tongue top of a shell in a lower groove another shell above the first. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, each shell 4 of the upper row is of a height lower than the common height of the shells of the lower rows, way to allow the establishment of the shells of the upper row below the ceiling P of the boiler or shells already in place in the case of a repair of the protection. The space between upper part of the shells of the upper row and this ceiling P is filled with a concrete 8a based on silicon carbide. The ceiling P may include semi-hemispherical cavities or cavities P1 and P2 filled with concrete 8a to ensure its retention.

    Comme représenté aux figures 2 et 3, un mastic en matériau réfractaire souple 9, tel que par exemple du Fraxfil, est interposé entre les coquilles de protection 4 et le panneau de tubes 1 et entre les coquilles 4 de façon à autoriser une libre dilatation des coquilles. En outre, ce mastic réfractaire constitue une barrière à la circulation des gaz contre les tubes 2 du panneau de surchauffeur 1. La figure 2 montre également que du béton 10 à base de carbure de silicium est coulé le long de l'espace vertical existant entre deux coquilles d'extrémités entourant chaque dernier tube 2 du panneau de surchauffeur 1. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a putty made of flexible refractory material 9, such as, for example, Fraxfil, is interposed between the protective shells 4 and the panel of tubes 1 and between the shells 4 of to allow free expansion of the shells. In In addition, this refractory mastic is a barrier to gas flow against the tubes 2 of the panel of superheater 1. Figure 2 also shows that concrete 10 based on silicon carbide is poured along the vertical space between two shells ends surrounding each last tube 2 of the panel superheater 1.

    Les figures 9 et 10 représentent un second mode de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention selon lequel une seule paroi du panneau 1 de tubes 2 est recouverte par des coquilles de protection 4, identiques à celles du premier mode de réalisation, et dont une seule est représentée.Figures 9 and 10 show a second mode of embodiment of the device of the invention according to which a only wall of the panel 1 of tubes 2 is covered by protective shells 4, identical to those of the first embodiment, and only one of which is represented.

    Selon ce mode de réalisation, la clavette 10 d'accrochage d'une coquille de protection correspondante 4 est en forme de plaque ayant des caractéristiques de résistance mécanique identiques à celles de la clavette 5 et se présentant sous une forme générale en T dont la jambe comporte à son extrémité libre supérieure un bec d'accrochage 10a d'une coquille 4 et la branche transversale 10b définit deux épaulements e1 et e2. Comme pour la clavette 5, la clavette 10 est engagée dans une ouverture 6 en forme de fenêtre rectangulaire s'étendant parallèlement aux tubes 2 et repose par son bord inférieur sur le bord inférieur de forme conjuguée de la fenêtre 6 en faisant saillie de l'ailette correspondante 3 du côté où doit être fixée la coquille 4. La branche transversale 10b de la clavette 10 vient en appui sur le côté de l'ailette 3 opposé au côté devant être protégé par la coquille de protection correspondante 4, de façon à constituer une butée de maintien de la clavette 10 dans l'ouverture 6. En outre, la clavette 10 peut comporter une découpe semi-circulaire (non représentée) à son bord inférieur opposé au bec 10a pour permettre le maintien du béton de remplissage de l'espace entre la clavette 10 et la partie inférieure de l'ouverture 7. Bien entendu, la clavette 10 est en un matériau résistant à la corrosion, notamment en céramique et de préférence à base de carbure de silicium, lui conférant également une bonne conduction de la chaleur. According to this embodiment, the key 10 hanging of a corresponding protective shell 4 is in plate shape with resistance characteristics identical to those of key 5 and presenting in a general T-shape whose leg has at its upper free end a beak hooking 10a of a shell 4 and the branch transverse 10b defines two shoulders e1 and e2. As for the key 5, the key 10 is engaged in a opening 6 shaped rectangular window extending parallel to the tubes 2 and rests by its edge lower on the lower edge of conjugate form of the window 6 projecting from the corresponding fin 3 on the side where the shell is to be attached. transverse 10b of the key 10 bears on the side of the fin 3 opposite the side to be protected by the corresponding protective shell 4, so to constitute a stop for holding the key 10 in the opening 6. In addition, the key 10 may comprise a semicircular cut (not shown) on board bottom opposite the spout 10a to allow the maintenance of the concrete filling the space between key 10 and the lower part of the opening 7. Of course, the key 10 is made of a material resistant to corrosion, especially ceramic and preferably based on silicon carbide, also giving it a good conduction of heat.

    La fixation de chaque coquille de protection 4 s'effectue en insérant tout d'abord chaque clavette 10 dans l'ouverture 6 de façon que la branche transversale 10b de celle-ci soit en appui sur le côté correspondant de l'ailette 3 et que la clavette 10 occupe une position sensiblement parallèle aux tubes 2 et perpendiculaire à cette ailette. Ensuite, la coquille de protection est placée devant l'extrémité libre de la jambe à bec 10a de la clavette 10 pour l'introduire dans le logement 7 de la coquille qui est fixée par accrochage à la clavette 10 et maintenue à celle-ci par gravité.The fixing of each protective shell 4 is carried out by first inserting each key 10 into the opening 6 so that the transverse branch 10b of this one is in support on the corresponding side of the fin 3 and that the key 10 occupies a position substantially parallel to the tubes 2 and perpendicular to this wing. Then the protective shell is placed in front of the free end of the bent leg 10a the key 10 to introduce it into the housing 7 of the shell which is fixed by hooking on the key 10 and maintained by gravity.

    La figure 10 montre une variante de réalisation de la clavette 10 qui, au lieu d'être introduite par le côté du panneau 1 opposé à celui où sont fixées les coquilles de protection 4, est introduite du même côté de fixation de ces coquilles. A cet effet, la branche transversale 10b de la clavette 10 à l'une de ses extrémités dite inférieure 10b1 présentant un profil externe arqué pour permettre l'introduction de cette branche à travers l'ouverture 6 de l'ailette 3 comme expliqué maintenant. Tout d'abord, la clavette 10 est inclinée relativement à l'ailette 3 de manière à permettre l'engagement de l'extrémité supérieure 10b2 de la branche transversale 10b de la clavette comme indiqué en traits mixtes sur la figure 10 qui montre également que le bord supérieur de la clavette 10 situé entre l'extrémité 10b2 et le bec d'accrochage 10a est en appui sur le bord supérieur de l'ouverture 6 pour constituer un point d'appui. Ensuite, la clavette 10 est pivotée autour de ce point d'appui dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre pour permettre le passage de l'extrémité arquée 10b1 dont le rayon autorise la rotation et le passage de l'extrémité inférieure 10b1 à travers l'ouverture 6. Lorsque la clavette 10 est engagée dans l'ouverture 6 comme indiqué en trait fort à la figure 10 avec la branche transversale 10b en appui sur le côté de l'ailette 3 opposé au côté où doit être fixée la coquille de protection correspondante 4, la clavette 10 est descendue jusqu'à ce qu'elle repose par son bord inférieur sur le bord inférieur correspondant de l'ouverture 6. Enfin, la coquille de protection 4 est fixée au panneau 1 en l'accrochant au bec d'accrochage 10a de la clavette 10, le poids de cette coquille permettant le maintien de celle-ci à la paroi du panneau 1. Si l'on souhaite obtenir une étanchéité de ce panneau aux gaz de combustion, ce qui est le cas des écrans de chambre de combustion, il est possible de prévoir une boíte d'étanchéité 11, représentée en pointillés en figure 10, derrière chaque ouverture 6 aménagée dans les ailettes 3.Figure 10 shows an alternative embodiment of the key 10 which, instead of being introduced by the side of the panel 1 opposite the one where the shells of protection 4 is inserted on the same fixing side of these shells. For this purpose, the transverse branch 10b of the key 10 at one of its ends said lower 10b1 having an arcuate outer profile for allow the introduction of this branch across the opening 6 of the fin 3 as explained now. First, the key 10 is inclined relative to the fin 3 so as to allow the engagement of the upper end 10b2 of the transverse branch 10b of the key as shown in phantom on the figure 10 which also shows that the upper edge of the key 10 located between the end 10b2 and the beak 10a is supported on the upper edge of the opening 6 to constitute a fulcrum. Then, the key 10 is rotated around this fulcrum clockwise to allow the passage of the arched end 10b1 whose radius allows the rotation and the passage of the lower end 10b1 through the opening 6. When the key 10 is engaged in opening 6 as shown in strong line at FIG. 10 with the transverse branch 10b in support on the side of the fin 3 opposite to the side where should be fixed the corresponding protective shell 4, the key 10 came down until it rests by its lower edge on the corresponding lower edge of the opening 6. Finally, the protective shell 4 is attached to the panel 1 by hooking it to the hooking spigot 10a of the key 10, the weight of this shell allowing the maintenance of this one at the wall of the panel 1. If you want to get a seal of this panel combustion gases, which is the case with combustion chamber, it is possible to provide a sealing box 11, shown in dotted lines in Figure 10, behind each opening 6 arranged in the fins 3.

    Bien entendu, du mastic réfractaire souple peut être également utilisé comme dans le premier mode de réalisation pour permettre l'étanchéité et la libre dilatation des coquilles fixées au côté du panneau 1, entre elles ou par rapport à ce panneau. De même, les coquilles de protection de la rangée supérieure du second mode de réalisation ont une hauteur inférieure aux coquilles de protection des rangées inférieures pour permettre le montage de cette rangée, l'espace entre plafond et coquilles supérieures étant bouché par du béton à base de carbure de silicium comme dans le premier mode de réalisation.Of course, flexible refractory mastic can be also used as in the first mode of realization to allow sealing and free dilation of the shells attached to the side of the panel 1, between them or with respect to this panel. Similarly, protective shells from the top row of the second embodiment have a height lower than protective shells of the lower rows for allow the assembly of this row, the space between ceiling and upper shells being clogged with silicon carbide-based concrete as in the first embodiment.

    Diverses modifications peuvent être apportées au dispositif qui vient d'être décrit de l'invention. Ainsi, si les tubes métalliques 2 ne sont pas reliés entre eux par des ailettes continues 3 comme décrit précédemment, il est alors possible d'installer, au niveau de chaque coquille, un genre de taquet ou barrette 12 représenté en figure 11, soudé entre deux tubes adjacents transversalement à ceux-ci et qui servira d'appui à la clavette du premier mode de réalisation. Dans le cas de la clavette du second mode de réalisation, il faudra alors prévoir un deuxième taquet 13 au-dessus du premier, comme représenté en figure 12, servant d'appui à la clavette 10 et à une hauteur relative permettant à la branche transversale 10b de la clavette 10 de venir en appui sur le côté commun des deux taquets opposé au côté sur lequel doivent être fixées les coquilles de protection. Bien entendu, selon la variante de la figure 12, la clavette 10 peut être introduite dans l'ouverture définie entre les deux taquets 12, 13 suivant l'une ou l'autre des deux méthodes exposées aux figures 9 et 10.Various modifications can be made to device which has just been described of the invention. So, if the metal tubes 2 are not interconnected by continuous fins 3 as previously described, it is then possible to install, at the level of each shell, a kind of cleat or bar 12 shown in Figure 11, welded between two adjacent tubes transversally to these and which will serve as support for the key of the first embodiment. In the case of the key of the second embodiment, it will be necessary then provide a second cleat 13 above the first, as shown in Figure 12, serving as a support to the key 10 and at a relative height allowing the transverse branch 10b of the key 10 to come into support on the common side of the two cleats opposite the side on which the shells of protection. Of course, according to the variant of the figure 12, the key 10 can be introduced into the opening defined between the two cleats 12, 13 according to one or the other of the two methods shown in Figures 9 and 10.

    Le dispositif de fixation de l'invention ci-dessus décrit permet un montage des coquilles de protection extrêmement simples et il n'y a aucune pièce à souder contrairement aux dispositifs antérieurement connus. Ainsi, après un sablage du panneau de tubes, il suffit d'installer les coquilles à la manière expliquée ci-dessus. En outre, les mêmes coquilles de protection peuvent être installées d'un côté ou des deux côtés des panneaux à protéger puisque, selon l'invention, il suffit de changer de type de clavette pour fixer les coquilles de protection à l'un des côtés du panneau ou aux deux côtés de celui-ci.The fixing device of the invention described above allows mounting of protective shells extremely simple and there is no workpiece unlike to previously known devices. So after a Sandblast the panel of tubes, just install the shells in the manner explained above. In addition, same protective shells can be installed on one or both sides of the panels to be protected since, according to the invention, it is sufficient to change the type key to attach the protective shells to one sides of the panel or both sides of it.

    Claims (20)

    1. Device for protecting a panel (1) of tubes (2), in particular of a boiler superheater, against corrosion and/or abrasion, the tubes being rigidly interconnected and spaced apart, the device comprising protective shells (4) fixed by hanger elements (5; 10) on at least one of the sides of the panel (1) and marrying the shape of the latter, characterized in that each hanger element comprises a gib (5; 10) removably lodged between two adjacent tubes (2), resting on a transverse part interconnecting the two tubes (2), and having at least one free end part (5a; 10a) adapted to engage in a seat (7) in the part of the protective shell (4) situated between the two adjacent tubes (2), to enable the shell (4) to be hung in place and retained by gravity and/or by sealing.
    2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the gib (5) has two free end parts (5a) situated one on either side of the panel (1) and adapted to engage respectively in two seats (7) in the two parts of two protective shells situated between the two adjacent tubes so that the two protective shells (4) are fixed one on either side of the panel (1).
    3. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the gib (10) has a single free end part for hanging (10a) and in its opposite free end part (10b) has two shoulders (e1, e2) brought to bear on the side of the transverse part (12) interconnecting the two adjacent tubes (2) which is opposite to the protective shell (4), and on the same side of another transverse part (13) interconnecting the two tubes (2) that is situated above the first.
    4. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the gib (5) is in the form of a plate extending substantially parallel with the two adjacent tubes (2) and perpendicularly to the tubes' longitudinal centre plane, resting by its bottom edge on the transverse part interconnecting the two adjacent tubes (2) and with its two free end parts respectively having two upwards pointing hanger nebs (5a) opposite the [bottom] edge and diverging from each other.
    5. Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the two hanger nebs (5a) of the gib (5) in the form of a plate are disposed symmetrically with respect to the transverse centre plane of the gib (5).
    6. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the gib (10) is in the form of a plate extending substantially parallel with the two adjacent tubes and perpendicularly to the tubes' longitudinal centre plane, resting by its bottom edge on the transverse part (12) interconnecting the two adjacent tubes (2) and with its free end part for hanging (10a) having an upwards pointing neb opposite the bottom edge and its opposite end part [having] two shoulders (e1, e2) forming the head (10b) of a T.
    7. Device according to any one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the gib (5; 10) is lodged in an opening (6) in the form of an oblong hole or rectangular slot made parallel with the two adjacent tubes (2) in a web (3) which connects the two tubes and the lower edge of which forms the transverse support for the gib (5; 10).
    8. Device according to any one of Claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the seat (7) for the protective shell (4) extends parallel with the two adjacent tubes (2) over a length which exceeds the height of the hanger end part of the gib (5; 10) so as to allow this end part to be inserted into the seat (7), whose upper part is shaped to match the hanger neb of the gib (5; 10).
    9. Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the gap between the lower part of the through seat (7) in the protective shell (4) and the corresponding bottom edge of the gib (5; 10) is filled with concrete (8), preferably of silicon carbide.
    10. Device according to Claim 7 considered solely in combination with Claim 6, characterized in that the sides of the two transverse parts connecting the two adjacent tubes and [sic] on which the cross arm (10b) of the T of the gib (10) bears are formed by the side of the web (3) connecting the two tubes which is opposite to the protective shell.
    11. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the gib (10) is inserted through the connecting web (3) [from] the side opposite to the protective shell (4).
    12. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the gib (10) is inserted through the connecting web (3) [from] the side on which the protective shell (4) is to be hung, by first of all engaging the upper end (10b2) of the cross arm (10b) of the T of the gib (10) through the opening (6) in the web (3), with the gib (5) tilted over with its upper edge situated between the cross arm of the T and the hanger neb (10a) resting on the upper edge of the opening (6), and then by pivoting the gib (10) about its point of contact in a direction bringing the bottom end (10b) of the cross arm of the T, which has a curved outer profile, through the opening (6), and by allowing the gib (10) to rest by force of gravity on the lower edge of the opening (6) in the web (3).
    13. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gib (5; 10) and the protective shells (4) are made of non-corroding material, particularly of ceramic, preferably silicon carbide based to give it a good heat-conducting property.
    14. Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the gib (5; 10) has at least one substantially semicircular notch (5b) in its bottom edge serving to anchor it in the above-mentioned concrete (8).
    15. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mastic of resilient refractory material (9) is disposed between the protective shells (4) and the tube panel (1) and between the protective shells (4).
    16. Device according to any one of Claims 7 to 15, characterized in that the width of the above-mentioned opening (6) is slightly greater than the thickness of the gib (5; 10).
    17. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each protective shell (4) has a tongue (4c) and a groove (4d) at its top and bottom ends to enable the shells (4) to be fitted together one on top of the other, starting from the bottom of the tube panel (1) and working towards the top thereof.
    18. Device according to Claim 17, characterized in that each protective shell (4) of the top row has a height which is reduced with respect to the other shells in the lower rows and the gap left above the said top shell is stopped with concrete, preferably of silicon carbide.
    19. Method for fixing protective shells (4) to at least one wall of a tube panel (1), in particular of a boiler superheater, the tubes being interconnected by webs (3) and the shells (4) being formed so as to marry the shape of the wall of the panel (1) when fixed in position, characterized in that the method consists in placing gibs (5; 10) of non-corroding material, particularly of ceramic, preferably silicon carbide based to give it a good heat-conducting property, each having at least one free end part formed as a hanger neb (5a; 10a) for hooking into openings (6) in the shape of an oblong hole or rectangular slot made through the connecting webs (3) so as to stick out from these webs, [and] in hanging each protective shell (4) on the hanger neb (5a; 10a) of the corresponding gib (5) engaged in a seat (7) formed in the part of the shell (4) situated between the two adjacent tubes (2) so as to successively build, working from the bottom upwards, rows of superimposed protective shells (4) held by gravity and/or by sealing on the corresponding tubes (5; 10).
    20. Method according to Claim 19, characterized in that it also consists in stacking the protective shells (4) in columns.
    EP19990402446 1998-11-10 1999-10-06 Corrosion and/or abrasion protection shells for a tube panel and method of fixing Expired - Lifetime EP1001213B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9814155A FR2785670B1 (en) 1998-11-10 1998-11-10 DEVICE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION AND / OR ABRASION OF A TUBE PANEL IN PARTICULAR OF A BOILER SUPERHEATER AND METHOD OF ATTACHING PROTECTIVE SHELLS TO AT LEAST ONE WALL OF SUCH A PANEL
    FR9814155 1998-11-10

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1001213A1 EP1001213A1 (en) 2000-05-17
    EP1001213B1 true EP1001213B1 (en) 2003-05-07

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP19990402446 Expired - Lifetime EP1001213B1 (en) 1998-11-10 1999-10-06 Corrosion and/or abrasion protection shells for a tube panel and method of fixing

    Country Status (5)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP1001213B1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69907604T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2198119T3 (en)
    FR (1) FR2785670B1 (en)
    PT (1) PT1001213E (en)

    Families Citing this family (5)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    EP1172606A1 (en) * 2000-07-12 2002-01-16 V.A.I. Société à Responsabilité Limitée Device for covering and protecting of incinerator boiler tubes
    DE202007017809U1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-04-23 VÖWA GmbH Insulating
    DE102013000424A1 (en) 2013-01-14 2014-07-17 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Method and device for protecting heat exchanger tubes and ceramic component
    FR3102540B1 (en) 2019-10-24 2022-07-15 Saint Gobain Ct Recherches REFRACTORY TILE
    CN113721302B (en) * 2021-08-12 2024-02-23 芜湖福记恒机械有限公司 Copper water jacket leads to steel ball detection device

    Family Cites Families (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE578964C (en) * 1933-06-19 Strebelwerk G M B H Firebox wall cladding for articulated boiler
    FR2624952B1 (en) * 1987-12-22 1990-04-06 Stein Industrie DEVICE FOR PROTECTING A HEAT RECOVERY BOILER SCREEN AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
    FR2700603B1 (en) * 1993-01-15 1995-03-17 Cnim Device for protection against corrosion and / or abrasion of tubes of a boiler overheater element.
    WO1998005901A1 (en) * 1996-08-07 1998-02-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Water pipe protecting refractory structure

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    ES2198119T3 (en) 2004-01-16
    DE69907604T2 (en) 2004-03-25
    FR2785670A1 (en) 2000-05-12
    EP1001213A1 (en) 2000-05-17
    DE69907604D1 (en) 2003-06-12
    FR2785670B1 (en) 2001-01-05
    PT1001213E (en) 2003-09-30

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