EP0998623A1 - Electromagnetic control device - Google Patents
Electromagnetic control deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP0998623A1 EP0998623A1 EP98951298A EP98951298A EP0998623A1 EP 0998623 A1 EP0998623 A1 EP 0998623A1 EP 98951298 A EP98951298 A EP 98951298A EP 98951298 A EP98951298 A EP 98951298A EP 0998623 A1 EP0998623 A1 EP 0998623A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- winding
- actuator according
- electromagnetic actuator
- windings
- holding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
- H01F7/1827—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current by changing number of serially-connected turns or windings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/14—Pivoting armatures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
- H01F7/1833—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current by changing number of parallel-connected turns or windings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
- F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
- F01L2009/2105—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids comprising two or more coils
- F01L2009/2109—The armature being articulated perpendicularly to the coils axes
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuating device with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- Such an actuator is such. B. from DE 3546 513 C2. There, the winding of each electromagnet is first applied to voltage until a maximum current is reached. Then the power is turned off. The current now drops via a freewheeling circuit. When a lower current value is reached, voltage is again applied to the winding until an upper current value is reached. Now it is switched off again, etc., ie the winding is clocked by a current value that is smaller than the maximum current value, as a result of which the power and the magnetic force are reduced to the value required for holding.
- the invention is based on the object of being able to make the control of at least one of the electromagnets more flexible.
- the electromagnetic actuator for valve adjustment must perform two different functions. Firstly, in the closed or open position of the Valve of the armature with the smallest possible air gap. This should result in as little power loss as possible, the efficiency of the magnet should be high, i.e. iron and air gap losses must be small. The average currents for the excitation winding should be as small as possible. When the armature has reached its end position, the time constant of the field winding can be large. Shortly before reaching the end position, however, it must be as small as possible so that deviations from the target position can be corrected as quickly as possible.
- the mechanical loss energies (e.g. due to friction), which represent a stroke loss, must be compensated for during the stroke movement of the attracting magnet.
- the magnet Depending on the air gap, the magnet has a different efficiency, low for large and high for small air gaps.
- Another criterion is the failure of the coil of the closing magnet, which results in a total failure of the corresponding cylinder even with 4 valves or malfunctions due to recoil in the intake pipe.
- One winding can be used for actuation and the second winding can be designed as a fast excitation coil with a small time constant and reduced excitation (ampere-turn number) and this coil can be used for position control or control, for example with a small air gap.
- the two windings can be mutually used as redundancy if the holding winding is operated at high voltage if the main winding fails.
- the main winding must let the current rise quickly, so it cannot have a high number of turns. Therefore a high output is necessary to generate the necessary ampere-turns.
- the holding winding has time to get the excitement necessary for holding.
- the holding winding can therefore have significantly more turns, and thus manages with significantly less current.
- the reduction in the holding power is considerable, it is reduced to approximately 15 to 20% compared to the use of a winding.
- the current reduction also means a significant reduction in heat.
- Another possibility in the use of at least two coils per magnet is to divide the yoke and to use two windings on the two yoke parts or two coils per yoke. This has the effect that when the excitation (ampere-turn number) is divided per yoke (half the area) with the same number of turns per half of the yoke and double resistance, the time constant is 1/4. If this division is carried out over both halves of the yoke, the effective time constant 1/8 and the redundancy in the event of a coil failure are guaranteed with parallel connection.
- claims 20ff brings a substantial reduction in the power requirement, which is achieved by the slow build-up of the magnetic field with the relatively large time constant.
- a high level of reliability is achieved by using at least two windings and associated output stages and a corresponding circuit for each electromagnet, which at the same time means a significant improvement in the failure rate per year with regard to complete engine failure.
- the solenoid coils are controlled individually, in parallel or in series depending on the speed range and operating mode (switching or holding the magnets) and, if necessary, with different voltage levels. This results in different electrical powers and also time constants for the product current I times the number of turns n (I x n) which determines the magnetic force. If a coil or output stage fails, the necessary value of the product (I x n) must be generated by higher voltage and thus power. Although the necessary power consumption is higher here, the engine can still be operated and repaired at the next opportunity.
- FIG. 3 to 6 diagrams to show different controls of the windings of an actuator
- control circuits 9 shows a circuit for the special control of the
- Fig.10 is a diagram for explanation
- Magnetic yokes are divided.
- FIG. 1 A possible construction of an actuating device according to the invention is shown in FIG.
- Two magnetic circuits 3 and 4 are shown, on which windings 11 and 9 are applied.
- An armature 7 is mounted by means of a torsion bar 8 which can be rotated about the axis 8a.
- the magnetic poles 3a and 4a are designed obliquely in accordance with this rotary movement.
- the torsion bar 8 sets the armature 7 into the intermediate position shown without actuating one of the windings 11 or 9.
- the armature 7 is brought into an end position in the vicinity of the poles 3a or 4a.
- the armature 7 is connected to the torsion bar 8 by means of a cage 1.
- An actuating rod is articulated on the armature 7 and is connected to a valve 6 to be actuated via a coupling 5.
- additional holding windings 10 and 12 are applied, which in principle serve to hold the armature 7 in the end positions.
- These windings 10 and 12 have a higher number of turns than windings 9 and 11 and thus a larger time constant.
- the additional windings 10 and 12 can also be used together with the windings 9 and 11 in accordance with the above-mentioned possible uses.
- the two main windings 9 and 11 and on the right the two holding windings 10 and 11 are shown. These windings 9-12 are controlled by a common ⁇ -processor, which is divided into two parts 13a and 13b in the drawing for the sake of simplicity.
- the main windings 9 and 11 are controlled by the ⁇ -processor part 13a via amplifiers 14a and 14b, which are connected to a voltage source 15 of e.g. B. 42 volts.
- a feedback line 16 from the amplifier 14a for signaling the current flow and a feedback Signal line 17 from the resistor 18 acting as a shunt, by means of which the coil current is measured.
- the holding windings 10 and 12 are controlled via amplifiers 19a and 19b, or 20a and 20b.
- the amplifiers 19a and 20a are connected to a voltage source 21 of e.g. B. 12V on.
- the amplifiers 19b and 20b are connected to the voltage source 15. All the amplifiers are switched on or off by the ⁇ -processor part 13b. Both windings 10 and 12 are followed by shunts 22 and 23, respectively. Return lines 24 and 25 lead back to the ⁇ -processor part 13b.
- a converter 26 is connected to the voltage source 15 and increases the voltage of the voltage source 15 which is present at the amplifiers 19b and 20b. Alternatives of the control are explained using the diagrams in FIGS. 3 to 6. These figures show current profiles on a main winding z. B. 9 and the associated holding winding z. B. 10.
- Fig. 3 shows the control voltage below.
- a pulse of the voltage source 15 with the voltage level U 2 is given to the amplifiers 14 a and 19 b. This pulse generates the current distribution i Hs in the main coil 14a and the profile i HaS in the holding coil 19a up to the time t.
- pulses with the amplitude U, the voltage source 21, which generate the clocked current profile in the holding coil from t are applied to the holding coil 19a via the amplifier 19a.
- This can be followed after t 2 by changing the control pulses, a clocking by an average smaller current value.
- the line 24 can be used for clocking, which signals the upper and lower value of the winding current to the ⁇ -processor 13b and thus switches the amplifier 19a on and off.
- the auxiliary winding 19a with its current i HaS and the main winding 14a with its current i HS ab t first effect the holding function together. From t 2 , the holding winding 19a takes over this function alone, and its current is clocked.
- the shunt 22 and the line 24 can be included in the timing;
- the line 16 for the main coil or a training 17/18 corresponding to the main coil 11 can be used for clocking.
- the amplifier 14a is a modern amplifier with a virtual shunt. This provides a signal when current is flowing.
- the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 7 again shows a microprocessor 33 which controls the five output stages 34a, 34b, 34c, 39 and 40.
- the power amplifiers are power amplifiers with integrated shunts.
- the output stage 34c is assigned to a main winding 31.
- the output stages 39 and 40 are assigned to the two holding windings 30 and 32 of the two magnets.
- the second main winding namely that for the magnet that closes the valve, is divided into two partial windings 29a and 29b, which are also controlled via separate output stages 34a and 34b.
- a converter 36 is provided as in FIG.
- the windings can also be replaced in the event of a winding failure.
- FIG. 7 it is also possible to control the main windings 29a, 29b, and 29c with the high output voltage of the converter.
- FIG. 8 shows a two-part main winding 49a and 49b for the closing magnet, a one-part main winding 49c for the opening magnet and, for reasons of redundancy, a two-part locking magnet winding 50a and 50b. Otherwise, the representation of Figure 8 corresponds to that of Figure 7. In the event of a winding failure, another winding can also be used here for emergency operation. This arrangement can also be used without a detent magnet and the associated coils 50a and 50b.
- FIG. 9 shows two windings 61 and 62 for an electromagnet, which can be controlled in different ways by a microprocessor 63.
- the winding 61 can be controlled separately by 42V by means of the output stages 64 and 66 controlled by the microprocessor 63.
- 12V can also be activated via the output stages 65 and 66.
- the winding 62 can be controlled with 42V by means of an output stage 67 controlled by a microprocessor 63.
- the output stages 65 and 68 it is possible to control the series connection of the two windings 61 and 62 with 12V.
- the microprocessor 63 Via the lines 69 and 70 at the end of the shunts, the microprocessor 63 can detect the failure of one of the windings 61 or 62 and an output stage and utilize the existing redundancy by means of a corresponding circuit.
- the coil 61 with 12V and coil 62 with 42V can be operated simultaneously, that is in parallel. This results in electrical power consumption that differs by a factor of 50 or power differences that differ by a factor of 10 for the same (I x n).
- the time constants are roughly the same ratio as the performances.
- both coils are designed differently in the number of turns, e.g. B. winding 62 with a higher number of turns in order to achieve low power for holding, a further voltage source 71 with a correspondingly higher voltage must be switched on so that the failure of the coil 61 can cause the current rise in 62 to occur quickly enough.
- 11 shows an electromagnet in which the two magnet yokes 80 and 81 are divided. Each of the partial yokes 80a and 80b, or 81a and 81b here carries a partial winding 82a to 82d. All four windings together form the winding for the electromagnet, whereby there are several connection options. The parallel connection shown is preferably used.
- the excitation per half of the yoke is divided in both coils, so that, for. B. both together have the number of turns of an undivided yoke, but have twice the resistance.
- the total number of ampere turns of both coils is equal to one single coil per undivided yoke. This results in the considerable reduction in the time constant mentioned at the beginning.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19731381 | 1997-07-22 | ||
DE19731381A DE19731381A1 (en) | 1997-07-22 | 1997-07-22 | Electromagnetic setting device for i.c. engine valve |
DE19741570 | 1997-09-20 | ||
DE19741570A DE19741570A1 (en) | 1997-09-20 | 1997-09-20 | Electromagnetic actuator for controlling valve |
PCT/EP1998/004515 WO1999006677A1 (en) | 1997-07-22 | 1998-07-22 | Electromagnetic control device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0998623A1 true EP0998623A1 (en) | 2000-05-10 |
EP0998623B1 EP0998623B1 (en) | 2002-12-18 |
Family
ID=26038461
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98951298A Expired - Lifetime EP0998623B1 (en) | 1997-07-22 | 1998-07-22 | Electromagnetic control device |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0998623B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59806749D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999006677A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2019396A1 (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-28 | Schneider Electric Industries SAS | Electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19955079A1 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 2000-05-25 | Heinz Leiber | Electromagnetic drive for operation of i.c. engine valve has armature and cooperating electromagnets each provided with depth to width ratio of greater than 1.5 |
DE19948489A1 (en) * | 1999-10-07 | 2001-04-12 | Heinz Leiber | Electromagnetic actuator |
FR2803626B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2002-11-29 | Magneti Marelli France | DIRECT INJECTION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH CONTROLLED VALVES |
US7152558B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 | 2006-12-26 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Electromechanical valve actuator assembly |
US7089894B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 | 2006-08-15 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Electromechanical valve actuator assembly |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3500530A1 (en) | 1985-01-09 | 1986-07-10 | Binder Magnete GmbH, 7730 Villingen-Schwenningen | Device for the electromagnetic control of piston valves |
DE3546513A1 (en) | 1985-04-25 | 1987-02-19 | Kloeckner Wolfgang Dr | Method and circuit for operating a gas inlet or exhaust valve |
JP2707127B2 (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1998-01-28 | 株式会社いすゞセラミックス研究所 | Electromagnetic valve drive |
US5022359A (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1991-06-11 | North American Philips Corporation | Actuator with energy recovery return |
DE4426021A1 (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1996-01-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method and device for controlling an electromagnetic consumer |
DE19610468B4 (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 2008-04-24 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh | Method for load-dependent control of gas exchange valves on a reciprocating internal combustion engine |
DE29703585U1 (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1998-06-25 | Fev Motorentech Gmbh & Co Kg | Electromagnetic actuator with magnetic impact damping |
-
1998
- 1998-07-22 EP EP98951298A patent/EP0998623B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-22 DE DE59806749T patent/DE59806749D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-22 WO PCT/EP1998/004515 patent/WO1999006677A1/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9906677A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2019396A1 (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-28 | Schneider Electric Industries SAS | Electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59806749D1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
WO1999006677A1 (en) | 1999-02-11 |
EP0998623B1 (en) | 2002-12-18 |
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