EP0996310B1 - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Ortes und der Schalleistung von Ersatzschallquellen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Ortes und der Schalleistung von Ersatzschallquellen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0996310B1 EP0996310B1 EP19990810839 EP99810839A EP0996310B1 EP 0996310 B1 EP0996310 B1 EP 0996310B1 EP 19990810839 EP19990810839 EP 19990810839 EP 99810839 A EP99810839 A EP 99810839A EP 0996310 B1 EP0996310 B1 EP 0996310B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sound
- sound sources
- substitute
- sources
- receivers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
- H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers for combining the signals of two or more microphones
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining the location and the Sound power of replacement sound sources according to the generic term of independent claim.
- Determining the sound power from many different places today typically takes place with an arrangement of microphones (Array measurement technique).
- a microphone line (but also a surface arrangement of microphones) can be used.
- Such an arrangement for determining the sound power is described for example in EP-A-0.847.224.
- Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 17, no 481 JP-A-05 118906 discloses a deconvolution method for examining an object, in which the Object is excited with a special electrical signal. Purpose of this procedure is to reduce an influence of noise at low frequencies. It will be one Deconvolution carried out with a single, time-varying signal. In the Evaluation, the transfer function and the impulse response are determined.
- Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 12, no 368 JP-A-63 1202278 discloses a method for locating sound sources that have the same frequency to have.
- a measurement is carried out with two microphones, with a fixed one Microphone and a mobile.
- An evaluation is carried out with complex FFT spectra. The purpose of this procedure is to locate sources with the same frequency.
- EP-A-0 331 585 discloses a deconvolution method in which an arrangement of ".” multiple sound receivers the signature of a single sound source is determined.
- US-A-4 980 870 discloses a "beam forming" system. What is a “beamforming” operation is described in Column 2, lines 45 to 56 are described. The beamforming corresponds to the registration generating the curve S shown in FIG. 1 by means of the microphones received signals.
- a method as described by the features of the independent claim is characterized.
- acts it is a method for determining the location and the Sound power of substitute sound sources, in which method with the help of a Arrangement of several sound receivers first of all actually existing sound is received and the corresponding signals of the Sound receivers are evaluated, e.g. with the help of the "Delay & Sum "method or with the help of other methods one or more essentially point-shaped substitute sound sources are determined, the determination of the location and the sound power of the individual in Substantially point-shaped substitute sound sources take place in such a way that the Superposition of the sound they generate as closely as possible total sound actually received by the sound receivers.
- the fact that the sound actually received is quasi "simulated" due to the sound from essentially point-shaped substitute sound sources a resolution that can be achieved with conventional methods long ago would push boundaries.
- the location is determined and the sound power of the essentially point-shaped substitute sound sources a deconvolution of those signals of the sound receivers has been carried out, that correspond to the sound actually received.
- a deconvolution of those signals of the sound receivers can be associated with the respective arrangement of sound receivers Focus club are taken into account.
- Deconvolution can be done in such a way that the weighted contribution from several fictitious, essentially punctiform sound sources on several different locations is taken into account. With the help of the weighted contribution These fictitious sound sources can then be the location and the sound power of the Substitute sound sources can be determined.
- the weighting can be general so that the coefficients with which the individual fictitious Sound sources are weighted, in principle negative, positive or zero could be.
- Weighting of fictitious sound sources can only be positive or zero.
- This Variant corresponds to physical reality because it only has sound sources positive sound power or with sound power zero (no sound source).
- Determining the location and the sound power of the essentially point-shaped substitute sound sources can then specifically with the measure that the mean squared error between the actually of the sound receivers and the sound received by the essential point-shaped substitute sound sources generated sound is minimal.
- Another variant is characterized in that the Determination of the location and the sound power of the essentially punctiform substitute sound sources take place in such a way that the actually received sound signals from the local area into a "local" (in Difference to a temporal) frequency range can be transformed. There they are divided by a signal which corresponds to that from the local area in the local frequency range transformed signal of the focus lobe of the Arrangement of sound receivers corresponds. That from this division resulting signal is from the local frequency range in the Local area transformed back.
- This variant takes into account that the signal is a point Sound source in the local area with the focus lobe of the arrangement of Sound receivers must be folded in order to actually exist Sound.
- a fold in the local area corresponds to one Multiplication in the local frequency range. Because the actual one Sound and the focal lobe of the arrangement of sound receivers known are, but not the location of the point replacement sound source, must be in the local frequency range a division of the actually existing sound by means of the signal corresponding to the focus lobe. That from this The resulting signal must then be returned to the local area be transformed back.
- Fig. 1 an example of actually existing sound S is shown (the Ordinate is e.g. a measure of the sound power), such as that of the microphones of a microphone line (not shown) has been received.
- the Ordinate is e.g. a measure of the sound power
- the microphones of a microphone line not shown
- Microphone arrangements suitable for this are already mentioned in the introduction known EP-A-0.847.224 known. It doesn't have to be one Acting a "one-dimensional" microphone line, it is very possible to use one to use two-dimensional microphone arrangement. You can see that Sound occurs over a local area that is from the negative X coordinate -2 extends to the positive X coordinate 1.5. However, it is not possible to get more information about the exact distribution of sound sources do.
- FIG. 2 shows a signal which is received by the microphone line has been.
- This signal is from a point sound source with a normalized sound power at the X coordinate 0 in a given Distance from the microphone line has been created, i.e. the focus club of the Microphone line has been taken into account.
- the goal is now, but not otherwise further resolvable local distribution of the sound from FIG. 1 resolve by the sound actually received by the microphone line is simulated as exactly as possible by substitute sound sources. Because exactly punctual sound sources do not exist in reality, one speaks often from essentially punctiform sound sources. With the signal in FIG. 2 you can see that a point-shaped sound source at the X coordinate 0 at the microphone line produces a signal which differs from the X coordinate -1 extends to positive X coordinate 1.
- Fig. 3 you can see that the actually existing sound is simulated has been through the superposition of signals S1, S2, S3 from three onwards point-shaped arranged at different X coordinates Substitute sound sources with different sound power.
- the single ones Solid lines S1, S2, S3 each correspond to the signal a certain place with a given distance from the Microphone line arranged point-like sound source, as easily from a Comparison with Fig. 2 can be seen.
- the dashed line in Fig. 3 shows the Course of the actually existing sound S from FIG. 1, which is the Superposition of the signals S1, S2, S3 of the three punctiform Substitute sound sources correspond to different sound power. It is one Deconvolution of the sound S actually present from FIG. 1 Have been carried out.
- FIG. 4 it results from FIG. 3 that in one specified distance from the microphone line at the X coordinate -1 a Substitute sound source Q1 is arranged, also at the X coordinate -0.5 one Substitute sound source Q2 and finally one at the X coordinate 0.5 Substitute sound source Q3.
- the substitute sound sources Q1, Q2, Q3 each have one different sound power.
- the superimposition of the signals from the three Substitute sound sources result in the actual sound S from FIG. 1 is still that the triangular distribution of the substitute sound sources Dirac impacts at the above-mentioned X coordinates, which are due to the selected resolution for the X coordinate when printing a triangular Have shape.
- the difficulty with this procedure is to determine how many Substitute sound sources for an actually received sound S in one specified distance from the microphone line must be selected soft place they have to be arranged and which ones Sound power they must have to the actually received sound S reproduce as closely as possible.
- the first alternative is based on several fictitious sound sources, spread over the entire local area of interest in one predetermined distance from the microphone line are arranged.
- the The focus lobe of the microphone line points over the entire line of interest Area the same shape, it can - as explained at the beginning - electronically via the local area of interest bit by bit be pivoted. This depends on the swiveling interval of the focus lobe assumed fictitious sound sources are now using a Computer program weighted such that each fictitious sound source with a Weighted coefficient which is either positive, zero or negative.
- the requirement is that the sound S actually received is as good as is possible simulated by substitute sound sources, their respective location and their respective sound power can still be found.
- the second alternative is somewhat similar to the first alternative, but differs from it in that the coefficients with which the fictitious sound sources are to be weighted can only ever be positive or zero.
- This alternative is particularly advantageous because it takes physical reality into account from the start - there are only sound sources with positive sound power or with no sound power (sound power zero, no sound source).
- the criterion for determining the locations and the sound power of the substitute sound sources is such that the mean square error between the actual sound S and the sound generated by the substitute sound sources is ultimately minimal.
- a computer program suitable for this procedure is, for example, the computer program known from the company "The Math Works Inc., 24, Prime Park Way, Natick, MA 01760-1500, USA, known as” nnls "( n on n egative l east s quares) ".
- This calculation program is offered in an "Optimization Toolbox” of mathematical calculation programs for use together with the "Toolbox” MATLAB® already mentioned.
- the computer program "nnls" determines the locations and the sound power of the substitute sound sources under the above-mentioned requirement.
- the third alternative differs from the procedure basically of the two alternatives described above.
- This third alternative is namely the actually received sound S from the local area (FIG. 1) via a Fourier transformation (for example via a discrete Fourier transformation FFT) into a local one Frequency range transformed.
- a Fourier transformation for example via a discrete Fourier transformation FFT
- FFT discrete Fourier transformation
- Fig. 2 it results from an (to be determined) arrangement of Equivalent switching sources Q1, Q2, Q3 with a switching power to be determined and the signal coming from the microphone line from a punctiform Sound source is received, which is arranged at a specific location, the sound S by folding the respective (already weighted) Dirac collisions (Fig. 4) with the respective signal, which is the response of the Microphone line represents a point sound source (Fig. 2).
- the Results of this convolution are shown in Fig. 3 and become additive superimposed.
- a fold in the local area means nothing other than one Multiplication in a corresponding local frequency range.
- Dirac shocks are with the in the local frequency domain transformed signal which is the answer represents the microphone line to a punctiform sound source multiply to the one transformed into the local frequency domain Signal of the sound actually present.
- the local Distribution and weighting of Dirac shocks in the local area But finding out is exactly the problem to be solved. Accordingly, must thus the signal of the transformed into the local frequency range actually existing sounds are divided by the signal which the response of the microphone line to a punctiform sound source in the local Frequency range corresponds. This division then results in local Frequency range a signal which is in the local frequency range of Distribution and weighting of the Dirac shocks corresponds. By a Reverse transformation of this signal from the local frequency range into the The local area then results in the arrangement and the sound power of the Substitute sound sources.
- a computer program suitable for this procedure with which such a transformation can be carried out from the local area into the local frequency range and also a corresponding inverse transformation from the local frequency range into the local area, is under the name "fft ( f ast F ourier t ransformation) Well-known computer program from the company "The Math Works Inc., 24, Prime Park Way, Natick, MA 01760-1500, USA”. This program is offered in a "toolbox” of mathematical computer programs under the name MATLAB®. The computer program "fft” then determines the locations and the sound power of the substitute sound sources, with the proviso that the sound S actually received is simulated as well as possible by substitute sound sources.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- Ein Beispiel für tatsächliche vorhandenen Schall (Schalleistung), der mit Hilfe einer Anordnung von Schallempfängern empfangen und ausgewertet worden ist (z.B. mittels der "Delay & Sum" - Methode), aufgetragen über dem Ort,
- Fig. 2
- ein Beispiel für das von einer Anordnung von Schallempfängern empfangene Signal, welches von einer punktförmigen Schallquelle an einer normierten Stärke an einem vorgegebenen Ort erzeugt worden ist,
- Fig. 3
- eine Nachbildung des tatsächlich vorhandenen Schalls aus Fig. 1 durch drei Signale, die an drei verschiedenen Orten jeweils von einer punktförmigen Ersatzchallquelle einer unterschiedlichen Stärke erzeugt worden sind
- Fig. 4
- die zugehörige örtliche Verteilung der punktförmigen Ersatzchallquellen.
Claims (6)
- Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Ortes und der Schalleistung von Ersatzschallquellen, bei welchem Verfahren mit Hilfe einer Anordnung von mehreren Schallempfängern zunächst der tatsächlich vorhandene Schall (S) empfangen wird und die entsprechenden Signale der Schallempfänger ausgewertet werden, und bei welchem Verfahren dann eine oder mehrere im wesentlichen punktförmigen Ersatzschallquellen (Q1,Q2,Q3) bestimmt werden, wobei eine Dekonvolution zur Bestimmung des Ortes und der Schalleistung der einzelnen im wesentlichen punktförmigen Ersatzschallquellen (Q1,Q2,Q3) derart durchgeführt wird, dass die Überlagerung des von den Ersatzschallquellen erzeugten Schalls möglichst genau den gesamten von den Schallempfängern tatsächlich empfangenen Schall (S) ergibt, und die Dekonvolution derjenigen Signale der Schallempfänger durchgeführt wird, die dem tatsächlich empfangenen Schall (S) entsprechen.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Dekonvolution eine zu der jeweiligen Anordnung von Schallempfängern zugehörige Fokuskeule berücksichtigt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Dekonvolution der gewichtete Beitrag von mehreren fiktiven, im wesentlichen punktförmigen Schallquellen an mehreren verschiedenen Orten berücksichtigt wird, und dass mit Hilfe des gewichteten Beitrags dieser fiktiven Schallquellen dann der Ort und die Schalleistung der Ersatzschallquellen (Q1,Q2,Q3) ermittelt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gewichtung der fiktiven Schallquellen nur positiv oder null sein darf.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ermittelung des Ortes und der Schalleistung der im wesentlichen punktförmigen Ersatzschallquellen (Q1,Q2,Q3) mit der Massgabe erfolgt, dass der mittlere quadratische Fehler zwischen dem tatsächlich von den Schallempfängern empfangenen Schall (S) und dem durch die im wesentlichen punktförmigen Ersatzschallquellen (Q1,Q2,Q3) erzeugten Schall minimal ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dass die Ermittelung des Ortes und der Schalleistung der im wesentlichen punktförmigen Ersatzschallquellen derart erfolgt, dass die tatsächlich empfangenen Schallsignale aus dem Ortsbereich in einen örtlichen Frequenzbereich transformiert werden, dort durch ein Signal dividiert werden, welches dem aus dem Ortsbereich in den örtlichen Frequenzbereich transformierten Signal der Fokuskeule der Anordnung von Schallempfängern entspricht, und dass das aus dieser Division resultierende Signal aus dem örtlichen Frequenzbereich in den Orstbereich zurücktransformiert wird.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19990810839 EP0996310B1 (de) | 1998-10-19 | 1999-09-21 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Ortes und der Schalleistung von Ersatzschallquellen |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98811036 | 1998-10-19 | ||
| EP98811036 | 1998-10-19 | ||
| EP19990810839 EP0996310B1 (de) | 1998-10-19 | 1999-09-21 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Ortes und der Schalleistung von Ersatzschallquellen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0996310A1 EP0996310A1 (de) | 2000-04-26 |
| EP0996310B1 true EP0996310B1 (de) | 2004-04-14 |
Family
ID=26152059
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19990810839 Expired - Lifetime EP0996310B1 (de) | 1998-10-19 | 1999-09-21 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Ortes und der Schalleistung von Ersatzschallquellen |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0996310B1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63120228A (ja) * | 1986-11-10 | 1988-05-24 | Yoshida Kogyo Kk <Ykk> | 音の方向成分分離測定方法 |
| DE68911714T2 (de) * | 1988-03-04 | 1994-07-21 | Schlumberger Ltd | Dekonvolutionsverfahren von Charakteristiken einer unbekannten Quelle von unbekannten Wellenform-Daten. |
| US4980870A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1990-12-25 | Spivey Brett A | Array compensating beamformer |
| JP2867769B2 (ja) * | 1991-10-24 | 1999-03-10 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 音響測定方法およびその装置 |
| EP0847224A1 (de) * | 1996-12-04 | 1998-06-10 | Sulzer Innotec Ag | Vorrichtung zum Feststellen von Schallquellen und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Vorrichtung |
-
1999
- 1999-09-21 EP EP19990810839 patent/EP0996310B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0996310A1 (de) | 2000-04-26 |
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