EP0991867A1 - Hydraulic valve, especially for controlling a camshaft movement in an automobile - Google Patents
Hydraulic valve, especially for controlling a camshaft movement in an automobileInfo
- Publication number
- EP0991867A1 EP0991867A1 EP98924241A EP98924241A EP0991867A1 EP 0991867 A1 EP0991867 A1 EP 0991867A1 EP 98924241 A EP98924241 A EP 98924241A EP 98924241 A EP98924241 A EP 98924241A EP 0991867 A1 EP0991867 A1 EP 0991867A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- bushing
- hydraulic valve
- valve bushing
- face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
- F16K27/04—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves
- F16K27/041—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves cylindrical slide valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
- F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
- F15B13/044—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by electrically-controlled means, e.g. solenoids, torque-motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
- F16K27/04—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves
- F16K27/048—Electromagnetically actuated valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
- F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
- F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
- F01L2001/34423—Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
- F01L2001/34426—Oil control valves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7504—Removable valve head and seat unit
- Y10T137/7613—Threaded into valve casing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
- Y10T137/86574—Supply and exhaust
- Y10T137/86622—Motor-operated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
- Y10T137/86574—Supply and exhaust
- Y10T137/8667—Reciprocating valve
- Y10T137/86694—Piston valve
- Y10T137/86702—With internal flow passage
Definitions
- Hydraulic valve in particular for ⁇ controlling a camshaft adjustment in a motor vehicle
- the invention is based on a hydraulic valve which is used in particular for controlling a camshaft adjustment in a motor vehicle and which has the features from the preamble of claim 1.
- a hydraulic valve which has a valve bushing which can be inserted with an end face ahead into a receiving bore in a housing.
- the housing can e.g. the housing of an internal combustion engine.
- a control piston In an axial control bore of the valve bushing there is a control piston with which the pressure medium paths between an inlet channel, an outlet channel and a consumer channel can be controlled.
- One of these channels can extend axially from the receiving bore of the housing and lie in the same flow path with the opening of the control bore on the end face of the valve bushing.
- valve sleeve is assembled with an electromagnet, from which a control piston in the control bore of the valve sleeve can be moved closer to the end face of the valve sleeve against the force of a helical compression spring.
- the helical compression spring is supported on an inner shoulder of the valve bush and on a retaining ring which is attached to the control piston in the vicinity of the end of the control piston facing the electromagnet.
- a hydraulic valve with a similar structure is known from DE 44 22 742 AI.
- a control piston is displaceable in the control bore of a valve component, which is not designed as a valve bushing to be inserted into a housing, but rather directly represents a housing with external connections.
- the helical compression spring against the force of which the control piston can be moved by an electromagnet, is supported between the Control piston and a disc which is pressed into the control bore from an end of the housing facing away from the electromagnet. The spring force can be adjusted here by pushing the disk a greater or lesser distance into the control bore.
- valve housing, the control piston and the support disk for the helical compression spring are made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy in the valve according to DE 44 22 742 AI, which is produced in series for the automotive industry.
- a hydraulic valve with the features from the preamble of claim 1 is known from EP 0667 459 AI.
- the disk is screwed into the valve bushing, and an adjustment of the force of the helical compression spring clamped between the disk and the control piston is easily possible.
- the production of the threads on the disc and on the valve bushing and the screwing in of the disc is quite complex and expensive.
- the invention has for its object to make a hydraulic valve with the features from the preamble of claim 1 in terms of the manufacture of individual parts and in terms of assembly cheaper.
- the hydraulic valve with the features from the preamble is additionally equipped with the features from the characterizing part of claim 1. Accordingly, the washer is pressed into the control bore with a press fit, so that it itself and the valve bushing do not have to be provided with a thread and are therefore relatively simple to manufacture.
- the valve bushing is provided on the outside with an indentation located away from a pressure medium flow. This allows, despite a see different pressure medium channels tight fit between the valve bushing and the mounting hole of the housing to push the valve bushing into the mounting hole. A slight widening of the bushing in the area of the pressed-in disk does not lead to an excess of the valve bushing due to the screwing.
- a hydraulic valve is already known from DE 39 14 094 A1, in which a disc with a press fit is inserted into a valve bushing and the valve bushing has an indentation on the outside in the region of the disc.
- the disc consists of a plastic, so that it is not to be expected that the valve bushing, which is obviously made of a metallic material, will expand when the disc is pressed in.
- the recess lies in a pressure medium path, which includes axial openings in the disk, the region of the receiving bore in front of the valve bushing, the recess and a channel radially departing from the receiving bore in the region of the recess.
- the pressing of the disc has nothing to do with the screwing in on the outside of the valve bushing.
- valve bushing and the disk are made of at least largely the same materials with regard to their expansion coefficient. This ensures that the press fit between the disc and the valve bushing is maintained over a wide temperature range.
- the valve bushing and the disk are preferably each made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. It is advantageous if, according to claim 5, the distance of the end of the recess from the end face of the valve bushing is greater than the distance of the end of the pressing section between the valve bushing and the disk, which is further away from the end face, from the end face. The ratio of the distances is preferably between 1.5 and 2.0.
- the depth of the recess is preferably less than 10% of the wall thickness of the valve bushing. In comparison to the depth of an annular groove on the valve bushing which is open to the outside and lies in a pressure medium flow path, the recess is then much less deep.
- a metallic housing 10 can be seen in some areas, which e.g. Is part of the engine block of a motor vehicle.
- a mounting hole 12 for a valve bushing 13 is made in the housing 10 from a mounting surface 11.
- the latter can be seen as a tubular component that has constant outer and inner diameters over its entire length and whose outer surface and inner surface are interrupted by various twists. Over most of the length of the receiving bore 12, its diameter is matched to the outer diameter of the valve bushing 13 in such a way that the valve bushing can be inserted into the receiving bore by suction.
- the receiving bore 12 Towards the mounting surface 11, the receiving bore 12 has a section with an enlarged diameter, which is provided with an internal thread 14.
- a pressure medium channel 15 extends axially from the bottom of the receiving bore 12. Three further pressure medium channels 16, 17 and 18 open radially into the receiving bore 12.
- the valve bushing 13 is inserted into a blind bore of a pole core 19 of an electromagnet 20 and is pressed therein held by material of the pole core in a recess 21.
- the pole core 19 is provided on an axial extension with an external thread 22 and thus screwed into the internal thread 14 of the receiving bore 12.
- the pressure medium channels 16, 17 and 18 of the housing 10 are assigned annular grooves 27, 28 and 29 of the valve bushing 13 which are open to the outside.
- a plurality of radial bores 30 lead from the central annular groove 28 into the continuous inner bore of the valve bush 13, which serves as a control bore 31.
- the annular grooves 27 and 29 are arranged via radial bores 32 and 33 with axially offset to them and open inwardly to the control bore 31 towards the annular grooves 34 and 35 connected.
- a control piston 36 is axially displaceable, with which the pressure medium paths between the channels 15, 16, 17 and 18 can be controlled.
- the control piston 36 can be acted upon by a plunger 37 of the electromagnet on a front side facing the electromagnet 20 and can be moved by the electromagnet against the force of a helical compression spring 38 in the direction of the bottom of the receiving bore 12 and closer to the front side 39 facing this bottom Valve bushing 13 can be moved.
- the helical compression spring is clamped between the control piston 36 and a disk 40, which is pressed into the control bore 31 of the valve bushing 13 with a press fit from the end face 39.
- the disk 40 is provided with a central passage 41.
- the pressing distance between the disk 40 and the valve sleeve 13 is slightly smaller than the axial extent of the disk 40, since the latter has an insertion bevel 42 au.
- valve bushing 13 and the disk 40 are made of the same aluminum alloy and therefore have the same thermal expansion Coefficients and therefore remain firmly connected in a wide temperature range.
- valve bushing 13 When the disk 40 is pressed into the control bore 31, the valve bushing 13 widens slightly. So that this widening does not lead to difficulties when inserting the valve bushing 13 into the receiving bore 12, the valve bushing 13 has an indentation 45 on its outside 39, the depth of which in the radial direction is substantially less than the depth of the annular grooves 27, 28 or 29.
- the recess is e.g. 0.5 mm deep and is therefore only about 6% of the wall thickness of the valve bushing 13 given by the outside and inside diameter.
- the recess 45 extends over the pressing distance between the disk 40 and the valve bushing 13.
- the end of the recess 45 is approximately 1.75 times as far from the end face 39 of the valve sleeve 13 as the end of the pressing section between the disk 40 and the valve sleeve 13 located at the transition to the insertion bevel 42 of the disk 40.
- Such a length the recess 45 effectively prevents an excess of the valve bushing 13 caused by the pressing in of the disk 40.
- the sealing length between the annular groove 29 and the recess 45 on the outside of the valve bushing 13 is still long enough to prevent the leakage of pressure medium between the channels 15 and keep 18 low.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19727180A DE19727180C2 (en) | 1997-06-26 | 1997-06-26 | Hydraulic valve, in particular for controlling a camshaft adjustment in a motor vehicle |
DE19727180 | 1997-06-26 | ||
PCT/EP1998/002525 WO1999000602A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 | 1998-04-29 | Hydraulic valve, especially for controlling a camshaft movement in an automobile |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0991867A1 true EP0991867A1 (en) | 2000-04-12 |
EP0991867B1 EP0991867B1 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
Family
ID=7833738
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98924241A Expired - Lifetime EP0991867B1 (en) | 1997-06-26 | 1998-04-29 | Hydraulic valve, especially for controlling a camshaft movement in an automobile |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6289921B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0991867B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002506507A (en) |
DE (2) | DE19727180C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999000602A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (47)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19853670C5 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2019-01-10 | Hilite Germany Gmbh | Camshaft adjustment device |
DE10037793B4 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2007-05-24 | Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh | Solenoid valve, in particular pressure control valve |
ITBO20010092A1 (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-08-20 | Magneti Marelli Spa | ELECTROHYDRAULIC DEVICE FOR ACTIVATING THE VALVES OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE |
JP2002286151A (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2002-10-03 | Denso Corp | Solenoid valve |
DE10150238C2 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2003-09-25 | Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh | Pressure regulating valve, in particular proportional pressure regulating valve |
DE10223431B4 (en) | 2002-05-25 | 2004-07-08 | Ina-Schaeffler Kg | Internal combustion engine with at least two camshafts arranged side by side, each with a device for adjusting the angle of rotation relative to a crankshaft |
DE10229912B4 (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2012-12-13 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Electromagnetic hydraulic valve, in particular proportional valve for controlling a device for adjusting the rotational angle of a camshaft relative to a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine |
DE20210450U1 (en) | 2002-07-05 | 2002-09-12 | NAU Steuerungstechnik GmbH, 27777 Ganderkesee | Valve |
DE10300974A1 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2004-07-22 | Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh | Proportional solenoid valve of a camshaft adjustment device for motor vehicles |
DE10308074A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-09 | Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh | Valve, preferably proportional solenoid valve |
DE10325177A1 (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2005-01-05 | Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh | Valve |
DE102004025215A1 (en) * | 2004-05-22 | 2005-12-08 | Ina-Schaeffler Kg | Phaser |
DE102005037480A1 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-15 | Schaeffler Kg | Control valve and method of making the same |
DE102005047641A1 (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-12 | Schaeffler Kg | Control valve for a camshaft adjuster |
DE102005048732B4 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2024-07-25 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Electromagnetic actuator of a hydraulic directional control valve |
JP2007146830A (en) | 2005-10-31 | 2007-06-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Hydraulic control system for internal combustion engine |
US8387644B2 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2013-03-05 | Saturn Electronics & Engineering, Inc. | Solenoid operated fluid control valve |
DE102007042046A1 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-12 | Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh | Drive motor, has camshaft adjuster with electromagnetic hydraulic valve, and housing with form fit engaging region and thread for screwing valve with solid casting or forging housing part of motor |
DE102008037981B4 (en) | 2007-10-02 | 2023-01-26 | Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH | slide valve |
DE102008006377A1 (en) | 2008-01-29 | 2009-07-30 | Schaeffler Kg | Hydraulic valve unit for control valve for controlling hydraulic fluid flows for use in camshaft adjuster, has valve housing with multiple fluid channels that penetrate housing wall and opens into housing cavity |
US8127786B2 (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2012-03-06 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Proportional selector valve for selecting between two pressure sources |
KR101788872B1 (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2017-10-20 | 이턴 코포레이션 | Valve manifold |
US8602060B2 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2013-12-10 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Multiplexing control valve |
DE102008059013A1 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-05-27 | Schaeffler Kg | Electromagnetic actuator |
DE102009008056A1 (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-12 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Control valves for controlling pressure medium flows |
DE102009024026B4 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2022-12-08 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Control valve for controlling the flow of pressure medium with an integrated non-return valve |
DE102009051310A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-05 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fastening arrangement of a camshaft adjuster |
DE102009054050A1 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Switchable device for supplying pressure to lubricating oil system of internal-combustion engine, has braking device switched into switched-off condition, in which rotating motion of screw pillar is not prevented |
DE102009054053A1 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pressure reservoir for hydraulic system, has housing, movable element and energy storage, where movable element is arranged within housing |
DE102009054055A1 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Switchable device for pressure supply |
DE102009054051A1 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Switchable device for pressure supply with passive additional pressure accumulator |
DE102009054052B4 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2018-08-23 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Switchable device for pressure supply |
DE102010039918A1 (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2012-03-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Pressure control valve in slide construction with improved damping behavior |
DE102010050812A1 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2012-05-10 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Valve housing for a control valve of a camshaft adjustment system, and method for producing a valve housing |
US8573559B1 (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2013-11-05 | Husco Automotive Holdings, LLC | Control valve with area independent pressure sensing |
US20150101674A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2015-04-16 | Hydril Usa Distribution, Llc | Subsea pressure regulator |
US9752465B2 (en) | 2014-09-03 | 2017-09-05 | Denso Corporation | Valve timing controller |
US10018269B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2018-07-10 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Normally high acting linear force solenoid |
DE102015200543B4 (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2020-11-05 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Control valve with drain channel and internal combustion engine |
CN108026798A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2018-05-11 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | Control valve for a camshaft adjuster |
DE102015016846A1 (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-29 | Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh | Valve, in particular 4/2 directional spool valve |
US10543345B2 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2020-01-28 | Easynotes Ltd. | Fluid delivery device with positionable tube |
DE102019210744A1 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fast-switching 2/2-way cartridge valve |
US11619311B2 (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2023-04-04 | The Boeing Company | Flow control valve, a method of assembly, and a hydraulic system |
US11754193B2 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2023-09-12 | Republic Oil Tool, LLC | Two-way chemical injection valve |
US11261765B1 (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-03-01 | Borgwamer Inc. | Control valve assembly of a variable cam timing phaser |
CN215487921U (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2022-01-11 | 亘帝企业有限公司 | Fluid pressure proportional valve |
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-
1997
- 1997-06-26 DE DE19727180A patent/DE19727180C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-04-29 DE DE59810411T patent/DE59810411D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-29 WO PCT/EP1998/002525 patent/WO1999000602A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-04-29 JP JP50523199A patent/JP2002506507A/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-04-29 US US09/446,840 patent/US6289921B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-29 EP EP98924241A patent/EP0991867B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9900602A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59810411D1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
DE19727180A1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
DE19727180C2 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
JP2002506507A (en) | 2002-02-26 |
WO1999000602A1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
US6289921B1 (en) | 2001-09-18 |
EP0991867B1 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
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