EP0981931B1 - Four a induction pour la fusion de metaux - Google Patents
Four a induction pour la fusion de metaux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0981931B1 EP0981931B1 EP98925719A EP98925719A EP0981931B1 EP 0981931 B1 EP0981931 B1 EP 0981931B1 EP 98925719 A EP98925719 A EP 98925719A EP 98925719 A EP98925719 A EP 98925719A EP 0981931 B1 EP0981931 B1 EP 0981931B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cavity
- zones
- branch
- induction
- lateral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/22—Furnaces without an endless core
- H05B6/24—Crucible furnaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an induction heating device for raising the temperature of metals with a view to their hot melting or transformation, this device comprising at least one cavity defined by a pocket arranged for receive metals intended to be brought to a temperature greater than or equal to their melting temperature or by an oven arranged to receive metal billets intended to be brought to a temperature below their melting temperature, this temperature being determined for forging metals, as well as means of induction heating of said pocket or said oven.
- Induction heaters are well known in the art of metal smelting, forging metal billets for hot machining, the transformation or production of metals or alloys.
- the induction coil (s) are wound around the cavity receiving the metal and are usually cooled by a cooling circuit at water. There may be a risk of leaks in the cooling system, which is fully prescribed for working with molten metals.
- the yield obtained by this configuration does not generally exceed 40 to 60%. This efficiency is proportional to the ratio of the area of the inductor and the area of tank.
- the magnetic field created by the induction coils is a field open. Consequently, the losses are substantial and amount to approximately 1/3 of the total power applied.
- all the magnetic fields are radial that is, the field lines cross the axis of the cavity and cross it axially right through. These magnetic fields create an induction current limited to the periphery of said cavity and generating a rise in temperature of the metal in this zone, the rest of the metal being heated by conduction. These different devices, and even the one providing for a rotating field, remain very efficient weak, the effective part of the field used for heating being reduced.
- the present invention proposes to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and to meet the requirements of the standards in force by means of a heating device by induction which achieves yields close to 80 to 95%, with smaller induction coils, with a higher power factor (cosine ⁇ of 0.8 instead of 0.05 or 0.1) and requiring less consumption of electrical energy.
- the present invention makes it possible to accelerate the rise in temperature therefore the metal smelting or hot machining, thus also saving money energy.
- the energy savings obtained by the present invention allow to consider a return on investment in about two years, which is commercially very appreciable.
- Each cylinder head advantageously comprises an elongated branch extending from end to other end of the cavity, arranged substantially parallel to the axis of this cavity and carrying at least one induction coil arranged to generate a said active heating zones.
- each cylinder head has a L-shaped profile and has said elongated branch and a side branch extending substantially perpendicular to said elongated branch and substantially radially with respect to one end of the cavity.
- Said cavity may be a pocket, said lateral branch extending radially by compared to the bottom of this pocket towards its center.
- each cylinder head has a U-shaped profile and has said elongated central branch and two branches lateral extending substantially perpendicular to said central branch elongated and substantially radially with respect to the two ends of the cavity.
- the cavity is preferably an oven and at least one of said lateral branches extends to near the longitudinal wall delimiting said cavity.
- each cylinder head has a shaped profile of C and comprises said elongated central branch and two lateral branches extending substantially perpendicular to said elongated central branch and substantially radially with respect to the two ends of the cavity.
- At least one of said lateral branches extends as close as possible of the side wall delimiting said cavity.
- Said cavity can be a pocket, one of the lateral branches extending radially relative to the bottom of this pocket and the other side branch being a free section attached to a cover intended to close said pocket and extending radially by relative to this cover until near the side wall delimiting said cavity.
- the cylinder head has an I-shape and comprises said elongated branch and two lateral branches extending substantially perpendicular to said elongated branch and substantially radially with respect to at both ends of the cavity.
- At least one of said lateral branches extends radially up to the proximity of the side wall delimiting said cavity.
- each of said coils extends substantially over the entire length of the elongated branch of each cylinder head.
- the heating means advantageously comprise a number n of cylinder heads evenly distributed around the periphery of the cavity.
- the coils can be supplied individually by an alternating electric current, this supply being shifted in phase from one coil to another, this shift in the supply of a reel to another which can be determined by an arithmetic progression.
- the different coils can also be powered by several generators arranged to create a rotating field.
- the induction heating device 10 comprises a cavity 11 formed by a pocket 12 generally made of a material refractory and intended to receive the metal to be melted, as well as heating means by induction arranged to raise the temperature of the metal by a magnetic flux until it merges.
- These heating means include independent magnetic yokes 13 arranged around the pocket 12 at a distance d sufficient to allow the setting places induction coils 14.
- Each cylinder head 13 has a general L shape comprising an elongated branch 13a substantially parallel to the axis of the pocket 12 and extending substantially over the entire height of said pocket 12 and a branch lateral 13b perpendicular to the elongated branch 13a and extending radially in direction of the bottom of said pocket 12.
- the ends of the branches 13a and 13b are curved to get as close as possible to the wall of the pocket 12.
- the cylinder heads 13 can have a C or I profile or even include that said elongated branch 13a.
- the elongated branch 13a magnetic yokes 13 extends substantially over the entire height of the pocket 12 and the lateral branch is oriented radially and preferably extends up to proximity to the wall of the pocket 12.
- the lateral branches may constitute a free section arranged perpendicularly to the branch elongated by folding, for example near the bottom of the pocket or by folding close to the upper edge of the pocket if these branches are attached under a cover to close the pocket.
- the side branches can extend to the center of the bottom of the pocket.
- these side branches can be profiled in such a way that they partially cover the bottom surface from the pocket.
- the two lateral branches 13b of the same cylinder head 13 do not both extend to the center of pocket 12, one at less should stop near the edge of this pocket.
- These magnetic yokes 13 are number n equal to eight (in FIGS. 1 and 2) and to six (in Figures 3 and 4) and are regularly arranged at equal distance one of the other all around pocket 12. This number is not limitative It may as well be lower than higher, even or odd, depending on the type of pocket and its notebook loads: capacity in tonnes of metal, heating power, etc.
- a tank 15 for protection and insulation may be provided with a cover or a door (not shown), this tank being tilting mount on a chassis or a stem not shown around an axis articulation 16 passing through two ears 17 secured to said tank 15.
- this tank 15 can be hermetically sealed or not and can be placed under air vacuum to optimize the functioning of the induction heating means. After the metal has melted, the cover or the door opens, the tank 15 swings around of its articulation 16 to empty the pocket 12 of its molten metal content in molds for example and in the same way as in art devices prior.
- Each induction coil 14 is arranged around the elongated branch 13a of each magnetic yoke 13 and extends substantially over its entire length. These induction coils 14 are supplied individually by an alternating current and generate a magnetic flux, the field lines of which are shown in the figure 6A. Thanks to the magnetic yokes 13, this magnetic flux is channeled, directed and closed in an inner peripheral zone of the pocket 12 near said cylinder head, through the metal to be heated. Only a small part of the flow goes to outside. The losses are then low.
- Figure 6B illustrates the field lines of a device of the prior art which is not equipped with a magnetic yoke and allows visualize very clearly the improvement in the concentration of the field lines around of the pocket 12 obtained using the device of the invention with reference to FIG. 6A.
- the coils14 are all oriented in the same direction, their north pole being placed on one side of the cylinder heads and their south pole on the other side.
- the poles of the same nature repel each other by repelling their respective magnetic fields, thus creating zones of zero magnetic field 40 alternating with non-zero field areas 41, shown schematically on the Figure 7A. Therefore, the nonzero field areas are centered on radial planes 42 passing through the cylinder head axes 13 and extending on either side of a zone of maximum field, near the periphery of the cavity 11.
- These non-field fields null 41 thus include a central zone of maximum field and two zones with decreasing field gradient arranged on either side of the field area maximum up to the neighboring zero field areas 40.
- the null field zones 40 delimit active zones 41, constituted by the zones of maximum field and the field areas with decreasing field gradient, corresponding metal heating zones. Therefore, unlike the devices of the prior art in which the heating zones 51 extend over the periphery of the ends of the cavity 11 as shown in FIG. 7B, the active heating zones 41 are delimited on defined angular portions of the periphery of said cavity 11.
- the magnetic field induces a current 43 generating a heating power, this current being forced to close on it even forming a loop in this active area, whereas in the devices of the art anterior, the induced current 53 extends all around the periphery of the cavity.
- the induced current generates a heating power directly proportional to the volume of metal traversed by said current. Therefore, the fact that the currents induced 43 by the coils 14 are located in said zones active 41 significantly increases the volume of metal traversed by all of the induced currents, in comparison with the volume of metal traversed by the current induced on the periphery. The result is an increase in the volume of metal heated for the same induced current and therefore much better performance.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B make it possible to compare the distribution of the power of heating between the devices of the prior art and that of the invention, the zones white representing the highest heating power, this power going decreasing in darker areas. At these different power levels of heating of course correspond to different temperature levels.
- These figures are illustrations of real tests carried out for the same induced current therefore the same magnetic field generated by each coil.
- the white areas correspond to the heating areas 51 and are limited to the periphery of the ends of the cavity, the interior being completely dark.
- FIG. 8A which illustrates the present invention, the white areas are distributed on the periphery of the cavity and over its entire length.
- the distance d which separates the elongated branch 13a from the magnetic yoke 13 supporting the induction coil 14 of the pocket 12 can be relatively large to increase the thickness of the refractory walls of the pocket 12 and limit heat losses.
- induction coils 14 of smaller diameters, weaker powers and stronger power factors than those of art can be used. Therefore, the Joules effect losses are also limited and the induction coils 14 do not need to be cooled by specific water circulation. Air ventilation is sufficient to ensure their cooling.
- the temperature of the metal rises more quickly in certain areas causing displacement or mixing automatic between hot and cold metal masses, so that at their their temperature also rises until a homogeneous molten mixture is obtained.
- This brewing is greatly improved and accelerated by individually feeding the induction coils 14 with an offset of the supply from one coil to the next and so on, clockwise or vice versa.
- This shift in feeding phase generates inside the pocket 12 a circumferential mixing and helical metal.
- the direct consequence of this form of mixing is a faster homogenization of the temperature gradient in the metal allowing significantly shorten the time required for softening and melting resulting in significant energy savings.
- This forced mixing can be also obtained by supplying each coil with an independent generator. All the generators can then be synchronized so as to obtain a rotating field creating the effect of a helix in the molten metal.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the device 30 comprises a cavity 31 formed by an oven 32 generally produced in a refractory material and intended to receive metal billets 35 to be machined hot as well as induction heating means 33, 34 arranged to raise the temperature said billets at a temperature below their melting temperature, by a flow magnetic.
- These heating means include, as in the previous example independent magnetic yokes 33 arranged longitudinally around the oven 32 and at a distance d sufficient to accommodate induction coils 34.
- Each cylinder head 33 has an elongated central branch 33a and at least one branch lateral 33b, 33c perpendicular to the elongated central branch 33a.
- Branch elongated central unit 33a of the magnetic yokes 33 extends substantially over the entire length of the oven 32 and the two end branches 33b and 33c extend radially up to near the furnace 32.
- the cylinder heads 33 have a general U-shape.
- Each induction coil 34 is arranged around the elongated central branch 33a of each magnetic yoke 33 and extends substantially over its entire length.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described but extends any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art.
- the number of magnetic yokes and induction coils is not limited.
- the shape of the cylinder heads can vary depending on the pocket or the oven.
- the cylinder heads can also be formed from several free sections. The management of the supply of the coils can also be delayed.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Description
- la protection des personnes contre les champs électromagnétiques, déterminée par les normes françaises et les directives européennes (CENELEC et DG5),
- le rendement, et
- la sécurité (il faut éviter absolument tout contact de l'eau avec le métal en fusion).
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un dispositif selon l'invention destiné à la fusion du métal,
- la figure 2 est une vue de dessus en coupe suivant les flèches II-II du four de la figure 1,
- les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues en perspective du dispositif de la figure 1 respectivement vue de dessus et vue de dessous,
- la figure 5 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un dispositif selon l'invention destiné au forgeage du métal,
- les figures 6A et 6B sont des schémas représentant les lignes du champ magnétique respectivement du dispositif de l'invention et d'un dispositif classique,
- les figures 7A et 7B représentent la cavité en vue de dessus et schématiquement la circulation des courants induits respectivement du dispositif de l'invention et d'un dispositif classique, et
- les figures 8A et 8B sont des schémas représentant la répartition de la puissance de chauffage respectivement du dispositif de l'invention et d'un dispositif classique.
Claims (16)
- Dispositif de chauffage par induction (10, 30) pour élever la température de métaux en vue de leur fusion ou de leur transformation à chaud, ce dispositif comportant au moins une cavité (11, 31) définie par une poche (12) agencée pour recevoir des métaux destinés à être portés à une température supérieure ou égale à leur température de fusion ou par un four (32) agencé pour recevoir des billettes de métal destinées à être chauffées à une température inférieure à leur température de fusion, cette température étant déterminée pour forger les métaux, ainsi que des moyens de chauffage par induction (13, 14, 33, 34) de ladite poche (12) ou dudit four (32), lesdits moyens de chauffage par induction comportant au moins deux culasses magnétiques (13, 33) disposées autour de cette cavité (11, 31), s'étendant sur la hauteur de la cavité (11, 31), et portant chacune au moins une bobine d'induction (14, 34) indépendante, caractérisé en ce que les bobines d'induction (14, 34) sont montées dans le même sens de sorte que leur pôle nord est localisé d'un côté de la cavité (11, 31) et leur pôle sud du côté opposé, en ce qu'elles sont agencées de manière à générer des zones de champ magnétique nul (40) disposées alternativement entre des zones de champ non nul (41) réparties à la périphérie de la cavité, les zones de champ non nul comportant chacune une zone de champ maximal associée à deux zones à gradient de champ décroissant disposées de part et d'autre de ladite zone de champ maximal et s'étendant jusqu'aux zones de champ nul (40) voisines, ainsi qu'une zone de champ nul (40) localisée au centre de cette cavité, les zones de champ non nul formant des zones actives de chauffage séparées par lesdites zones de champ nul formant des zones inactives.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque culasse (13, 33) comporte une branche allongée (13a, 33a) s'étendant d'une extrémité à l'autre extrémité de la cavité, disposée sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe de cette cavité (11, 31) et portant au moins une bobine d'induction (14, 34) agencée pour générer une desdites zones actives de chauffage (41).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque culasse (13) présente un profil en forme de L et comporte ladite branche allongée (13a) et une branche latérale (13b) s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à ladite branche allongée (13a) et sensiblement radialement par rapport à une extrémité de la cavité (11).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite cavité (11) est une poche (12) et en ce que ladite branche latérale (13b) s'étend radialement par rapport au fond de cette poche en direction de son centre.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque culasse (33) présente un profil en forme de U et comporte ladite branche centrale allongée (33a) et deux branches latérales (33b, 33c) s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à ladite branche centrale allongée (33a) et sensiblement radialement par rapport aux deux extrémités de la cavité (31).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite cavité (31) est une four (32) et en ce qu'au moins une desdites branches latérales (33b, 33c) s'étend jusqu'à proximité de la paroi longitudinale délimitant ladite cavité (31).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque culasse présente un profil en forme de C et comporte ladite branche centrale allongée et deux branches latérales s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à ladite branche centrale allongée et sensiblement radialement par rapport aux deux extrémités de la cavité (11).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une desdites branches latérales s'étend jusqu'à proximité de la paroi latérale délimitant ladite cavité (11).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ladite cavité (11) est une poche (12), en ce qu'une des branches latérales s'étend radialement par rapport au fond de cette poche et en ce que l'autre branche latérale est un tronçon libre rapporté à un couvercle destiné à fermer ladite poche et s'étendant radialement par rapport à ce couvercle jusqu'à proximité de la paroi latérale délimitant ladite cavité (11).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la culasse présente une forme en I et comporte ladite branche allongée et deux branches latérales s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à ladite branche allongée et sensiblement radialement par rapport aux deux extrémités de la cavité.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une desdites branches latérales s'étend radialement jusqu'à proximité de la paroi latérale délimitant ladite cavité.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que chacune desdites bobines (14, 34) s'étend sensiblement sur toute la longueur de la branche allongée (13a, 33a) de chaque culasse (13, 33).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de chauffage comportent un nombre n de culasses (13, 33) réparties régulièrement à la périphérie de la cavité (11, 31).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les bobines (14, 34) sont alimentées individuellement par un courant électrique alternatif, cette alimentation étant décalée en phase d'une bobine à une autre.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que le décalage de l'alimentation d'une bobine à une autre est déterminé par une progression arithmétique.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les différentes bobines (14, 34) sont alimentées par plusieurs générateurs agencés pour créer un champ tournant.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9706279 | 1997-05-16 | ||
FR9706279 | 1997-05-16 | ||
PCT/FR1998/000971 WO1998053642A1 (fr) | 1997-05-16 | 1998-05-15 | Four a induction pour la fusion de metaux |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0981931A1 EP0981931A1 (fr) | 2000-03-01 |
EP0981931B1 true EP0981931B1 (fr) | 2002-02-20 |
Family
ID=9507136
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98925719A Expired - Lifetime EP0981931B1 (fr) | 1997-05-16 | 1998-05-15 | Four a induction pour la fusion de metaux |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6163562A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0981931B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001525981A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE213583T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU7773298A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69803927T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0981931T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2173588T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998053642A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2504877C (fr) * | 2002-11-06 | 2014-07-22 | Canitron Systems, Inc. | Outil de chauffage par induction et de chauffage ohmique de fond de trou et son procede d'utilisation |
US8653425B2 (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2014-02-18 | Bernard Lasko | Rotary applicator |
EP2820917B1 (fr) * | 2012-03-01 | 2016-04-20 | Inova Lab S.r.l. | Dispositif pour chauffage par induction d'une billette |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE266566C (fr) * | ||||
BE351671A (fr) * | ||||
DE277870C (fr) * | ||||
US1834725A (en) * | 1928-02-18 | 1931-12-01 | Ajax Electrothermic Corp | External field eliminator |
US1879360A (en) * | 1928-07-24 | 1932-09-27 | Ajax Electrothermic Corp | Electric induction furnace |
US5090022A (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1992-02-18 | Inductotherm Corp. | Cold crucible induction furnace |
-
1998
- 1998-05-15 US US09/423,732 patent/US6163562A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-15 WO PCT/FR1998/000971 patent/WO1998053642A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-05-15 AT AT98925719T patent/ATE213583T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-05-15 JP JP55003498A patent/JP2001525981A/ja active Pending
- 1998-05-15 DK DK98925719T patent/DK0981931T3/da active
- 1998-05-15 DE DE69803927T patent/DE69803927T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-15 AU AU77732/98A patent/AU7773298A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-05-15 ES ES98925719T patent/ES2173588T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-15 EP EP98925719A patent/EP0981931B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2173588T3 (es) | 2002-10-16 |
US6163562A (en) | 2000-12-19 |
ATE213583T1 (de) | 2002-03-15 |
AU7773298A (en) | 1998-12-11 |
WO1998053642A1 (fr) | 1998-11-26 |
DK0981931T3 (da) | 2002-06-10 |
DE69803927T2 (de) | 2002-11-07 |
DE69803927D1 (de) | 2002-03-28 |
JP2001525981A (ja) | 2001-12-11 |
EP0981931A1 (fr) | 2000-03-01 |
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