EP0979350B1 - Internal combustion engine multipoint injection module - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine multipoint injection module Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0979350B1 EP0979350B1 EP99904943A EP99904943A EP0979350B1 EP 0979350 B1 EP0979350 B1 EP 0979350B1 EP 99904943 A EP99904943 A EP 99904943A EP 99904943 A EP99904943 A EP 99904943A EP 0979350 B1 EP0979350 B1 EP 0979350B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- injection
- module according
- injectors
- module
- function
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2432—Methods of calibration
- F02D41/2435—Methods of calibration characterised by the writing medium, e.g. bar code
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
- F02D41/2464—Characteristics of actuators
- F02D41/2467—Characteristics of actuators for injectors
Definitions
- the invention relates to multi-point injection devices electronically controlled for combustion engine internal and more particularly an injection module belonging to such a device and comprising a ramp intended to be connected to a supply pump and several injectors connected to the ramp and each provided with means electrically open and close.
- the injectors are manufactured to meet a nominal characteristic that is desired to be linear.
- the figure 1 shows in thick line a nominal characteristic that can be considered representative.
- the amount injected, at constant pressure difference between the supply and the combustion chamber, is a function substantially opening time. In practice, manufacturing tolerances cause dispersions, especially for short injection times.
- the curve in thin line in Figure 1 shows an example of a characteristic real. To be acceptable, the injectors must have a characteristic whose deviation from the setpoint characteristic does not exceed a percentage determined, for example +/- 5%. To fulfill this condition, each injector manufactured is subjected to bench tests and one seeks, by trial and error, the preload of the spring which allows you to get as close as possible to the setpoint characteristic. These are long operations which allow only the surplus to compensate for deviations limited, since we act globally on the characteristic.
- JP 07 238857 A injectors connectable to an injection rail and each provided with a non-volatile memory containing the characteristics of the injector and capable of being individually connected to an injector control member.
- the invention presence aims to provide an injection module constituting an easily replaceable unit in block and allowing to tolerate relatively dispersions important characteristics of the injectors.
- the invention notably proposes a module injection device according to claim 1.
- Other features are given in the other claims.
- the function to be memorized is determined automatically, by recording the quantities injected for a number given fixed opening times spread over the operating dynamics. This function can then be memorized as a polynomial of sufficient degree or under cartographic form.
- the injection of fuel into a chamber is carried out under a differential pressure which varies depending on the engine operating parameters. he can be addressed by using a cartographic model with two inputs (injection time and differential pressure) or using a two polynomial variables. Since the calibration can be carried out automatically, the only manual operations being installation of the injector and its removal, it is possible to accept a very large number of measurement points, with injection times can vary within a very wide range wide, for example from 0.15 ms up to 10 ms. The variable main being the duration of injection, it will suffice to perform tests for 2 or 3 different differential pressures, on an automatic test bench.
- the memorized model must accompany the injector and be taken into account in its order by the calculation body.
- the model is memorized in a complete module including the injection rail and the injectors permanently attached to it, by example in a read only memory.
- the module can then be provided with a connector for connection with the calculation unit and with the power amplifier which is controlled by this calculation unit and opens the injectors.
- the connector is provided with a contact or contacts for copying representative models of the correction with respect to the nominal characteristic, with a view to copying it into the organ Calculation.
- the latter can then be programmed to take take into account the corrections over each actuation period nominal, to take into account the real characteristic of each injector.
- the module shown schematically in Figure 3 has a ramp injection 10 to which four injectors 12 are connected electrically operated.
- the ramp has a fitting 14 fuel supply, connected to a high pressure pump, possibly by a regulator.
- Each injector is provided an electrical connector 16 for connection to conductors contained in a strip 18 provided with a connector electrical terminal 20.
- the module has a non-volatile memory in which is responsible for the calibration function. In general this memory will only be accessible by reading from a contact of connector 20. However, it is possible to provide a memory that can be rewritten for a recalibration after using the module.
- the content of the module memory is intended to be transferred to the memory of an engine control computer at the end of the line vehicle integration. In an alternative embodiment, the module can simply be accompanied by a memory whose the content is transferred to the calculator at the end of the line integration.
- the module is completed by a pressure, for example piezoelectric, which can be connected to a nozzle 22.
- a second sensor (not shown) is then planned to determine the pressure in the chambers of combustion.
- the essential components involved in the implementation of the invention are indicated in FIG. 4.
- the functions in the dashed line s24 will generally fulfilled by the engine control computer, in which is transferred the function stored in the memory 26 which accompanies the module.
- the computer 24 can be looked like having a power management block 27 in engine fuel, which receives the operating parameters, such as the ⁇ position of the accelerator pedal, speed N, temperature ⁇ , etc. From these elements, block 27 can in particular develop a pressure of P0 fuel setpoint (dashed arrow in fig. 4). However, this set pressure P0 can also be developed by a separate element 28, depending for example pressure in the combustion chambers at the start of the exhaust.
- the pressure in the ramp 10 is measured by a sensor 30.
- An error term is developed in an adder 32 and supplied to a regulator 34 supplying the ramp 12.
- Block 28 shown receives an output signal from sensor 30 on a input 34.
- the correction according to the pressure can be performed in this block or in an additional block 36 which receives the output of a pressure sensor in the chambers combustion. Pressure in the boom can be applied on an entry 38 in the case where the corrections in function of the duration and depending on the differential pressure are cascaded.
- the corrected duration signal is applied to a power 40 for injector control 12.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne les dispositifs d'injection multi-points à commande électronique pour moteur à combustion interne et plus particulièrement un module d'injection appartenant à un tel dispositif et comprenant une rampe destinée à être reliée à une pompe d'alimentation et plusieurs injecteurs reliés à la rampe et munis chacun de moyens à commande électrique d'ouverture et de fermeture.The invention relates to multi-point injection devices electronically controlled for combustion engine internal and more particularly an injection module belonging to such a device and comprising a ramp intended to be connected to a supply pump and several injectors connected to the ramp and each provided with means electrically open and close.
Les injecteurs sont fabriqués pour répondre à une caractéristique nominale que l'on souhaite linéaire. La figure 1 montre en trait épais une caractéristique nominale que l'on peut considérer comme représentative. La quantité injectée, à différence de pression constante entre l'alimentation et la chambre de combustion, est une fonction sensiblement linéaire du temps d'ouverture. Dans la pratique, les tolérances de fabrication provoquent des dispersions, notamment pour les durées d'injection brèves. La courbe en trait fin sur la figure 1 montre un exemple de caractéristique réelle. Pour être acceptables, les injecteurs doivent avoir une caractéristique dont l'écart par rapport à la caractéristique de consigne ne dépasse pas un pourcentage déterminé, par exemple +/- 5%. Pour remplir cette condition, chaque injecteur fabriqué est soumis à des essais au banc et on recherche, par tâtonnements, la précontrainte du ressort de fermeture qui permet de se rapprocher au mieux de la caractéristique de consigne. Il s'agit d'opérations longues qui ne permettent au surplus que de compenser des écarts limités, puisqu'on agit de façon globale sur la caractéristique.The injectors are manufactured to meet a nominal characteristic that is desired to be linear. The figure 1 shows in thick line a nominal characteristic that can be considered representative. The amount injected, at constant pressure difference between the supply and the combustion chamber, is a function substantially opening time. In practice, manufacturing tolerances cause dispersions, especially for short injection times. The curve in thin line in Figure 1 shows an example of a characteristic real. To be acceptable, the injectors must have a characteristic whose deviation from the setpoint characteristic does not exceed a percentage determined, for example +/- 5%. To fulfill this condition, each injector manufactured is subjected to bench tests and one seeks, by trial and error, the preload of the spring which allows you to get as close as possible to the setpoint characteristic. These are long operations which allow only the surplus to compensate for deviations limited, since we act globally on the characteristic.
On connaít déjà (JP 07 238857 A) des injecteurs raccordables à une rampe d'injection et munis chacun d'une mémoire non volatile contenant les caractéristiques de l'injecteur et susceptible d'être reliée individuellement à un organe de commande des injecteurs.We already know (JP 07 238857 A) injectors connectable to an injection rail and each provided with a non-volatile memory containing the characteristics of the injector and capable of being individually connected to an injector control member.
La présence invention vise à fournir un module d'injection constituant un ensemble remplaçable aisement en bloc et permettant de tolérer des dispersions relativement importantes des caractéristiques des injecteurs. The invention presence aims to provide an injection module constituting an easily replaceable unit in block and allowing to tolerate relatively dispersions important characteristics of the injectors.
Dans ce but, l'invention propose notamment un module d'injection suivant la revendication 1. D'autres caractéristiques sont données dans les autres revendications.To this end, the invention notably proposes a module injection device according to claim 1. Other features are given in the other claims.
La fonction à mémoriser est déterminée de façon automatique, par relevé des quantités injectées pour un nombre donné de durées d'ouverture déterminées réparties sur la dynamique de fonctionnement. Cette fonction peut ensuite être mémorisée sous forme d'un polynôme de degré suffisant ou sous forme cartographique.The function to be memorized is determined automatically, by recording the quantities injected for a number given fixed opening times spread over the operating dynamics. This function can then be memorized as a polynomial of sufficient degree or under cartographic form.
A l'heure actuelle, l'injection de carburant dans une chambre s'effectue sous une pression différentielle qui varie en fonction des paramètres de fonctionnement du moteur. Il peut être tenu compte de cette situation en utilisant un modèle cartographique à deux entrées (durée d'injection et pression différentielle) ou en utilisant un polynôme à deux variables. Etant donné que le calibrage peut s'effectuer de façon automatique, les seules opérations manuelles étant la mise en place de l'injecteur et son retrait, il est possible d'accepter un nombre de points de mesure très important, avec des durées d'injection pouvant varier dans une plage très large, par exemple de 0,15 ms jusqu'à 10 ms. La variable principale étant la durée d'injection, il suffira d'effectuer des essais pour 2 ou 3 pressions différentielles différentes, sur un banc d'essai automatique.At present, the injection of fuel into a chamber is carried out under a differential pressure which varies depending on the engine operating parameters. he can be addressed by using a cartographic model with two inputs (injection time and differential pressure) or using a two polynomial variables. Since the calibration can be carried out automatically, the only manual operations being installation of the injector and its removal, it is possible to accept a very large number of measurement points, with injection times can vary within a very wide range wide, for example from 0.15 ms up to 10 ms. The variable main being the duration of injection, it will suffice to perform tests for 2 or 3 different differential pressures, on an automatic test bench.
Le modèle mémorisé doit accompagner l'injecteur et être pris en compte dans sa commande par l'organe de calcul. Dans un mode avantageux de réalisation, le modèle est mémorisé dans un module complet comprenant la rampe d'injection et les injecteurs qui lui sont fixés de façon permanente, par exemple dans une mémoire morte. Le module peut alors être muni d'un connecteur de liaison avec l'organe de calcul et avec l'amplificateur de puissance qui est commandé par cet organe de calcul et ouvre les injecteurs. Le connecteur est muni d'un contact ou de contacts permettant de recopier des modèles représentatifs de la correction par rapport à la caractéristique nominale, en vue de la recopie dans l'organe de calcul. Ce dernier peut alors être programmé pour prendre en compte les corrections sur chaque durée d'actionnement nominal, pour tenir compte de la caractéristique réelle de chaque injecteur.The memorized model must accompany the injector and be taken into account in its order by the calculation body. In an advantageous embodiment, the model is memorized in a complete module including the injection rail and the injectors permanently attached to it, by example in a read only memory. The module can then be provided with a connector for connection with the calculation unit and with the power amplifier which is controlled by this calculation unit and opens the injectors. The connector is provided with a contact or contacts for copying representative models of the correction with respect to the nominal characteristic, with a view to copying it into the organ Calculation. The latter can then be programmed to take take into account the corrections over each actuation period nominal, to take into account the real characteristic of each injector.
Le module comportera généralement aussi un capteur de
pression fournissant un signal électrique de sortie représentatif
de la pression d'injection qui règne dans la rampe.
L'organe de calcul est relié à ce capteur et également à un
capteur donnant la pression à l'admission des chambres de
combustion, représentative de la pression qui règne dans ces
chambres lors de l'injection. L'organe de calcul peut alors
tenir compte non seulement du modèle représentatif de la
caractéristique réelle en fonction de la durée d'injection
nominale, mais aussi les corrections à apporter en fonction
de la pression différentielle d'injection. Les capteurs de
pression seront généralement des capteurs piezo-résistifs,
qui ont la robustesse requise pour avoir une longue durée de
vie dans les conditions de fonctionnement d'un moteur à
combustion interne. Les caractéristiques ci-dessus ainsi que
d'autres apparaítront mieux à la lecture de la description
qui suit d'un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention,
donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif. La description se
réfère aux dessins qui l'accompagnent, dans lesquels :
Comme on l'a indiqué plus haut, plusieurs fonctions de calibration peuvent être déterminées de façon automatique sur un banc, pour plusieurs valeurs différentes de la pression différentielle p. La figure 2 montre trois fonctions correspondant à trois valeurs différentes de la pression différentielle. Ces fonctions de calibration peuvent être mémorisées sous forme numérique de plusieurs façons différentes. Une première solution consiste à échantillonner chacune des courbes, éventuellement après un lissage, et à mémoriser les points échantillonnés pour chacune des trois pressions différentielles. On obtient ainsi une mémoire cartographique. Elle pourra être utilisée soit en apportant une correction correspondant au point le plus proche mémorisé, soit par interpolation bilinéaire. La complexité de cette dernière solution la rendant toutefois peu attractive du fait que les corrections effectuées sont toujours relativement faibles. Les courbes peuvent également être mémorisées sous forme d'un polynôme à deux variables, qui donne une meilleure continuité qu'une mémoire cartographique, ou de plusieurs polynômes fonction du temps correspondant à plusieurs pressions différentielles.As noted above, several functions of calibration can be determined automatically on a bench, for several different pressure values differential p. Figure 2 shows three corresponding functions at three different values of the differential pressure. These calibration functions can be stored in digital form in many different ways. A first solution is to sample each of the curves, possibly after smoothing, and to memorize the points sampled for each of the three pressures differential. This gives a map memory. It can be used either by making a correction corresponding to the nearest stored point, either by bilinear interpolation. The complexity of this last solution making it unattractive, however, because corrections made are still relatively small. The curves can also be stored in the form of a two-variable polynomial, which gives better continuity than a map memory, or several polynomials time function corresponding to several differential pressures.
Quelle que soit la fonction, elle est mémorisée dans une
mémoire qui va accompagner un module d'injection. Le module
montré schématiquement en figure 3 comporte une rampe
d'injection 10 à laquelle sont reliés quatre injecteurs 12
à commande électrique. La rampe est munie d'un raccord 14
d'amenée de carburant, relié à une pompe à haute pression,
éventuellement par un régulateur. Chaque injecteur est muni
d'un connecteur électrique 16 de raccordement à des conducteurs
contenus dans une réglette 18 munie d'un connecteur
électrique terminal 20.Whatever the function, it is stored in a
memory which will accompany an injection module. The module
shown schematically in Figure 3 has a
Le module comporte une mémoire non volatile dans laquelle
est chargée la fonction de calibration. En général cette
mémoire ne sera accessible qu'en lecture à partir d'un
contact du connecteur 20. Toutefois il est possible de
prévoir une mémoire susceptible d'être réécrite en vue d'une
recalibration après une utilisation du module. Le contenu de
la mémoire du module est prévu pour être transféré dans la
mémoire d'un calculateur de commande moteur en fin de ligne
d'intégration du véhicule. Dans une variante de réalisation,
le module peut être simplement accompagné d'une mémoire dont
le contenu est transféré dans le calculateur en fin de ligne
d'intégration.The module has a non-volatile memory in which
is responsible for the calibration function. In general this
memory will only be accessible by reading from a
contact of
Si la fonction de calibration tient compte de la pression
différentielle, le module est complété par un capteur de
pression, par exemple piézo-électrique, qui peut être relié
à un embout 22. Un second capteur (non représenté) est alors
prévu pour déterminer la pression dans les chambres de
combustion.If the calibration function takes into account the pressure
differential, the module is completed by a
pressure, for example piezoelectric, which can be connected
to a
Les composants essentiels qui interviennent dans la mise
en oeuvre de l'invention sont indiqués en figure 4. Les
fonctions dans le cadre en traits mixte s24 seront généralement
remplies par le calculateur de commande moteur, dans
lequel est transférée la fonction mémorisée dans la mémoire
26 qui accompagne le module. Le calculateur 24 peut être
regardé comme ayant un bloc 27 de gestion de l'alimentation
en combustible du moteur, qui reçoit les paramètres de fonctionnement,
tels que la position α de la pédale d'accélérateur,
la vitesse N, la température , etc... A partir de ces
éléments, le bloc 27 peut notamment élaborer une pression de
consigne P0 du carburant (flèche en tirets sur la fig. 4).
Toutefois cette pression de consigne P0 peut aussi bien être
élaborée par un élément distinct 28, en fonction par exemple
de la pression dans les chambres de combustion au début de
l'échappement. La pression dans la rampe 10 est mesurée par
un capteur 30. Un terme d'erreur est élaboré dans un additionneur
32 et fourni à un régulateur 34 alimentant la rampe
12.The essential components involved in the implementation
of the invention are indicated in FIG. 4. The
functions in the dashed line s24 will generally
fulfilled by the engine control computer, in
which is transferred the function stored in the
Le bloc 27 fournit une consigne q de quantité à injecter
à un bloc de correction 28 dans lequel est chargée la
fonction de calibrage qui peut être la loi réelle de variafonction
de calibrage qui peut être la loi réelle de variation
q(t) ou l'ensemble de la loi nominale q = At (t étant
une constante) et de la loi de correction Δt (t). Le bloc 28
représenté reçoit un signal de sortie du capteur 30 sur une
entrée 34. La correction en fonction de la pression peut être
effectuée dans ce bloc ou dans un bloc supplémentaire 36 qui
reçoit la sortie d'un capteur de pression dans les chambres
de combustion. La pression dans la rampe peut être appliquée
sur une entrée 38 dans le cas où les corrections en fonction
de la durée et en fonction de la pression différentielle sont
effectuées en cascade.
Le signal de durée corrigé est appliqué à un circuit de
puissance 40 de commande des injecteurs 12.The corrected duration signal is applied to a
Claims (7)
- An injection module for an electronically controlled multipoint injection device for an internal combustion engine, comprising:a rail (10) arranged to be connected to a supply pump and,a plurality of injectors (12) connected to the rail and each provided with electrical means for controlling opening and closing comprising a single memory (26) containing a calibration function of each of the injectors (12) and supplying the functions in a form suitable for use by a computing unit (24) controlling an electrical signal determining a duration of opening of said injectors.
- A module according to claim 1, wherein said function is stored in polynomial or map form.
- A module according to claim for claim 2, wherein said calibration function is a function of the duration of injection only.
- A module according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said calibration function depends on the duration of injection and a pressure differential between the rail and the engine combustion chambers.
- A module according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, wherein said module includes a pressure sensor (30) arranged to supply an electric output signal representative of the injection pressure in the rail, and connected to the computing unit.
- A module according to anyone of claims 1 to 5, wherein said memory is non-volatile and can be connected to the computing unit by copying means.
- A module according to anyone of the preceding claims further comprising an electric linking connector (20) with a calculator and a power circuit (40).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9802345 | 1998-02-26 | ||
FR9802345A FR2775318B1 (en) | 1998-02-26 | 1998-02-26 | MULTI-POINT INJECTION MODULE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
PCT/FR1999/000412 WO1999043940A1 (en) | 1998-02-26 | 1999-02-24 | Internal combustion engine multipoint injection module |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0979350A1 EP0979350A1 (en) | 2000-02-16 |
EP0979350B1 true EP0979350B1 (en) | 2003-04-09 |
Family
ID=9523405
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99904943A Expired - Lifetime EP0979350B1 (en) | 1998-02-26 | 1999-02-24 | Internal combustion engine multipoint injection module |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6247451B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0979350B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9904895A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69906642T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2775318B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999043940A1 (en) |
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JP4605038B2 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2011-01-05 | 株式会社デンソー | Fuel injection device |
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DE102007042994A1 (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2009-03-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for assessing an operation of an injection valve when applying a drive voltage and corresponding evaluation device |
DE102012210739B4 (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2022-02-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for determining correction values for controlling a fuel injection valve |
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IT1246068B (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1994-11-07 | Magneti Marelli Spa | PLUG-TOP COIL IGNITION UNIT FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
US5157967A (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1992-10-27 | Siemens Automotive L.P. | Dynamic flow calibration of a fuel injector by selective positioning of its solenoid coil |
US5663881A (en) * | 1991-08-06 | 1997-09-02 | Siemens Automotive L.P. | Electronic calibrated fuel rail |
US5295627A (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 1994-03-22 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel injector stroke calibration through dissolving shim |
JPH07238857A (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-09-12 | Hino Motors Ltd | Fuel injection device |
US5920004A (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 1999-07-06 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method of calibrating an injector driver system |
US5839420A (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 1998-11-24 | Detroit Diesel Corporation | System and method of compensating for injector variability |
-
1998
- 1998-02-26 FR FR9802345A patent/FR2775318B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-02-24 BR BR9904895-7A patent/BR9904895A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-24 US US09/403,415 patent/US6247451B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-24 WO PCT/FR1999/000412 patent/WO1999043940A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-02-24 EP EP99904943A patent/EP0979350B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-24 DE DE69906642T patent/DE69906642T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69906642D1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
FR2775318B1 (en) | 2000-04-28 |
FR2775318A1 (en) | 1999-08-27 |
DE69906642T2 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
BR9904895A (en) | 2000-07-04 |
EP0979350A1 (en) | 2000-02-16 |
US6247451B1 (en) | 2001-06-19 |
WO1999043940A1 (en) | 1999-09-02 |
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