EP0975845A1 - Wall element and process for producing a wall element - Google Patents
Wall element and process for producing a wall elementInfo
- Publication number
- EP0975845A1 EP0975845A1 EP97948797A EP97948797A EP0975845A1 EP 0975845 A1 EP0975845 A1 EP 0975845A1 EP 97948797 A EP97948797 A EP 97948797A EP 97948797 A EP97948797 A EP 97948797A EP 0975845 A1 EP0975845 A1 EP 0975845A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- supporting element
- boundary surface
- wall
- skin
- hollow bodies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
- E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a wall element according to the precharacterizing portion of Claim 1 , comprising a honeycomb supporting element, comprising hollow bodies connected to one another at their respectively adjacent peripheral walls; and at least one skin closing a boundary surface of the supporting element; the skin on one side engaging in the hollow bodies in such a way that their opening is fully closed and, on the other side, projecting outside the boundary surface of the supporting element.
- the invention further relates to a process for producing a wall element according to the precharacterizing portion of Claim 18, comprising the steps of immersing a honeycomb supporting element in an as yet uncured mass of skinning material; and allowing the skinning material to harden to form a skin that is firmly connected to the supporting element.
- the invention also relates to a supporting element in the style of a honeycomb according to the precharacterizing portion of Claim 27, comprising hollow bodies connected to one another at their respectively adjacent peripheral walls.
- the invention further relates to a process for producing a supporting element according to the precharacterizing portion of Claim 33, in which a plurality of hollow bodies are connected at their peripheral walls to form a dimensionally stable and flexurally rigid honeycomb body.
- honeycomb supporting elements are a large number of small tubes bonded to one another at the sides, as is shown by DE-A-43 14 861.
- three- dimensional grid structures are also known as supporting elements, in which the boundaries of the hollow bodies cross at right angles.
- small tubes are known which have an irregular periphery but have an axial, continuous lumen, which includes, for example, 5-sided, 6-sided or other cross-sectional shapes.
- DE-A-14 84 240 shows a constructional element for civil engineering, which employs a honeycomb supporting element in the form of a grid made of a large number of adjacent three-dimensional cells, of which grid one pair of opposite boundary surfaces of the three-dimensional cells is open. These open boundary surfaces are closed with concrete, in each case about one-sixth of the lumen of the hollow bodies of the supporting element being filled with concrete.
- the resulting wall element consisting of 2 skins made of concrete and a supporting element arranged between them, withstands pressure loadings, there is the risk that in the event of tension loadings or torsional loadings under the dead-weight of the wall element, the skin will be torn out of the supporting element.
- DE-A-1 247 923 shows a method of producing cell-core boards having a supporting element made of plastic-impregnated paper and a skin made of porous plaster.
- the honeycomb supporting element comprises a plurality of paper hollow bodies connected at respectively adjacent peripheral walls and having a substantially cylindrical cross-section, one of the open planes of the supporting element being closed by a skin.
- a separating layer that surrounds the paper supporting element and has a drop-shaped cross-section, which separating layer is applied to the boundary surface of the supporting element in a separate process step.
- This known board is also not suitable for use as a wall element, since the material used already does not satisfy the static requirements on a supporting element.
- DE-A-1 105 593 shows a multilayer light-weight construction board which provides, between two skins made of mortar or plaster, a supporting element which is put together from a large number of supporting walls, the hollow bodies surrounded by the supporting walls not being completely closed by the skin. Instead, the supporting element has protrusions and depressions, so that the protrusions are gripped by skinning material, while the depressions permit free circulation of air between adjacent cavities.
- the adhesion capacity of these supporting elements is accordingly also unfavourable.
- the said supporting wall is bent over by about 90° in one direction, but not in the other.
- This bent-over section projects into the skinning material with the same thickness as the supporting wall, but no cavities are provided in which the complete peripheral wall of the cavity exhibits such a constriction.
- this light-weight building board too, no adequate values of tensile or compressive strength are reached, as are required in the case of a wall element of large dimensions.
- the known light-weight construction board lacks a further important property for use as a wall element, namely that any holes which may be made can easily be filled. In the case of the present known light-weight construction board, it would be necessary for the entire light-weight construction board to be filled, since all the cavities are connected to one another.
- this object is achieved by means of the characterizing features of Claim 1 and, respectively, of Claim 27, in that the peripheral walls of the hollow bodies have, at the boundary surface, a material extension of the peripheral wall which narrows the access to the interior of the hollow bodies and runs in the plane of the boundary surface.
- the invention specifies processes for producing the elements indicated above.
- the wall element according to the invention provides a particularly beneficial connection between skin and supporting element, in that, at the surface to be closed of the supporting element, the opening cross-section of the hollow bodies experiences a constriction which is produced by a material extension of the peripheral wall of the hollow bodies.
- material extension and peripheral wall are produced in one piece and from the same material, so that tearing at the boundary surface is prevented.
- the material extension forms a stop which is located in the boundary surface of the supporting element and, with the stop surface, serves at the same time as a support for pressure loadings of the skin and as a retaining surface in the event of tensile loadings or in the event of torsional loadings induced by twisting the wall element.
- the skin preferably penetrates through the remaining apertures in the boundary surface into the interior of the supporting element, for example by a few millimetres, the skin filling up the entire cross-section of the hollow body on the other side of the material extension before the curing, so that, on the one hand, a flat bearing is produced from the inside and from the outside against the material extension and, on the other hand, the skinning material also comes to rest against the peripheral wall.
- the wall element according to the invention has excellent sound and thermal insulation properties, which make it particularly suitable for use in building.
- the material extensions of the peripheral walls of the hollow bodies preferably form, in the boundary plane of the supporting element, a bearing surface that is expediently flat and has apertures which are arranged substantially concentrically in relation to the lumen of the hollow body, and whose opening diameters effect at least a reduction to about 80% with respect to the lumen of the hollow body.
- This type of shaping of the material extensions can also be referred to as bracket-like.
- the thickness of the material extension is greater than the thickness of the peripheral wall of the hollow bodies.
- the material extension will expediently be constructed as a closed circumference around the periphery of the hollow body, so that the remaining entry opening into the hollow body remains substantially centrally arranged, and the bearing surfaces formed by the material extension can transmit forces uniformly to the peripheral wall of the respective hollow body.
- at least 20% of the cross-section of a hollow body is covered by the area of the material extension.
- the covered surface it is possible for the covered surface to rise to more than 90%, without noticeable losses with respect to the quality of the connection between skinning material and supporting element occurring.
- those parts having a continuous lumen are used as hollow bodies of the supporting element, the said parts being connected to one another at their peripheral walls, or in the said parts the peripheral walls in each case dividing the lumen.
- a hollow body which is built up from a plurality of mutually separated axial lumen Tube-like hollow cylinders made of plastic have proven to be particularly favourable.
- the skin prefferably, however, the depth of penetration of the skin into the supporting element will make up less than 1/5 of the supporting element normal to the skin, and particularly preferably less than 1/10 of the extent, which results in a relatively thick region of the supporting element remaining hollow.
- This unfilled region can either be filled with insulating materials for better sound insulation or thermal insulation, or else for the laying of empty pipes, lines and the like.
- a pre-definable number of hollow bodies in a predetermined position for example in the corner regions of a relatively large supporting element, or at pre-determined intervals, distributed over the supporting element, for example each twentieth hollow body, to be constructed as solid bodies, differing from the remaining hollow bodies.
- this can be carried out by solid bodies being integrated into the supporting element as early as during production.
- it is possible to fill hollow bodies before skinning.
- individual hollow bodies are filled during the application of the skin, and expediently using the same material, so that the filling and the skin are constructed in one piece after curing and form a static constructional unit.
- the filling is produced in the case of two-sided skinning, there is formed, corresponding to the position of the filling, a multiplicity of webs that penetrate the supporting element, stabilize the two skins in relation to each other and make direct force transmission between the skins possible.
- the webs are particularly expedient when they are provided at locations at which fittings or the like projecting from the wall element are intended to be fitted, since at these points the grip which is usual in the case of a solid material wall when drilling and recessing in the wall is encountered.
- the wall element according to the invention is preferably implemented in a sandwich construction, that is to say in such a way that a first skin is arranged on a first boundary surface of the supporting element and a second skin is arranged on a second boundary surface of the same supporting element, the two boundary surfaces being boundary surfaces of the supporting element which face away from each other.
- the skin is preferably a layer of mineral material and, in this case, in turn particularly preferably a layer of foamed gas concrete or light-weight concrete.
- the light-weight concrete can be let into a mould, in which the supporting element is arranged, the front side of the skin, projecting outside the boundary surfaces of the supporting element, being bounded by shuttering material, while the foamed concrete penetrates into the interior of the supporting element as a result of its foaming, and in particular foams up behind the material extensions bounding the access to the interior of the hollow bodies.
- This type of penetration of the skinning material has the significant advantage that no venting of the supporting element has to be provided.
- the capillary pressure in the hollow bodies is thus overcome in an elegant manner.
- the skinning material then drives behind the material extension and into a close frictional connection with the respective peripheral walls, so that after the concrete has set, the respective peripheral walls of the hollow bodies are also surrounded by the light-weight concrete in the region of the material extensions.
- the supporting element according to the invention is produced in a separate production step, which will be explained further, before being immersed in the as yet uncured mass of skinning material.
- the material extensions it is in principle possible for the material extensions to be produced by a compression operation which is performed after immersion in the skinning mass.
- the skin is applied gradually, this also being able to be performed in vertical shuttering; in particular it is preferable to provide the respectively opposite boundary surfaces simultaneously with a skinning material. If wall elements that are arranged at right angles to one another, for example the four outer walls of a house with a rectangular outline, are produced at the same time by skinning on one or both sides, it is possible in this way to produce a light-weight outer cell of a house without a seam. This seam-free production results in particularly good stability of the house.
- the supporting element expediently consists of a plastic, selected from the group comprising polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane, polyether and polyterephthalate, and preferably from a thermoplastically deformable material.
- a plastic selected from the group comprising polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane, polyether and polyterephthalate, and preferably from a thermoplastically deformable material.
- These materials have a low weight and are therefore particularly suitable for the production of a light-weight wall element. Furthermore, they are exceptionally dimen-sionally stable, can be produced cost-effectively and can be machined using commercially available tools. Scraps cut off from the blanks can easily be recycled.
- the material is weather-resistant and can therefore be used advantageously even when the production takes place a relatively long time in advance or on the premises of an external supplier. According to a preferred alternative, replenishable raw materials are selected for the material.
- the supporting element consists of a material which is deformable thermally but only with difficulty or not at all - such as aluminium or another metal for example - or of a material with a continuous softening characteristic - such as glass for example - then the individual hollow bodies are bonded to one another at their side wall, if appropriate by means of the same material as adhesive.
- the ends of such a supporting element can then be thickened like a bracket by means of a mechanical action in the manner of flattening out.
- a tool which has a heated plate which is directed under pressure against the surface, so that on account of the pressure loading and the thermal loading the material of the peripheral wall of the hollow bodies flows in a manner similar to a forging or compressing process and is deformed into a plane located substantially parallel to the contact plane.
- metal grids for example made of aluminium, as the supporting element, whose surfaces are made to assume an appropriate flattening by hammering or other mechanical loading.
- Other types of cold-forming or hot-forming, for example calendering by a roll or the like, are also possible.
- the shaping tool In order to ensure that no hollow body is inadvertently completely closed, it is possible to construct the shaping tool to have mandrels or the like which penetrate into the hollow bodies during or after the shaping operation.
- a ratio may advantageously be predefined between the remaining residual opening of the hollow bodies, the thickness of the material extension and the shaping energy expended.
- the mandrels can also advantageously be used for the conveyance, continuously or intermittently, of the supporting element.
- This agent is preferably a gas which has been added to the preferably gaseous concrete for the purpose of foaming and then partially emerges from the mass, for example CO 2 . Furthermore, it is advantageously possible to provide energy stores in the hollow regions of the supporting element. According to a preferred development of the wall element according to the invention, during its production process a suspension and/or an anchoring device, including one with a rapid-action closure, is already fitted at the statically relevant points or is cast in at the same time.
- the wall element is constructed in such a way that an integrated pipe, channel or box system for a thermal conduction liquid or warm air is provided, that is welded or bonded to the said wall element or otherwise embedded in it.
- the wall element is then also preferably constructed with an absorber surface that is flange-mounted directly to the system, or constructed to be connected to the skinning material that is subsequently to be applied, which in this case is expediently thermally conductive and constructed as an absorber material.
- the parts, together with appropriately suitable coverings, are arranged in the mould together with the supporting element.
- this can also be constructed as an interior wall, as a solar roof with a glass plate resting on one side, as a facade cladding element with thermal insulation properties or the like.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a an embodiment of a supporting element according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a supporting element according to the invention.
- Fig. 3 shows a cross-section through an embodiment of a wall element according to the invention.
- Fig. 4 shows a cross-section through another embodiment of a wall element according to the invention.
- Fig. 5 shows a cross-section through a further embodiment of a wall element according to the invention.
- Figs 6, 7 and 8 show in each case a cross-section through further embodiments of wall elements according to the invention.
- Figs 9 and 10 show a cross-section through a corner construction of a wall element according to the invention.
- Fig. 11 shows a cross-section through three supporting elements according to the invention that are connected to one another.
- Figs 12 and 13 show various forms of window reveals on wall elements according to the invention.
- Fig. 14 shows a tongue and groove connection of two wall elements according to the invention.
- Fig. 15 illustrates a process for producing a wall element according to the invention.
- a process for producing a honeycomb type supporting element 51 will be explained first.
- a blank not shown, made of hollow cylindrical tubes 52 made of polypropylene, which are connected to one another at their peripheral walls 53, the blank is shaped in such a way that a supporting element 51 according to the invention is produced in the process.
- the peripheral walls 53 of the hollow cylinders 52 it is possible both for the peripheral walls 53 of the hollow cylinders 52 to be bonded or welded to one another, and also for the walls of adjacent hollow cylinders to be constructed in one piece, that is to say that adjacent cylinders 52 share the same wall 53.
- the blank is preferably a large- dimensioned part which can be supplied, stacked and transported away in a large area in the manner of a mat.
- the mat has the appearance of a parallelepiped, the length and the width of the mat running transverse to the lumen of the hollow cylinders 52.
- the axial length of the tubes is expediently between 8 and 400 mm and, in the present embodiment, is about 25 mm.
- the length and width of the matlike blank may in each case be several metres.
- the diameter of a hollow cylinder 52 will generally make up an amount of the order of magnitude of about one-sixth of the clear lumen of the hollow cylinder, and is preferably less than one quarter thereof. In the present embodiment, the diameter of a tube is about 5 mm.
- the blank consists of polypropylene.
- the aim of the following processing and treatment steps is to shape the blank in such a way that it has, at the boundary surfaces 56 (planes) that are formed by the openings 54 of the hollow cylinders 52, material extensions 55 which consist of the material of the peripheral wall 53 of the hollow cylinders 52 and extend in one piece from the peripheral wall 53, substantially perpendicular to the lumen of the hollow cylinders 52, the strength of the material in the shaped regions being intended not to be impaired.
- the thicknesses of the material extensions 55 exceed the thickness of the peripheral walls 53.
- a first process step for this purpose the blank is gripped laterally outside the ends of the hollow cylinders 52 and held uniformly in a chuck in such a way that relative movement between the chuck and blank is no longer possible.
- the blank is pressed axially in such a way that a compression tool is brought up from at least one side and exerts a pressure on the boundary surfaces 56 of the blank. In this case, the boundary side 56 facing away from the compression tool may be supported against a mating bearing.
- a compression tool is brought up on both sides, with the result that the blank is shaped on both sides.
- the two boundary surfaces 56 can also be subjected to this pressure one after the other; furthermore it should be noted that adjacent surface regions of the blank can also be treated successivelly with a smaller pressure area, comparable with flattening using an iron or passing under a roll or a roll pair, as is provided in the case of a calendering step.
- a supply of heat is provided at the same time as the compression step or before initiating the compression step, by means of which heat supply the resistance of the material is reduced for the shaping and the compression force needed is correspondingly reduced. It is advantageously possible to heat the compression tool itself, comparable with an iron or a heated surface, as a result of which the transfer of heat to the material parts to be shaped is influenced in a particularly beneficial way and, at the same time, it can be ensured that, substantially or quite exclusively, the boundary surface of the blank is shaped, whereas the central region of the blank, which is advantageously held in the chuck, does not undergo any deformation.
- the compression tool is brought up from both sides, it is advantageously possible, using the process steps described, to produce a supporting element which has material extensions on both sides which are substantially located in the boundary plane 56 (normal to the lumen of the hollow cylinders 52) of the blank.
- a supporting element which has material extensions on both sides which are substantially located in the boundary plane 56 (normal to the lumen of the hollow cylinders 52) of the blank.
- continuous surface pressure-loading it is possible to bring about the shaping in the surface region by hammering or shock-like machining.
- mass- production it is possible to automate the shaping in order to form the material extensions, for example by producing them in a calendering roll, an intermittent production line, or other devices known for this purpose.
- the supporting element 51 produced in accordance with the above process is now flattened either on one or on both sides in such a way that there is formed in each core hole or in each hollow cylinder 52 a bead 57 whose inwardly and outwardly directed flanks can absorb and transmit tensile and compressive forces.
- the bead projects substantially at right angles away from the peripheral wall on both sides, and advantageously prevents folding over under very high tensile loads.
- the blank is penetrated in a plane normal to the lumen of the hollow cylinders 52 by two dividing walls 64, likewise made of polypropylene which subdivide the hollow cylinders 52 into different intervals that are separate from each other.
- the dividing walls 64 divide the lumen of the hollow cylinders 52 from each other in a fluid-tight manner; this can be achieved by a polypropylene layer 64 in each case being welded on both sides by its ends onto blank mats.
- the hollow bodies are preferably substantially aligned, so that abutting hollow cylinders can be deliberately connected once more by boring through the layer 64 (optionally before or after the welding), so that, advantageously, individual continuous hollow cylinders may be deliberately completely filled with skinning material.
- These continuous webs filled for example with light-weight concrete, additionally stiffen the wall element according to the invention.
- the hollow cylinders 52 it is possible for the hollow cylinders 52 to have in their interior in each case one, three or more integrated dividing walls 64, which can be used to limit the filling height of the lumen.
- a supporting element 51 is firstly arranged in a preferably horizontal mould 62.
- the mould 62 has, for example, the shape of a trough and is suitable to accommodate an as yet not cured skinning material in the present embodiment of a gas-expanded light-weight concrete, which is caused to foam by additives of a chemical nature.
- a spacer element 63 Fig.
- the supporting element can be placed and maintained at a distance from the bottom of the trough 62 that can be predefined by the dimensions of the spacer element 63.
- the spacer element 63 is lost in this case and becomes a constituent part of the skin 61.
- the spacer element 63 is advantageously a pin or the like, with the aid of which lifting tools can subsequently be attached to the finished wall element 60.
- a typical wall element 61 in construction will be briefly explained.
- the wall element 61 has a supporting element 51 , which in the present embodiment may constitute one of those in Fig. 1 or 2.
- the skin 61 of concrete is cured on both sides of the boundary layer 56 of the wall element 51 and closes the openings 54 of the tubes 52 in a leak-tight manner, the region of the skin 61 located within the tubes 52 at the same time nestling against the inner peripheral walls 53 of the tubes 52.
- a positively-locking and force-fitting connection is thus produced between skin 61 and supporting element 51 , in which the material extensions 55 of the supporting element 51 absorb tensile and compressive forces acting on the skin 61.
- a bonded fabric or a mat 65 which is penetrated by the still liquid skinning material and which imparts to the skin 61 a flexural rigidity in order to avoid the formation of cracks, for example when a wall element 60 is clamped and tends to bulge.
- the skinning material is preferably a concrete preparation expanded by the addition of gas, the gas preferably being prepared in such a way that foaming in the interior of the hollow cylinders 52 is achieved.
- a further problem that is known from practice namely that the capillary pressure in the hollow cylinders 52 prevents liquid concrete rising up, is circumvented in an elegant manner, surprisingly in spite of the opening cross-section being reduced by the cutting-in of the material extension.
- water 2 loaded with a gas 1 preferably CO 2
- a gas 1 preferably CO 2
- the chamber 3 is preferably a sonosonde, in which ultrasonic power transducers 5 are arranged, which act on the water/gas mixture and pass it in dispersed form into a mixer 6.
- Cement 7 and further additives 8, 9 are added to the water 2 loaded with CO 2 in the mixer 6.
- reinforcing materials in particular fibrous sections made of glass, carbon or other suitable materials, can be added, which are likewise uniformly distributed in the mixer 6.
- a cavitation means 13 in the present embodiment a cavitation disc.
- the upper layer of the material is preferably previously hydrothermally converted.
- the hot perlite it is also possible to use foamed glass, slate or other mineral material, or other granulated material preheated in another way. It is also possible for the concrete to be produced using preheated water, in order to set the predefinable temperature.
- the sonochemical treatment has already been performed after the gas 1 has been added to the water 2.
- the sonochemical treatment also then advantageously being connected downstream of a cavitation step, which in the present embodiment has already been effected by the cavitation disc 13.
- the structure of a chamber for the sonochemical treatment of the liquid concrete mixture would then substantially correspond to the structure of the chamber 3.
- the sonochemical treatment step triggers, in particular, gas/liquid interactions as a result of energy loading, which last over a period of from a few seconds up to a few minutes, depending on the energy transfer, so that a particular advantage of the treatment step according to the invention is that it still continues even after the inputting of the light-weight concrete in a mould.
- the mould In the case of widespread moulds or mouldings, it is in particular possible to achieve a favourable reaction sequence by performing the sonochemical treatment step at various points, with the result that a particularly uniform energy loading in relation to a reference, for example the time of being input into the mould, is achieved.
- the mould it is also possible for the mould to be provided as a treatment chamber, in which the sonochemical treatment step is carried before the setting.
- the liquid light-weight concrete mixture is pumped into the mould 18 via a concrete pump 14 and via a line 16.
- the concrete pump 14 expediently comprises a sinusoidal vane 15 as pumping element, which advantageously brings about conveyance by pump in such a way that the mixture does not sediment into individual layers.
- the line 16 is expediently held at a predefinable temperature via a heat source 17, the waste heat from the blast furnace 12 (which was used to produce the perlite) advantageously being used to the benefit of the energy.
- honeycomb cores 20 advantageously having an end face 21 of bracket-like cross-section for the purpose of better anchoring of the concrete. It is possible to preheat the mould to a settable temperature, which results in a defined setting speed being able to be set. Furthermore the introduction of the said bonded fabric or woven fabric makes possible the production of optical structures in the manner of a relief or by means of colour variation. The structures may also be provided in point form or in specific areas.
- the abovementioned equipment and apparatus can be combined to form one or more devices and can be operated in synchronism with one another and in a manner adapted to the setting operation of the concrete.
- the control and regulation of the individual processes in the case of the production process according to the invention can be monitored and managed by a control unit 22, which cycles the individual process steps and matches them to one another with the effect of a continuous process.
- the fact that the sonochemical treatment step is self-maintaining over a relatively long time period benefits the optimization of the cycle times, because in contrast to numerous known processes, the expansion of the liquid concrete mixture is no longer a time-critical factor in the case of the process according to the invention.
- the construc-tional material may be changed in a targeted manner by means of the addition of plaster or other ceramic materials, sand, gravel or grit, plastic granules, other binders, setting accelerators and organic and inorganic additives in different proportions and in combinations to the mixture in various variations having different properties, including those in relation to heat and sound insulation, setting speed and setting ability and the adhesive properties.
- the addition of chemical additives for foam formation can also have a positive influence on the expansion operation of the liquid concrete mixture in the sense of an acceleration, with the result that a still more rapid setting is then associated with an overall still more intense acceleration of the production process.
- a defined amount of concrete is put into the trough 62, whereby, as a result of a settable foaming behaviour, a specific volume of the concrete penetrates through the apertures 54 into the interior of the hollow cylinders 52 and, in particular, engages behind the inwardly directed bearing surface of the material extensions 57, and comes into complete and direct contact with the peripheral wall 53 of the hollow cylinder 52.
- the penetration depth can be predefined sufficiently uniformly over the supporting element 51 cf. Fig. 5.
- FIG. 4 shows a wall element 60 having a supporting element 51 that has a separating layer 64 of the type outlined above, which limits the depth of penetration of the skinning material, the skinning material advantageously filling the space between separating layer 64 and boundary surface 56 of the supporting element 51 , and thereby ensuring excellent transmission of tension or compression to the supporting element 51 in the event of a loading.
- the skinning material can advantageously shrink, without the reliable hold and the intimate connection between supporting element 51 and skinning material being impaired.
- the skin 61 remains firmly connected to the supporting element 51 as a result of mutual hooking, stresses in the skin 61 induced by shrinkage being passed on uniformly to the supporting element 51 and hence the elasticity, desired particularly in the case of a supporting element 51 made of plastic, being main-tained.
- the wall element 60 produced in accordance with the invention is thus also suitable as a constructional part where tensile loadings are to be expected.
- the wall element 60 according to the invention produced using the process described above is distinguished by excellent strengths, an exceptional mechanical joint between supporting element 51 and skins 61 and an extremely low weight.
- the concrete produced in accordance with the above- described process has a density of only about 100 kg/m 3 .
- the supporting element is likewise of low density, because of its hollow structure and, if appropriate, as a result of the material selected. Furthermore, it can be produced cost-effectively, in particular even on a large industrial scale, wall elements 60 being able to be produced in dimensions which otherwise find a restriction in the transport weight.
- a wall element suitable for external walls of a building and having a single supporting element contains, from the outside to the inside, the following structure: a first layer of light-weight concrete having a specific weight of 100 kg/m 3 , which forms the outer skin of the wall element and has a thickness of about 8 cm.
- This layer is reinforced by perlite and/or glass bonded fabric, which is inlaid in the liquid light-weight concrete.
- the skin is applied to a honeycomb type supporting element which is likewise about 8 cm thick and consists of polypropylene, about 0.5 cm of the skinning material penetrating into the hollow cavities of the supporting element.
- the second skin which is arranged on the other side of the supporting element opposite the first skin, is about 1.5 cm thick and is made of the same material as the first skin, but without perlite and glass bonded fabric, once more about 0.5 cm penetrating into the hollow bodies.
- the external wall thus has a total thickness of about 16.5 cm.
- a wall element which is used as an internal wall is built up in a similar way as the external wall.
- the supporting element is likewise about 8 cm thick and is enclosed at its ends on both sides by a 1.5 cm-thick skin, about 0.5 cm of the skins on both sides penetrating into the hollow bodies of the supporting element.
- the skinning material also consists of light-weight concrete having a specific weight of about 100 kg/m 3 .
- the interior wall thus has a thickness of about 10 cm.
- a mortar screed for example, by the tiles, for example, being arranged in the bottom region of the trough 62 before letting in the light-weight concrete.
- the tiles for example, being arranged in the bottom region of the trough 62 before letting in the light-weight concrete.
- bonded fabrics or woven fabrics 65 for example made of glass or glass fibres
- Figures 6 to 8 Different embodiments of bonded fabrics or woven fabrics 65, for example made of glass or glass fibres, are illustrated in Figures 6 to 8.
- the skinning material 61 After the setting of the skinning material 61 , these are embedded and covered in its region projecting beyond the boundary surface 56, the skinning material 61 penetrating the said fabrics, as a result of which the strength properties that are of interest here, and other field properties of this penetration structure, having a positive influence on the properties of the wall element according to the invention.
- the three-dimensional supporting element designs shown in Figs 9 and 10 are in each case joined from individual supporting elements in such a way that the boundary surfaces provided with the openings 54 of the tubes 52 in each case turn out to be parallel to the future external surfaces of the wall elements to be produced, as a result of which the already mentioned favourable connections between supporting element 51 and skin 61 are achieved.
- Fig. 11 shows, in schematic form in cross-section, three supporting elements 51 that are in each case arranged at right angles to each other in pairs, and are assembled with one another in the manner of a double-T support.
- the proportions indicated are in this case not reproduced to scale.
- the contact region of the two outer supporting elements 51 at their boundary surface 56 with the lateral peripheral walls of the central supporting element 51 is connected by welding, or alternatively by bonding.
- a first beneficial possibility is to skin all the remaining boundary surfaces, so that the wall element which results in this case also assumes the shape of this double-T support.
- an advantageous variant is to skin the boundary surfaces which face away from each other, and thus to provide a five-layer wall element in the manner of a sandwich.
- Figures 12 and 13 illustrate, in schematic form and in cross-section, the construction of a wall element as a building wall, which comprises moulds for window reveals. It can be seen that the boundary surface 56 of the supporting element 51 accordingly runs non-continuously. It should be understood that the boundary surface does not necessarily have to be associated with the idea of plane in space, but also curved or spherical surfaces or those having discontinuous points are also included.
- a further advantageous variant is explained, in which a plurality of wall elements 60, 60' according to the invention have a tongue and groove, so that these can be used variably at any time, for example for fitting-out purposes, and can be removed once more or displaced or combined with other wall elements 60, which are likewise provided with tongue and groove.
- other joining systems can be considered, for example riveting, bonding, screw-fitting, stapling. It is possible for a wall element provided with such a joining system also to be fastened to other parts than to other wall elements 60.
- the wall element according to the invention has been explained above using the embodiment constructed as a house. It goes without saying that other wall elements, for example intermediate floors or roof constituent parts, can also be formed by the wall element according to the invention. It is thus possible, for example, to construct a wall element as a solar roof.
- empty pipes for the supply and discharge of water, power and the like or for the laying of cables for telephones, communication systems inside the house and the like are provided in the skinning material, but also in the supporting element, and are simultaneously incorporated or pressed in, so that the wall element of this type makes leading such supply lines over the surface unnecessary.
- the boundary surface 56 was a mainly flat surface. It has to be noted that the boundary surface can also be shaped in any curvature and shape, while the angle between lumen 52 or another honeycomb type element and the boundary surface accordingly undergoes a change.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19644317A DE19644317A1 (en) | 1996-10-24 | 1996-10-24 | Honeycomb-reinforced building construction and method for its manufacture and transport |
DE19644317 | 1996-10-24 | ||
PCT/EP1997/005880 WO1998017878A1 (en) | 1996-10-24 | 1997-10-24 | Wall element and process for producing a wall element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0975845A1 true EP0975845A1 (en) | 2000-02-02 |
EP0975845B1 EP0975845B1 (en) | 2001-09-26 |
Family
ID=7809927
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97948797A Expired - Lifetime EP0975845B1 (en) | 1996-10-24 | 1997-10-24 | Wall element and process for producing a wall element |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0975845B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE206180T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6811898A (en) |
DE (2) | DE19644317A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW335427B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998017878A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA979513B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19818829A1 (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-11 | D.D.C. Planungs-, Entwicklungs- Und Management Ag | Prefabricated sound absorbing wall panel with a honeycomb aluminum support structure |
DE20014013U1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-01-18 | Dennerlein GmbH, 28307 Bremen | Transport segment and conveyor device for the transport of objects |
DE102008057973A1 (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-05-20 | Shelter And Roam Design Consulting | space cell |
DE102013106174A1 (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2014-12-31 | Fredy Iseli | Sandwich component and method for its production |
SG11201510221VA (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2016-01-28 | Fredy Iseli | Structural sandwich element and method for producing same |
CN107867013B (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2019-07-26 | 中南林业科技大学 | Improve the honeycomb core plate and its forming method of hexagonal structure |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1105593B (en) * | 1958-11-11 | 1961-04-27 | Sedoc Sa | Multi-layer lightweight panel with a cell-forming grid and method for producing the grid bars |
DE1209725B (en) * | 1960-03-11 | 1966-01-27 | Hans Joachim Dietzsch G M B H | Process for the surface treatment of a body made of bundled hollow threads |
DE1204201B (en) * | 1961-09-25 | 1965-11-04 | Joachim Dietzsch | Filter screen |
DE1484240A1 (en) * | 1964-04-29 | 1969-04-03 | Hufnagl Walter | Construction element for civil engineering |
DE1247923B (en) * | 1965-04-03 | 1967-08-17 | Deutsche Bauakademie | Process for the production of cell core plates with a core made of synthetic resin-impregnated paper and cover layers made of pore gypsum |
DE1907683A1 (en) * | 1969-02-15 | 1970-08-20 | Meyer Dorothea Wolf Geb | Supporting wall-and ceiling element for pre- - fabricated houses or similar |
DE2112588C3 (en) * | 1971-03-16 | 1975-12-11 | Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Plate-shaped component made of metal in sandwich construction |
DE8104842U1 (en) * | 1981-02-21 | 1981-07-30 | Johann Borgers Gmbh & Co Kg, 4290 Bocholt | FILLER BODY FOR PARTITIONING, CEILING ELEMENTS OR THE LIKE |
CA1239572A (en) * | 1983-09-21 | 1988-07-26 | Roger A. Stonier | Method for cocuring a composite skin directly to honeycomb core |
FR2616705B1 (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1991-01-11 | Strauss Horst | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING A PACKAGE OF TUBES, APPLICATIONS AND PANEL COMPRISING THE SAME |
DE4314861A1 (en) * | 1993-05-05 | 1994-11-10 | Tubus Bauer Gmbh | Process for producing a honeycomb body and honeycomb body |
-
1996
- 1996-10-24 DE DE19644317A patent/DE19644317A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-10-23 TW TW086115685A patent/TW335427B/en active
- 1997-10-23 ZA ZA9709513A patent/ZA979513B/en unknown
- 1997-10-24 EP EP97948797A patent/EP0975845B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-24 AT AT97948797T patent/ATE206180T1/en active
- 1997-10-24 WO PCT/EP1997/005880 patent/WO1998017878A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-10-24 AU AU68118/98A patent/AU6811898A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-24 DE DE69707019T patent/DE69707019D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9817878A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW335427B (en) | 1998-07-01 |
EP0975845B1 (en) | 2001-09-26 |
ZA979513B (en) | 1998-05-12 |
AU6811898A (en) | 1998-05-15 |
DE19644317A1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
DE69707019D1 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
WO1998017878A1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
ATE206180T1 (en) | 2001-10-15 |
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