EP0968064B1 - Verfahren und niederdruckgiessanlage mit keramischer kokille - Google Patents

Verfahren und niederdruckgiessanlage mit keramischer kokille Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0968064B1
EP0968064B1 EP98964545A EP98964545A EP0968064B1 EP 0968064 B1 EP0968064 B1 EP 0968064B1 EP 98964545 A EP98964545 A EP 98964545A EP 98964545 A EP98964545 A EP 98964545A EP 0968064 B1 EP0968064 B1 EP 0968064B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
value
casting
liquid metal
space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98964545A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0968064A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Louis Comarteau
Christophe Liebaut
Alain Remy
Didier Thomas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain SEVA SA
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Saint Gobain SEVA SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a low pressure casting installation of a metallic composition in liquid state, in a mold comprising a ceramic shell, one side of which delimits a casting space and a mass of sand without binder in contact with the other face of the shell, the mold being placed in a box having at its base a access connected to the pouring space and connected by a line for supplying liquid metal to a metal source liquid below, for example a casting furnace.
  • the source of metal liquid such as a casting furnace is set communication with a pressurized gas source of such that is applied to the liquid metal contained in the liquid metal source, a first value of pressure by which the liquid metal is brought in and maintained in the area of the caisson access for this liquid metal.
  • the level of liquid metal is raised above the mold threshold where it was, increasing the pressure to a second value slightly higher than the value necessary to bring the liquid metal to fill the casting space, in order to have a margin of security and to be certain that all the crevices of the mold, even the tallest ones, are filled with metal liquid, and the pressure is maintained at this second value for enough time to leave establish a rest regime, and a metallo-static pressure weak on the shell walls in ceramic.
  • the pressure is further increased to a third value to fill the cavities or possible shrinkage, and the pressure is maintained at this third value for a period allowing to obtain the desired solidification of the metal contained in the mold, after which we decrease the pressure of such so that the level of unused liquid metal drops approximately at the initial level, and we maintain this pressure for the time required for example to remove the mold, unmold the piece, and put a mold allowing the manufacture of another part.
  • the ceramic shells of these molds generally have an extremely thick weak and thus a certain flexibility which their confers, when subjected to pressure from the liquid metal, a tendency to undergo deformations which affect their dimensional stability.
  • the box has a second access connected to the space where the mass of sand is, connected by a suction line to a delivery device depression.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages and to this end relates to a method of low pressure casting in a mold comprising a ceramic shell, one side of which defines a space of casting and. a space containing a mass of sand without binder in contact with the other face of the shell, the mold being placed in a box having at its base a access connected to the pouring space and connected to a source of liquid metal below, process in which applies to the liquid metal of the source a first pressure value suitable for supplying liquid metal in the region of said access, the pressure is increased up to a second value slightly higher than a value needed to fill the casting space and we maintains this second value for a first predetermined duration, then the pressure is increased to a third value and we maintain this third value for a second predetermined duration, then we decreases the pressure so that the level of the liquid metal descend approximately in the region of said access or below, characterized in that, approximately when the pouring space becomes completely filled with liquid metal, the pressure in the space of the mass of sand below atmospheric pressure up
  • the invention also relates to an installation for the implementation of the above process, comprising a mold comprising a ceramic shell, one side of which delimits a casting space, and a space containing a mass of sand without binder in contact with the other face of the shell, the mold being placed in a box presenting at its base an access connected to the space of poured and connected to a source of liquid metal in below, installation characterized in that the box internally has a vacuum chamber provided with less an air permeable wall region having an access opening provided with a vacuum outlet to be connected to a suction device via a solenoid valve controlled by a programmable controller also controlling a device for regulating source pressure of liquid metal.
  • the installation according to the invention can moreover feature the fact that the room vacuum extends annularly in the box against a base wall and side walls thereof.
  • the molding process can be implemented very quickly and can be controlled precisely with an investment in remaining material despite everything moderate.
  • the installation according to the invention comprises a box 1 in which is formed a mold 2 comprising a ceramic shell 21 which may be of the type "Consumable" of which one side delimits a space of casting 22 whose shape corresponds to the outside shape of the part to be cast, and a mass 23 of sand without binder in the space of the box delimited between the walls of this one and the other side of the shell and so in contact with this other side.
  • a mold 2 comprising a ceramic shell 21 which may be of the type "Consumable" of which one side delimits a space of casting 22 whose shape corresponds to the outside shape of the part to be cast, and a mass 23 of sand without binder in the space of the box delimited between the walls of this one and the other side of the shell and so in contact with this other side.
  • the thickness of the shell 21 may be small, for example a thickness of 2 mm can be reached.
  • the thickness is in the range of 2 to 4 mm, but the process is also suitable for greater thicknesses.
  • the box 1 has a base wall 11 and side walls 12 having a common edge with the base wall and top edge bent outwards so as to constitute a flange 13 extending parallel to the base wall.
  • the base wall has an access opening 14 connected to the casting space 22 by a seal 15 tubular with a part fitted into the opening of the base wall and a part serving as worn on the inside, of conjugate shape, of the mouth (lower) of the shell 21.
  • Case 1 has a vacuum chamber 3 annular extending against the peripheral region of its base wall 11 and the side wall regions 12 which end up at this base wall.
  • This room vacuum has at least one wall 31 in contact with the mass of sand 23; this wall 31 includes at least one region breathable but sandproof.
  • One of the walls sides of the box 1 and of the vacuum chamber 3 comprises a second access opening 16 opening into the vacuum chamber, fitted with a vacuum outlet 17.
  • the mass of sand 23 fills the space of the box 1 between the walls thereof and the shell 21, at with the exception of the vacuum chamber 3.
  • the box is placed on a support plate (not shown) having an opening opposite the access opening of its base wall.
  • the support plate is everything first placed on a vibrating device (also not shown) comprising for example rollers eccentrics.
  • the box 1 when the shell 21 is positioned on the seal 15, the box 1 can be filled with soft sand, that is to say without binder, while being vibrated to obtain maximum densification.
  • the sand level is then equalized with the rule to obtain a level regular on the upper surface of the box.
  • the box 1 filled with sand is then ready to be transported near a casting furnace 4, arranged below the box.
  • the box is positioned so that the access opening 14 of its base wall lined with the gasket 15 is opposite an outlet neck 41 of a metal supply pipe 42 liquid from the oven, so that the neck can be secured to the box and that the supply line thus connects the mold casting space to the interior space of the oven.
  • a movable plate 5 under which is fixed a seal 51 is attached to the box for example by clamping to constitute the cover of the latter, the seal 51 then being interposed between the plate and the flange 13 formed on the side walls of the caisson.
  • the seal crushed between the plate and the flange, following the shape of these, so lets do the empty inside the box.
  • the vacuum outlet 17 is tightly connected to a pipe 61 connecting this socket to a device suction 6 comprising a vacuum manifold 62 setting vacuum by a pump 63 such as a pallets.
  • a solenoid valve 64 controlled by a PLC programmable 7 is inserted between the vacuum manifold 62 and the vacuum outlet 17 of the box; a pressure gauge 65 measures the pressure at the inlet of the box.
  • the casting furnace 4 comprises, above the mass 43 of liquid metal, a vault 44 connected by a pressure line 45 to a pressure device pressure regulation 8 also controlled by the programmable controller 7.
  • the liquid metal of the casting furnace 4 is applied, by means of the pressurization line 45, a pressure of value P1 for example of the order of 1.15 absolute bars, which brings the liquid metal by a movement ascending in the region of access opening 14 of the base of the box 1, at the threshold of the mouth of the mold 2.
  • phase AB increase the pressure (phase AB), until a P2 value for example of approximately 1.4 bar absolute, and more generally a value slightly greater than that necessary to fill completely so ascending the casting space with a safety margin ⁇ h sufficient, and we maintain this value to let establish a rest regime (BC phase).
  • the reduction of the pressure in space of the mass of sand quickly, because the duration of this phase of decrease below atmospheric pressure up to the vacuum value chosen must be shorter than that of phase BC where the mass of liquid metal is subjected to the pressure of P2 value.
  • the liquid metal pressure at the P2 value here of 1.4 bars not only until the cavity 22 is filled, but also as long as the depression in the mass of sand did not reach the chosen level.
  • the shell 21 being stiffened by the compaction of the mass of sand due to depression, we further increases the pressure applied to the liquid metal (CD phase) up to a value P3 for example of the order 1.7 bars to fill cavities or shrinkage possible, and we maintain this value P3 of overpressure for a period allowing to obtain everything first a solidified crust against the shell, then the solidification of the metal contained in the mold (phase DE).
  • a value P3 for example of the order 1.7 bars to fill cavities or shrinkage possible
  • the depression in the mass of sand is maintained at a value corresponding to the pressure absolute from 0.5 to 0.9 bar here approximately up to point E, and in any case the "vacuum” must not be “Broken” before the metal crust formed against the shell 21.
  • phase EF liquid metal
  • the depression being applied to the mass of sand after filling of the shell it does not affect the flow of the metal in the latter, and this flow remains controlled by pressure, while the depression in the mass of sand ensures the stiffening of the shell in the overpressure phase at pressure P3, which is the most critical, at least as long as the shell is not stiffened by a metal crust.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Gießverfahren, das unter Unterdruck in einer Form (2) durchgeführt wird, die eine Keramikkokille (21), wovon eine Seite einen Gießraum (22) begrenzt, und einen Raum (23), der eine bindemittelfreie Sandmasse enthält, die sich mit der anderen Seite der Kokille in Berührung befindet, umfasst, wobei die Form in einem Kasten (1) angeordnet ist, der im Boden einen Einlaß (14) aufweist, der in den Gießraum führt und an eine weiter unten liegende Quelle (4) für eine Metallschmelze angeschlossen ist, und in welchem auf die Metallschmelze in der Quelle ein erster Druck mit dem Wert (P1) ausgeübt, der geeignet ist, sie in den Bereich des Einlasses zu bringen, der Druck auf einen zweiten Wert (P2) erhöht, der etwas höher als der zum Füllen des Gießraums erforderliche Wert ist, der zweite Wert einen festgelegten ersten Zeitraum (BC) lang aufrechterhalten, anschließend der Druck auf einen dritten Wert (P3) erhöht, der einen zweiten festgelegten Zeitraum (DE) lang aufrechterhalten wird, und danach der Druck vermindert wird, damit der Spiegel der Metallschmelze bis etwa in den Bereich des Einlasses (14) oder darunter sinkt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ungefähr, wenn der Gießraum vollständig mit Metallschmelze gefüllt ist, der Druck in dem mit Sandmasse gefüllten Raum (23) auf einen festgelegten Unterdruckwert unterhalb des Luftdrucks gesenkt, dieser Unterdruckwert wenigstens so lange aufrechterhalten, bis an der Kokille (21) eine erstarrte Schicht erhalten wird, und der Druck in dem mit Sandmasse gefüllten Raum wieder bis auf etwa den Luftdruck steigen gelassen wird.
  2. Gießverfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dauer der Phase, in welcher der Druck in dem mit Sandmasse gefüllten Raum (23) auf einen festgelegten Unterdruckwert unterhalb des Luftdrucks gesenkt wird, kürzer als der festgelegte erste Zeitraum (BC) ist.
  3. Gießverfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Phase, in welcher der Druck in dem mit Sandmasse gefüllten Raum (23) auf etwa den Luftdruck erhöht wird, vor dem Ende (F) der Phase (EF) beendet wird, in welcher der Druck, unter welchem die in der Quelle (4) enthaltene Metallschmelze gehalten wird, derart vermindert wird, dass der Spiegel der Metallschmelze etwa in den Bereich des Einlasses (14) oder darunter sinkt.
  4. Gießverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der festgelegte Unterdruckwert einem Druck von etwa 0,5 bis 0,9 bar absolut entspricht.
  5. Gießverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Druckwert (P1) etwa 1,15 bar absolut beträgt.
  6. Gießverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Druckwert (P2) etwa 1,4 bar absolut beträgt.
  7. Gießverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der dritte Druckwert (P3) etwa 1,7 bar absolut beträgt.
  8. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, welche eine Form (2), die eine Keramikkokille (21), wovon eine Seite einen Gießraum (22) begrenzt, und einen Raum, der eine bindemittelfreie Sandmasse (23) enthält, die sich mit der anderen Seite der Kokille in Berührung befindet, umfasst, wobei die Form in einem Kasten (1) angeordnet ist, der im Boden einen Einlaß (14) aufweist, der in den Gießraum führt und an eine weiter unten liegende Quelle (4) für eine Metallschmelze angeschlossen ist, und innen eine Vakuumkammer (3) enthält, die mit mindestens einem luftdurchlässigen Wandbereich (31) versehen ist und eine mit einem Vakuumanschluß (17) versehene Zugangsöffnung (16) aufweist, um an eine Absaugeinrichtung (6) angeschlossen zu werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vakuumanschluß (17) über ein Elektroventil (64), das von einem programmierbaren Automaten (7) geregelt wird, der auch eine Einrichtung (8) zur Regelung des Drucks der Quelle (4) für die Metallschmelze steuert, an die Absaugeinrichtung (6) angeschlossen ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vakuumkammer (3) ringförmig im Kasten an dem Boden (11) und den Seitenwänden (12) verläuft.
EP98964545A 1998-01-07 1998-12-29 Verfahren und niederdruckgiessanlage mit keramischer kokille Expired - Lifetime EP0968064B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9800091A FR2773337B1 (fr) 1998-01-07 1998-01-07 Procede et installation de coulee sous basse pression dans un moule a coquille ceramique
FR9800091 1998-01-07
PCT/FR1998/002908 WO1999034945A1 (fr) 1998-01-07 1998-12-29 Procede et installation de coulee sous basse pression dans un moule a coquille ceramique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0968064A1 EP0968064A1 (de) 2000-01-05
EP0968064B1 true EP0968064B1 (de) 2002-10-23

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ID=9521572

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98964545A Expired - Lifetime EP0968064B1 (de) 1998-01-07 1998-12-29 Verfahren und niederdruckgiessanlage mit keramischer kokille

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6422293B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0968064B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2282673A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69808892T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2186248T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2773337B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1999034945A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6766850B2 (en) * 2001-12-27 2004-07-27 Caterpillar Inc Pressure casting using a supported shell mold
DE10352179B4 (de) * 2003-11-05 2007-09-06 Dihag Deutsche Giesserei- Und Industrie-Holding Ag Niederdruckgießverfahren zur Herstellung eines Gußteils
DE102006045267A1 (de) * 2006-09-22 2008-03-27 Kurtz Gmbh Gießvorrichtung zur Herstellung offenporiger Schaumstrukturen aus Metall, Metalllegierungen, Kunststoff oder Keramik mit oder ohne geschlossene Außenhülle
CN102962433A (zh) * 2012-12-06 2013-03-13 淄博宏泰防腐有限公司 镁合金低压铸造设备
JP6406510B2 (ja) * 2014-12-26 2018-10-17 日産自動車株式会社 鋳造方法及び鋳造装置
JP6406509B2 (ja) * 2014-12-26 2018-10-17 日産自動車株式会社 鋳造装置及び鋳造方法
WO2016113879A1 (ja) 2015-01-15 2016-07-21 日産自動車株式会社 低圧鋳造方法及び低圧鋳造装置

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57139465A (en) * 1981-02-24 1982-08-28 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Control method for pressure charging furnace
FR2534167B1 (fr) * 1982-10-11 1985-06-07 Pont A Mousson Procede de fabrication en fonderie de pieces moulees en alliages metalliques oxydables
FR2556996B1 (fr) * 1983-12-26 1988-03-11 Pont A Mousson Procede d'alimentation de moules de fonderie en alliages metalliques sous pression differentielle controlee
JPH0357549A (ja) * 1989-07-25 1991-03-12 Daido Steel Co Ltd 減圧吸上鋳造法
US5069271A (en) * 1990-09-06 1991-12-03 Hitchiner Corporation Countergravity casting using particulate supported thin walled investment shell mold
JPH04187359A (ja) * 1990-11-21 1992-07-06 Hitachi Ltd 低圧鋳造装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2773337B1 (fr) 2000-02-11
DE69808892D1 (de) 2002-11-28
EP0968064A1 (de) 2000-01-05
FR2773337A1 (fr) 1999-07-09
ES2186248T3 (es) 2003-05-01
WO1999034945A1 (fr) 1999-07-15
CA2282673A1 (fr) 1999-07-15
DE69808892T2 (de) 2003-02-20
US6422293B1 (en) 2002-07-23

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