EP0962691B1 - Yttriumoxid enthaltender Gasglühkörper - Google Patents

Yttriumoxid enthaltender Gasglühkörper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0962691B1
EP0962691B1 EP19990304169 EP99304169A EP0962691B1 EP 0962691 B1 EP0962691 B1 EP 0962691B1 EP 19990304169 EP19990304169 EP 19990304169 EP 99304169 A EP99304169 A EP 99304169A EP 0962691 B1 EP0962691 B1 EP 0962691B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxide
mantle
mol
yttrium
combustible
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19990304169
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0962691A3 (de
EP0962691A2 (de
Inventor
Rosemarie Darmanin
Adrian M. Borg
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Levelrecall Ltd
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Levelrecall Ltd
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21H—INCANDESCENT MANTLES; OTHER INCANDESCENT BODIES HEATED BY COMBUSTION
    • F21H1/00—Incandescent mantles; Selection of imbibition liquids therefor
    • F21H1/02—Incandescent mantles; Selection of imbibition liquids therefor characterised by the material thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to incandescent low-pressure gas mantles useful for fixed fuel-burning lanterns, such as stationary lamp posts, patio lights or wall-bracket mounted lights. Typically, such mantles are used with gas pressures of about 2.7 KPa (280mm H 2 O gauge). More particularly, the present invention relates to pre-formed (hard) gas mantles.
  • incandescent gas mantle depends on a number of factors. Of primary importance is the illumination provided by the mantle (illuminating power and colour), both in absolute terms and in respect of the amount of fuel consumed. Also important is the durability of the mantle both in terms of its physical strength and period of useful light output.
  • incandescent gas mantles have been made from thorium oxide with small quantities of cerium oxide and magnesium oxide and are known as Welsbach mantles (see, for example, US 563524). Thorium is radioactive and decays to give, inter alia, thoron-220 (radon-220) and lead. Although the quantity of thorium used in each mantle is small and may be considered to present an insignificant health risk in the finished article, the industrial production of gas mantles uses large quantities of thorium which require careful and expensive handling procedures. Thus, there is a potential health and environmental hazard at manufacturing sites. In addition these compositions are brittle and so may require an additional hardening procedure during manufacture.
  • EP 0082062 discloses non-radioactive mantles based on zirconia which contain calcium oxide (10 to 25 mol%), aluminium oxide and magnesium oxide (0 to 5 mol% total), and oxides selected from iron, manganese, praseodymium and cerium (0 to 1 mol% total). Calcium oxide is used to promote a cubic zirconia crystal structure which is desirable for resistance to mechanical and thermal shocks.
  • EP(UK) 0159212 discloses mantles based on those described in EP 0082062 in which the calcium oxide is replaced partially or completely by yttrium oxide as the cubic zirconia stabiliser.
  • Yttrium oxide is present in the range of 5 to 20 mol%, with magnesium oxide/aluminium oxide (2 to 15 mol%) and one or more of the oxides of iron, chromium, manganese, praseodymium and cerium (0.01 to 1.0 mol% total).
  • EP 0101086 discloses gas mantles comprising a host metal oxide (eg. yttrium, thorium, zirconium or rare earth metal oxide), a rare earth metal oxide (different to the host metal oxide) as a radiation modifying dopant, and a strengthening dopant (eg. an oxide of aluminium, magnesium, beryllium or calcium).
  • a host metal oxide eg. yttrium, thorium, zirconium or rare earth metal oxide
  • a rare earth metal oxide different to the host metal oxide
  • a strengthening dopant eg. an oxide of aluminium, magnesium, beryllium or calcium
  • GB 2145811 discloses an yttrium oxide based gas mantle mainly for use in portable lanterns which are supplied with high pressure gas from a bottle or cylinder.
  • the mantle contains cerium oxide to improve the illuminating power and a small amount of a crystal growth inhibitor such as magnesium oxide and/or aluminium oxide.
  • a critical amount of cerium oxide of 1.8 to 3.8 parts per 100 parts of yttrium oxide by weight is essential. This corresponds to a maximum range of 2.3 to 4.8 mol% of the total composition.
  • the disclosed quantity of magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide corresponds to 0.54 to 9.9 mol% magnesium oxide and 0.21 to 4.2 mol% aluminium oxide of the total composition.
  • the only composition specifically disclosed is unsatisfactory for low pressure gas mantles because it has inadequate light output characteristics and tensile strength (see Table 1).
  • pre-formed is used herein to describe a mantle which has been burnt off by the manufacturer of the mantle before sale, the mantle usually being tied onto a ring prior to the burning off.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a low pressure pre-formed gas mantle having good light output, tensile strength and durability.
  • a pre-formed low pressure gas mantle having a body comprising: (A) 77.1 to 85.3 mol% yttrium oxide as the predominant metal oxide, (B) 1.4 to 3.1 mol% of at least one lanthanide oxide, (C) 2.2 to 5.0 mol% of at least one of magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide, and (D) 11.1 to 14.8 mol% of calcium oxide, based on the total molar content of (A), (B), (C) and (D).
  • the above ratio of components (A), (B), (C) and (D) is critical in obtaining a low-pressure gas mantle which is of high illuminating power and produces a light of satisfactory colour. More particularly, the durability (i.e. length of time over which the mantle can be burnt without significant deterioration of the light output) of mantles according to the present invention is good.
  • mantle bodies having this composition are of a sufficient strength that a hardening procedure to avoid rupture of the mantle is not required.
  • said body consists only of components (A), (B), (C) and (D).
  • component (B) consists of at least one of cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide and erbium oxide and more preferably is cerium oxide.
  • Component (C) is preferably magnesium oxide.
  • a preferred molar composition range is:
  • a highly preferred molar composition is:
  • a process for the preparation of a pre-formed low pressure gas mantle including the steps of:-
  • Step (ii) may be achieved using ammonia vapour, aqueous ammonia solution, an amine and/or a caustic alkali solution.
  • an amine such as triethanolamine
  • step (iii) is effected using an aqueous KOH solution (25% by weight) at room temperature, when such loss does not occur.
  • the combustible reticulated material may be any woven combustible filamentary material.
  • Such filamentary material preferably has a fineness of about 220 to 350 Dtex, with a Dtex of about 330 being particularly preferred.
  • Preferably said material is rayon.
  • the concentration of the metal salts in step (i) is 25 to 50 % by weight.
  • the metal salts are preferably nitrates. It has been found that, at lower concentrations, there is a risk that insufficient metal salt may be absorbed into the reticulated material, resulting in weak mantles. At higher concentrations, the conversion step (ii) tends to be less efficient, which can lead to uneven conversion. In addition, the impregnated material tends to be stiff and it becomes progressively more difficult to achieve the required mantle shape without breakage.
  • Knitted tubes of rayon mesh (330 Dtex) are soaked in an impregnating solution of metal nitrates having the following composition:
  • the mesh tubes When dry, the mesh tubes are cut and the mantles shaped in a manner known per se. Since no hardening procedure is necessary, the mantles are now tied to ceramic rings by means of a non-combustible yarn, eg. an aramid or asbestos, for health reasons an aramid is preferred.
  • a non-combustible yarn eg. an aramid or asbestos
  • the rayon is then burnt off, to leave a hard lattice of metal oxides. This is done in a manner known per se, with a powerful flame having a high flow of an air and gas mixture.
  • the mantles thus prepared have a molar composition of:-
  • the mantles thus prepared have a molar composition of:-
  • the mantles thus prepared have a molar composition of:-
  • the mantles thus prepared have a molar composition of:-
  • the mantles thus prepared have a molar composition of:-
  • Example 1 The same method is employed as for Example 1 above, using the following impregnating solution, which has the same molar composition as that disclosed in GB-B-2145811:
  • Mantles 1 to 3 and C1 to C3 are indicated in Table 1 below.
  • Examples 1 to 3 are superior to Comparative Examples 2 and 3 in terms of average light output, light quality, tensile strength and durability.
  • Examples 1 to 3 are comparable to Comparative Example 1 in terms of average light output and light quality, but superior in terms of tensile strength and durability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Vorgeformter Niederdruck-Gasglühkörper mit einem Körper, der aufweist: (A) 77,1% bis 85,3 Mol% Yttriumoxid als das überwiegende Metalloxid, (B) 1,4% bis 3,1 Mol% mindestens ein Lanthanoidoxid, (C) 2,2% bis 5,0 Mol% mindestens ein aus Magnesiumoxid und Aluminiumoxid, sowie (D) 11,1% bis 14,8 Mol% Calciumoxid bezogen auf den molaren Gesamtgehalt an (A), (B), (C) und (D).
  2. Glühkörper nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Körper im wesentlichen lediglich aus den Komponenten (A), (B), (C) und (D) besteht.
  3. Glühkörper nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei Komponente (B) mindestens aus einem aus Ceroxid, Praseodymoxid und Erbiumoxid besteht.
  4. Glühkörper nach Anspruch 3, wobei Komponente (B) Ceroxid ist.
  5. Glühkörper nach einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche, wobei die Komponente (C) Magnesiumoxid ist.
  6. Glühkörper nach einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche, wobei die molare Zusammensetzung in dem Bereich liegt:
    Yttriumoxid (A) 78,7 bis 83,2%;
    Ceroxid (B) 1,7 bis 2,9%;
    Magnesiumoxid (C) 3,3 bis 4,8%;
    Calciumoxid (D) 12,6 bis 14,2%.
  7. Glühkörper nach Anspruch 6, wobei die molare Zusammensetzung beträgt:
    Yttriumoxid (A) 80,4%;
    Ceroxid (B) 2,55%;
    Magnesiumoxid (C) 4,00%;
    Calciumoxid (D) 13,05%.
  8. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines vorgeformten Niederdruck-Gasglühkörpers, einschließend die Schritte:
    (i) Tränken eines brennbaren vernetzten Materials mit einer wässrigen Lösung von Metallsalzen;
    (ii) Umwandeln der Salze in die entsprechenden Metallhydroxide; und
    (iii) Umwandeln der Metallhydroxide in die entsprechenden Oxide, um so einen Körper zu formen, der aufweist: (A) 77,1% bis 85,3 Mol% Yttriumoxid als das überwiegende Metalloxid, (B) 1,4% bis 3,1 Mol% mindestens ein Lanthanoidoxid, (C) 2,2% bis 5,0 Mol% mindestens ein aus Magnesiumoxid und Aluminiumoxid, sowie (D) 11,1% bis 14,8 Mol% Calciumoxid bezogen auf den molaren Gesamtgehalt an (A), (B), (C) und (D).
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, bei welchem Schritt (ii) ausgerührt wird unter Verwendung von Ammoniakdampf, wässrige Ammoniaklösung, einem Amin und/oder einer Ätzalkalilösung.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, bei welchem Schritt (ii) ausgeführt wird unter Verwendung einer wässrigen KOH-Lösung bei Raumtemperatur.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche 8 bis 10, bei welchem das in Schritt (i) bezeichnete brennbare vernetzte Material ein gewebtes, brennbares, filamentäres Material ist, das eine Feinheit im Bereich von etwa 220 bis 350 dtex hat.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, bei welchem das gewebte, brennbare Netzmaterial eine Feinheit von 330 dtex hat.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche 8 bis 12, bei welchem die Konzentration der Metallsalze in Schritt (i) 25% bis 50 Gewichtsprozent beträgt.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche, bei welchem die Metallsalze Nitrate sind.
EP19990304169 1998-06-06 1999-05-28 Yttriumoxid enthaltender Gasglühkörper Expired - Lifetime EP0962691B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9812110.6A GB9812110D0 (en) 1998-06-06 1998-06-06 Yttrium oxide based gas mantle
GB9812110 1998-06-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0962691A2 EP0962691A2 (de) 1999-12-08
EP0962691A3 EP0962691A3 (de) 2000-10-25
EP0962691B1 true EP0962691B1 (de) 2003-05-14

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP19990304169 Expired - Lifetime EP0962691B1 (de) 1998-06-06 1999-05-28 Yttriumoxid enthaltender Gasglühkörper

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0962691B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69907806T2 (de)
GB (1) GB9812110D0 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US563524A (en) 1896-07-07 Incandescent lighting substance
FR2518218A1 (fr) 1981-12-11 1983-06-17 Commissariat Energie Atomique Materiau candoluminescent, son procede de preparation et son utilisation comme manchon de lampe a gaz
US4975044A (en) 1982-08-16 1990-12-04 Tpv Energy Systems, Inc. Gas mantle technology
US4533317A (en) 1983-08-29 1985-08-06 The Coleman Company, Inc. Yttrium oxide mantles for fuel-burning lanterns
CA2514061A1 (en) 2003-02-14 2004-09-02 Combinatorx, Incorporated Combination therapy for the treatment of immunoinflammatory disorders

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0962691A3 (de) 2000-10-25
GB9812110D0 (en) 1998-08-05
EP0962691A2 (de) 1999-12-08
DE69907806T2 (de) 2004-01-22
DE69907806D1 (de) 2003-06-18

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