EP0961906B1 - Method for active attenuation of a combustion oscillation, and use of the method - Google Patents
Method for active attenuation of a combustion oscillation, and use of the method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0961906B1 EP0961906B1 EP98906838A EP98906838A EP0961906B1 EP 0961906 B1 EP0961906 B1 EP 0961906B1 EP 98906838 A EP98906838 A EP 98906838A EP 98906838 A EP98906838 A EP 98906838A EP 0961906 B1 EP0961906 B1 EP 0961906B1
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- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- fuel
- supplied
- combustion chamber
- oscillation
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M20/00—Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
- F23M20/005—Noise absorbing means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/16—Systems for controlling combustion using noise-sensitive detectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00013—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by active means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for active damping Combustion vibration in a combustion chamber and one corresponding combustion device.
- Active damping of a combustion oscillation is achieved in that an actuator (Piezo actuator) the amount of fuel supplied to a burner modulated.
- a microphone picks up the acoustic vibrations the combustion chamber.
- the microphone signal becomes a control signal for regulating the modulation of the amount of fuel supplied so derived that the modulation of the supplied
- the amount of fuel is counter-cyclical to the combustion oscillation.
- WO93 / 10401 A discloses a burner arrangement with two Burners in a common combustion chamber.
- the burner fuel can be supplied via a fuel line.
- an acoustically effective element coupled to the Fuel line.
- This is preferably a passive element, e.g. in the form of a Helmholtz resonator, through which the acoustic Properties of the fuel line are changed, i.e. by which the fuel line is acoustically detuned.
- the acoustically effective Element is a loudspeaker that is transmitted to the Fuel flow acts in the fuel line.
- the loudspeaker is controlled according to the only disclosed embodiment via an outside of the Combustion chamber arranged microphone.
- the object of the invention is to provide a simple method for active Damping a combustion vibration in a combustion chamber specify.
- WO 98/10226 shows a method for damping a Combustion vibration in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
- the active combustion oscillation is modulated by a Pilot fuel flow reached.
- the main fuel flow remains unmodulated.
- the modulation of the Pilot fuel flow necessary actuators can due the comparatively small amount of fuel so executed that they meet the quick regulatory requirements suffice.
- volume 096 no .: 002, 29. February 1996 becomes the fuel fed to a burner divided in different ways. This happens via an injection of the fuel over two Nozzles. The two nozzles are controlled via a Sensor signal.
- the object directed at the method is solved by Specification of a method for actively damping a combustion oscillation in a combustion chamber with a control the actuators take place via a number of measured variables which is smaller than the number of actuators, the Measurements of the characterization of the combustion vibration serve and wherein the control of at least one Actuator about a symmetry of the combustion vibration is determined.
- a manipulated variable means a system variable which is described by a physical quantity z. B. a quantity supplied at a certain point Fuel. Another manipulated variable would be z. B. an amount of fuel supplied elsewhere, or z. B. a lot of supplied combustion air.
- An actuator is accordingly not mandatory as an apparatus Unity.
- the designation actuator can also comprise two or more means, together a steep size influence, e.g. B. two speakers in common modulate a mass flow of combustion air.
- Combustion is supplied with fuel and combustion air, preferably a quantity of the combustion as the manipulated variable supplied fuel and / or a lot of the Combustion supplied combustion air can be used but other control variables are also used at the same time can be.
- the fuel mass flow is preferred and / or the combustion air mass flow modulated. So that is it is possible to actively dampen a combustion vibration about the modulation of the amount of fuel supplied and / or the amount of combustion air supplied.
- a combustion vibration forms in the combustion chamber an acoustic natural vibration or a sound field.
- a sound field is characterized by characteristic sound field sizes, such as. Sound pressure and sound speed marked, their time courses have certain periodic regularities.
- a sound field typically has spatial areas within which the sound field sizes with different Periodically oscillate amplitudes. Sound field sizes in different spatial areas of the sound field are temporal in their vibrations to each other, in one for characteristic of the sound field shifted, they point thus a characteristic phase shift. Point the spatial areas described have a certain regularity in their characteristics, one speaks of symmetry of the sound field.
- the acoustic Characterized natural vibration From this knowledge of the existing sound field is about the symmetry of the acoustic natural vibration in the combustion chamber the control the actuators derived by the respective spatial Position is taken into account at which an actuator Combustion vibration affects. Are preferred just like that many measurands determined how it is for characterization the natural vibration is required. With the characterization the acoustic natural vibration is known which Phase and amplitude of the combustion vibration at the location of one Has engagement of an actuator. This results in the Regulation necessary for damping the combustion vibration each actuator. The number of measuring points is therefore only through those necessary to characterize the natural vibration Number of measuring points defined.
- the actuators are also preferred to be countercyclical Combustion vibration controlled.
- An anti-cyclical control causes a particularly efficient damping of the combustion vibration.
- An anti-cyclical control is called one inverted to self-excited combustion vibration Fluctuation of the manipulated variable. For a harmonic combustion vibration this means that the manipulated variable with same frequency, but is impressed in phase opposition.
- the process is preferably carried out in an annular combustion chamber applied to a gas turbine.
- An annular combustion chamber one Gas turbine has a relatively large number of burners, which can each excite a combustion oscillation. It is desirable for each burner with its own actuator active damping of a combustion oscillation to be able to perform. The number of measured variables to be determined for these actuators can be kept small.
- Two or more actuators can be present in that a modulation device comprises two or more actuators or in that two or more modulation devices are present.
- This combustion device it is possible to reduce the necessary number of regulators and sensors and thus to reduce the design effort and actively dampen a combustion oscillation perform. The savings in sensors and controllers achieved in this way lead to considerable cost savings.
- a burner preferably has a fuel supply in each case and a combustion air supply, at least an actuator with the fuel supply or with Combustion air supply is connected. It is possible the damping of a combustion vibration by a Regulation of the amount of fuel supplied or the amount supplied Amount of combustion air. At the same time, too one actuator or several actuators another Modulate the manipulated variable or other manipulated variables.
- the burners are preferably hybrid burners, each comprising a premix burner and a pilot burner.
- the principle of a hybrid burner is described in the article "Progress in NO x and CO Emission Reduction of Gas Turbines", H. Maghon, P. Behrenbrink, H. Termuehlen and G. Gartner, ASME / IEEE Power Generation Conference, Boston, October 1990 , which is hereby explicitly referred to.
- the combustion chamber is preferably an annular combustion chamber Gas turbine.
- the only figure shows schematically one along an axis 31 directed gas turbine 33.
- a compressor 2 is fluidic connected to a turbine 3. Between compressor 2 and turbine 3, a combustion device 1 is connected.
- the combustion device 1 consists of a combustion chamber 4, open into the hybrid burner 5.
- Any hybrid burner 5 is made up of a conical premix burner 6, which simultaneously forms a combustion air supply 6a.
- the premix burner 6 surrounds a pilot burner 7 with its own Combustion air supply 7a.
- Each premix burner is 6
- Each Pilot burner 7 becomes fuel 28 via a fuel feed line 24 fed.
- the hybrid burners 5 are part in the combustion chamber 4, the other part in one of the combustion chamber 4 adjacent pre-chamber 4a arranged.
- each Fuel supply line 24 of the pilot burner 7 is an actuator 8 installed.
- the actuators 8 are electrically connected to a common control logic 9. This is electrically connected with a controller 10.
- the controller 10 is in turn electrical connected to a pressure sensor 11, in particular a Piezo pressure sensor 11.
- the pressure sensor 11 is at a measuring point 11a arranged in the combustion chamber 4.
- combustion air 29 is in the Compressor 2 is compressed and via a channel 21 into the prechamber 4a headed.
- the combustion air comes from the pre-chamber 4a 29 into the air supply channels 6a, 7a of the premix burner 6 and the pilot burner 7.
- the pilot burners 7 are supplied with fuel 28 and in the combustion air 29 burned as a pilot flame.
- the premix burners 6 becomes fuel 28 via the fuel feed lines 23 supplied and mixed with the combustion air 29.
- the fuel-air mixture entering the combustion chamber 4 ignites on the pilot flame.
- combustion vibration Through an interaction with the acoustics of the combustion chamber 4 a Train combustion vibration.
- Such a combustion vibration causes an acoustic natural vibration 30 or a sound field 30 in the combustion chamber 4.
- this acoustic natural vibration 30 is measured.
- the Pressure sensor 11. outputs a measurement signal.
- This measurement signal is converted into a control signal in the controller 10. From this control signal is a control with the help of control logic 9 determined for the actuators 8. This results in the control from the spatial position of a burner 5 and from the symmetry of the acoustic natural vibration 30.
- the Fuel supply for the pilot burner 7 becomes countercyclical regulated for combustion vibration, that is, the fuel mass flow each pilot burner 7 is modulated so that the amount of fuel injected into the combustion chamber 4 Location of the flame or the combustion zone of the respective pilot burner 7 in phase opposition and with the same frequency as that Combustion vibration changes in time at the location of the flame. In order to damping of the combustion vibration results.
- the Activation of the actuators 8 therefore requires a measurement only one measuring point 11a.
- a sensor 11 and a controller 10 are saved.
- the method is also especially for a combustion chamber 4 more than two burners 5 are suitable, for example for an annular combustion chamber, or for a silo combustion chamber with e.g. eight burners.
- the number of sensors 11 and controllers 10 is preferably such great as it is for the characterization of the acoustic natural vibration 30 is just required.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zur aktiven Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung und VerbrennungsvorrichtungMethod for active damping of a combustion oscillation and combustion device
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur aktiven Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung in einer Brennkammer sowie eine entsprechende Verbrennungsvorrichtung.The invention relates to a method for active damping Combustion vibration in a combustion chamber and one corresponding combustion device.
In dem Artikel "Aktive Dämpfung selbsterregter Brennkammerschwingungen″ (AIC) bei Druckzerstäuberbrennern durch Modulation der flüssigen Brennstoffzufuhr von J. Herrmann, D. Vortmeyer und S. Gleiß, VDI-Berichte Nr. 1090, 1993 ist beschrieben/ wie eine Verbrennungsschwingung in einer Brennkammer entsteht und wie sie aktiv gedämpft werden kann. Bei Verbrennungen in einer Brennkammer kann es zu einer selbsterregten Verbrennungsschwingung kommen, die auch als Verbrennungsinstabilität bezeichnet wird. Eine solche Verbrennungsschwingung entsteht durch die Wechselwirkung zwischen einer schwankenden Leistungsfreisetzung bei der Verbrennung und der Akustik der Brennkammer. Eine Verbrennungsschwingung geht häufig einher mit einer hohen Lärmemissionen und einer mechanischen Belastung der Brennkammer, die bis zu einer Zerstörung von Bauteilen führen kann. Eine aktive Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung wird dadurch erreicht, daß ein Stellglied (Piezoaktuator) die einem Brenner zugeführte Brennstoffmenge moduliert. Ein Mikrofon nimmt die akustischen Schwingungen in der Brennkammer auf. Aus dem Mikrofonsignal wird ein Regelsignal für die Regelung der Modulation der zugeführten Brennstoffmenge so abgeleitet, daß die Modulation der zugeführten Brennstoffmenge antizyklisch zur Verbrennungsschwingung erfolgt.In the article "Active damping of self-excited combustion chamber vibrations" (AIC) in pressure atomizer burners by modulation the liquid fuel supply by J. Herrmann, D. Vortmeyer and S. Gleiß, VDI-Report No. 1090, 1993 is described / like a combustion vibration in a combustion chamber arises and how it can be actively dampened. In case of burns in a combustion chamber it can become self-excited Combustion vibration comes out, which is also called combustion instability referred to as. Such a combustion vibration arises from the interaction between a fluctuating Performance release in combustion and acoustics the combustion chamber. A combustion vibration is common accompanied by high noise emissions and mechanical Burden of the combustion chamber leading to destruction Components can lead. Active damping of a combustion oscillation is achieved in that an actuator (Piezo actuator) the amount of fuel supplied to a burner modulated. A microphone picks up the acoustic vibrations the combustion chamber. The microphone signal becomes a control signal for regulating the modulation of the amount of fuel supplied so derived that the modulation of the supplied The amount of fuel is counter-cyclical to the combustion oscillation.
Die WO93/10401 A offenbart eine Brenneranordnung mit zwei Brennern in einer gemeinsamen Brennkammer. Jedem der Brenner ist über eine Brennstoffleitung Brennstoff zuführbar. An die Brennstoffleitung ist ein akustisch wirksames Element angekoppelt. Dies ist vorzugsweise ein passives Element, z.B. in Form eines Helmholtzresonators, durch das die akustischen Eigenschaften der Brennstoffleitung verändert werden, d.h. durch das die Brennstoffleitung akustisch verstimmt wird. In einer anderen Ausgestaltung ist das akustisch wirksame Element ein Lautsprecher, welcher über Schallwellen auf den Brennstoffstrom in der Brennstoffleitung einwirkt. Die Ansteuerung des Lautsprechers erfolgt gemäß einzig offenbarter Ausführungsform über ein außerhalb der Brennkammer angeordnetes Mikrofon.WO93 / 10401 A discloses a burner arrangement with two Burners in a common combustion chamber. Everyone the burner fuel can be supplied via a fuel line. To the Fuel line is an acoustically effective element coupled. This is preferably a passive element, e.g. in the form of a Helmholtz resonator, through which the acoustic Properties of the fuel line are changed, i.e. by which the fuel line is acoustically detuned. In Another embodiment is the acoustically effective Element is a loudspeaker that is transmitted to the Fuel flow acts in the fuel line. The The loudspeaker is controlled according to the only disclosed embodiment via an outside of the Combustion chamber arranged microphone.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein einfaches Verfahren zur aktiven Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung in einer Brennkammer anzugeben.The object of the invention is to provide a simple method for active Damping a combustion vibration in a combustion chamber specify.
Die WO 98/10226 zeigt ein Verfahren zur Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung in der Brennkammer einer Gasturbine. Die aktive Verbrennungsschwingung wird durch Modulation eines Pilotbrennstoffstromes erreicht. Der Hauptbrennstoffstrom bleibt unmoduliert. Trotz der vergleichsweise kleinen Menge an modulierten Brennstoff ergibt sich eine effektive aktive Dämpfung von Verbrennungsschwindungen. Die zur Modulation des Pilotbrennstoffsstromes nötigen Stellglieder können aufgrund der vergleichsweisen geringen Brennstoffmenge so ausgeführt werden, dass sie den schnellen Regelungsanforderungen genügen.WO 98/10226 shows a method for damping a Combustion vibration in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine. The active combustion oscillation is modulated by a Pilot fuel flow reached. The main fuel flow remains unmodulated. Despite the comparatively small amount modulated fuel results in an effective active Attenuation of combustion shrinkage. The modulation of the Pilot fuel flow necessary actuators can due the comparatively small amount of fuel so executed that they meet the quick regulatory requirements suffice.
In den Patent Abstract of Japan, Band 096 Nr.: 002, 29. Februar 1996 wird der einem Brenner zugeführte Brennstoff hinseitlich unterschiedlicher Weise aufgeteilt. Dies geschieht über eine Eindüsung des Brennstoffes über zwei Düsen. Die Ansteuerung der zwei Düsen erfolgt über ein Sensorsignal. In the Patent Abstract of Japan, volume 096 no .: 002, 29. February 1996 becomes the fuel fed to a burner divided in different ways. This happens via an injection of the fuel over two Nozzles. The two nozzles are controlled via a Sensor signal.
Die auf das Verfahren gerichtete Aufgabe wird gelöst durch Angabe eines Verfahrens zur aktiven Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung in einer Brennkammer wobei eine Ansteuerung der Stellglieder über eine Anzahl von Meßgrößen erfolgt, die kleiner ist als die Anzahl an Stellgliedern, wobei die Meßgrößen der Charakterisierung der Verbrennungsschwingung dienen und wobei die Ansteuerung mindestens eines Stellgliedes über eine Symmetrie der Verbrennungsschwingung ermittelt wird.The object directed at the method is solved by Specification of a method for actively damping a combustion oscillation in a combustion chamber with a control the actuators take place via a number of measured variables which is smaller than the number of actuators, the Measurements of the characterization of the combustion vibration serve and wherein the control of at least one Actuator about a symmetry of the combustion vibration is determined.
Dieses Verfahren ermöglicht es, mit einem geringen Meßaufwand eine Regelung zur aktiven Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung durchzuführen. Mit Stellgröße ist eine Systemgröße gemeint, die durch eine physikalische Größe beschrieben wird, z. B. eine an einer bestimmten Stelle zugeführte Menge an Brennstoff. Eine andere Stellgröße wäre in diesem Sinne z. B. eine an einer anderen Stelle zugeführte Brennstoffmenge oder z. B. eine Menge an zugeführter Verbrennungsluft. Ein Stellglied ist entsprechend nicht zwingend als eine apparative Einheit aufzufassen. Die Bezeichnung Stellglied kann auch zwei oder mehrere Mittel umfassen, die gemeinsam eine Steilgröße beeinflussen, z. B. zwei Lautsprecher, die gemeinsam einen Verbrennungsluftmassenstrom modulieren.This method makes it possible to measure with little effort a regulation for active damping of a combustion oscillation perform. A manipulated variable means a system variable which is described by a physical quantity z. B. a quantity supplied at a certain point Fuel. Another manipulated variable would be z. B. an amount of fuel supplied elsewhere, or z. B. a lot of supplied combustion air. An actuator is accordingly not mandatory as an apparatus Unity. The designation actuator can also comprise two or more means, together a steep size influence, e.g. B. two speakers in common modulate a mass flow of combustion air.
Der Verbrennung wird Brennstoff und Verbrennungsluft zugeführt, wobei bevorzugt als Stellgröße eine Menge von der Verbrennung zugeführtem Brennstoff und/oder eine Menge von der Verbrennung zugeführter Verbrennungsluft verwendet werden, wobei aber auch gleichzeitig andere Stellgrößen verwendet werden können. Bevorzugt wird der Brennstoffmassenstrom und/oder der Verbrennungsluftmassenstrom moduliert. Damit ist es möglich, die aktive Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung über die Modulation der zugeführten Brennstoffmenge und/oder der zugeführten Verbrennungsluftmenge durchzuführen. Combustion is supplied with fuel and combustion air, preferably a quantity of the combustion as the manipulated variable supplied fuel and / or a lot of the Combustion supplied combustion air can be used but other control variables are also used at the same time can be. The fuel mass flow is preferred and / or the combustion air mass flow modulated. So that is it is possible to actively dampen a combustion vibration about the modulation of the amount of fuel supplied and / or the amount of combustion air supplied.
Bei einer Verbrennungsschwingung bildet sich in der Brennkammer eine akustische Eigenschwingung bzw. ein Schallfeld aus. Ein Schallfeld ist durch charakteristische Schallfeldgrößen, wie z.B. Schalldruck und Schallschnelle gekennzeichnet, deren zeitliche Verläufe gewisse periodische Regelmäßigkeiten aufweisen. Ein Schallfeld weist typischerweise räumliche Bereiche auf, innerhalb derer die Schallfeldgrößen mit unterschiedlichen Amplituden periodisch schwingen. Schallfeldgrößen in verschiedenen räumlichen Bereichen des Schallfeldes sind in ihren Schwingungen zueinander zeitlich, in einer für das Schallfeld charakteristischen Weise verschoben, sie weisen also eine charakteristische Phasenverschiebung auf. Weisen die beschriebenen räumlichen Bereiche eine gewisse Regelmäßigkeit in ihren Merkmalen auf, so spricht man von Symmetrie des Schallfeldes.A combustion vibration forms in the combustion chamber an acoustic natural vibration or a sound field. A sound field is characterized by characteristic sound field sizes, such as. Sound pressure and sound speed marked, their time courses have certain periodic regularities. A sound field typically has spatial areas within which the sound field sizes with different Periodically oscillate amplitudes. Sound field sizes in different spatial areas of the sound field are temporal in their vibrations to each other, in one for characteristic of the sound field shifted, they point thus a characteristic phase shift. Point the spatial areas described have a certain regularity in their characteristics, one speaks of symmetry of the sound field.
Mithilfe einer Anzahl von Meßgrößen wird die akustische Eigenschwingung charakterisiert. Aus dieser Kenntnis des vorliegenden Schallfeldes wird über die Symmetrie der akustischen Eigenschwingung in der Brennkammer die Regelung der Stellglieder abgeleitet, indem die jeweilige räumliche Position berücksichtigt wird, an der ein Stellglied die Verbrennungsschwingung beeinflußt. Bevorzugt werden genau so viele Meßgrößen bestimmt, wie es für eine Charakterisierung der Eigenschwingung erforderlich ist. Mit der Charakterisierung der akustischen Eigenschwingung ist bekannt, welche Phase und Amplitude die Verbrennungsschwingung am Ort eines Eingriffs eines Stellglieds aufweist. Damit ergibt sich die für die Dämpfung der Verbrennungsschwingung erforderliche Regelung jedes Stellglieds. Die Anzahl an Meßstellen ist mithin nur durch die zur Charakterisierung der Eigenschwingung nötige Anzahl an Meßstellen festgelegt.The acoustic Characterized natural vibration. From this knowledge of the existing sound field is about the symmetry of the acoustic natural vibration in the combustion chamber the control the actuators derived by the respective spatial Position is taken into account at which an actuator Combustion vibration affects. Are preferred just like that many measurands determined how it is for characterization the natural vibration is required. With the characterization the acoustic natural vibration is known which Phase and amplitude of the combustion vibration at the location of one Has engagement of an actuator. This results in the Regulation necessary for damping the combustion vibration each actuator. The number of measuring points is therefore only through those necessary to characterize the natural vibration Number of measuring points defined.
Weiterhin bevorzugt werden die Stellglieder antizyklisch zur Verbrennungsschwingung angesteuert. Eine antizyklische Ansteuerung bewirkt eine besonders effiziente Dämpfung der Verbrennungsschwingung. Eine antizyklische Ansteuerung bezeichnet eine zur selbsterregten Verbrennungsschwingung invertierte Schwankung der Stellgröße. Für eine harmonische Verbrennungsschwingung bedeutet dies, daß die Stellgröße mit gleicher Frequenz, jedoch gegenphasig aufgeprägt wird.The actuators are also preferred to be countercyclical Combustion vibration controlled. An anti-cyclical control causes a particularly efficient damping of the combustion vibration. An anti-cyclical control is called one inverted to self-excited combustion vibration Fluctuation of the manipulated variable. For a harmonic combustion vibration this means that the manipulated variable with same frequency, but is impressed in phase opposition.
Bevorzugtermaßen wird das Verfahren in einer Ringbrennkammer einer Gasturbine angewendet. Eine Ringbrennkammer einer Gasturbine weist eine relativ große Zahl von Brennern auf, die jeweils eine Verbrennungsschwingung erregen können. Es ist wünschenswert, für jeden Brenner mit einem eigenen Stellglied eine aktive Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung durchführen zu können. Die Anzahl an zu bestimmenden Meßgrößen für diese Stellglieder kann klein gehalten werden.The process is preferably carried out in an annular combustion chamber applied to a gas turbine. An annular combustion chamber one Gas turbine has a relatively large number of burners, which can each excite a combustion oscillation. It is desirable for each burner with its own actuator active damping of a combustion oscillation to be able to perform. The number of measured variables to be determined for these actuators can be kept small.
Zur Durchführung des Verfahrens dient eine
Verbrennungsvorrichtung mit mindestens zwei Brennern in einer
Brennkammer denen jeweils mindestens ein Medium für die
Verbrennung zuführbar ist sowie mit mindestens einer
Modulationsvorrichtung, die:
Dabei können zwei oder mehr Stellglieder dadurch vorhanden
sein, daß eine Modulationsvorrichtung zwei oder mehr Stellglieder
umfaßt oder dadurch, daß zwei oder mehr Modulationsvorrichtungen
vorhanden sind. Mit dieser
Verbrennungsvorrichtung ist es möglich, die notwendige Anzahl
von Reglern und Sensoren zu reduzieren und somit eine
geringen konstruktivem Aufwand eine aktive Dämpfung einer
Verbrennungsschwingung
durchzuführen. Die so erzielte Einsparung an Sensoren und
Reglern führt zu erheblichen Kosteneinsparungen.Two or more actuators can be present in that a modulation device comprises two or more actuators or in that two or more modulation devices are present. With this combustion device, it is possible to reduce the necessary number of regulators and sensors and thus to reduce the design effort and actively dampen a combustion oscillation
perform. The savings in sensors and controllers achieved in this way lead to considerable cost savings.
Bevorzugtermaßen weist ein Brenner jeweils eine Brennstoffzuführung und eine Verbrennungsluftzuführung auf, wobei mindestens ein Stellglied mit der Brennstoffzuführung oder mit der Verbrennungsluftzuführung verbunden ist. Damit ist es möglich, die Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung durch eine Regelung der zugeführten Brennstoffmenge oder der zugeführten Verbrennungsluftmenge durchzuführen. Gleichzeitig kann auch ein Stellglied oder können mehrere Stellglieder eine andere Stellgröße oder andere Stellgrößen modulieren.A burner preferably has a fuel supply in each case and a combustion air supply, at least an actuator with the fuel supply or with Combustion air supply is connected. It is possible the damping of a combustion vibration by a Regulation of the amount of fuel supplied or the amount supplied Amount of combustion air. At the same time, too one actuator or several actuators another Modulate the manipulated variable or other manipulated variables.
Bevorzugtermaßen sind die Brenner Hybridbrenner, umfassend jeweils einen Vormischbrenner und einen Pilotbrenner. Das Prinzip eines Hybridbrenners ist beschrieben in dem Artikel "Progress in NOx and CO Emission Reduction of Gas Turbines", H. Maghon, P. Behrenbrink, H. Termuehlen und G. Gartner, ASME/IEEE Power Generation Conference, Boston, October 1990, worauf hiermit explizit Bezug genommen wird.The burners are preferably hybrid burners, each comprising a premix burner and a pilot burner. The principle of a hybrid burner is described in the article "Progress in NO x and CO Emission Reduction of Gas Turbines", H. Maghon, P. Behrenbrink, H. Termuehlen and G. Gartner, ASME / IEEE Power Generation Conference, Boston, October 1990 , which is hereby explicitly referred to.
Bevorzugtermaßen ist die Brennkammer eine Ringbrennkammer einer Gasturbine.The combustion chamber is preferably an annular combustion chamber Gas turbine.
Das Verfahren zur aktiven Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung und die entsprechende Verbrejinungsvorrichtung werden beispielhaft anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.The method for active damping of a combustion oscillation and the corresponding spreading device exemplified with reference to the drawing.
Die einzige Figur zeigt schematisch eine entlang einer Achse
31 gerichtete Gasturbine 33. Ein Verdichter 2 ist strömungstechnisch
verbunden mit einer Turbine 3. Zwischen Verdichter
2 und Turbine 3 ist eine Verbrennungsvorrichtung 1 geschaltet.
Die Verbrennungsvorrichtung 1 besteht aus einer Brennkammer
4, in die Hybridbrenner 5 münden. Jeder Hybridbrenner
5 ist aufgebaut aus einem konusförmigen Vormischbrenner 6,
der gleichzeitig eine Verbrennungsluftzuführung 6a bildet.
Der Vormischbrenner 6 umgibt einen Pilotbrenner 7 mit eigener
Verbrennungsluftzuführung 7a. Jedem Vormischbrenner 6 wird
Brennstoff 28 über eine Brennstoffzuleitung 23 zugeführt. Jedem
Pilotbrenner 7 wird Brennstoff 28 über eine Brennstoffzuleitung
24 zugeführt. Die Hybridbrenner 5 sind zum einen Teil
in der Brennkammer 4, zum anderen Teil in einer der Brennkammmer
4 benachbarten Vorkammmer 4a angeordnet. In jede
Brennstoffzuleitung 24 der Pilotbrenner 7 ist ein Stellglied
8 eingebaut. Die Stellglieder 8 sind elektrisch verbunden mit
einer gemeinsamen Regellogik 9. Diese ist elektrisch verbunden
mit einem Regler 10. Der Regler 10 ist wiederum elektrisch
verbunden mit einem Drucksensor 11, insbesondere einem
Piezodruckaufnehmer 11. Der Drucksensor 11 ist an einer Meßstelle
11a in der Brennkammer 4 angeordnet.The only figure shows schematically one along an
Beim Betrieb der Gasturbine 1 wird Verbrennungsluft 29 im
Verdichter 2 komprimiert und über einen Kanal 21 in die Vorkammer
4a geleitet. Aus der Vorkammer 4a gelangt die Verbrennungsluft
29 in die Luftzufuhrkanäle 6a, 7a der Vormischbrenner
6 und der Pilotbrenner 7. Über die Brennstoffzuleitungen
24 wird den Pilotbrennern 7 Brennstoff 28 zugeführt und in
der Verbrennungsluft 29 als Pilotflamme verbrannt. Den Vormischbrennern
6 wird Brennstoff 28 über die Brennstoffzuleitungen
23 zugeführt und mit der Verbrennungsluft 29 vermischt.
Das in die Brennkammer 4 eintretende Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch
entzündet sich an der Pilotflamme. Durch eine Wechselwirkung
mit der Akustik der Brennkammer 4 kann sich eine
Verbrennungsschwingung ausbilden. Eine solche Verbrennungsschwingung
verursacht eine akustische Eigenschwingung 30 bzw.
ein Schallfeld 30 in der Brennkammer 4. Mit dem Drucksensor
11 wird diese akustische Eigenschwingung 30 gemessen. Der
Drucksensor 11.gibt ein Meßsignal aus. Dieses Meßsignal wird
im Regler 10 in ein Regelsignal umgewandelt. Aus diesem Regelsignal
wird mit Hilfe der Regellogik 9 eine Ansteuerung
für die Stellglieder 8 ermittelt. Dabei ergibt sich die Ansteuerung
aus der räumlichen Position eines Brenners 5 und
aus der Symmetrie der akustischen Eigenschwingung 30. Die
Brennstoffzuführung für die Pilotbrenner 7 wird antizyklisch
zur Verbrennungsschwingung geregelt, daß heißt, der Brennstoffmassenstrom
jedes Pilotbrenners 7 wird so moduliert, daß
sich die in die Brennkammer 4 eingedüste Brennstoffmenge am
Ort der Flamme bzw. der Verbrennungszone des jeweiligen Pilotbrenners
7 gegenphasig und mit gleicher Frequenz wie die
Verbrennungsschwingung am Ort der Flamme zeitlich ändert. Damit
ergibt sich eine Dämpfung der Verbrennungsschwingung. Die
Ansteuerung der Stellglieder 8 erfordert also eine Messung an
nur einer Meßstelle 11a. Ein Sensor 11 und ein Regler 10 werden
eingespart. Man erhält ein einfaches Verfahren zur aktiven
Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung sowie eine konstruktiv
einfache Verbrennungsvorrichtung, in der eine aktive
Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung durchführbar ist. Das
Verfahren ist insbesondere auch für eine Brennkammer 4 mit
mehr als zwei Brennern 5 geeignet, etwa für eine Ringbrennkammer,
oder für eine Silobrennkammer mit z.B. acht Brennern.
Vorzugsweise ist die Anzahl an Sensoren 11 und Reglern 10 so
groß, wie es für die Charakterisierung der akustischen Eigenschwingung
30 gerade erforderlich ist.During operation of the
Claims (5)
- Method for the active damping of combustion oscillation in a combustion chamber (4) with at least two burners (5), to each of which at least one medium (28, 29) is supplied for combustion, the combustion oscillation being damped by the activation of at least two actuating members (8) which in each case influence a regulating variable, each regulating variable being a quantity of a medium (28, 29) supplied to a burner in each case, and a measured variable being determined at at least one measuring point (11a), characterized in that an activation of the actuating members (8) takes place via a number of measured variables which is smaller than the number of actuating members (8), the measured variables serving for characterizing the combustion oscillation, and the activation of at least one actuating member (8) being determined via a symmetry of the combustion oscillation.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that a quantity of fuel (28) supplied for combustion or a quantity of combustion air (29) supplied for combustion is used as a regulating variable.
- Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that exactly as many measured variables are determined as are necessary for characterizing the combustion oscillation.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuating members (8) are controlled anti-cyclically to the combustion oscillation.
- Use of the method according to one of the preceding claims in an annular combustion chamber (4) of a gas turbine (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19704540 | 1997-02-06 | ||
DE19704540A DE19704540C1 (en) | 1997-02-06 | 1997-02-06 | Method for actively damping a combustion oscillation and combustion device |
PCT/DE1998/000211 WO1998035186A1 (en) | 1997-02-06 | 1998-01-23 | Method for active attenuation of a combustion oscillation, and combustion device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0961906A1 EP0961906A1 (en) | 1999-12-08 |
EP0961906B1 true EP0961906B1 (en) | 2003-06-04 |
Family
ID=7819519
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98906838A Expired - Lifetime EP0961906B1 (en) | 1997-02-06 | 1998-01-23 | Method for active attenuation of a combustion oscillation, and use of the method |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6205764B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0961906B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4130479B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19704540C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998035186A1 (en) |
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US20090077945A1 (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2009-03-26 | Delavan Inc | Variable amplitude double binary valve system for active fuel control |
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- 1998-01-23 WO PCT/DE1998/000211 patent/WO1998035186A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-01-23 JP JP53354098A patent/JP4130479B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-23 EP EP98906838A patent/EP0961906B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2001510550A (en) | 2001-07-31 |
DE19704540C1 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
US6205764B1 (en) | 2001-03-27 |
EP0961906A1 (en) | 1999-12-08 |
JP4130479B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
WO1998035186A1 (en) | 1998-08-13 |
DE59808633D1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
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