EP0961665B1 - How to avoid contact between oxygen and molten metal - Google Patents
How to avoid contact between oxygen and molten metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0961665B1 EP0961665B1 EP98910649A EP98910649A EP0961665B1 EP 0961665 B1 EP0961665 B1 EP 0961665B1 EP 98910649 A EP98910649 A EP 98910649A EP 98910649 A EP98910649 A EP 98910649A EP 0961665 B1 EP0961665 B1 EP 0961665B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- chamber
- suction
- inert gas
- oxygen
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/0697—Accessories therefor for casting in a protected atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/064—Accessories therefor for supplying molten metal
- B22D11/0642—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/003—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using inert gases
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for preventing the contact of Oxygen with a molten metal during continuous casting, the Molten metal flows into and out of a casting space bounded by walls this emerges as a strand, and a device for performing the Procedure.
- the invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and sets itself the task of a method of the type described above and a device for continuous casting, with which contact of oxygen can be prevented with a molten metal, which creates a Reoxidation completely prevented, etc. even if it becomes a strong one Wear on the existing between the walls forming the casting room Splitting is coming.
- This task is carried out in a method of the type described in the introduction solved by penetrating through any gaps between the walls attempting and / or oxygen adhering to the walls is suctioned off.
- a particularly efficient removal of the oxygen can be advantageous achieve in that the suction in several from the outside to the inside Casting chamber takes place behind successively arranged suction stages, whereby expedient suction with from level to level from outside to inside Casting chamber takes place decreasing pressure.
- the suction pressure in the suction level closest to the casting chamber below 50 mbar, preferably below 10 mbar, set.
- the inert gas is preferably converted in several from the outside to the inside Pouring chamber adjacent to inert gas stages against the wall blown.
- the inert gas is expediently at a rate of at least 0.5 m / s, maximum 10 m / s, preferably with more than 2 m / s, on the wall inflated.
- the casting chamber is moved into the Casting area newly entering wall areas of this wall before entering frees this adhering oxygen by sucking off the oxygen.
- the Continuous casting is then advantageously carried out using the roll casting process, preferably in the Two-roll casting process, i.e. that also roll casting process with only one Casting roll, as described for example in EP-B - 0 040 072, for the The method according to the invention can be considered.
- Chill molds with rigid walls are an advantage, e.g. when applying one Casting powder is not possible or would be too expensive.
- a device with which contact of oxygen with a Metal melt can be prevented during continuous casting one of Walls of the pouring chamber is filled with molten metal and from which Casting chamber is a strand exits through a casting gap of the casting room characterized in that on any between adjacent walls existing gaps a suction device to penetrate through the gaps trying and / or for oxygen adhering to the walls is.
- a device for the continuous casting of a metal strip preferably a steel belt with two counter-rotating casting rolls with parallel roller axes and two side dams
- the together form a casting space for the absorption of molten metal and with a cover which is arranged above the casting chamber and this closes at the top, and with a sealing device that the Access of air along one of the hood and the rotating ones Casting roll formed gap in the casting room prevented
- the Invention underlying object advantageously solved in that the Sealing device of at least one on the atmosphere side in the vicinity of the Gap between the rotating casting rolls and the cover arranged and extending parallel to the roller axis suction chamber is formed.
- This sealing device works particularly effectively if it is used by several suction chambers arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the casting rolls is formed. It is advantageous if each suction chamber has a Suction line with an assigned suction pump or a stage one multi-stage suction pump is connected. After a constructively simple Embodiment is the sealing device as a serial multi-chamber system educated. This measure increases the suction pressure in the direction of movement the casting rollers from suction chamber to suction chamber. By a appropriate adjustment of the number of suction chambers to the The peripheral speed of the casting rolls is a complete removal of the entrained air achievable.
- the sealing device is in the defined distance from the surface of the casting roll and that of the Sealing device and the gap formed by the casting roll surface at least input and output side with contact seals, preferably Sealed brush or rubber lip seals.
- At least one of the suction chambers is additionally equipped with an inert gas purge.
- the device is improved in that between the cover and an inert gas supply is arranged in the suction device, this Inert gas supply as a vacuum chamber with one against the casting rolls directed opening is formed.
- This Inert gas supply as a vacuum chamber with one against the casting rolls directed opening is formed.
- the opening as a nozzle is advantageous formed obliquely against the casting roll surface and to the neighboring Suction chamber is inclined. This measure will Inert gas layer close to the roll is applied to the casting roll and thus a excellent protection against the ingress of oxygen and air. Will one Inert gas layer a few millimeters thick on the casting roll applied and an inert gas is used, which is heavier than air, so it is not necessary that the cover directly to the Inert gas supply and suction device connects.
- the two-roll caster as shown schematically in Fig. 1 in section is shown, has two driven casting rolls 1, 2, the roller axes 3, 4 arranged parallel to one another in a horizontal one Level are arranged.
- the two in opposite directions in the direction of arrow 5, 6 rotating casting rolls 1, 2 are with an internal cooling, not shown for the casting roll jacket, which forms the casting roll surface 7.
- On the face side side dams 8 are sufficiently close to the casting rolls 1, 2 arranged. From the casting rolls 1, 2 and the side dams 8 is a Casting chamber 9 is formed, in which one, not shown Melt container or a distribution vessel by using a Outlet openings 11 provided feed nozzle 10 melt 20 is introduced, which forms a melt pool 12.
- the casting chamber 9 is facing upwards the casting rolls 1, 2 and opposite the side dams 8 with a cover 13 limited, which has a refractory lining 14 on the melt side, around the melt 20 against excessive heat loss and against reoxidation to protect the atmospheric oxygen.
- a support device 15 for the Cover 13 with a stationary frame 16 with Adjusting elements 17 is adjustable, a desired minimum gap 18 between the cover 13 and the casting rolls 1, 2 set.
- the Cover 13 is penetrated by the feed nozzle 10, between them Components as small a gap as possible is provided, which if necessary is covered by a seal.
- the melt to be cast 20 is continuously introduced into the casting chamber 9.
- the melt to be cast 20 is continuously introduced into the casting chamber 9.
- To the counter-rotating and cooled casting rolls 1, 2 are increasingly formed Stronger shells from the narrowest cross section between the Casting rollers are connected to form a band formed by the casting rollers.
- the Thickness of the strip fed out by the casting rolls is the distance of the determined both casting rollers.
- a sealing device formed by a suction chamber 24 23 on the atmosphere side in the vicinity of the gap 18 and at a short distance arranged from the casting roll surface 7.
- the suction chamber 24 is for Casting roll surface 7 open and with a suction line 25 and one Suction pump, not shown, connected.
- the suction chamber 24 is in easily from a U-profile open to the casting roll surface formed, which is parallel to the roller axis 3, 4 at a short distance extends from the casting roll surface over the entire length of the casting roll.
- the gap between the suction chamber 24 and the casting roll surface 7 is included attached to the U-profile legs touching the casting roll surface 7 Seals 27 covered, preferably as a brush or Rubber lip seals are formed.
- This as Serial multi-chamber system designed sealing device 23 allows it, the introduced air in several extraction stages with in To operate the casting roll direction of rotation gradually decreasing chamber pressure.
- the pressure in the last suction chamber 31 in the direction of casting roll rotation is Achieving optimal air extraction to a value below 50 mbar, preferably below 10 mbar.
- an inert gas supply 28 arranged, which is formed by a vacuum chamber 29 and one against the casting roll surface has directed opening 32.
- a vacuum chamber 29 is formed by a vacuum chamber 29 and one against the casting roll surface has directed opening 32.
- a supply line 30 for inert gas is connected to a supply line 30 for inert gas.
- Vacuum chamber 29 formed in the same way as the suction chamber 24 and in order to avoid entry of false air, both are in one unit summarized.
- the vacuum chamber 29 is also for the same reason hermetically connected to the cover 13.
- the Vacuum chamber 29 with a directed against the casting roll surface 7 Exit opening formed the vacuum chamber with the serial Multi-chamber system of the sealing device 23 into one structural unit is summarized and sealed against air access.
- Inert gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber 29 in order to at the Casting roll surface 7 to build up a flow boundary layer of inert gas, through the gap 18 between the casting rolls 1, 2 and the cover 13 is introduced into the casting chamber 9 instead of the air.
- the pressure in the vacuum chamber 29 is at least 10 mbar, preferably by more than 200 mbar, above the pressure of the upstream Suction device 23 is set.
- FIG. 3 an embodiment is shown in which several Vacuum chambers 29, which have a common inert gas supply 28 are connected, within a connected to a suction line 25 Suction chamber 24 are arranged for the fresh air suction.
- vacuum chamber 29a At the in Casting roller direction of rotation last and directly in front of the cover 13 positioned vacuum chamber 29a is in contrast to the upstream Vacuum chambers 29 the inert gas pressure to a value above that Atmospheric pressure set.
- Last remnants of in the boundary layer on the casting roll surface 7 adhering atmospheric oxygen can be removed with the inert gas purge when the inert gas is blown directly against the casting roll surface 7 , the flow velocity to at least 0.5 m / s, preferably is set to more than 2 m / s. Flow velocities of more than 10 m / s bring no additional effect.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verhindern des Kontaktes von Sauerstoff mit einer Metallschmelze beim Stranggießen, wobei die Metallschmelze in einen von Wänden begrenzten Gießraum einströmt und aus diesem als Strang austritt, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for preventing the contact of Oxygen with a molten metal during continuous casting, the Molten metal flows into and out of a casting space bounded by walls this emerges as a strand, and a device for performing the Procedure.
Beim Stranggießen kommt es im Gießraum zur Ansammlung von Metallschmelze, die gegen Reoxidation und deren Badspiegel vor starker Wärmeabgabe durch Strahlung geschützt werden muß. Beim konventionellen Stranggießen wird zu diesem Zweck der Badspiegel mit Gießpulver oder mit einem Öl bedeckt.During continuous casting, metal melt accumulates in the casting room, those against reoxidation and their bath level from strong heat emission Radiation must be protected. With conventional continuous casting, too For this purpose, the bathroom mirror is covered with mold powder or with an oil.
Zum Gießen dünner Bänder sind verschiedene Gießverfahren bekannt, bei denen der Gießraum nicht von starren Wänden, sondern von einer sich mit dem Strang bewegenden Wand oder von mehreren sich mit dem Strang bewegenden Wänden gebildet ist, beispielsweise von einer Raupenkette gemäß EP-A - 0 526 886 oder von einer Walze gemäß EP-A - 0 568 211 oder EP-B - 0 040 072 oder von zwei sich gegenläufig bewegenden Gießwalzen gemäß US-A - 4,987,949 oder EP-B - 0 430 841. Bei diesen Verfahren ist es nicht möglich, die Metallschmelze durch ein Gießpulver oder Öl zuverlässig gegen Reoxidation bzw. Wärmeabgabe zu schützen, wie dies bei Gießräumen bzw. Kokillen mit starren Wänden meist der Fall ist.Various casting processes are known for casting thin strips, in which the casting room is not of rigid walls, but of one with the Strand moving wall or of several moving with the strand Walls is formed, for example by a caterpillar chain according to EP-A - 0 526 886 or from a roller according to EP-A - 0 568 211 or EP-B - 0 040 072 or of two counter-rotating casting rolls according to US-A-4,987,949 or EP-B - 0 430 841. With these methods it is not possible to use the Metal melt reliably against reoxidation by means of a casting powder or oil or to protect heat emission, as with casting rooms or molds rigid walls is usually the case.
Aus der EP-B - 0 430 841 ist es bei einer Zweiwalzengießanlage bekannt, den Badspiegel durch Vorsehen einer Abdeckhaube vor zu starker Wärmeabgabe durch Strahlung und gegen Reoxidation zu schützen. Bei dieser Lösung hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, daß es an den Kontaktflächen zwischen Abdeckhaube und Gießwalzen sowohl an der Abdeckhaube als auch an den Gießwalzen zu starkem Verschleiß kommt und durch thermische Verformung der Bauteile der Durchtritt von Luft und damit von Sauerstoff durch Spalte zwischen den den Gießraum begrenzenden Wänden nicht verhindert werden kann. Es kommt zu einer Reoxidation der Schmelze mit allen Nachteilen. From EP-B - 0 430 841 it is known in a two-roll casting plant that Bathroom mirror by providing a hood to prevent excessive heat emission to be protected by radiation and against reoxidation. With this solution it turned out, however, that it is at the contact surfaces between Cover and casting rollers on both the cover and the Casting rolls come to heavy wear and through thermal deformation of the Components of the passage of air and thus oxygen through gaps cannot be prevented between the walls delimiting the casting space. The melt reoxidizes with all disadvantages.
Um den Durchtritt von Luft durch den Spalt zwischen Abdeckhaube und Gießwalzen zu minimieren, wird in der US-A - 4,987,949 und der EP-A - 0 714 716 vorgeschlagen, in einen definierten Spalt zwischen Abdeckhaube und Gießwalzen ein inertes Gas, vorzugsweise Stickstoff oder Argon einzublasen und so eine Sperre gegen eindringende Luft zu errichten. Diese Maßnahme reicht jedoch nicht aus, um den Zutritt von Luft in den Gießraum und damit zum Badspiegel restlos zu verhindern, so daß einerseites nach wie vor an der Badoberfläche Metalloxide gebildet werden, die zu Fehlstellen im Inneren des Metallbandes führen. Andererseits werden an der Oberfläche der sich bildenden Strangschale Metalloxide gebildet bzw. diffundiert Sauerstoff in die Randschicht des Metallbandes und bildet dort Einschlüsse, was die Rißanfälligkeit steigert. Trotz der Inertgaszuführung wird in der sogenannten laminaren Unterschicht der Strömungsgrenzschicht die in der Mikrorauhigkeit der Walzenoberfläche anhaftende Luft in den Gießraum eingeschleppt. Diese Unterschicht haftet in der Mikrorauhigkeit der Walzenoberfläche und läßt sich weder durch berührende gleitende Dichtungen noch durch berührungslose Dichtungen abstreifen.To allow air to pass through the gap between the cover and Minimizing casting rolls is described in US-A - 4,987,949 and EP-A - 0 714 716 proposed in a defined gap between the cover and casting rolls an inert gas, preferably nitrogen or argon to blow in and thus establish a barrier against the ingress of air. This However, measure is not sufficient to prevent air from entering the casting room and thus to completely prevent the bathroom mirror, so that one side as before metal oxides are formed on the bath surface, which lead to defects in the Lead inside the metal band. On the other hand, the surface of the metal shell formed or diffused Oxygen in the edge layer of the metal strip, where it forms inclusions, which increases susceptibility to cracking. Despite the inert gas supply in the So - called laminar lower layer of the flow boundary layer in the Micro-roughness of the air adhering to the roll surface in the casting chamber brought in. This sub-layer adheres to the microroughness of the Roll surface and can not be touched by sliding seals still wipe through contactless seals.
Die Erfindung bezweckt die Vermeidung dieser Nachteile und Schwierigkeiten und stellt sich die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Stranggießen, mit der ein Kontakt von Sauerstoff mit einer Metallschmelze verhindert werden kann, zu schaffen, welche eine Reoxidation gänzlich verhindert, u.zw. auch dann, wenn es zu einem starken Verschleiß an den zwischen den den Gießraum bildenden Wänden vorhandenen Spalten kommt. Insbesondere soll es möglich sein, auch die sogenannte laminare Unterschicht der an den den Gießraum bildenden Wänden anhaftenden bzw. mitgeschleppten Luftschicht zu entfernen.The invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and sets itself the task of a method of the type described above and a device for continuous casting, with which contact of oxygen can be prevented with a molten metal, which creates a Reoxidation completely prevented, etc. even if it becomes a strong one Wear on the existing between the walls forming the casting room Splitting is coming. In particular, it should be possible, also the so-called laminar lower layer of the adherent to the walls forming the casting room to remove the entrained air layer.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art dadurch gelöst, daß über allfällige Spalte zwischen den Wänden einzudringen versuchender und/oder an den Wänden anhaftender Sauerstoff abgesaugt wird.This task is carried out in a method of the type described in the introduction solved by penetrating through any gaps between the walls attempting and / or oxygen adhering to the walls is suctioned off.
Eine besonders effiziente Entfernung des Sauerstoffs läßt sich vorteilhaft dadurch erzielen, daß das Absaugen in mehreren von außen nach innen zum Gießraum hin hintereinander angeordneten Absaugstufen erfolgt, wobei zweckmäßig das Absaugen mit von Stufe zu Stufe von außen nach innen zum Gießraum hin abnehmendem Druck erfolgt.A particularly efficient removal of the oxygen can be advantageous achieve in that the suction in several from the outside to the inside Casting chamber takes place behind successively arranged suction stages, whereby expedient suction with from level to level from outside to inside Casting chamber takes place decreasing pressure.
Hierbei wird gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Absaugdruck in der dem Gießraum nächstliegenden Absaugstufe unter 50 mbar, vorzugsweise unter 10 mbar, eingestellt.Here, according to a preferred embodiment, the suction pressure in the suction level closest to the casting chamber below 50 mbar, preferably below 10 mbar, set.
Um einen Druckausgleich gegenüber dem Gießraum sicherzustellen, wird zweckmäßig unmittelbar benachbart zur dem Gießraum nächstliegenden Absaugzone an einer den Gießraum begrenzenden Wand ein Inertgas gegen die Wand strömen gelassen, wobei vorteilhaft der Druck des Inertgases um mindestens 10 mbar, vorzugsweise um mehr als 200 mbar, über dem Druck der benachbarten Absaugstufe liegt.To ensure pressure equalization in relation to the casting room, expediently immediately adjacent to the closest to the casting room Suction zone on a wall delimiting the casting chamber against the inert gas Wall flowed, whereby advantageously the pressure of the inert gas around at least 10 mbar, preferably by more than 200 mbar, above the pressure of the adjacent suction stage.
Vorzugsweise wird das Inertgas in mehreren von außen nach innen zum Gießraum hin benachbart angeordneten Inertgasstufen gegen die Wand geblasen.The inert gas is preferably converted in several from the outside to the inside Pouring chamber adjacent to inert gas stages against the wall blown.
Zweckmäßig wird das Inertgas mit einer Geschwindigkeit von mindestens 0,5 m/s, maximal 10 m/s, vorzugsweise mit mehr als 2 m/s, auf die Wand aufgeblasen.The inert gas is expediently at a rate of at least 0.5 m / s, maximum 10 m / s, preferably with more than 2 m / s, on the wall inflated.
Bei einem Gießverfahren, bei dem mindestens eine Wand gegenüber dem Gießraum bewegt wird, werden gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform in den Gießraum neu eintretende Wandbereiche dieser Wand vor dem Eintrten von an diesen anhaftendem Sauerstoff durch Absaugen des Sauerstoffes befreit. Das Stranggießen erfolgt dann vorteilhaft im Walzgießverfahren, vorzugsweise im Zweiwalzengießverfahren, d.h., daß auch Walzgießverfahren mit nur einer Gießwalze, wie beispielsweise in der EP-B - 0 040 072 beschrieben, für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in Frage kommen. Selbstverständlich läßt sich auch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beim Gießen einer Metallschmelze auf einem beliebigen bewegten Kühlkörper, beispielsweise einer Raupenkette gemäß der DE-A - 36 02 594, anwenden. Unter Umständen ist es auch für Kokillen mit starren Wänden von Vorteil, z.B., wenn das Aufbringen eines Gießpulvers nicht möglich ist oder zu aufwendig wäre.In a casting process in which at least one wall is opposite the According to a preferred embodiment, the casting chamber is moved into the Casting area newly entering wall areas of this wall before entering frees this adhering oxygen by sucking off the oxygen. The Continuous casting is then advantageously carried out using the roll casting process, preferably in the Two-roll casting process, i.e. that also roll casting process with only one Casting roll, as described for example in EP-B - 0 040 072, for the The method according to the invention can be considered. Of course you can also the method according to the invention when casting a molten metal any moving heat sink, such as a track chain according to DE-A - 36 02 594, apply. It may also be for Chill molds with rigid walls are an advantage, e.g. when applying one Casting powder is not possible or would be too expensive.
Eine Vorrichtung, mit der ein Kontakt von Sauerstoff mit einer Metallschmelze beim Stranggießen verhindert werden kann, wobei ein von Wänden begrenzter Gießraum mit Metallschmelze gefüllt ist und aus dem Gießraum ein Strang über einen Gießspalt des Gießraumes austritt, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an allfälligen zwischen benachbarten Wänden vorhandenen Spalten eine Absaugeinrichtung für über die Spalte einzudringen versuchenden und/oder für an den Wänden anhaftenden Sauerstoff vorgesehen ist.A device with which contact of oxygen with a Metal melt can be prevented during continuous casting, one of Walls of the pouring chamber is filled with molten metal and from which Casting chamber is a strand exits through a casting gap of the casting room characterized in that on any between adjacent walls existing gaps a suction device to penetrate through the gaps trying and / or for oxygen adhering to the walls is.
Bei einer Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Gießen eines Metallbandes, vorzugsweise eines Stahlbandes, mit zwei gegenläufig rotierenden Gießwalzen mit parallel nebeneinanderliegenden Walzenachsen und zwei Seitendämmen, die zusammen einen Gießraum für die Aufnahme von schmelzflüssigem Metall bilden und mit einer Abdeckhaube, die oberhalb des Gießraumes angeordnet ist und diesen nach oben abschließt, sowie mit einer Abdichteinrichtung, die den Zutritt von Luft entlang eines von der Abdeckhaube und den rotierenden Gießwalzen gebildeten Spaltes in den Gießraum verhindert, wird die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe vorteilhaft dadurch gelöst, daß die Abdichteinrichtung von mindestens einer atmospährenseitig im Nahbereich des Spaltes zwischen den rotierenden Gießwalzen und der Abdeckhaube angeordneten und sich parallel zur Walzenachse erstreckenden Absaugkammer gebildet ist.In a device for the continuous casting of a metal strip, preferably a steel belt with two counter-rotating casting rolls with parallel roller axes and two side dams, the together form a casting space for the absorption of molten metal and with a cover which is arranged above the casting chamber and this closes at the top, and with a sealing device that the Access of air along one of the hood and the rotating ones Casting roll formed gap in the casting room prevented, the Invention underlying object advantageously solved in that the Sealing device of at least one on the atmosphere side in the vicinity of the Gap between the rotating casting rolls and the cover arranged and extending parallel to the roller axis suction chamber is formed.
Besonders effektiv wirkt diese Abdichteinrichtung, wenn sie von mehreren nebeneinander in Umfangsrichtung der Gießwalzen angeordneten Absaugkammern gebildet ist. Hierbei ist es von Vorteil, wenn jede Absaugkammer über eine Absaugleitung mit einer zugeordneten Absaugpumpe oder einer Stufe einer mehrstufigen Absaugpumpe verbunden ist. Nach einer konstruktiv einfachen Ausführungsform ist die Abdichteinrichtung als serielles Mehrkammersystem ausgebildet. Durch diese Maßnahme nimmt der Saugdruck in Bewegungsrichtung der Gießwalzen von Absaugkammer zu Absaugkammer ab. Durch eine entsprechende Abstimmung der Anzahl der Absaugkammern auf die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Gießwalzen ist eine vollständige Entfernung der mitgeschleppten Luft erzielbar.This sealing device works particularly effectively if it is used by several suction chambers arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the casting rolls is formed. It is advantageous if each suction chamber has a Suction line with an assigned suction pump or a stage one multi-stage suction pump is connected. After a constructively simple Embodiment is the sealing device as a serial multi-chamber system educated. This measure increases the suction pressure in the direction of movement the casting rollers from suction chamber to suction chamber. By a appropriate adjustment of the number of suction chambers to the The peripheral speed of the casting rolls is a complete removal of the entrained air achievable.
Nach einer verbesserten Ausführungsform ist die Abdichteinrichtung im definierten Abstand zur Gießwalzenoberfläche angeordnet und der von der Abdichteinrichtung und der Gießwalzenoberfläche gebildete Spalt zumindest eingangs- und ausgangsseitig mit berührenden Dichtungen, vorzugsweise Bürsten- oder Gummilippendichtungen abgedichtet. Dadurch wird der Luftzutritt bereits vor der ersten Absaugkammer weitgehend auf die mit der Grenzschicht mitgeschleppte Luft begrenzt.According to an improved embodiment, the sealing device is in the defined distance from the surface of the casting roll and that of the Sealing device and the gap formed by the casting roll surface at least input and output side with contact seals, preferably Sealed brush or rubber lip seals. This will make the Already before the first suction chamber, air access largely depends on that with the Boundary layer entrained air.
Nach einer anderen Ausführungsform ist zumindest eine der Absaugkammern zusätzlich mit einer Inertgasspülung ausgestattet.According to another embodiment, at least one of the suction chambers is additionally equipped with an inert gas purge.
Verbessert wird die Einrichtung dadurch, daß zwischen der Abdeckhaube und der Absaugeinrichtung eine Inertgaszuführung angeordnet ist, wobei diese Inertgaszuführung als Unterdruckkammer mit einer gegen die Gießwalzen gerichteten Öffnung ausgebildet ist. Vorteilhaft ist die Öffnung als Düse ausgebildet, die schräg gegen die Gießwalzenoberfläche und zur benachbarten Absaugkammer geneigt gerichtet ist. Durch diese Maßnahme wird eine walzennahe Inertgasschicht auf die Gießwalze aufgebracht und so ein hervorragender Schutz vor Sauerstoff- bzw. Luftzutritt erzeugt. Wird eine Inertgasschicht von einigen Millimetern Stärke auf der Gießwalze aufgebracht und ein Inertgas verwendet, welches schwerer als Luft ist, so ist es nicht notwendig, daß die Abdeckhaube unmittelbar an die Inertgaszuführung und Absaugeinrichtung anschließt.The device is improved in that between the cover and an inert gas supply is arranged in the suction device, this Inert gas supply as a vacuum chamber with one against the casting rolls directed opening is formed. The opening as a nozzle is advantageous formed obliquely against the casting roll surface and to the neighboring Suction chamber is inclined. This measure will Inert gas layer close to the roll is applied to the casting roll and thus a excellent protection against the ingress of oxygen and air. Will one Inert gas layer a few millimeters thick on the casting roll applied and an inert gas is used, which is heavier than air, so it is not necessary that the cover directly to the Inert gas supply and suction device connects.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile ergeben sich aus der nachstehenden
Beschreibung der Vorrichtung und des Verfahrens zum Gießen eines
Metallbandes in mehreren Ausführungsformen:
Die Zweiwalzengießanlage, wie sie in Fig. 1 schematisch im Schnitt
dargestellt ist, weist zwei angetriebene Gießwalzen 1, 2 auf, deren
parallel zueinander angeordnete Walzenachsen 3, 4 in einer horizontalen
Ebene angeordnet sind. Die beiden gegenläufig in Pfeilrichtung 5, 6
rotierenden Gießwalzen 1, 2 sind mit einer nicht dargestellten Innenkühlung
für den Gießwalzenmantel versehen, der die Gießwalzenoberfläche 7 bildet.
Stirnseitig sind Seitendämme 8 hinreichend nahe an den Gießwalzen 1, 2
angeordnet. Von den Gießwalzen 1, 2 und den Seitendämmen 8 wird ein
Gießraum 9 gebildet, in welchen von einem nicht dargestellten
Schmelzenbehälter oder einem Verteilergefäß durch eine mit
Austrittsöffnungen 11 versehene Zufuhrdüse 10 Schmelze 20 eingebracht wird,
die einen Schmelzensumpf 12 bildet. Der Gießraum 9 ist nach oben, gegenüber
den Gießwalzen 1, 2 und gegenüber den Seitendämmen 8 mit einer Abdeckhaube
13 begrenzt, die schmelzenseitig eine feuerfeste Auskleidung 14 aufweist,
um die Schmelze 20 vor zu großen Wärmeverlusten und gegen Reoxidation aus
dem Luftsauerstoff zu schützen. Mit einer Trageinrichtung 15 für die
Abdeckhaube 13, die gegenüber einem stationären Gestell 16 mit
Einstellelementen 17 justierbar ist, wird ein gewünschter minimaler Spalt
18 zwischen der Abdeckhaube 13 und den Gießwalzen 1, 2 eingestellt. Die
Abdeckhaube 13 ist von der Zufuhrdüse 10 durchsetzt, wobei zwischen diesen
Bauteilen ein möglichst geringer Spalt vorgesehen ist, der gegebenenfalls
von einer Dichtung abgedeckt wird.The two-roll caster, as shown schematically in Fig. 1 in section
is shown, has two driven
Mit einer Zweiwalzengießanlage dieser Konfiguration ist es möglich, ein
dünnes Metallband, insbesondere ein Stahlband, im Dickenbereich von 1 mm
bis 12 mm zu gießen, wobei die zu vergießende Schmelze 20, wie eingangs
beschrieben, kontinuierlich in den Gießraum 9 eingebracht wird. An den
gegensinnig rotierenden und gekühlten Gießwalzen 1, 2 bilden sich zunehmend
stärker werdende Strangschalen aus, die im engsten Querschnitt zwischen den
Gießwalzen zu einem von den Gießwalzen geformten Band verbunden werden. Die
Dicke des von den Gießwalzen ausgeförderten Bandes wird vom Abstand der
beiden Gießwalzen bestimmt.With a two roll caster of this configuration it is possible to get one
thin metal band, in particular a steel band, in the thickness range of 1 mm
to cast to 12 mm, the melt to be cast 20, as at the beginning
described, is continuously introduced into the casting chamber 9. To the
counter-rotating and cooled
Um den Zutritt von Luft entlang eines von der Abdeckhaube 13 und den
rotierenden Gießwalzen 1, 2 gebildeten Spalten 18 in den Gießraum zu
verhindern, ist eine von einer Absaugkammer 24 gebildete Abdichteinrichtung
23 atmosphärenseitig im Nahbereich des Spaltes 18 und im geringen Abstand
von der Gießwalzenoberfläche 7 angeordnet. Die Absaugkammer 24 ist zur
Gießwalzenoberfläche 7 offen und mit einer Absaugleitung 25 sowie einer
nicht dargestellten Absaugpumpe verbunden. Die Absaugkammer 24 ist in
einfacher Weise von einem zur Gießwalzenoberfläche offenen U-Profil
gebildet, welches sich parallel zur Walzenachse 3, 4 im geringen Abstand
von der Gießwalzenoberfläche über die gesamte Gießwalzenlänge erstreckt.
Der Spalt zwischen Absaugkammer 24 und der Gießwalzenoberfläche 7 ist mit
an den U-Profilschenkeln befestigten die Gießwalzenoberfläche 7 berührenden
Dichtungen 27 abgedeckt, die vorzugsweise als Bürsten- oder
Gummilippendichtungen ausgebildet sind.To access air along one of the
Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform, wie sie in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist,
wird die Absaugeinrichtung 23 von mehreren nebeneinander in Umfangsrichtung
der Gießwalzen 1, 2 angeordneten Absaugkammern 24 gebildet und jede
Absaugkammer ist über eine zugeordnete Absaugleitung 25 mit je einer Stufe
einer nicht dargestellten mehrstufigen Absaugpumpe verbunden. Diese als
serielles Mehrkammersystem ausgebildete Abdichteinrichtung 23 ermöglicht
es, die eingeschleppte Luft in mehreren Absaugstufen mit in
Gießwalzendrehrichtung stufenweise abnehmenden Kammerdruck zu betreiben.
Der Druck in der in Gießwalzendrehrichtung letzten Absaugkammer 31 ist zur
Erzielung einer optimalen Luftabsaugung auf einen Wert unter 50 mbar,
vorzugsweise unter 10 mbar, eingestellt.According to a further embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2,
the
In der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1 ist zusätzlich zwischen der
Absaugkammer 24 und der Abdeckhaube 13 eine Inertgaszuführung 28
angeordnet, die von einer Unterdruckkammer 29 gebildet ist und einen gegen
die Gießwalzenoberfläche gerichtete Öffnung 32 aufweist. Zusätzlich ist sie
mit einer Zufuhrleitung 30 für Inertgas verbunden. Im Detail ist die
Unterdruckkammer 29 gleichermaßen wie die Absaugkammer 24 ausgebildet und
um Falschluftzutritt zu vermeiden, sind beide in einer Baueinheit
zusammengefaßt. Aus gleichem Grund ist auch die Unterdruckkammer 29
luftdicht mit der Abdeckhaube 13 verbunden.In the embodiment according to FIG. 1 there is additionally between the
In der Ausführungsform, wie sie in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, ist die
Unterdruckkammer 29 mit einer gegen die Gießwalzenoberfläche 7 gerichteten
Austrittsöffnung ausgebildet, wobei die Unterdruckkammer mit dem seriellen
Mehrkammersystem der Abdichteinrichtung 23 zu einer Baueinheit
zusammengefaßt und gegen Luftzutritt abgedichtet ist.In the embodiment as shown in Fig. 2, the
Inertgas wird in die Unterdruckkammer 29 eingebracht, um an der
Gießwalzenoberfläche 7 eine Strömungsgrenzschicht aus Inertgas aufzubauen,
die durch den Spalt 18 zwischen den Gießwalzen 1, 2 und der Abdeckhaube 13
anstelle der Luft in den Gießraum 9 eingebracht wird. Hierzu genügt es,
wenn der Druck in der Unterdruckkammer 29 um mindestens 10 mbar,
vorzugsweise um mehr als 200 mbar, über dem Druck der vorgelagerten
Absaugeinrichtung 23 eingestellt wird.Inert gas is introduced into the
In Fig. 3 ist eine Ausführungsform dargestellt, bei der mehrere
Unterdruckkammern 29, die mit einer gemeinsamen Inertgaszuführung 28
verbunden sind, innerhalb einer mit einer Absaugleitung 25 verbundenen
Absaugkammer 24 für die Frischluftabsaugung angeordnet sind. Bei der in
Gießwalzendrehrichtung letzten und direkt vor der Abdeckhaube 13
positionierten Unterdruckkammer 29a wird im Gegensatz zu den vorgeordneten
Unterdruckkammern 29 der Inertgasdruck auf einen Wert über dem
Atmosphärendruck eingestellt.In Fig. 3, an embodiment is shown in which
Letzte Reste des in der Grenzschicht an der Gießwalzenoberfläche 7
anhaftenden Luftsauerstoffes können mit der Inertgasspülung entfernt
werden, wenn das Inertgas direkt gegen die Gießwalzenoberfläche 7 geblasen
wird, wozu die Anströmgeschwindigkeit auf mindestens 0,5 m/s, vorzugsweise
auf mehr als 2 m/s, eingestellt wird. Anströmgeschwindigkeiten von mehr als
10 m/s bringen keinen zusätzlichen Effekt.Last remnants of in the boundary layer on the casting
Claims (21)
- Method of preventing contact of oxygen with a metal melt (20) during continuous casting, in which the metal melt (20) flows into a casting chamber bounded by walls (1, 2, 13) and leaves this chamber as a stream, characterized in that oxygen which attempts to enter via any gaps (18) between the walls (1, 2, 13) and/or is adhering to the walls (1, 2) is removed by suction.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the removal by suction is carried out in a plurality of extraction stages arranged behind one another from outside to inside towards the casting chamber.
- Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the removal by suction is carried out at a pressure which decreases from stage to stage from outside to inside towards the casting chamber.
- Method according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the suction pressure in the extraction stage closest to the casting chamber is set to below 50 mbar, preferably below 10 mbar.
- Process according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an inert gas is allowed to flow against a wall (1, 2) bounding the casting chamber directly adjacent to the extraction zone closest to the casting chamber.
- Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that the pressure of the inert gas is at least 10 mbar, preferably more than 200 mbar, above the pressure of the adjacent extraction stage.
- Method according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the inert gas is blown against the wall in a plurality of inert gas stages arranged next to one another from outside to inside towards the casting chamber.
- Method according to one or more of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the inert gas is blown onto the wall (1, 2) at a velocity of at least 0.5 m/s, not more than 10 m/s, preferably at more than 2 m/s.
- Method according to one or more of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one wall (1, 2) is moved relative to the casting chamber and new regions of this wall (1, 2) which are about to enter the casting chamber are freed of adhering oxygen by removal of the oxygen by suction prior to entry.
- Method according to Claim 9, characterized in that the continuous casting is carried out by roll casting, preferably by two-roll casting.
- Apparatus for preventing contact of oxygen with a metal melt during continuous casting, in which a casting chamber bounded by walls is filled with metal melt and a stream leaves the casting chamber through a casting gap of the casting chamber, characterized in that at any gaps present between adjacent walls there is provided an extraction device for oxygen attempting to enter via the gap and/or adhering to the walls.
- Apparatus according to Claim 11 for the continuous casting of a metal strip, preferably a steel strip, having two contrarotating casting rolls (1, 2) with parallel roll axes (3, 4) and two side dams (8) which together form a casting chamber (9) for accommodating molten metal and having a covering hood (13) which is located above the casting chamber (9) and closes off the latter at the top, and also having a sealing device (23) which prevents entry of air into the casting chamber (9) along a gap (18) formed by the covering hood (13) and the rotating casting rolls (1, 2), characterized in that the sealing device (23) is formed by at least one suction chamber (24), located on the atmosphere side in the vicinity of the gap (18) between the rotating casting rolls (1, 2) and the covering hood (13) and extending parallel to the roll axis.
- Apparatus according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that this sealing device (23) is made up of a plurality of suction chambers (24) arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction of the casting rolls.
- Apparatus according to any of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that each suction chamber (24) is connected via a suction line (25) to an associated suction pump or a stage of a multistage suction pump.
- Apparatus according to any of Claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the sealing device (23) is configured as a sequential multichamber system.
- Apparatus according to any of Claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the sealing device (23) is arranged at a defined distance from the casting roll surface (7) and the gap (18) formed by the sealing device and the casting roll surface is sealed, at least at the entry and exit sides, by means of contact seals (27), preferably brush seals or rubber lip seals.
- Apparatus according to any of Claims 11 to 16, characterized in that at least one of the suction chambers (24) is additionally equipped with an inert gas purge.
- Apparatus according to any of Claims 11 to 17, characterized in that an inert gas feed facility (28) is arranged between the covering hood (13) and the suction chamber (24).
- Apparatus according to Claim 18, characterized in that the inert gas feed facility (28) is configured as a reduced pressure chamber (29) having an opening (32) directed towards the casting roll surface.
- Apparatus according to Claim 19, characterized in that the opening (31) is configured as a nozzle which is directed obliquely at the casting roll surface and is at an angle to the adjacent suction chamber (24).
- Apparatus according to any of Claims 11 to 20, characterized in that a lamellar seal is located between suction chamber (24) and covering hood (13).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITRM970082 | 1997-02-14 | ||
| IT97RM000082A IT1290932B1 (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1997-02-14 | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR PREVENTING OXYGEN CONTACT WITH A MOLTEN METAL MASS. |
| PCT/EP1998/000788 WO1998035773A1 (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1998-02-12 | How to avoid contact between oxygen and molten metal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0961665A1 EP0961665A1 (en) | 1999-12-08 |
| EP0961665B1 true EP0961665B1 (en) | 2001-06-20 |
Family
ID=11404759
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98910649A Expired - Lifetime EP0961665B1 (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1998-02-12 | How to avoid contact between oxygen and molten metal |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6415849B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0961665B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001512371A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100525035B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1072056C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE202304T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU744243B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9807225A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2281703A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59800886D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2160406T3 (en) |
| ID (1) | ID22429A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1290932B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL335252A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2199416C2 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA48296C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998035773A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002113555A (en) * | 2000-10-10 | 2002-04-16 | Castrip Llc | Twin-roll type continuous caster and its using method |
| CN103451371B (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2016-01-20 | 泰州鑫宇精密铸造有限公司 | Induction furnace molten steel covers blowing argon pouring technology and device |
| AT520033B1 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2022-01-15 | Asmag Holding Gmbh | extrusion machine |
| CN113231610B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-09-23 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Arc-shaped vibration thin strip continuous casting method and thin strip continuous casting and rolling production line |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3920062A (en) * | 1972-10-03 | 1975-11-18 | Special Metals Corp | Control method for continuously casting liquid metal produced from consumable electrodes |
| DE2747061A1 (en) * | 1977-10-20 | 1979-04-26 | Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg | Vacuum chamber for coating strip - has air lock chambers to permit continuous coating |
| DE2831710B1 (en) * | 1978-07-19 | 1979-10-25 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Device for increasing the vacuum in a vacuum chamber through which a belt passes |
| DE2950406C2 (en) * | 1979-12-14 | 1986-12-04 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd., Tokyo | Device for the continuous casting of a metal strip |
| YU43229B (en) | 1980-05-09 | 1989-06-30 | Battelle Development Corp | Device for continuous band casting |
| JPS6040653A (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1985-03-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Continuous casting method by vacuum melting |
| DE3602594A1 (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-07-30 | Sundwiger Eisen Maschinen | Apparatus for casting metal strips on a moving cooling element |
| US4987949A (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1991-01-29 | Hitachi Zosen Corporation | Protective cover for surface of molten steel used in continuous casting apparatus |
| FR2654657B1 (en) * | 1989-11-22 | 1992-03-20 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF THIN STRIPS OF METAL BETWEEN TWO CYLINDERS. |
| SE507606C2 (en) * | 1991-03-06 | 1998-06-29 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Apparatus for making web-shaped metal foil |
| AU1955592A (en) * | 1991-08-06 | 1993-02-11 | Olin Corporation | Casting of metal strip |
| JP3172187B2 (en) | 1992-04-24 | 2001-06-04 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | Continuous strip casting method and apparatus |
| US5293926A (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1994-03-15 | Allegheny Ludlum Corporation | Method and apparatus for direct casting of continuous metal strip |
| FR2727338A1 (en) | 1994-11-30 | 1996-05-31 | Usinor Sacilor | CONTINUOUS CASTING DEVICE BETWEEN INHERENT COVER CYLINDERS |
| US5535812A (en) * | 1995-01-06 | 1996-07-16 | Singleton Technology, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for continuous casting of metal |
-
1997
- 1997-02-14 IT IT97RM000082A patent/IT1290932B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1998
- 1998-02-12 BR BR9807225-0A patent/BR9807225A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-12 CN CN98802525A patent/CN1072056C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-12 KR KR10-1999-7006578A patent/KR100525035B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-12 ID IDW990629A patent/ID22429A/en unknown
- 1998-02-12 RU RU99119593/02A patent/RU2199416C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-12 CA CA002281703A patent/CA2281703A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-02-12 WO PCT/EP1998/000788 patent/WO1998035773A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-02-12 DE DE59800886T patent/DE59800886D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-12 ES ES98910649T patent/ES2160406T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-12 PL PL98335252A patent/PL335252A1/en unknown
- 1998-02-12 AT AT98910649T patent/ATE202304T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-12 EP EP98910649A patent/EP0961665B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-12 US US09/367,434 patent/US6415849B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-12 JP JP53534498A patent/JP2001512371A/en active Pending
- 1998-02-12 AU AU64963/98A patent/AU744243B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-02 UA UA99084539A patent/UA48296C2/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL335252A1 (en) | 2000-04-10 |
| KR20000070345A (en) | 2000-11-25 |
| BR9807225A (en) | 2000-04-25 |
| DE59800886D1 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
| IT1290932B1 (en) | 1998-12-14 |
| ID22429A (en) | 1999-10-14 |
| CA2281703A1 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
| CN1247488A (en) | 2000-03-15 |
| CN1072056C (en) | 2001-10-03 |
| KR100525035B1 (en) | 2005-11-01 |
| JP2001512371A (en) | 2001-08-21 |
| WO1998035773A1 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
| ATE202304T1 (en) | 2001-07-15 |
| ITRM970082A1 (en) | 1998-08-14 |
| EP0961665A1 (en) | 1999-12-08 |
| RU2199416C2 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
| ES2160406T3 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
| AU6496398A (en) | 1998-09-08 |
| UA48296C2 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
| US6415849B1 (en) | 2002-07-09 |
| AU744243B2 (en) | 2002-02-21 |
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