EP0959228B1 - Film-cooling holes in staggered rows - Google Patents

Film-cooling holes in staggered rows Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0959228B1
EP0959228B1 EP98810475A EP98810475A EP0959228B1 EP 0959228 B1 EP0959228 B1 EP 0959228B1 EP 98810475 A EP98810475 A EP 98810475A EP 98810475 A EP98810475 A EP 98810475A EP 0959228 B1 EP0959228 B1 EP 0959228B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
holes
row
arrangement
outlet openings
diameter
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP98810475A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0959228A1 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Dr. Weigand
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General Electric Switzerland GmbH
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Alstom Schweiz AG
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Publication date
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Priority to EP98810475A priority Critical patent/EP0959228B1/en
Priority to DE59808819T priority patent/DE59808819D1/en
Priority to US09/312,061 priority patent/US6267552B1/en
Publication of EP0959228A1 publication Critical patent/EP0959228A1/en
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Publication of EP0959228B1 publication Critical patent/EP0959228B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/186—Film cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/202—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by film cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bore arrangement for forming a cooling film a wall of a component acted upon by a hot gas stream, in particular a turbine blade or combustion chamber of a gas turbine, according to the Preamble of claim 1.
  • a test vehicle for simulating a cooling film is known at which is provided with a flat plate with holes which the blow-out openings from tubes positioned at an angle of 35 ° to the plane of the plate represent.
  • the arrangement of the holes takes the form of two with respect to the Main flow direction of staggered, laterally offset rows.
  • the test series described in this article show a significant increase of the cooling effect compared to a single row of holes.
  • This Effect is attributed to the fact that the cooling air jets emerging from the first row the cooling air jets emerging from the second row onto the surface deflect the wall to be cooled and thus improve its cooling effect.
  • the cooling film of the first row of holes over the cooling film of the row of second holes and additionally protects it against the penetration of hot gas.
  • the turbine blade known from EP 0 501 813 B1 points in a similar direction, in the case of different variants of bore arrangements for forming a cooling film be proposed in a double row.
  • One of the variants suggests two small diameter holes in the first row assign a larger diameter hole to the second row.
  • the assignments the holes in the first row to the respective holes in the second Row is given by the fact that these are flow branches of a common one Entry opening are executed.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is the high cooling air consumption caused by the high number of outlet openings of the first row is due.
  • the disadvantage is the low flexibility in the choice of the direction of the individual holes to be seen, since these start from a single, common entry bore.
  • those that emerge from the holes in the first row Cooling air jets a lateral, ie. H. Directional component perpendicular to the main flow, which in many Cases is undesirable.
  • the invention tries to avoid the disadvantages described. You are the The task is to specify a drilling arrangement of the type mentioned at the beginning, which allows a cooling film of high efficiency with reduced cooling air requirement train.
  • the number of holes in the first Row is substantially equal to or less than the number of holes in the second row.
  • a particularly effective overlay of the holes in the first row trained partial film with that of the second row results if according to a preferred variant, the holes in the first row essentially is aligned axially parallel to the bores of the second row.
  • a further improvement in the cooling effectiveness can be achieved if at least the holes in the second row in the area of the outlet openings Have axial section with a funnel-shaped cross-sectional profile.
  • the hereby achieved cross-sectional enlargement in the exit plane leads to a reduction the exit velocity of the partial cooling flows. It can be an advantage be when the axis of rotation of the funnel-shaped axial section is not coaxial to the axis of rotation of the rest of the hole, but somewhat in the direction of Main flow is inclined. As a result, the emerging cooling air jet becomes essential brought closer to the surface to be cooled.
  • a further increase in cooling capacity can be achieved if in a special one preferred variant also the holes in the first row in the area of the outlet openings have an axial section with a funnel-shaped cross-sectional profile.
  • the condition must also be met that the The area of each of the outlet openings of the first row is smaller than the area of each the outlet openings of the second row.
  • exemplary embodiments of the invention are based on a component section shown, which in particular is part of a turbine blade or combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • the bore arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a first row 1 of holes 10 on.
  • the bores 10 are arranged equidistant from one another. In the case of a turbine blade, the bores 10 can extend over the extend the entire height of the bucket.
  • Adjacent and downstream of row 1 is a second row 2 of holes 20 provided.
  • the bores 10, 20 are rotationally symmetrical executed with respect to axes of rotation 11, 21 and thus have a cylindrical Basic form.
  • the bores 10, 20 penetrate completely in the axial direction a wall 50 with the formation of inlet openings 13, 23 and outlet openings 14, 24.
  • the number of bores 10 of the first row 1 is substantially the same Number of holes 20 in the second row 2.
  • the expression “essentially equal "in this context means that due to the staggered shown here Arrangement of the holes 10 in relation to the holes 20 one of the two rows 1, 2 have an additional hole for reasons of symmetry can, but otherwise an assignment between the holes 10 of the first Row 1 and the holes 20 of the second row 2 is predetermined. In the embodiment 1, the assignment is such that the outlet openings 24 of the holes 20 with respect to the direction of the hot gas stream 100 in the The middle between the outlet openings 14 of the bores 10 is arranged. This Type of staggering has proven to be particularly beneficial in terms of effectiveness of the cooling film developing.
  • the diameter d1 of the bores 10 is smaller than the diameter d2 of the Bores 20.
  • the diameter is d1 in each case half the diameter d2. This relation ensures that the through the holes 10 emerging cooling film completely over the through the Bores 20 emerging further partial cooling film and the latter against the Wall 50 presses in the area of surface 53.
  • the comparative small diameter d1 the air consumption in relation to the achieved Extremely low cooling effect.
  • the choice of the distance is of particular importance p between the two rows 1, 2. It is correlated with the diameters d1, d2 of holes 10, 20 and should be five times the arithmetic value Do not exceed by means of the diameters d1, d2. Otherwise there is the danger of an insufficient interaction between the partial cooling films emerging from holes 10 and 20.
  • the axes of rotation 11, 21 are axially parallel aligned and somewhat inclined in the direction of the hot gas flow 100.
  • the emerging partial cooling air flows are somewhat in the direction blown onto the surface to be cooled 53 and as a result of the additional Effect of the hot gas flow 100 completely redirected.
  • both have the bores 10 'and the bores 20' axial sections 16 ', 26', the expand in a funnel shape towards outlet openings 14 ', 24'.
  • the area of the exit opening 14 ' is smaller than the area of the outlet openings 24'.
  • the funnel-shaped axial sections 16 ', 26' are not an exemplary embodiment rotationally symmetrical to the axes of rotation 11 ', 21' of the bores 10 ', 20', but rather incline towards surface 53 '.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 are identical cylindrical bores 10 of the first row 1 as related are described with Figures 1 and 2.
  • the peculiarity lies in the Design of the bores 20 'of the second row 2', which is funnel-shaped are.
  • the embodiment shown in Figures 4 and 5 has bores 20 ' are funnel-shaped in their entire axial extent.
  • the entry openings 23 ' correspond to the variants described above circular or in the case of those shown, pointing in the direction of the main flow 100 forward tilt, elliptical.
  • the outlet openings 24 ' 4 have a trapezoidal shape with an in Direction of the hot gas stream 100 increasing width.
  • the transition from the Circular or elliptical shape of the inlet opening 23 'to the trapezoidal shape of the outlet opening 24 ' takes place continuously over the entire axial extent of the Hole 20 '. In this way, the flow is optimally designed diffuser-like cross-sectional profile.
  • the variant according to FIGS. 6 and 7 differs from the previous one through the cross-sectional profile of the bore 20 'in the axial direction. outgoing from the inlet opening 23 ', the bore is initially cylindrical.
  • the funnel-shaped axial section closes only in the vicinity of the outlet opening 24 ' 26 'on, the transition from the circular or elliptical shape to the trapezoidal shape takes place.
  • FIGS. 8 to 11 show variations of holes 10 'of the first row 1'.
  • the bores 20 'of the second row 2' are in accordance with those of the variant described above according to FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show a modification in which the outlet opening 14 ' is also trapezoidal, the funnel-shaped axial section 16 ' is restricted to an area adjacent to the outlet opening 14 '.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 10 and 11 has bores 10 ', the outlet openings widened transversely to the direction of the hot gas stream 100 are executed.
  • the transition from the circular or elliptical shape of the entrance opening 13 'to the elongated hole shape of the outlet opening 14' takes place continuously along the axial extension of the bore 10 '.
  • the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 4 to 11 have in common that even in the case of less high-precision, for example by means of a laser beam Holes, a cooling film is formed that is highly efficient and stable over large Run lengths is.
  • the surfaces of the outlet openings 14 'of the bores 10 ' are chosen to be much smaller than the areas of the outlet openings 24' the bores 20 '.
  • the efficiency of the film cooling was demonstrated in a concrete test vehicle of a turbine profile can be demonstrated.
  • the diameter d1 was 0.35 mm
  • the diameter d2 was 0.50 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bohrungsanordnung zum Ausbilden eines Kühlfilms an einer von einem Heißgasstrom beaufschlagten Wand eines Bauteils, insbesondere einer Turbinenschaufel oder Brennkammer einer Gasturbine, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a bore arrangement for forming a cooling film a wall of a component acted upon by a hot gas stream, in particular a turbine blade or combustion chamber of a gas turbine, according to the Preamble of claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus der Zeitschrift "Journal of Engineering for Power", April 1978, Vol. 100, Seiten 303 bis 307, ist ein Versuchsträger zur Simulation eines Kühlfilms bekannt, bei dem eine ebene Platte mit Bohrungen versehen ist, welche die Ausblasöffnungen von unter einem Winkel von 35° gegenüber der Plattenebene angestellte Röhren darstellen. Die Anordnung der Bohrungen erfolgt in Form zweier in bezug auf die Hauptströmungsrichtung gestaffelter, seitlich versetzter Reihen.From the journal "Journal of Engineering for Power", April 1978, vol. 100, pages 303 to 307, a test vehicle for simulating a cooling film is known at which is provided with a flat plate with holes which the blow-out openings from tubes positioned at an angle of 35 ° to the plane of the plate represent. The arrangement of the holes takes the form of two with respect to the Main flow direction of staggered, laterally offset rows.

Die in diesem Artikel beschriebenen Versuchsreihen zeigen eine deutliche Steigerung des Kühleffekts gegenüber einer einzelnen Reihe von Bohrungen. Dieser Effekt wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß die aus der ersten Reihe austretenden Kühlluftstrahlen die aus der zweiten Reihe austretenden Kühlluftstrahlen auf die Oberfläche der zu kühlenden Wand hin ablenken und damit deren Kühlwirkung verbessert. Darüber hinaus legt sich weiter stromab der sich ausbildende Kühlfilm der ersten Reihe von Bohrungen über den Kühlfilm der Reihe der zweiten Bohrungen und schützt diesen zusätzlich gegen das Eindringen von Heißgas.The test series described in this article show a significant increase of the cooling effect compared to a single row of holes. This Effect is attributed to the fact that the cooling air jets emerging from the first row the cooling air jets emerging from the second row onto the surface deflect the wall to be cooled and thus improve its cooling effect. In addition, the cooling film of the first row of holes over the cooling film of the row of second holes and additionally protects it against the penetration of hot gas.

Die DE 35 08 976 A1 zeigt eine Turbinenschaufel, die aufgrund der hohen thermischen Belastung mit einer Vielzahl von Lochreihen zum Ausbilden von Kühlfilmen versehen ist. Im Staupunktbereich sowie benachbart hierzu auf der Saugseite sind jeweils drei benachbart zueinander angeordnete Reihen von Bohrungen vorgesehen, um die Kühlwirkung in diesen thermisch besonders belasteten Wandabschnitten der Turbinenschaufel weiter zu erhöhen. Dabei wird in Kauf genommen, daß sich der Kühlluftbedarf infolge der vielen Bohrungsreihen erhöht.DE 35 08 976 A1 shows a turbine blade, which due to the high thermal Load with a large number of rows of holes to form cooling films is provided. In the stagnation point area and adjacent to it on the suction side three rows of bores arranged adjacent to each other are provided, the cooling effect in these thermally stressed wall sections the turbine blade to increase further. It is accepted that the cooling air requirement increases due to the many rows of holes.

In eine ähnliche Richtung weist die aus der EP 0 501 813 B1 bekannte Turbinenschaufel, bei der zum Ausbilden eines Kühlfilms verschiedene Varianten von Bohrungsanordnungen in einer Doppelreihe vorgeschlagen werden. Eine der Varianten schlägt vor, jeweils zwei Bohrungen kleinen Durchmessers der ersten Reihe einer Bohrung größeren Durchmessers der zweiten Reihe zuzuordnen. Die Zuordnungen der Bohrungen der ersten Reihe zu den jeweiligen Bohrungen der zweiten Reihe ist dadurch gegeben, daß diese als Strömungszweige einer gemeinsamen Eintrittsöffnung ausgeführt sind.The turbine blade known from EP 0 501 813 B1 points in a similar direction, in the case of different variants of bore arrangements for forming a cooling film be proposed in a double row. One of the variants suggests two small diameter holes in the first row assign a larger diameter hole to the second row. The assignments the holes in the first row to the respective holes in the second Row is given by the fact that these are flow branches of a common one Entry opening are executed.

Nachteilig bei dieser Lösung ist auch hier der hohe Kühlluftverbrauch, der durch die hohe Anzahl von Austrittsöffnungen der ersten Reihe bedingt ist. Als weiterer Nachteil ist die geringe Flexibilität in der Wahl der Richtung der einzelnen Bohrungen zu sehen, da diese von einer einzigen, gemeinsamen Eintrittsbohrung ausgehen. Insbesondere besitzen die aus den Bohrungen der ersten Reihe austretenden Kühlluftstrahlen eine in unterschiedliche Richtungen weisende seitliche, d. h. senkrecht zur Hauptströmung verlaufende Richtungskomponente, die in vielen Fällen unerwünscht ist.The disadvantage of this solution is the high cooling air consumption caused by the high number of outlet openings of the first row is due. As another The disadvantage is the low flexibility in the choice of the direction of the individual holes to be seen, since these start from a single, common entry bore. In particular, those that emerge from the holes in the first row Cooling air jets a lateral, ie. H. Directional component perpendicular to the main flow, which in many Cases is undesirable.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Erfindung versucht, die beschriebenen Nachteile zu vermeiden. Ihr liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Bohrungsanordnung der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, die es gestattet, einen Kühlfilm hoher Effizienz bei reduziertem Kühlluftbedarf auszubilden.The invention tries to avoid the disadvantages described. You are the The task is to specify a drilling arrangement of the type mentioned at the beginning, which allows a cooling film of high efficiency with reduced cooling air requirement train.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß bei einer Bohrungsanordnung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 die Anzahl der Bohrungen der ersten Reihe im wesentlichen gleich oder kleiner ist als die Anzahl der Bohrungen der zweiten Reihe.According to the invention this is achieved in that with a bore arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1, the number of holes in the first Row is substantially equal to or less than the number of holes in the second row.

Entgegen der bisher üblichen Tendenz, die Effektivität des Kühlfilms durch Anbringung einer weiteren Reihe von Bohrungen oder durch Erhöhen der Anzahl der Austrittsöffnungen der ersten Reihe zu verbessern, wird hier ein umgekehrter Weg beschritten. So hat es sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß sich die Effektivität der Kühlleistung steigern läßt, wenn jeweils einer Bohrung der zweiten Reihe eine Bohrung kleineren Durchmessers der ersten Reihe zugeordnet wird. Somit ergibt sich eine im wesentlichen übereinstimmende Anzahl für die Bohrungen der ersten und der zweiten Reihe.Contrary to the previous tendency, the effectiveness of the cooling film by attachment another series of holes or by increasing the number of holes Improving exit openings in the first row becomes a reverse approach trodden. So it has surprisingly been shown that the effectiveness the cooling capacity can be increased if a hole in the second row has one Smaller diameter hole is assigned to the first row. Thus it results an essentially matching number for the holes of the first and the second row.

Besonders wirkungsvoll im Hinblick auf die Effektivität der Kühlleistung hat es sich erwiesen, die Austrittsöffnungen der Bohrungen der zweiten Reihe in bezug auf die Richtung des Heißgasstroms seitlich versetzt zu den Austrittsöffnungen der Bohrungen der ersten Reihe anzuordnen. Als optimal wird es betrachtet, die Austrittsöffnungen der Bohrungen der zweiten Reihe stromabwärts in der Mitte zwischen den Austrittsöffnungen der Bohrungen der ersten Reihe vorzusehen.It has been particularly effective in terms of the effectiveness of the cooling capacity proven to be the exit openings of the second row holes the direction of the hot gas flow laterally offset to the outlet openings of the Arrange holes in the first row. The outlet openings are considered to be optimal the holes of the second row downstream in the middle between provide the outlet openings of the holes in the first row.

Eine besonders effektive Überlagerung des von den Bohrungen der ersten Reihen ausgebildeten Teilfilms mit demjenigen der zweiten Reihe ergibt sich dann, wenn gemäß einer bevorzugten Variante die Bohrungen der ersten Reihe im wesentlichen achsparallel zu den Bohrungen der zweiten Reihe ausgerichtet ist.A particularly effective overlay of the holes in the first row trained partial film with that of the second row results if according to a preferred variant, the holes in the first row essentially is aligned axially parallel to the bores of the second row.

Versuche haben ergeben, daß die Kühlwirkung dann optimal ist, wenn der Durchmesser der Bohrung der ersten Reihe größer oder gleich der Hälfte des Durchmessers der Bohrungen der zweiten Reihe ist. Speziell die letztgenannte Bedingung liefert einen optimalen Kompromiß zwischen einer hervorragenden Effektivität der Kühlleistung einerseits und einem minimalen Bedarf an Kühlluft andererseits.Experiments have shown that the cooling effect is optimal when the diameter the hole in the first row is greater than or equal to half the diameter the second row holes. Especially the latter condition provides an optimal compromise between excellent effectiveness the cooling capacity on the one hand and a minimal need for cooling air on the other.

Besondere Bedeutung kommt in diesem Zusammenhang auch der Wahl des Abstandes der beiden Reihen zu. Als optimal haben sich Werte für den Abstand erwiesen, die kleiner oder gleich dem fünffachen Wert des arithmetischen Mittels der Durchmesser der Bohrungen der ersten und der zweiten Reihe sind, also folgender Formel genügen: p ≤ 5 (d1+d2) / 2, mit p Abstand der beiden Reihen,

  • d1 Durchmesser der Bohrungen der ersten Reihe
  • d2 Durchmesser der Bohrungen der zweiten Reihe.
    • In this context, the choice of the distance between the two rows is of particular importance. Values for the distance that are less than or equal to five times the arithmetic mean of the diameter of the bores of the first and second rows have proven to be optimal, i.e. the following formula suffices: p ≤ 5 (i.e. 1 + d 2 ) / 2, with p distance between the two rows,
  • d 1 diameter of the holes in the first row
  • d 2 diameter of the holes in the second row.

    • Eine weitere Verbesserung der Kühleffektivität läßt sich dann erzielen, wenn zumindest die Bohrungen der zweiten Reihe im Bereich der Austrittsöffnungen einen Axialabschnitt mit trichterförmigem Querschnittsverlauf aufweisen. Die hierdurch erzielte Querschnittsvergrößerung in der Austrittsebene führt zu einer Verringerung der Austrittsgeschwindigkeit der Teilkühlströme. Dabei kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn die Rotationsachse des trichterförmigen Axialabschnitts nicht koaxial zur Rotationsachse der übrigen Bohrung verläuft, sondern etwas in Richtung der Hauptströmung geneigt ist. Dadurch wird der austretende Kühlluftstrahl wesentlich näher an die zu kühlende Oberfläche gebracht.A further improvement in the cooling effectiveness can be achieved if at least the holes in the second row in the area of the outlet openings Have axial section with a funnel-shaped cross-sectional profile. The hereby achieved cross-sectional enlargement in the exit plane leads to a reduction the exit velocity of the partial cooling flows. It can be an advantage be when the axis of rotation of the funnel-shaped axial section is not coaxial to the axis of rotation of the rest of the hole, but somewhat in the direction of Main flow is inclined. As a result, the emerging cooling air jet becomes essential brought closer to the surface to be cooled.

    Obwohl dem Grunde nach die positiven Eigenschaften von sich trichterförmig erweiternden Austrittsöffnungen bekannt sind, wurden diese bislang nur selten eingesetzt. Der Grund liegt darin, daß die Austrittsöffnungen hochpräzise geformt sein müssen, da anderenfalls die austretenden Kühlluftströme keinen gut anliegenden Kühlfilm ausbilden. Dies bedingt einen teuren Herstellungsprozess (EDM-Prozess).Although basically the positive properties of funnel-widening Outlet openings are known, these have so far been used only rarely. The reason is that the outlet openings are formed with high precision must be, since otherwise the emerging cooling air flows do not fit well Form cooling film. This requires an expensive manufacturing process (EDM process).

    Dieses Problem tritt nun bei der Bohrungsanordnung gemäß der Erfindung nicht auf. Mittels Laser geformte trichterförmige Austrittsöffnungen haben hierbei dieselbe Kühleffizienz wie solche Austrittsöffnungen, die mit dem bisher angewandten Funkenerosionsprozess hochpräzise gefertigt worden waren, da der Strahl aus dem ersten Kühlloch den Kühlluftstrahl aus der trichterförmig geformten Bohrung an die Wand andrückt. Damit ist der Weg frei für die Anwendung des vergleichsweise kostengünstigen Laserverfahrens zum Ausformen von trichterförmigen Austrittsöffnungen.This problem does not occur with the bore arrangement according to the invention on. Funnel-shaped outlet openings shaped by laser have the same here Cooling efficiency such as outlet openings that with the previously used Spark erosion process had been manufactured with high precision since the beam from the first cooling hole the cooling air jet from the funnel-shaped bore presses against the wall. This clears the way for the application of the comparatively inexpensive laser process for forming funnel-shaped Exit ports.

    Eine weitere Steigerung der Kühlleistung ist erreichbar, wenn in einer besonders bevorzugten Variante auch die Bohrungen der ersten Reihe im Bereich der Austrittsöffnungen einen Axialabschnitt mit trichterförmigem Querschnittsverlauf aufweisen. Zusätzlich muß in diesem Fall die Bedingung eingehalten werden, daß die Fläche jeder der Austrittsöffnungen der ersten Reihe kleiner ist als die Fläche jeder der Austrittsöffnungen der zweiten Reihe.A further increase in cooling capacity can be achieved if in a special one preferred variant also the holes in the first row in the area of the outlet openings have an axial section with a funnel-shaped cross-sectional profile. In this case, the condition must also be met that the The area of each of the outlet openings of the first row is smaller than the area of each the outlet openings of the second row.

    Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing

    In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand eines Bauteilabschnitts dargestellt, welcher insbesondere Bestandteil einer Turbinenschaufel oder Brennkammer einer Gasturbine sein kann.In the drawing, exemplary embodiments of the invention are based on a component section shown, which in particular is part of a turbine blade or combustion chamber of a gas turbine.

    Es zeigen:

    Fig. 1
    Draufsicht auf einen Bauteilabschnitt mit zylindrischen Bohrungen;
    Fig. 2
    Schnitt A-A gemäß Fig. 1;
    Fig. 3
    Schnittdarstellung analog Fig. 2 einer Ausführungsvariante mit trichterförmigen Bohrungen;
    Fig. 4 bis Fig. 11
    Weitere Ausführungsvarianten mit speziell gestalteten trichterförmigen Bohrungen, jeweils in Draufsicht sowie in Schnittdarstellung.
    Show it:
    Fig. 1
    Top view of a component section with cylindrical bores;
    Fig. 2
    Section AA according to FIG. 1;
    Fig. 3
    Sectional view analogous to FIG. 2 of an embodiment variant with funnel-shaped bores;
    4 to 11
    Other design variants with specially designed funnel-shaped bores, each in top view and in a sectional view.

    Es sind nur die für das Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente gezeigt. Only the elements essential for understanding the invention are shown.

    Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay of carrying out the invention

    Die in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Bohrungsanordnung weist eine erste Reihe 1 von Bohrungen 10 auf. Die Bohrungen 10 sind äquidistant zueinander angeordnet. Im Falle einer Turbinenschaufel können sich die Bohrungen 10 über die gesamte Schaufelhöhe erstrecken.The bore arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a first row 1 of holes 10 on. The bores 10 are arranged equidistant from one another. In the case of a turbine blade, the bores 10 can extend over the extend the entire height of the bucket.

    Benachbart und stromabwärts zur Reihe 1 ist eine zweite Reihe 2 von Bohrungen 20 vorgesehen.Adjacent and downstream of row 1 is a second row 2 of holes 20 provided.

    Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Bohrungen 10, 20 rotationssymmetrisch in bezug auf Rotationsachsen 11, 21 ausgeführt und besitzen somit eine zylindrische Grundform. Die Bohrungen 10, 20 durchsetzen in axialer Richtung vollständig eine Wand 50 unter Bildung von Eintrittsöffnungen 13, 23 und Austrittsöffnungen 14, 24.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the bores 10, 20 are rotationally symmetrical executed with respect to axes of rotation 11, 21 and thus have a cylindrical Basic form. The bores 10, 20 penetrate completely in the axial direction a wall 50 with the formation of inlet openings 13, 23 and outlet openings 14, 24.

    Die Anzahl der Bohrungen 10 der ersten Reihe 1 ist im wesentlichen gleich der Anzahl der Bohrungen 20 der zweiten Reihe 2. Der Ausdruck "im wesentlichen gleich" bedeutet in diesem Zusammenhang, dass aufgrund der hier gezeigten gestaffelten Anordnung der Bohrungen 10 in Relation zu den Bohrungen 20 eine der beiden Reihen 1, 2 aus Symmetriegründen eine zusätzliche Bohrung aufweisen kann, im übrigen aber eine Zuordnung zwischen den Bohrungen 10 der ersten Reihe 1 und den Bohrungen 20 der zweiten Reihe 2 vorgegeben ist. Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 ist die Zuordnung derart, dass die Austrittsöffnungen 24 der Bohrungen 20 in bezug auf die Richtung des Heißgasstroms 100 in der Mitte zwischen den Austrittsöffnungen 14 der Bohrungen 10 angeordnet ist. Diese Art der Staffelung hat sich als besonders günstig im Hinblick auf die Effektivität des sich ausbildenden Kühlfilms erwiesen.The number of bores 10 of the first row 1 is substantially the same Number of holes 20 in the second row 2. The expression "essentially equal "in this context means that due to the staggered shown here Arrangement of the holes 10 in relation to the holes 20 one of the two rows 1, 2 have an additional hole for reasons of symmetry can, but otherwise an assignment between the holes 10 of the first Row 1 and the holes 20 of the second row 2 is predetermined. In the embodiment 1, the assignment is such that the outlet openings 24 of the holes 20 with respect to the direction of the hot gas stream 100 in the The middle between the outlet openings 14 of the bores 10 is arranged. This Type of staggering has proven to be particularly beneficial in terms of effectiveness of the cooling film developing.

    Der Durchmesser d1 der Bohrungen 10 ist kleiner als der Durchmesser d2 der Bohrungen 20. Im hier konkret dargestellten Fall ist der Durchmesser d1 jeweils halb so groß wie der Durchmesser d2. Diese Relation stellt sicher, dass sich der durch die Bohrungen 10 austretende Teilkühlfilm vollständig über den durch die Bohrungen 20 austretenden weiteren Teilkühlfilm legt und letzteren gegen die Wand 50 im Bereich der Oberfläche 53 drückt. Andererseits ist aufgrund des vergleichsweise geringen Durchmessers d1 der Luftverbrauch in Relation zu der erzielten Kühlwirkung äußerst gering.The diameter d1 of the bores 10 is smaller than the diameter d2 of the Bores 20. In the case shown here specifically, the diameter is d1 in each case half the diameter d2. This relation ensures that the through the holes 10 emerging cooling film completely over the through the Bores 20 emerging further partial cooling film and the latter against the Wall 50 presses in the area of surface 53. On the other hand, due to the comparative small diameter d1 the air consumption in relation to the achieved Extremely low cooling effect.

    Von besonderer Bedeutung ist in diesem Zusammenhang auch die Wahl des Abstandes p zwischen den beiden Reihen 1, 2. Er ist korreliert mit den Durchmessern d1, d2 der Bohrungen 10, 20 und sollte den fünffachen Wert des arithmetischen Mittels aus den Durchmessern d1, d2 nicht übersteigen. Anderenfalls besteht die Gefahr einer nicht mehr ausreichenden Wechselwirkung zwischen den aus den Bohrungen 10 und 20 austretenden Teilkühlfilmen.In this context, the choice of the distance is of particular importance p between the two rows 1, 2. It is correlated with the diameters d1, d2 of holes 10, 20 and should be five times the arithmetic value Do not exceed by means of the diameters d1, d2. Otherwise there is the danger of an insufficient interaction between the partial cooling films emerging from holes 10 and 20.

    In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Rotationsachsen 11, 21 achsparallel ausgerichtet und verlaufen etwas geneigt in Richtung der Heißgasströmung 100. Damit werden die austretenden Teilkühlluftströme etwas in Richtung auf die zu kühlende Oberfläche 53 ausgeblasen und in Folge der zusätzlichen Wirkung des Heißgasstroms 100 vollends umgelenkt.In the illustrated embodiment, the axes of rotation 11, 21 are axially parallel aligned and somewhat inclined in the direction of the hot gas flow 100. The emerging partial cooling air flows are somewhat in the direction blown onto the surface to be cooled 53 and as a result of the additional Effect of the hot gas flow 100 completely redirected.

    Die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Ausführungsvariante ist in weitgehender Übereinstimmung mit der vorstehend beschriebenen.The embodiment variant shown in FIG. 3 is largely in agreement with that described above.

    Wiederum sind zwei Reihen 1', 2' von Bohrungen 10', 20' vorgesehen, die eine Wand 50' vollständig durchsetzen. Die Durchmesser d1' der Bohrungen 10' sind halb so groß wie die Durchmesser d2' der Bohrungen 20'.Again, two rows 1 ', 2' of bores 10 ', 20' are provided, one Fully penetrate wall 50 '. The diameters d1 'of the bores 10' are half the diameter d2 'of the bores 20'.

    Im Unterschied zum eingangs beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel besitzen sowohl die Bohrungen 10' als auch die Bohrungen 20' Axialabschnitte 16', 26', die sich trichterförmig zu Austrittsöffnungen 14', 24' hin erweitern. Die Fläche der Austrittsöffnung 14' ist kleiner als die Fläche der Austrittsöffnungen 24'. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die trichterförmigen Axialabschnitte 16', 26' nicht rotationssymmetrisch zu den Rotationsachsen 11', 21' der Bohrungen 10', 20', sondern verlaufen stärker geneigt zur Oberfläche 53' hin. Neben der durch die Trichterform bedingte Reduzierung der Ausblasgeschwindigkeit der Teilkühlluftströme erfolgt eine zusätzliche Umlenkung in Richtung der Oberfläche 53' hin.In contrast to the exemplary embodiment described at the outset, both have the bores 10 'and the bores 20' axial sections 16 ', 26', the expand in a funnel shape towards outlet openings 14 ', 24'. The area of the exit opening 14 'is smaller than the area of the outlet openings 24'. In the illustrated The funnel-shaped axial sections 16 ', 26' are not an exemplary embodiment rotationally symmetrical to the axes of rotation 11 ', 21' of the bores 10 ', 20', but rather incline towards surface 53 '. In addition to the through the Funnel shape-related reduction in the blow-out speed of the partial cooling air flows there is an additional deflection in the direction of the surface 53 '.

    Es ist auch denkbar, im Extremfall die Bohrungen 10', 20' in ihrer gesamten axialen Erstreckung trichterförmig auszubilden, wobei weiterhin die Bedingung erfüllt sein muss, dass der Durchmesser der Eintrittsöffnung 13' kleiner sein muss als der Durchmesser der Eintrittsöffnung 23'.It is also conceivable, in extreme cases, the bores 10 ', 20' in their entire axial To form a funnel-shaped extension, the condition still being fulfilled must be that the diameter of the inlet opening 13 'must be smaller than the diameter of the inlet opening 23 '.

    Die in den Figuren 4 bis 7 dargestellten Ausführungsvarianten weisen übereinstimmend zylindrische Bohrungen 10 der ersten Reihe 1 auf, wie sie im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 1 und 2 beschrieben sind. Die Besonderheit liegt in der Gestaltung der Bohrungen 20' der zweiten Reihe 2', die trichterförmig gestaltet sind.The embodiment variants shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 are identical cylindrical bores 10 of the first row 1 as related are described with Figures 1 and 2. The peculiarity lies in the Design of the bores 20 'of the second row 2', which is funnel-shaped are.

    Die in den Figuren 4 und 5 gezeigte Ausführungsform besitzt Bohrungen 20', die in ihrer gesamten axialen Erstreckung trichterförmig ausgebildet sind. Die Eintrittsöffnungen 23' sind entsprechend den vorstehend beschriebenen Varianten kreisförmig bzw. im Falle der gezeigten, in Richtung der Hauptströmung 100 weisenden vorwärts geneigten Ausrichtung, ellipsenförmig. Die Austrittsöffnungen 24' besitzen in der Ansicht gemäß Fig. 4 eine trapezförmige Gestalt mit einer sich in Richtung des Heißgasstromes 100 vergrößernden Breite. Der Übergang von der Kreis- bzw. Ellipsenform der Eintrittsöffnung 23' zur Trapezform der Austrittsöffnung 24' vollzieht sich kontinuierlich über die gesamte axiale Erstreckung der Bohrung 20'. Auf diese Weise entsteht ein strömungstechnisch optimal gestalteter diffusorartiger Querschnittsverlauf.The embodiment shown in Figures 4 and 5 has bores 20 ' are funnel-shaped in their entire axial extent. The entry openings 23 'correspond to the variants described above circular or in the case of those shown, pointing in the direction of the main flow 100 forward tilt, elliptical. The outlet openings 24 ' 4 have a trapezoidal shape with an in Direction of the hot gas stream 100 increasing width. The transition from the Circular or elliptical shape of the inlet opening 23 'to the trapezoidal shape of the outlet opening 24 'takes place continuously over the entire axial extent of the Hole 20 '. In this way, the flow is optimally designed diffuser-like cross-sectional profile.

    Die Variante gemäß den Figuren 6 und 7 unterscheidet sich von der vorhergehenden durch den Querschnittsverlauf der Bohrung 20' in axialer Richtung. Ausgehend von der Eintrittsöffnung 23' ist die Bohrung zunächst zylindrisch gestaltet. Erst in der Nähe der Austrittsöffnung 24' schließt sich der trichterförmige Axialabschnitt 26' an, der den Übergang von der Kreis- bzw. Ellipsenform zur Trapezform vollzieht.The variant according to FIGS. 6 and 7 differs from the previous one through the cross-sectional profile of the bore 20 'in the axial direction. outgoing from the inlet opening 23 ', the bore is initially cylindrical. The funnel-shaped axial section closes only in the vicinity of the outlet opening 24 ' 26 'on, the transition from the circular or elliptical shape to the trapezoidal shape takes place.

    Die in den Figuren 8 bis 11 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele zeigen Variationen von Bohrungen 10' der ersten Reihe 1'. Die Bohrungen 20' der zweiten Reihe 2' sind in Übereinstimmung mit denjenigen der vorstehend beschriebenen Variante gemäß den Figuren 6 und 7.The exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 8 to 11 show variations of holes 10 'of the first row 1'. The bores 20 'of the second row 2' are in accordance with those of the variant described above according to FIGS. 6 and 7.

    Die Figuren 8 und 9 zeigen eine Modifikation, bei der die Austrittsöffnung 14' ebenfalls trapezförmig ausgebildet ist, wobei der trichterförmige Axialabschnitt 16' auf einen Bereich benachbart zur Austrittsöffnung 14' beschränkt ist.FIGS. 8 and 9 show a modification in which the outlet opening 14 ' is also trapezoidal, the funnel-shaped axial section 16 ' is restricted to an area adjacent to the outlet opening 14 '.

    Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Figuren 10 und 11 besitzt Bohrungen 10', deren Austrittsöffnungen quer zur Richtung des Heißgasstromes 100 verbreitert ausgeführt sind. Der Übergang von der Kreis- bzw. Ellipsenform der Eintrittsöffnung 13' zur Langlochform der Austrittsöffnung 14' erfolgt kontinuierlich längs der axialen Erstreckung der Bohrung 10'. Ebenso ist jedoch auch ein Übergang längs eines kürzeren Axialabschnitts im Bereich der Austrittsöffnungen 14' möglich.The exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 10 and 11 has bores 10 ', the outlet openings widened transversely to the direction of the hot gas stream 100 are executed. The transition from the circular or elliptical shape of the entrance opening 13 'to the elongated hole shape of the outlet opening 14' takes place continuously along the axial extension of the bore 10 '. However, there is also a longitudinal transition of a shorter axial section in the area of the outlet openings 14 '.

    Den Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß den Figuren 4 bis 11 ist gemeinsam, dass auch im Falle weniger hochpräzise, beispielsweise mittels Laserstrahl, gefertigter Bohrungen, ein Kühlfilm ausgebildet wird, der hocheffizient und stabil über große Lauflängen ist. Somit können die Flächen der Austrittsöffnungen 14' der Bohrungen 10' sehr viel kleiner gewählt werden als die Flächen der Austrittsöffnungen 24' der Bohrungen 20'.The exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 4 to 11 have in common that even in the case of less high-precision, for example by means of a laser beam Holes, a cooling film is formed that is highly efficient and stable over large Run lengths is. Thus, the surfaces of the outlet openings 14 'of the bores 10 'are chosen to be much smaller than the areas of the outlet openings 24' the bores 20 '.

    In einem konkreten Versuchsträger konnte die Effizienz der Filmkühlung anhand eines Turbinenprofils nachgewiesen werden. Der Durchmesser d1 betrug 0,35 mm, der Durchmesser d2 betrug 0,50 mm.The efficiency of the film cooling was demonstrated in a concrete test vehicle of a turbine profile can be demonstrated. The diameter d1 was 0.35 mm, the diameter d2 was 0.50 mm.

    Die Bohrungsanordnung befand sich auf der Saugseite des Turbinenprofils bei S/L = 0,37 (mit S als aktueller Bogenlänge und L als gesamter Lauflänge bis zur Hinterkante). Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass der sich ausbildende Kühlfilm nicht nur in unmittelbarer Nähe der Bohrungsanordnung, sondern auch noch in der Nähe der Hinterkante wirksam war und gegenüber einem Vergleichsversuch mit einer herkömmlichen Doppelreihenanordnung mit Bohrungen übereinstimmenden Durchmessers erheblich bessere Kühleffektivität aufwies.The drilling arrangement was located on the suction side of the turbine profile S / L = 0.37 (with S as the current arc length and L as the total run length up to Trailing edge). It could be demonstrated that the cooling film that forms not only in the immediate vicinity of the hole arrangement, but also was effective near the trailing edge and compared to a comparison test with a conventional double row arrangement with holes Diameter had significantly better cooling effectiveness.

    BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

    11
    Reiheline
    1'1'
    Reiheline
    22
    Reiheline
    2'2 '
    Reiheline
    1010
    Bohrungdrilling
    10'10 '
    Bohrungdrilling
    1111
    Rotationsachseaxis of rotation
    1313
    Eintrittsöffnunginlet opening
    13'13 '
    Eintrittsöffnunginlet opening
    1414
    Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
    14'14 '
    Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
    16'16 '
    trichterförmiger Axialabschnittfunnel-shaped axial section
    2020
    Bohrungdrilling
    20'20 '
    Bohrungdrilling
    2121
    Rotationsachseaxis of rotation
    2323
    Eintrittsöffnunginlet opening
    23'23 '
    Eintrittsöffnunginlet opening
    2424
    Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
    24'24 '
    Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
    26'26 '
    trichterförmiger Axialabschnittfunnel-shaped axial section
    5050
    Wandwall
    50'50 '
    Wandwall
    5353
    Oberflächesurface
    53'53 '
    Oberfläche surface
    100100
    HeißgasstromHot gas stream
    d1d1
    Durchmesser der Bohrungen der ersten ReiheDiameter of the holes in the first row
    d1'd1 '
    Durchmesser der Bohrungen der ersten ReiheDiameter of the holes in the first row
    d2d2
    Durchmesser der Bohrungen der zweiten ReiheSecond row hole diameter
    d2'd2 '
    Durchmesser der Bohrungen der zweiten ReiheSecond row hole diameter
    pp
    Abstand der beiden ReihenDistance between the two rows

    Claims (10)

    1. Arrangement of holes for forming a cooling film on a component wall subjected to a flow of hot gas, the component being in particular a turbine vane or blade or a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, the arrangement having a first row of holes and, located adjacent to and downstream of the first row of holes, a second row of holes, the diameter of the holes in the first row being smaller than the diameter of the holes in the second row, characterized in that the number of holes (10, 10') of the first row (1, 1') is substantially equal to or smaller than the number of holes (20, 20') of the second row (2, 2').
    2. Arrangement of holes according to Claim 1, characterized in that outlet openings (24, 24') of the holes (20, 20') of the second row (2, 2') are arranged, relative to the direction of the flow of hot gas (100), offset to the side of or centrally between outlet openings (14, 14') of the holes (10, 10') of the first row (1, 1').
    3. Arrangement of holes according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the holes (20, 20') of the second row (2, 2') are aligned with their axes parallel to those of the holes (10, 10') of the first row (1, 1').
    4. Arrangement of holes according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter (d1, d1') of the holes (10, 10') of the first row is greater than or equal to half the diameter (d2, d2') of the holes (20, 20') of the second row (2, 2').
    5. Arrangement of holes according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance (p) between the two rows (1, 2, 1', 2') is smaller than or equal to five times the arithmetic average of the diameters (d1', d2') of the holes (10, 20, 10', 20') of the first and the second row (1, 2, 1', 2').
    6. Arrangement of holes according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holes (20') of the second row (2') have an axial portion (26') with a funnel-shaped variation of the cross-section in the region of the outlet openings (24').
    7. Arrangement of holes according to Claim 6, characterized in that the holes (10') of the first row (1') have an axial portion (16') with a funnel-shaped variation of the cross-section in the region of the outlet opening (14'), the area of each of the outlet openings (14') of the first row (1) being smaller than the area of each of the outlet openings (26') in the second row.
    8. Arrangement of holes according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the funnel-shaped axial portions (16') are formed by means of laser.
    9. Arrangement of holes according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the outlet openings (24') and/or the outlet openings (14') are configured to be trapezoidal in plan view with the width increasing in the direction of the flow of hot gas (100).
    10. Arrangement of holes according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet openings (24') and/or the outlet openings (14') have the shape of elongated holes in plan view, which elongated holes are aligned transverse to the direction of the flow of hot gas (100).
    EP98810475A 1998-05-20 1998-05-20 Film-cooling holes in staggered rows Expired - Lifetime EP0959228B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP98810475A EP0959228B1 (en) 1998-05-20 1998-05-20 Film-cooling holes in staggered rows
    DE59808819T DE59808819D1 (en) 1998-05-20 1998-05-20 Staggered arrangement of film cooling holes
    US09/312,061 US6267552B1 (en) 1998-05-20 1999-05-17 Arrangement of holes for forming a cooling film

    Applications Claiming Priority (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP98810475A EP0959228B1 (en) 1998-05-20 1998-05-20 Film-cooling holes in staggered rows

    Publications (2)

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    EP0959228A1 EP0959228A1 (en) 1999-11-24
    EP0959228B1 true EP0959228B1 (en) 2003-06-25

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    DE59808819D1 (en) 2003-07-31
    EP0959228A1 (en) 1999-11-24

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