EP0953740A1 - Système à amortissement de son et traitement catalytique - Google Patents

Système à amortissement de son et traitement catalytique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0953740A1
EP0953740A1 EP98108026A EP98108026A EP0953740A1 EP 0953740 A1 EP0953740 A1 EP 0953740A1 EP 98108026 A EP98108026 A EP 98108026A EP 98108026 A EP98108026 A EP 98108026A EP 0953740 A1 EP0953740 A1 EP 0953740A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
gas emission
canister
emission stream
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98108026A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0953740B1 (fr
Inventor
Gregory Thomas Garr
Martin Robert Jenkins
Alan Michael Statetzny
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Umicore AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Degussa GmbH
Degussa Huels AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degussa GmbH, Degussa Huels AG filed Critical Degussa GmbH
Priority to EP19980108026 priority Critical patent/EP0953740B1/fr
Priority to DE1998630898 priority patent/DE69830898T2/de
Publication of EP0953740A1 publication Critical patent/EP0953740A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0953740B1 publication Critical patent/EP0953740B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2885—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F01N2230/04—Catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/10—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for avoiding stress caused by expansions or contractions due to temperature variations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths

Definitions

  • Mufflers typically are designed in one of three ways: (a) with staggered baffles; (b) with sound defeating angling; or (c) with fiberglass packing. Staggered baffled mufflers are the most commonly used in the automobile industry because they are efficient, inexpensive and easy to manufacture.
  • Catalytic converters are typically designed in two ways: (a) with a honeycomb material; or (b) with beads. Both the honeycomb material and the beads are coated with a catalytic substance which causes the undesirable and harmful compounds in the exhaust gas emission stream to be converted in a predetermined catalytic reaction into harmless components.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for an internal combustion engine, particularly a small engine of that type and especially a two-cycle engine, which is capable of both reducing exhaust noise and catalytically controlling pollutant emissions simultaneously and in a single unit. More specifically, this invention relates to a canister which employs at least one Perforated and catalytically coated device to simultaneously reduce noise and harmful emissions associated with the exhausting emission stream from gas or diesel engines.
  • the present invention preferably employs several catalytically coated hollow members situated in a muffler canister to interrupt the parallel flow of the entering exhaust gas stream, thereby forcing a reduced velocity and deadening the decibel level.
  • the hollow members are tubes; i.e., hollow right cylinders that can be circular or oval in cross-section.
  • the cross-sectional configuration can however, be of any convenient shape.
  • the tubes preferably are fabricated from a metal, but also can be fabricated from a non-metal, such as a ceramic, by conventional manufacturing techniques.
  • the catalytic coating on the surface of these tubes provides the catalyst interaction necessary to reduce the pollutant content of the emission stream.
  • Any type of known catalytic coating suitable for conversion of the harmful compounds in exhaust streams can be used for this purpose.
  • Examples of such catalysts are widely known; see, for example, Domesle et al., U.S. 5,496,788 and U.S. 5,516,494 of Degussa AG.
  • the tubes can be randomly arranged or according to a regular pattern. Thus, emission noise and pollution are both treated within the same unit and by the same device, thereby obviating the need for two different types of devices.
  • the tubes are preferably situated in a random manner within the canister to additionally foster non-parallel and turbulent exhaust flow. This type of exhaust flow both effectuates sound deadening effects and promotes catalyst/emission interaction.
  • one feature of the invention is an apparatus for catalytic treatment and noise reduction of an exhaust gas emission stream from an internal combustion engine for a vehicle, comprising a canister having an inlet and an outlet and a plurality of hollow elements having an emissions catalyst coated thereon disposed inside the canister.
  • the hollow elements are arranged inside the canister to obstruct a substantially laminar flow of the exhaust gas emission stream entering the inlet of the canister and to produce a turbulent flow and a pressure drop across the inlet and the outlet of the canister, thereby muffling noise from the exhaust gas emission stream before exiting the outlet of the canister.
  • contact between the exhaust gas emission stream and the emissions catalyst causes a catalytic reaction therebetween, thereby catalytically treating the exhaust gas emission stream before exiting the outlet of the canister.
  • Another feature of the invention is a method for catalytic treatment and noise reduction of an exhaust gas emission stream from an internal combustion engine for a vehicle.
  • This method comprises passing the exhaust gas emission stream into a canister having an inlet and an outlet and having disposed inside a plurality of hollow elements having an emissions catalyst coated thereon.
  • the hollow elements are arranged inside the canister to obstruct a substantially laminar flow of the exhaust gas emission stream entering into the inlet of the canister and passing through the elements, thereby producing turbulent exhaust gas emission stream flow and a drop in pressure across the canister to muffle noise.
  • the method further comprises the step of simultaneously contacting the exhaust gas emission stream with the emissions catalyst under conditions of turbulent flow to thereby cause a catalytic reaction therebetween, thus purifying the exhaust gas emission stream before exiting the outlet of the canister.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.
  • the exhaust gas emission stream is directed into the inlet pipe 20 and thereafter, into the muffler canister 10.
  • the inlet pipe 20 and the outlet pipe 70 can be in-line or, as shown in Fig. 1, can be offset.
  • the flow of the exhaust gas emissions stream (represented by arrows in Fig. 1) is forced to change directions frequently due to the plurality of tubes 30 mounted in the muffler canister 10.
  • tube 30 is a hollow right cylinder; i.e. circular in cross-section.
  • the tube is formed of a cylindrical wall and preferably has a series of perforation 35 formed therethrough.
  • tubes 30 force the exhaust gas emission stream to experience turbulent flow and thus produce a silencing effect.
  • the arrangement of the tubes 30 within the canister can include staggered, aligned or angled orientations, as well as any combination thereof.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the tubes 30 in an orientation that combines staggered 40, aligned 50 and angled 60 pairs of tubes 30.
  • the tubes 30 within the muffler canister 10 also treat the exhaust gas emission stream for pollutants.
  • the tubes 30 are coated on their surfaces, inside and/or outside, with any suitable catalyst well known and/or conventionally used in automobile emissions treatment to, for example, catalytically convert pollutant exhaust gases into carbon dioxide and water.
  • any suitable catalyst well known and/or conventionally used in automobile emissions treatment to, for example, catalytically convert pollutant exhaust gases into carbon dioxide and water.
  • the perforations 35 along the periphery of the tubes 30 help create turbulent flow streams within the muffler 10 and enhance the interaction between the emission stream and the catalytic coating.
  • the exhaust After contacting the tubes 30 within the muffler canister 10, the exhaust, being treated and silenced, exits the muffler canister 10 through the exhaust outlet pipe 70.
  • the multiplicity, specific arrangement and dimensions of the tubes within the muffler all preferably are random to further promote turbulent flow, and are variable depending on the desired use, the desired degree of noise attenuation/pollution treatment and the type and size of the engine.
  • the tubes are perforated in any convenient shape in a random or regular pattern to further promote turbulent flow within the muffler canister.
  • the exhaust gas enters the tube element and at least a portion of the gas stream exits from the perforations in the tube wall to thereby increase turbulent flow.
  • a baffle plate 80 can be adapted to one end of a tube 30 to increase exhaust stream flow through the perforations.
  • the dimensions and the arrangement of the perforations on each tube also preferably are random and are variable according to the above factors.
  • a muffler canister in accordance with the present invention employs tubes of equal or unequal diameter oriented in a staggered, an aligned and/or an angled relation (from 45° to 180° relative to one another), and each individual tube has similar or differing perforation patterns.
  • the tubes are secured within the noise muffler by welding the tubes to the muffler canister and/or by welding the tubes to each other, by packing the tubes within an enclosed canister, or by any conventional method known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • tubes having a height and length equal to the inner dimensions of the canister are packed and sealed therein.
  • Such an arrangement provides a compact aligned, end-to-end orientation of the tubes. This forces exhaust through the tubes rather then around them, influencing both catalytic interaction and the necessary baffling effect.
  • the canister itself can be formed of any convenient metal and can be circular, rectangular or any other shape in cross-section. Typical canister designs known in the art can be used for purposes of the present invention.
  • the effects of vibration on the tubes can be reduced by employing a nonflammable material, such as vermiculite or ceramic, on any portion of the inside walls of the canister.
  • a nonflammable material such as vermiculite or ceramic
  • an insulator can be placed on the inside walls to reduce canister heat.
  • an apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention provides the silencing effect of a conventional small engine muffler as well as the pollution treatment aspects of a conventional catalytic converter in a single unit.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
EP19980108026 1998-05-02 1998-05-02 Système à amortissement de son et traitement catalytique Expired - Lifetime EP0953740B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19980108026 EP0953740B1 (fr) 1998-05-02 1998-05-02 Système à amortissement de son et traitement catalytique
DE1998630898 DE69830898T2 (de) 1998-05-02 1998-05-02 System zur Schalldämpfung und katalytischen Behandlung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19980108026 EP0953740B1 (fr) 1998-05-02 1998-05-02 Système à amortissement de son et traitement catalytique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0953740A1 true EP0953740A1 (fr) 1999-11-03
EP0953740B1 EP0953740B1 (fr) 2005-07-20

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Family Applications (1)

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EP19980108026 Expired - Lifetime EP0953740B1 (fr) 1998-05-02 1998-05-02 Système à amortissement de son et traitement catalytique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0953740B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69830898T2 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1212621A (en) * 1968-07-31 1970-11-18 Texaco Development Corp Improvements relating to a system for treating internal combustion engine exhaust gases.
DE8912193U1 (de) * 1989-08-05 1989-11-30 Tomala, Michal, Katowice Auspufftopf für eine Auspuffanlage
EP0530493A2 (fr) * 1991-09-04 1993-03-10 GAVONI B.G.M., SILENZIATORI DI ALBINO GAVONI & C. S.a.S. Silencieux combiné avec convertisseur catalytique pour moteurs à combustion interne et éléments de diaphragme modulaire pour ledit silencieux
EP0542124A1 (fr) * 1991-11-12 1993-05-19 Schwäbische Hüttenwerke GmbH Silencieux
WO1997001023A1 (fr) * 1995-06-22 1997-01-09 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Silencieux a convertisseur catalytique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1212621A (en) * 1968-07-31 1970-11-18 Texaco Development Corp Improvements relating to a system for treating internal combustion engine exhaust gases.
DE8912193U1 (de) * 1989-08-05 1989-11-30 Tomala, Michal, Katowice Auspufftopf für eine Auspuffanlage
EP0530493A2 (fr) * 1991-09-04 1993-03-10 GAVONI B.G.M., SILENZIATORI DI ALBINO GAVONI & C. S.a.S. Silencieux combiné avec convertisseur catalytique pour moteurs à combustion interne et éléments de diaphragme modulaire pour ledit silencieux
EP0542124A1 (fr) * 1991-11-12 1993-05-19 Schwäbische Hüttenwerke GmbH Silencieux
WO1997001023A1 (fr) * 1995-06-22 1997-01-09 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Silencieux a convertisseur catalytique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69830898D1 (de) 2005-08-25
DE69830898T2 (de) 2006-04-06
EP0953740B1 (fr) 2005-07-20

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