EP0953383A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung der inneren Oberfläche einer Gasflasche - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung der inneren Oberfläche einer Gasflasche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0953383A1
EP0953383A1 EP99400958A EP99400958A EP0953383A1 EP 0953383 A1 EP0953383 A1 EP 0953383A1 EP 99400958 A EP99400958 A EP 99400958A EP 99400958 A EP99400958 A EP 99400958A EP 0953383 A1 EP0953383 A1 EP 0953383A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bottle
laser beam
deflected
prism
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99400958A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Catherine Ronge
Daniel Boucheron
Robert France
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude, LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP0953383A1 publication Critical patent/EP0953383A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • B08B9/0804—Cleaning containers having tubular shape, e.g. casks, barrels, drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
    • B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
    • Y10S148/073—Hollow body
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
    • Y10S148/093—Laser beam treatment in general

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for processing from the inner surface of a gas cylinder. It also concerns a gas cylinder whose internal surface has been treated by the process.
  • Gas storage cylinders consist of a material, generally metallic, compatible with the characteristics of the stored gas.
  • a mechanical polishing technique consists for example in performing micro-balling of the internal surface of the bottle.
  • the bottle is arranged vertically with the neck directed down.
  • a cane for feeding glass beads and projecting these are introduced into the bottle along its axis.
  • the bottle being driven in rotation around its axis, the glass balls are projected against the inner surface of the bottle from the end of the cane.
  • the rod is moved axially along the length of the bottle so to ensure a treatment of the bottle over its entire length.
  • This polishing technique as well as the other techniques of polishing, have the disadvantage of creating microcavities on the surface crushed metal, likely to trap impurities that can contaminate the gas in the bottle.
  • Bottle cleaning by chemical cleaning successively washes in acid baths, then basic, followed by each step, rinsing with deionized water and finally drying the bottles. Treatment times can thus reach several hours per bottle, and generate significant consumption of products. These treatments require heavy installations, especially for recycling rinsing water.
  • Chemical ultrasonic cleaning consists of a succession immersion of the bottles in baths of different natures in the presence ultrasound.
  • the first phase includes immersing the bottles in a bath detergent based on phosphoric acid at a temperature of 50 ° C to 70 ° C in the presence of ultrasound.
  • the bottles are rinsed before being dried in a filtered nitrogen stream maintained at around 60 ° C.
  • the rinsing phase includes a first step of two immersions successive in two tanks filled with water.
  • EP-A-0.753.380 describes a method for treating a pressurized gas container using a series of steps of the type of those mentioned above.
  • document FR-A-1,603,506 describes a shaping process mechanics of the internal surface of hollow parts.
  • EP-B-0.380.387 describes a device for cleaning a surface using a laser beam.
  • this device is only works only for easily accessible surfaces, due to the use a handpiece for the orientation of the laser beam. Thus, the device does not cannot be used to treat the inside of a bottle.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a method and a device for processing of the internal surface of a gas cylinder, which is quick and easy to to implement, while ensuring satisfactory treatment of the surface internal of the bottle.
  • the invention further relates to a gas cylinder, characterized in that it has an internal surface treated by the method described above.
  • the device for treating gas cylinders shown in the figure 1, essentially comprises, on a base 10, means 12 for displacement in translation of a bottle B along its longitudinal axis X-X, means 14 for rotating the bottle around its axis, and means 16 for scanning the internal surface of the bottle with a treatment laser beam 17.
  • the base 10 constitutes a horizontal base and comprises two parallel rails 18. These rails are intended for guiding a support carriage 20 horizontal of bottle B and transport thereof.
  • the means 12 for translational movement comprise a group geared motor 22 associated with drive means not shown adapted to ensure translational movement of the following carriage 20 the parallel rails 18.
  • the means 14 for rotating the bottle B around its axis X-X are carried by the carriage 20. It comprises a drum 24 with horizontal axis inside which the bottle B is rotatably mounted.
  • the drum 24 comprises, at each end, a flange 26 for clamping the bottle so to ensure its training in rotation.
  • the rotating part of the drum 24 is connected, by means not shown, to a geared motor drive unit 28.
  • the means 16 for scanning using the laser beam comprise a power laser 30, for example a solid laser YAG Nd emitting in the near infrared. Its emission wavelength is 1.064 microns. This laser operates in continuous or pulse mode and is suitable for produce pulses of 500 mJ at 30 Hz or even 100 Hz. The diameter of the laser beam is 6 mm.
  • CO 2 gas lasers and excimer lasers can also be used for this type of treatment.
  • the duration of a pulse is adjustable between 10 and 30 nanoseconds.
  • the means 16 also include an optical guide assembly 32 and deflection of the laser beam 17 emitted by the laser 30.
  • This optical assembly 32 comprises an optical rod 34 supported horizontally along the X-X axis of the bottle by a console 36 fixed to the end of the guide rail between the laser 30 and the bottle B.
  • the optical rod 34 comprises a cylindrical envelope 37, defining an axial passage for the laser beam 17.
  • the cylindrical envelope 37 has an external diameter of 21 mm to allow its introduction into the neck of bottle B with a diameter of 22 mm.
  • the means 16 comprise at the exit end of the laser beam a treatment head 38, called a cane head, carried by one end of the rod 34.
  • the head 38 is shown on a larger scale in the figures 2 and 5.
  • the optical rod 34 has at its other end by which between the laser beam, a connection block 40 for pipes supply and evacuation of a cleaning gas also used to inerting and evacuation of dust. This flows through the rod 34 to the treatment head 38 and from it, by through a set of pipes which will be described next to Figure 2.
  • the treatment head 38 comprises, as shown in FIG. 2, an optical deflection member 42 articulated at the outlet end of the rod 34. Different embodiments of the member 42 will be described opposite. of the following figures.
  • This optical member 42 essentially comprises a deflection prism 43 of the laser beam.
  • the prism is articulated around a horizontal axis 44 disposed transversely to the axis of the rod 34.
  • the axis 44 is supported by two parallel arms 46 of the end of the cylindrical envelope 37 having a form of fork 48.
  • the optical member 42 is received in the space delimited by the fork 48.
  • cylindrical envelope 37 is crossed by an actuating rod. not shown, one end of which is connected to the deflection member optic 42 and the other end of which is connected to a control means, for example a jack.
  • This set of pipes comprises a discharge pipe 50 whose inner diameter is very slightly less than the diameter of the cylindrical casing 37.
  • This evacuation pipe 50 ends in the treatment head a few centimeters behind the deflection device optical 42. Between the end of the pipe 50 and the optical deflection member 42 is provided a lower notch 52. The latter is intended collecting impurities transported by the cleaning gas.
  • a first pipe 54 for conveying the cleaning gas to the optical member 42 extends inside the evacuation pipe 50.
  • the line 54 extends beyond the end of line 50 and ends immediately behind the optical deflection member 42.
  • Line 54 is further intended to conduct the laser beam 17 up to the optical deflection member 42. It has, for this purpose, a sufficient diameter for the passage of the laser beam 17.
  • a second supply line 56 extends inside the line 50 parallel to the first line 54.
  • Line 56 extends up to the level of the optical member 42. It terminates along a nozzle projection 58 in a chamber where the gas is distributed parallel to each side face of the optical member 42.
  • the free section of the evacuation pipe 50 is greater than the total of the sections of the supply lines 54 and 56. Plus, specifically, the section offered for the passage of gas in the exhaust pipe 50 is greater than the section offered for the passage of the gas during its routing to the optical deflection member 42.
  • lines 50, 54 and 56 are connected to the power supply 40.
  • the latter includes means for connecting lines 54 and 56 on a filtered source of cleaning gas supply, advantageously an inert gas and for example nitrogen.
  • the end of the evacuation pipe 50 is connected to a vacuum pump creating by suction a 100 mbar depression in bottle B.
  • the optical deflection member 42 is constituted by a right prism whose base is constituted by a right triangle isosceles.
  • the prism is shown on a larger scale in the figure 3. It is made of a high index material, for example LaSF9, of which the index n is equal to 1.82 for a wavelength of 1064 mm.
  • the hinge pin 44 passes through the prism in the vicinity of the hypotenuse near one of the peaks.
  • the hinge axis, noted 44 ' is provided near the right angle and passes outside the prism.
  • the hypotenuse of the prism is covered with a coating with high reflection coefficient (Rmax), for example a dielectric commercially available from suppliers optics for laser application.
  • Rmax high reflection coefficient
  • the other two faces of the prism are covered with a coating anti-reflective to improve the efficiency of the transmission.
  • the incident beam enters in the prism by an entry face noted 60 and emerges from the prism by a exit face 62 after a reflection on the hypotenuse of the prism, noted 64.
  • the prism has the hypotenuse arranged parallel to the incident laser beam, noted I, so that the laser beam does not undergo any deviation when passing through the prism and comes out parallel to the beam incident.
  • Figures 4A to 4C illustrate the deflection of the laser beam in various plane directions when tilting the prism around the axis hinge 44.
  • the incident beam, noted I comes out in the form of a parallel beam noted S, when the hypotenuse of the prism is parallel to the incident beam I.
  • the prism is inclined by 45 °, in the direction of the arrow F4, relative to its position in FIG. 4A, so that the laser beam is deflected after reflection on the hypotenuse by an angle of 90 °.
  • the laser beam is deflected by an angle greater than 90 °.
  • the beams I and S then define an acute angle less than 90 °.
  • the continuous angular offset of the prism allows to ensure a continuous deflection of the outgoing laser beam and thus a scanning of the plane perpendicular to the exit face of the prism using the deflected laser beam.
  • the treatment head 38 is introduced inside the latter.
  • the cane 34 is partially introduced through the neck of the next bottle the X-X axis of it.
  • the neck of the bottle is provided with a member sealing 70 pierced with an opening 72 for the passage of the optical rod 34.
  • the gas cylinder essentially comprises three successive parts consisting of a bottom F, a wall lateral cylindrical L and a neck C extended by the externally threaded neck from the bottle.
  • the prism For the treatment of the bottom F of the bottle, the prism is initially arranged in its position of FIG. 4A, that is to say with the parallel hypotenuse incident laser beam. The prism is then in the noted position P1 of Figure 5. In this initial position, the laser beam ensures the treatment of the center of the bottom F.
  • the prism is gradually angularly moved, so that the end of the beam deviated describes a spiral on the bottom F.
  • the prism is tilted slowly enough to ensure full scanning of the bottom F.
  • the prism For the treatment of the side wall L of the bottle, the prism is disposed, tilted 45 °, in its position of Figure 4B. Therefore, the beam deflected defines an angle of 90 ° with the incident beam.
  • the bottle being rotated, and the treatment head being in its position intermediate P2, the bottle is moved in translation at constant speed along its X-X axis.
  • the deflected laser beam thus performs a scanning of the side wall L following a helix with constant pitch.
  • the speed of movement in translation of the bottle is chosen from so that the pitch of the propeller is less than the width of the deflected laser beam.
  • the treatment head is placed in the position P3 in the zone of connection of the neck C to the side wall L.
  • the displacement in translation of the bottle is stopped and only the rotation of the bottle is maintained.
  • the prism is gradually tilted from an angle greater than 45 °, until the beam deviated reaches the neck of the bottle.
  • the laser beam then describes on the neck C a propeller of variable diameter.
  • the processing is carried out so as to obtain a recovery rate laser impacts of up to 10.
  • the treatment performed on the entire internal surface consists of spraying the layer of undesirable material by a first passage of the beam laser.
  • the power laser delivering short laser pulses (a few nanoseconds to a few tens of nanoseconds), with a power high peak (a few megawatts to a few tens of megawatts) promotes effective treatment. Indeed, the oxide layer undergoes a energy shock and is sprayed without thoughtlessly heating up the surface since the average power does not exceed a few watts. A mechanical effect in this case replaces a thermal vaporization effect.
  • a smoothing of the surface is obtained by a second pass, in the same conditions of the laser beam having the same characteristics.
  • the impurities present on the surface having been removed, this second scan by the laser beam produces a thermal effect leading to a reflow of the surface and therefore a smoothing thereof.
  • This smoothing is carried out up to decrease in roughness to a submicrometric scale.
  • inert gas is continuously routed through lines 54 and 56 to the optical deflection member 42.
  • the inert gas emanating from the conduits 54 and 56 provides cooling and protection of the faces of the prism.
  • the inert gas blown into the bottle is collected by the pipe outlet 50.
  • the inert gas thus sucked carries residue with it metal and impurities unhooked from the wall during treatment with laser beam.
  • residues and impurities are dust generated by spraying the oxide layer and contaminants from the surface by example from lubricants from the manufacture of the bottle. Their evacuation avoids the destruction of the optical surfaces by breakdown of the dust in the presence of the high electric field density of the beam laser.
  • the vacuum of -100 mb caused by the vacuum pump ensures reliable waste disposal.
  • the large relative section of the pipe 50 guarantees satisfactory evacuation.
  • FIGS. 6A to 6C an alternative embodiment is shown of the optical deflection member 42. It comprises a prism 80 each of which of the faces is covered with an anti-reflective coating. A mirror 82 is arranged along the hypotenuse of the prism. The single reflective face 84 of the mirror is applied along the hypotenuse towards the inside of the prism. The mirror is made in a BK7 type glass and the reflective coating is a flux resistant dielectric used.
  • the laser beam undergoes, through the prism, a deviation along an optical path similar to that of FIGS. 4A and 4B.
  • the tilt angle of the prism is greater than the limit angle shown in FIG. 6C, the laser beam penetrating through the entry face of the prism leaves the prism through the hypotenuse, is reflected on the mirror and enters again in the prism through the hypotenuse, before coming out through the face of exit.
  • the beam undergoes a deviation of a greater angle at 90 ° allowing the treatment of the neck of the bottle.
  • FIGS. 7A to 7D another variant of the reflection organ 42.
  • This comprises a prism 90 on the hypotenuse which is arranged a mirror 92.
  • the reflecting face 94 of the mirror is opposite the prism 90.
  • the prism is tilted in the opposite direction, i.e. according to the direction of arrow F7 in FIGS. 7C and 7D at an angle greater than 45 °, so that the laser beam is deflected not by the prism but by the face reflective 94 of the mirror on which the incident ray is reflected.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8D show the same constituents as the member for optical deviation of FIGS. 7A to 7D.
  • a thin blade for example made of fused silica (BK7) is applied to the reflecting face 94 of the mirror in order to ensure its protection. Such protection can be extended to all faces of the optical organ.
  • the deflection member optic comprises a simple mirror articulated around the axis 44.
  • a diaphragm of square section is arranged between the laser and the deflection member optics 42. It can be seen that the square section of the laser beam facilitates gluing between successive turns of the propeller.
  • a visual inspection of the surfaces treated according to the invention shows the effectiveness of the treatment. These surfaces are indeed free of rust and have a smooth appearance.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B show the surface states obtained for the internal surfaces of cylinders in the case of rusty steel not treated for FIG. 9A and in the case of a steel cleaned by a treatment according to the invention in the case of FIG. 9B.
  • the length of each photo corresponds at 90 microns.
  • FIG. 9A There is, in FIG. 9A, a very irregular surface whose area of the developed area is very important. On the contrary, in the case of the Figure 9B, the surface of the treated steel is more regular.
  • the oxide layer has been completely sprayed and reveals a completely smoothed surface.
  • Measures roughness performed with a Dektak 3030ST device) made on samples taken from the cylindrical body of treated bottles showed a 2-fold improvement regardless of the type of materials used for the bottle (steel or aluminum).
  • the treatment according to the invention smoothes the surface and eliminates defects of surface at a scale less than a micrometer. This improvement in the surface condition on a submicrometric scale could not be demonstrated because of the low resolution of the roughness meters currently available.
  • an untreated surface and a surface that has been treated according to the invention were subjected to the attack of nitric acid.
  • the processed samples are attacked on a few privileged sites while in the case of untreated samples, the attack is more homogeneous on the whole surface.
  • the corrosion kinetics were clearly slowed down in the case of the treated surface.
  • the surface treatment according to the invention has properties cleaning, smoothing and passivation of surfaces.
  • the number of residual particles is less than 10 particles of greater diameter at 0.2 micron in a volume of 27 liters.
  • Such a treatment is particularly suitable for bottles intended transport and storage of ultrapure gases, calibration mixtures, or special gases for the semiconductor industry.
  • the treatment method described here implementing two phases of successive treatments, a first producing a spray under the action of a non-thermal shock, followed by a second producing an effect thermal conductive surface reflow can be implemented by all appropriate means and in particular for means other than an organ optical deflection of a laser beam.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
EP99400958A 1998-04-28 1999-04-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung der inneren Oberfläche einer Gasflasche Withdrawn EP0953383A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9805299A FR2777810B1 (fr) 1998-04-28 1998-04-28 Procede et dispositif de traitement de la surface interne d'une bouteille de gaz
FR9805299 1998-04-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0953383A1 true EP0953383A1 (de) 1999-11-03

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EP99400958A Withdrawn EP0953383A1 (de) 1998-04-28 1999-04-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung der inneren Oberfläche einer Gasflasche

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US6348241B2 (de)
EP (1) EP0953383A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2000000538A (de)
FR (1) FR2777810B1 (de)
TW (1) TW442340B (de)

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GB2358791A (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-08 Versar Inc Method composition and apparatus for cleaning internal surfaces of oxygen converters and cylinders
CN111282887A (zh) * 2020-02-27 2020-06-16 杭州御兴科技有限公司 一种绝缘子表面污秽激光湿式清洗装置及清洗方法

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EP1641572B1 (de) * 2003-07-08 2011-12-28 Spectrum Technologies PLC Entfernung von beschichtungen oder schichten von oberflächen
GB0315947D0 (en) * 2003-07-08 2003-08-13 Spectrum Technologies Plc Laser removal of layer or coating from a substrate
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EP2823929A4 (de) 2012-03-09 2015-12-02 Toyokoh Co Ltd Laserbestrahlungsvorrichtung, laserbestrahlungssystem und verfahren zur entfernung eines beschichtungs- oder haftmaterials
CN103495583A (zh) * 2013-09-18 2014-01-08 中材科技（苏州）有限公司 清洗烘干装置
CN104259142A (zh) * 2014-08-04 2015-01-07 武汉和骏激光技术有限公司 一种光纤激光清洗机
ITUA20164567A1 (it) * 2016-06-21 2017-12-21 Soffieria Bertolini S P A Metodo e impianto per la siliconatura interna in linea di flaconi per uso farmaceutico
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US11273520B2 (en) * 2019-01-31 2022-03-15 General Electric Company System and method for automated laser ablation
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CN115090619B (zh) * 2022-07-21 2023-07-04 核工业理化工程研究院 一种光束可转向的激光清洗头、工件内壁清洗装置及其清洗方法
CN115815226A (zh) * 2022-11-18 2023-03-21 随州大方精密机电工程有限公司 一种采用脉冲激光进行清洗的超导腔内表面清洗设备
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US20010041228A1 (en) 2001-11-15
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US20020125257A1 (en) 2002-09-12
US6348241B2 (en) 2002-02-19
TW442340B (en) 2001-06-23
FR2777810B1 (fr) 2000-05-19

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