EP0952353B1 - Cooling device having a motor driven fan mounted to a heat exchanger - Google Patents
Cooling device having a motor driven fan mounted to a heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0952353B1 EP0952353B1 EP19990107730 EP99107730A EP0952353B1 EP 0952353 B1 EP0952353 B1 EP 0952353B1 EP 19990107730 EP19990107730 EP 19990107730 EP 99107730 A EP99107730 A EP 99107730A EP 0952353 B1 EP0952353 B1 EP 0952353B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hole
- bundle
- face
- shaft
- motor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
- F04D29/64—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of axial pumps
- F04D29/644—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/646—Mounting or removal of fans
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
- F28F9/002—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core with fastening means for other structures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2070/00—Details
- F01P2070/50—Details mounting fans to heat-exchangers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cooling device, in particular for cooling the drive motor of a motor vehicle, comprising a heat exchanger having a beam having first and second opposite main faces extending substantially in parallel planes, a motor arranged opposite said first face and fixed thereon, comprising a shaft of which a first end faces the first face, and a propeller fitted on the second end of the shaft, see for example EP-A-0 183 596.
- beam designates the part of the heat exchanger heat which is traversed at the same time by a fluid to be cooled and by an air flow intended to cool it, and where consequently the heat exchange takes place properly said.
- a beam is commonly composed of a multiplicity of parallel tubes in which the fluid to be cooled, and a multiplicity of fins crossed by the tubes and swept by the air flow, the fins contributing to the rigidity of the beam and increasing the surface of exchange with air.
- the invention proposes to provide a hole in the beam, especially in the fins and between two tubes or two rows of tubes, aligned with the location of the motor shaft, to provide a passage to a force recovery mandrel.
- a force recovery mandrel With the engine attached to the harness of the heat exchanger, we can thus introduce the mandrel in the hole until bringing it to bear on the end back of the shaft, and press the propeller on its front end by resting on the mandrel.
- the end of the shaft carrying the propeller and that facing the beam are conventionally called front and rear respectively, and these terms are always employed in accordance with this agreement.
- the invention relates in particular to a device of the kind defined in introduction, and provides that the beam is crossed, in look of the tree, through a hole from which the first end is accessible, said hole being closed by a plug reported.
- a fan motor assembly comprising an electric motor 1 and a propeller 2.
- the propeller 2 is composed of a hub or bowl 3 closed forwards and blades 4.
- the engine 1 is fixed to the bundle 7 of a heat exchanger, for example the engine cooling radiator drive a motor vehicle.
- Beam 7 is formed in a known manner of tubes 8 assembled to fins of cooling 9. Also in known manner, the tubes 8 open into manifolds, not shown.
- the engine 1 is attached to the harness 7 using of screws 10 cooperating with sockets 11 engaged in holes made in the fins of the bundle 7, between the tubes of this bundle.
- the screws 10 allow to fix to the harness 7 a base 12 secured to the engine 1.
- the rear end 13 of the motor shaft 5 is located at the vicinity of a flange 15 forming the end wall rear of the motor housing 1.
- the front end 14 of shaft 5 is forcibly engaged in a blind bore in the bowl 3 of the propeller.
- the bundle 7 has another hole 17 which, when the motor 1 is mounted on the harness, is in line with the shaft 5.
- a mandrel can be engaged in hole 17, and brought to bear against the end 13 of the shaft.
- the base 12 includes three legs 20 extending from a belt 19 surrounding the motor housing. Each leg has a flat end zone 21 pierced with a hole 22 for passage of one of the screws 10 and applied by the latter on the beam fins, via a flat plate 23 covering the slices thereof.
- Plate 23 belongs a sole or plate 24 which further comprises three sockets 25 associated respectively with the three sockets threaded 11. Each socket 25 and the corresponding socket 11 engage in the same hole 26 crossing the beam and come to rest on each other to ensure a limited tightening thereof between plate 23 and a flange radial 27 belonging to the socket 11.
- the plate 23 includes a central region 30, pierced with a hole 131 similarly diameter than hole 17 and located in line with it.
- the region 30 therefore has an annular shape and covers the front face 31 of the beam 7, directly around from the front end of hole 17.
- the flange 15 is also drilled with a hole 32 aligned with holes 17 and 131, and is in annular contact, around this hole, with a flange axial 33 formed by the plate 24 from the region 30.
- a plastic plug 34 is pressed into the hole 17, from the rear face 35 of the bundle 7, so to plug the hole over part of its length.
- the introduction of the cap is limited by a flange 36 integral of it, facing radially outward and coming resting on face 35.
- This cap is put in place after the propeller fitting on the shaft 5, during which the holes 17, 131 and 32 allow the mandrel to reach contact with the end 13 of the shaft.
- the plug 34 avoids that, during the operation of the device, agents aggressive come through holes 17, 31 and 32, to the rear bearing 37 of the shaft.
- the annular region 30 of the plate which applies on the one hand on the rear face 31 of the beam, on the other hand on the flange 15, considerably limits the risk of penetration aggressive agents who would travel radially to reach opposite hole 32.
- the variant illustrated in Figure 3 differs from the device described so far in that a tubular appendage 40 belonging to stage 24, and extending from the region annular 30 opposite the collar 33, shirt the hole 17 over part of the thickness of the beam 7 from its front face 31.
- the plug 34 cooperates with the internal face of the tube 40, and no longer with the fins, a gap ring 41 remaining between them and the plug, beyond from the end of the tube 40.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne un dispositif de refroidissement, notamment pour le refroidissement du moteur d'entraínement d'un véhicule automobile, comprenant un échangeur de chaleur comportant un faisceau présentant des première et seconde faces principales opposées s'étendant sensiblement selon des plans parallèles, un moteur disposé en regard de ladite première face et fixé sur celle-ci, comportant un arbre dont une première extrémité est tournée vers la première face, et une hélice emmanchée sur la seconde extrémité de l'arbre, voir par exemple EP-A-0 183 596.The invention relates to a cooling device, in particular for cooling the drive motor of a motor vehicle, comprising a heat exchanger having a beam having first and second opposite main faces extending substantially in parallel planes, a motor arranged opposite said first face and fixed thereon, comprising a shaft of which a first end faces the first face, and a propeller fitted on the second end of the shaft, see for example EP-A-0 183 596.
Le terme "faisceau" désigne la partie de l'échangeur de chaleur qui est parcourue à la fois par un fluide à refroidir et par un flux d'air destiné à assurer son refroidissement, et où par conséquent s'effectue l'échange de chaleur proprement dit. Un tel faisceau est couramment composé d'une multiplicité de tubes parallèles dans lesquels circule le fluide à refroidir, et d'une multiplicité d'ailettes traversées par les tubes et balayées par le flux d'air, les ailettes contribuant à la rigidité du faisceau et augmentant la surface d'échange avec l'air.The term "bundle" designates the part of the heat exchanger heat which is traversed at the same time by a fluid to be cooled and by an air flow intended to cool it, and where consequently the heat exchange takes place properly said. Such a beam is commonly composed of a multiplicity of parallel tubes in which the fluid to be cooled, and a multiplicity of fins crossed by the tubes and swept by the air flow, the fins contributing to the rigidity of the beam and increasing the surface of exchange with air.
Lorsque le groupe moto-ventilateur du dispositif de refroidissement du moteur d'un véhicule automobile est fixé, par exemple à l'aide de vis, sur le faisceau de l'échangeur de chaleur, il n'est pas judicieux en pratique de monter l'hélice sur l'arbre moteur avant la fixation du groupe sur le faisceau. Il serait en effet nécessaire dans un tel cas de faire passer les vis de fixation entre les pales de l'hélice, ce qui ne manquerait pas de créer des difficultés. Le moteur du groupe moto-ventilateur doit donc être fixé au faisceau de l'échangeur préalablement au montage de l'hélice.When the motor-cooling unit of the cooling device of the engine of a motor vehicle is fixed, by example using screws, on the heat exchanger harness heat, it is not practical in practice to climb the propeller on the motor shaft before fixing the group on the beam. It would indeed be necessary in such a case to pass the fixing screws between the propeller blades, which would not fail to create difficulties. Engine of the motor-driven fan assembly must therefore be attached to the the exchanger prior to mounting the propeller.
Par ailleurs, on doit disposer, lorsque l'on-emmanche à force l'hélice sur l'extrémité de l'arbre, d'un appui à l'autre extrémité pour exercer la réaction à l'effort d'emmanchement. In addition, we must have, when we force-fit the propeller on the end of the shaft, from one support to the other end to exert the reaction to the fitting effort.
L'invention propose à cet effet de ménager un trou dans le faisceau, en particulier dans les ailettes et entre deux tubes ou deux rangées de tubes, dans l'alignement de l'emplacement de l'arbre moteur, pour fournir un passage à un mandrin de reprise d'effort. Le moteur étant fixé au faisceau de l'échangeur de chaleur, on pourra ainsi introduire le mandrin dans le trou jusqu'à l'amener en appui sur l'extrémité arrière de l'arbre, et emmancher l'hélice à force sur son extrémité avant en prenant appui sur le mandrin. Dans le présent exposé, l'extrémité de l'arbre portant l'hélice et celle tournée vers le faisceau sont conventionnellement appelées respectivement avant et arrière, et ces termes sont toujours employés conformément à cette convention.To this end, the invention proposes to provide a hole in the beam, especially in the fins and between two tubes or two rows of tubes, aligned with the location of the motor shaft, to provide a passage to a force recovery mandrel. With the engine attached to the harness of the heat exchanger, we can thus introduce the mandrel in the hole until bringing it to bear on the end back of the shaft, and press the propeller on its front end by resting on the mandrel. In the present, the end of the shaft carrying the propeller and that facing the beam are conventionally called front and rear respectively, and these terms are always employed in accordance with this agreement.
Il convient ensuite d'éviter que, pendant le fonctionnement du dispositif de refroidissement, le palier du moteur tourné vers le faisceau soit atteint par des agents agressifs vis à vis de son lubrifiant, tels que les poussières et l'humidité, transportés par le flux d'air de refroidissement.It should then be avoided that, during operation of the cooling device, the engine bearing turned towards the beam is reached by aggressive agents towards screw its lubricant, such as dust and moisture, transported by the cooling air flow.
L'invention vise notamment un dispositif du genre défini en introduction, et prévoit que le faisceau est traversé, en regard de l'arbre, par un trou à partir duquel la première extrémité est accessible, ledit trou étant obturé par un bouchon rapporté.The invention relates in particular to a device of the kind defined in introduction, and provides that the beam is crossed, in look of the tree, through a hole from which the first end is accessible, said hole being closed by a plug reported.
Des caractéristiques optionnelles de l'invention, complémentaires ou alternatives, sont énoncées ci-après:
- Le bouchon est enfoncé à force dans le trou à partir de la seconde face du faisceau.
- Le bouchon s'appuie par une collerette sur la seconde face du faisceau.
- Le bouchon s'engage directement dans le trou du faisceau.
- Le bouchon s'engage dans un tube chemisant le trou du faisceau sur une partie au moins de l'épaisseur de ce dernier.
- Le moteur s'appuie sur la première face du faisceau par l'intermédiaire d'une platine s'étendant sur celle-ci.
- La platine comporte une région annulaire entourant immédiatement le trou.
- Le tube est solidaire de ladite région annulaire.
- Le moteur comporte un flasque d'extrémité tourné vers le faisceau et percé d'une ouverture centrale permettant l'accès à la première extrémité de l'arbre à partir du trou.
- Le flasque est en contact avec ladite région annulaire.
- The plug is forced into the hole from the second side of the bundle.
- The cap is supported by a collar on the second face of the bundle.
- The plug engages directly into the hole in the harness.
- The plug engages in a tube lining the hole in the bundle over at least part of the thickness of the latter.
- The motor is supported on the first face of the beam by means of a plate extending thereon.
- The plate has an annular region immediately surrounding the hole.
- The tube is integral with said annular region.
- The motor has an end flange facing the harness and pierced with a central opening allowing access to the first end of the shaft from the hole.
- The flange is in contact with said annular region.
Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront exposés plus en détail dans la description ci-après, en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels:
- la figure 1 est une vue partielle d'un dispositif de refroidissement selon l'invention, partiellement en coupe axiale selon la ligne I-I de la figure 5;
- la figure 2 est un détail agrandi de la figure 1;
- la figure 3 est une vue analogue à la figure 2, relative à une variante du dispositif;
- la figure 4 est une vue en perspective du moteur électrique muni de ses moyens de fixation sur le faisceau de l'échangeur de chaleur; et
- la figure 5 est une vue d'arrière du sous-ensemble de la figure 4.
- Figure 1 is a partial view of a cooling device according to the invention, partially in axial section along line II of Figure 5;
- Figure 2 is an enlarged detail of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, relating to a variant of the device;
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of the electric motor provided with its fixing means on the bundle of the heat exchanger; and
- FIG. 5 is a rear view of the sub-assembly of FIG. 4.
On voit à la figure 1 un groupe moto-ventilateur comprenant un moteur électrique 1 et une hélice 2. L'hélice 2 est composée d'un moyeu ou bol 3 fermé vers l'avant et de pales 4.We see in Figure 1 a fan motor assembly comprising an electric motor 1 and a propeller 2. The propeller 2 is composed of a hub or bowl 3 closed forwards and blades 4.
Le moteur 1 est fixé au faisceau 7 d'un échangeur de chaleur,
par exemple du radiateur de refroidissement du moteur
d'entraínement d'un véhicule automobile. Le faisceau 7 est
formé de façon connue de tubes 8 assemblés à des ailettes de
refroidissement 9. Également de façon connue, les tubes 8
débouchent dans des boítes collectrices non représentées.The engine 1 is fixed to the bundle 7 of a heat exchanger,
for example the engine cooling radiator
drive a motor vehicle. Beam 7 is
formed in a known manner of
La fixation du moteur 1 au faisceau 7 est réalisée à l'aide
de vis 10 coopérant avec des douilles 11 engagées dans des
trous ménagés dans les ailettes du faisceau 7, entre les
tubes de ce faisceau. Les vis 10 permettent de fixer au
faisceau 7 un piétement 12 solidaire du moteur 1.The engine 1 is attached to the harness 7 using
of
L'extrémité arrière 13 de l'arbre 5 du moteur est située au
voisinage d'un flasque 15 formant la paroi d'extrémité
arrière du boítier du moteur 1. L'extrémité avant 14 de
l'arbre 5 est engagée à force dans un alésage borgne du bol
3 de l'hélice.The
Selon l'invention, le faisceau 7 comporte un autre trou 17
qui, lorsque le moteur 1 est monté sur le faisceau, se trouve
dans l'alignement de l'arbre 5. Après fixation du moteur 1
sur le faisceau, par l'intermédiaire du piétement 12, un
mandrin peut être engagé dans le trou 17, et amené en appui
contre l'extrémité 13 de l'arbre. On dispose alors d'un appui
en bout d'arbre, et il est donc possible de presser axialement
sur le bol 3 de l'hélice 2 et ainsi d'emmancher à force
dans l'alésage de celui-ci l'extrémité avant de l'arbre
moteur 5.According to the invention, the bundle 7 has another
Comme on le voit sur la figure 4, le piètement 12 comprend
trois pattes 20 s'étendant à partir d'une ceinture 19
entourant le boítier du moteur. Chaque patte présente une
zone d'extrémité plane 21 percée d'un trou 22 pour le passage
de l'une des vis 10 et appliquée par celle-ci sur les
ailettes du faisceau, par l'intermédiaire d'une plaque plane
23 recouvrant les tranches de celles-ci. La plaque 23 appartient
à une semelle ou platine 24 qui comporte en outre trois
douilles 25 associées respectivement aux trois douilles
filetées 11. Chaque douille 25 et la douille 11 correspondante
s'engagent dans un même trou 26 traversant le faisceau
et viennent en appui l'une sur l'autre pour assurer un
serrage limité de celui-ci entre la plaque 23 et une collerette
radiale 27 appartenant à la douille 11. La plaque 23
comprend une région centrale 30, percée d'un trou 131 de même
diamètre que le trou 17 et situé dans l'alignement de celui-ci.
La région 30 présente donc une forme annulaire et
recouvre la face avant 31 du faisceau 7, directement autour
de l'extrémité avant du trou 17. Le flasque 15 est également
percé d'un trou 32 aligné avec les trous 17 et 131, et est en
contact annulaire, autour de ce trou, avec une collerette
axiale 33 formée par la platine 24 à partir de la région 30.As seen in Figure 4, the
Un bouchon en matière plastique 34 est enfoncé dans le trou
17, à partir de la face arrière 35 du faisceau 7, de manière
à obturer le trou sur une partie de sa longueur. L'introduction
du bouchon est limitée par une collerette 36 solidaire
de celui-ci, tournée radialement vers l'extérieur et venant
en appui sur la face 35. Ce bouchon est mis en place après
l'emmanchement de l'hélice sur l'arbre 5, lors duquel les
trous 17, 131 et 32 permettent au mandrin de parvenir en
contact avec l'extrémité 13 de l'arbre. Le bouchon 34 évite
que, lors du fonctionnement du dispositif, des agents
agressifs parviennent, à travers les trous 17, 31 et 32,
jusqu'au palier arrière 37 de l'arbre. Par ailleurs, la
région annulaire 30 de la platine, qui s'applique d'une part
sur la face arrière 31 du faisceau, d'autre part sur le
flasque 15, limite considérablement les risques de pénétration
d'agents agressifs qui chemineraient radialement pour
parvenir en regard du trou 32.A
La variante illustrée sur la figure 3 diffère du dispositif
décrit jusqu'ici en ce qu'un appendice tubulaire 40 appartenant
à la platine 24, et s'étendant à partir de la région
annulaire 30 à l'opposé de la collerette 33, chemise le trou
17 sur une partie de l'épaisseur du faisceau 7 à partir de sa
face avant 31. Le bouchon 34 coopère avec la face interne du
tube 40, et non plus avec les ailettes, un interstice
annulaire 41 subsistant entre celles-ci et le bouchon, au-delà
de l'extrémité du tube 40. Bien entendu, il est possible
de prolonger le tube 40 jusqu'à la face arrière 35 du
faisceau, l'interstice 41 étant ainsi supprimé.The variant illustrated in Figure 3 differs from the device
described so far in that a
Claims (9)
- Cooling device, particular for cooling the engine that powers a the motor vehicle, comprising a heat exchanger involving a bundle (7) having first and second opposed main faces (31, 35) lying roughly in parallel planes, a motor (1) arranged facing the said first face (31) and fixed to it, comprising a shaft (5) a first end (13) of which faces towards the first face, and a fan impellor (2) pushed onto the second end (14) of the shaft, characterized in that a hole (17), from which the first end is accessible, passes through the bundle opposite the shaft, the said hole being plugged by an attached plug (34).
- Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plug is forced into the hole from the second face (35) of the bundle.
- Device according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the plug rests via a flange (36) against the second face of the bundle.
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plug fits directly into the hole (17) in the bundle.
- Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plug fits into a tube (40) lining the hole in the bundle over at least part of the thickness thereof.
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor (1) rests against the first face (31) of the bundle (7) via a mounting plate (24) extending across this face.
- Device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the mounting plate has an annular region (30) immediately surrounding the hole (17).
- Device according to Claim 7, attached to Claim 5, characterized in that the tube (40) is secured to the said annular region (30).
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor has an end flange (15) facing towards the bundle and pierced with a central opening (32) allowing access to the first end of the shaft from the hole.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9804968 | 1998-04-21 | ||
FR9804968A FR2777597B1 (en) | 1998-04-21 | 1998-04-21 | COOLING DEVICE COMPRISING A MOTOR-FAN GROUP FIXED ON A RADIATOR |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0952353A1 EP0952353A1 (en) | 1999-10-27 |
EP0952353B1 true EP0952353B1 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
Family
ID=9525482
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19990107730 Expired - Lifetime EP0952353B1 (en) | 1998-04-21 | 1999-04-19 | Cooling device having a motor driven fan mounted to a heat exchanger |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0952353B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69911835T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2777597B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102588324A (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2012-07-18 | 苏州新凌电炉有限公司 | Blower for thermal treatment furnace |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4257554A (en) * | 1978-11-20 | 1981-03-24 | Flex-A-Lite Products Corporation | Fan assembly |
FR2573128B1 (en) * | 1984-11-14 | 1988-10-28 | Peugeot Aciers Et Outillage | DEVICE FOR COOLING THE HEAT FLUID OF A HEAT ENGINE. |
FR2730009B1 (en) * | 1995-01-30 | 1997-04-04 | Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa | SET INCLUDING A MOTOR FAN FIXED ON A HEAT EXCHANGER |
-
1998
- 1998-04-21 FR FR9804968A patent/FR2777597B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-04-19 DE DE1999611835 patent/DE69911835T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-19 EP EP19990107730 patent/EP0952353B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0952353A1 (en) | 1999-10-27 |
DE69911835T2 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
FR2777597B1 (en) | 2000-06-30 |
DE69911835D1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
FR2777597A1 (en) | 1999-10-22 |
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