EP0952332A2 - Method for detecting leaks in fuel supply systems of a vehicle - Google Patents

Method for detecting leaks in fuel supply systems of a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0952332A2
EP0952332A2 EP99107539A EP99107539A EP0952332A2 EP 0952332 A2 EP0952332 A2 EP 0952332A2 EP 99107539 A EP99107539 A EP 99107539A EP 99107539 A EP99107539 A EP 99107539A EP 0952332 A2 EP0952332 A2 EP 0952332A2
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Prior art keywords
engine
valve
fuel supply
leaks
line
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Granted
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EP99107539A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0952332A3 (en
EP0952332B1 (en
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Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Hopf
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Adam Opel GmbH
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Adam Opel GmbH
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Publication of EP0952332B1 publication Critical patent/EP0952332B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02M25/0809—Judging failure of purge control system

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves detecting engine shut-off conditions by evaluating engine operating parameters, opening the tank vent valve or a separate blocking valve mounted in the vent line and closing a valve in a line between an adsorption container and the atmosphere. Depending on the detected conditions, the engine off conditions are detected by evaluating the operating parameters. The tank vent valve or separate valve are closed depending on the detected engine off conditions and the differential pressure changes are evaluated to determine the magnitude of leaks with the engine off, whereby the diagnostic results are stored. An Independent claim is also included for and arrangement for detecting leaks in motor vehicle fuel supply systems.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Leckagen im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem eines Kraftfahrzeugs nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for determining leaks in the fuel supply system of a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for performing this method.

In der DE 195 02 776 C1 ist ein Verfahren zur Prüfung von Tankentlüftungsanlagen im Hinblick auf Lecks beschrieben. Derzeit ist vom Gesetzgeber vorgeschrieben, daß Lecks mit einem Durchmesser von 1 mm selbsttätig erkannt werden und zukünftig noch feinere Leckagen (0,5 mm) diagnostizierbar sein müssen.DE 195 02 776 C1 describes a method for testing tank ventilation systems with regard to leaks. Legislation currently stipulates that leaks with a diameter of 1 mm are automatically recognized and that even finer leaks (0.5 mm) must be diagnosable in the future.

Eine bekannte Verfahrensweise zur Leckerkennung besteht darin, das Kraftstoffversorgungssystem unter Druck zu setzen (Über- oder Unterdruck) und dann zu beobachten, wie sich die Druckverhältnisse verändern. Bei Bestehen großer Undichtigkeiten ist eine schnelle Angleichung des Drucks im System an den atmosphärischen Druck feststellbar. Aus der Analyse der zeitlichen Veränderung des Differenzdruckes sind also Rückschlüsse auf die Leckgröße möglich. Problematisch dabei sind Einflüsse, die sich auf den Druck im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem auswirken. Dies können Kraftstoffausdampfungen, Bewegungen im Tank, Schwingungen der Tankwandungen, Kraftstoffentnahmevorgänge, Temperaturveränderungen etc. sein, so daß die Diagnoseergebnisse nur mit sehr hohem Aufwand die tatsächlichen Leckageverhältnisse widerspiegeln.A known method of leak detection is to pressurize the fuel supply system (positive or negative pressure) and then observe how the pressure conditions change. If there are large leaks, a quick adjustment of the pressure in the system to the atmospheric pressure can be determined. From the analysis of the change in the differential pressure over time, conclusions can be drawn about the leak size. Influences that affect the pressure in the fuel supply system are problematic. This can include fuel evaporation, movements in the tank, vibrations of the tank walls, fuel withdrawal processes, Temperature changes, etc., so that the diagnostic results only reflect the actual leakage conditions with great effort.

Mit Details zur Verbesserung der Qualität der Leckdiagnose befassen sich beispielsweise die DE 195 02 776 C1 und die DE 41 08 856 C2.DE 195 02 776 C1 and DE 41 08 856 C2, for example, deal with details for improving the quality of the leak diagnosis.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von Leckagen im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem von Kraftfahrzeugen zu schaffen, das mit vergleichsweise einfachen Mitteln präzise Diagnoseergebnisse liefert, die von möglichst wenigen Einflußfaktoren verfälscht sind.It is an object of the invention to provide a method and a device for determining leaks in the fuel supply system of motor vehicles which, with comparatively simple means, delivers precise diagnostic results which are falsified by as few influencing factors as possible.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird die Leckdiagnose beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren nach Abstellen des Motors des Fahrzeugs durchgeführt. Es treten dann keine Schwingungen mehr auf, die Flüssigkeit im Tank ist beruhigt und des weiteren findet keine Kraftstoffentnahme statt. Somit sind sehr wesentliche Fehlerquellen bei der Leckdiagnose ausgeschaltet, und eine Erkennung auch sehr feiner Lecks ist möglich. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil ist, daß eine gegenüber bekannten Verfahren deutlich längere Meßzeit nutzbar ist.To solve this problem, the leak diagnosis is carried out in the method according to the invention after the engine of the vehicle has been switched off. Then vibrations no longer occur, the liquid in the tank is calmed down and furthermore no fuel is drawn off. This means that very important sources of error in leak diagnosis are eliminated and even very fine leaks can be detected. Another significant advantage is that a significantly longer measurement time can be used compared to known methods.

Die Leckdiagnose wird möglich bei einer Verfahrensweise der im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Art. Details des Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen 2 und 3, und Merkmale einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sind im Patentanspruch 4 angegeben.The leak diagnosis is possible with a procedure of the type specified in claim 1. Details of the method result from claims 2 and 3, and features of a device for carrying out the method are specified in claim 4.

Wie bekannt, besteht das Kraftstoffversorgungssystem eines Kraftfahrzeuges aus zumindest einem Tank, einem Adsorptionsbehälter mit Aktivkohlefilter, einem Tankentlüftungsventil (Regenerierventil in einer Leitung zum Motor), einer Kraftstoffpumpe, sowie aus Kraftstoff-und Belüftungsleitungen. Im Normalfall ist auch bereits ein Ventil zum Absperren einer Verbindung zwischen Adsorptionsbehälter und Umgebung vorhanden. Ist dieses Ventil und das Tankentlüftungsventil geschlossen, kann das Kraftstoffversorgungssystem als hermetisch abgeschlossen betrachtet werden, vorausgesetzt, daß keine Lecks vorhanden sind.As is known, the fuel supply system of a motor vehicle consists of at least one tank, an adsorption container with an activated carbon filter, and one Tank ventilation valve (regeneration valve in a line to the engine), a fuel pump, and from fuel and ventilation lines. Normally there is already a valve to shut off a connection between the adsorption container and the environment. When this valve and the tank vent valve are closed, the fuel supply system can be considered hermetically sealed provided there are no leaks.

Das Verfahren der Leckdiagnose wird von einem Diagnosegerät (elektronisches Steuergerät, das auch noch weitere Funktionen ausführen kann) gesteuert, wobei dem Diagnosegerät Motorkennwerte, insbesondere die Motordrehzahl, zuzuführen sind. Es können zusätzlich auch Fahrzeugkennwerte (Fahrgeschwindigkeit) an das Diagnosegerät übermittelt werden. Diese Kennwerte werden vom Diagnosegerät ausgewertet mit dem Ziel der Erkennung von Motorabstellbedingungen sowie von Motorstillstandsbedingungen. Kurz vor Abstellen des Motors liegen typischerweise ganz bestimmte Kennwerte vor. Der Motor läuft beispielsweise mit Leerlaufdrehzahl, und die Fahrgeschwindigkeit ist gleich Null oder kleiner als ein vorgegebener Schwellwert. Bei Erkennen dieser Motorabstellbedingungen wird das Tankentlüftungsventil vom Diagnosegerät angesteuert und geöffnet. Es kann unter bestimmten Bedingungen auch sinnvoll sein, ein separates Absperrventil in der Entlüftungsleitung (Leitung in der sich das Tankentlüftungsventil befindet) vorzusehen und dieses bei Motorabstellbedingungen zu öffnen. Letztlich ist es auch möglich, dieses Absperrventil grundsätzlich getaktet anzusteuern. Des weiteren wird bei Erkennen der Motorabstellbedingungen das Ventil in der Leitung zwischen Adsorptionsbehälter und Umgebung geschlossen. Durch diese Maßnahmen wird sichergestellt, daß ein vom Ansaugtrakt des Motors stammender Unterdruck im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem entsteht. Wird der Motor anschließend abgestellt, wird das Tankentlüftungsventil geschlossen. Anderenfalls, wenn also der Fahrbetrieb wieder aufgenommen wird, wird das Tankentlüftungsventil wieder in üblicher Weise angesteuert und das Ventil zur Umgebung geöffnet. Die Motorabstellbedingung (beispielsweise Motordrehzahl gleich Null) wird ebenfalls vom Diagnosegerät erkannt. Somit ist gewährleistet, daß beim Abstellen des Motors ein Unterdruck im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem besteht.The method of leak diagnosis is controlled by a diagnostic device (electronic control device which can also perform other functions), engine parameters, in particular the engine speed, being supplied to the diagnostic device. Vehicle parameters (driving speed) can also be transmitted to the diagnostic device. These characteristic values are evaluated by the diagnostic device with the aim of recognizing engine shutdown conditions and engine standstill conditions. Shortly before the engine is switched off, there are typically very specific parameters. For example, the engine runs at idle speed and the driving speed is zero or less than a predetermined threshold. When these engine shutdown conditions are recognized, the tank ventilation valve is actuated and opened by the diagnostic device. Under certain conditions, it may also make sense to provide a separate shut-off valve in the ventilation line (line in which the tank ventilation valve is located) and to open it when the engine is switched off. Ultimately, it is also possible to control this shut-off valve in a clocked manner. Furthermore, when the engine shutdown conditions are recognized, the valve in the line between the adsorption container and the environment is closed. These measures ensure that a negative pressure originating from the intake manifold of the engine is created in the fuel supply system. If the engine is then switched off, the tank ventilation valve is closed. Otherwise, when driving operation is resumed, the tank ventilation valve is activated again in the usual way and the valve is opened to the environment. The engine shutdown condition (for example, engine speed equal to zero) is also recognized by the diagnostic device. This ensures that there is a negative pressure in the fuel supply system when the engine is switched off.

Der Unterdruck wird von einem an sich bekannten Differenzdrucksensor erfaßt und an das Diagnosegerät übermittelt. Er ergibt sich aus der Differenz des Druckes im Tank und dem atmosphärischen Druck. Bei Bestehen von Lecks im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem wird durch diese Luft in das unter Unterdruck stehende Kraftstoffversorgungssystem einströmen. Aus der Analyse des zeitlichen Differenzdruckverlaufes sind Rückschlüsse über die Größe des Lecks möglich. Dabei sind Einflußfaktoren, wie der Tankfüllstand und die Kraftstoffausgasung, wie bekannt zu berücksichtigen, aber andere wesentliche negative Einflüsse (Kraftstoffentnahme, Schwingungen ...) bestehen nicht, und es ist eine ausreichende Meßzeit vorhanden. Schnelle Formänderungen des Tanks nach dem Unterdruckaufbau können abgewartet werden, bevor die eigentliche Leckdiagnose stattfindet. Somit ist ein sehr genaues Diagnoseergebnis erreichbar. Von besonderem Vorteil ist auch, daß keine separate Pumpe für die Erzeugung des Diagnose-Startdifferenzdruckes erforderlich ist.The negative pressure is detected by a differential pressure sensor known per se and transmitted to the diagnostic device. It results from the difference between the pressure in the tank and the atmospheric pressure. If there are leaks in the fuel supply system, this air will flow into the negative pressure fuel supply system. From the analysis of the differential pressure curve over time, conclusions can be drawn about the size of the leak. Factors such as tank level and fuel outgassing must be taken into account, as is well known, but there are no other significant negative influences (fuel consumption, vibrations ...) and there is sufficient measuring time. Rapid changes in shape of the tank after the vacuum build-up can be waited for before the actual leak diagnosis takes place. A very precise diagnosis result can thus be achieved. It is also particularly advantageous that no separate pump is required to generate the diagnostic start differential pressure.

Das vom Diagnosegerät ermittelte Diagnoseergebnis wird in einem elektronischen Speicher abgelegt und ist von dort abfragbar. Wurden Lecks in einer mehr als zulässigen Größe diagnostiziert, werden Warnmeldungen an den Fahrzeugführer beim nächstfolgenden Betriebsbeginn des Motors ausgegeben. Dies sollte für ihn eine Aufforderung sein, eine Werkstatt aufzusuchen.The diagnostic result determined by the diagnostic device is stored in an electronic memory and can be queried from there. If leaks have been diagnosed in excess of the permissible size, warning messages are issued to the driver when the engine starts operating again the next time. This should be an invitation for him be to go to a workshop.

Nach Abspeichern des Diagnoseergebnisses kann das bis dahin geschlossenen Ventil zur Umgebung wieder geöffnet und die gesamte Diagnosevorrichtung inaktiv geschaltet werden.After the diagnosis result has been saved, the previously closed valve to the surroundings can be opened again and the entire diagnosis device can be switched inactive.

Die zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens notwendige Vorrichtung zeichnet sich nach Anspruch 4 insbesondere dadurch aus, daß ihre oben angesprochenen Komponenten auch bei Motorstillstand mit elektrischer Spannung versorgbar und ansteuerbar sind. Somit kann die Leckdiagnose nach Abstellen des Motors mit den genannten Vorteilen stattfinden. Eine detaillierte Beschreibung der Vorrichtung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erübrigt sich, da ihre Komponenten im wesentlichen denen des Standes der Technik entsprechen. Diese Komponenten sind jedoch nunmehr zur Erlangung von Diagnoseergebnissen bei Motorstillstand geeignet, wobei keine separate Pumpe zur Unterdruckerzeugung vonnöten ist.The device necessary for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in particular in accordance with claim 4 in that the components mentioned above can be supplied and controlled with electrical voltage even when the engine is at a standstill. Leakage diagnosis can therefore take place after the engine has been switched off, with the advantages mentioned. A detailed description of the device using an exemplary embodiment is unnecessary, since its components essentially correspond to those of the prior art. However, these components are now suitable for obtaining diagnostic results when the engine is at a standstill, and no separate pump is required to generate negative pressure.

Claims (4)

Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Leckagen im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem eines Kraftfahrzeuges, welches zumindest einen Kraftstofftank, einen Adsorptionsbehälter, ein Tankentlüftungsventil, eine Kraftstoffpumpe und Kraftstoff- sowie Be- und Entlüftungsleitungen umfaßt, bei dem der Verlauf eines Differenzdruckes, welcher sich aus der Differenz des Druckes im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem und des atmosphärischen Druckes ergibt, erfaßt wird und bei dem ausgehend von der Größe der Differenzdruckänderung auf die Größe von Leckagen geschlossen wird, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte: - Erkennen von Motorabstellbedingungen durch Auswertung von Motorbetriebskenngrößen, - Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils oder eines separat in der Entlüftungsleitung anzuordnenden Absperrventils und Schließen eines Ventils in einer Leitung zwischen Adsorptionsbehälter und Umgebung nach erkannten Motorabstellbedingungen, - Erkennen von Motorstillstandsbedingungen durch Auswertung von Motorbetriebskenngrößen, - Schließen des Tankentlüftungsventils bzw. des separat in der Entlüftungsleitung angeordneten Absperrventils nach erkannter Motorstillstandsbedingung, - Auswerten der Differenzdruckänderungen und davon ausgehend Rückschluß auf die Größe von Leckagen bei Motorstillstand, - Abspeichern des Diagnoseergebnisses. A method for determining leaks in the fuel supply system of a motor vehicle, which comprises at least a fuel tank, an adsorption container, a tank ventilation valve, a fuel pump and fuel and ventilation lines, in which the course of a differential pressure, which results from the difference in pressure in the fuel supply system and of the atmospheric pressure results, is recorded and in which, based on the size of the differential pressure change, the size of leaks is inferred, characterized by the following process steps: - recognition of engine shutdown conditions by evaluating engine operating parameters, Opening the tank ventilation valve or a shut-off valve to be arranged separately in the ventilation line and closing a valve in a line between the adsorption container and the surroundings after engine shutdown conditions have been detected, - recognition of engine standstill conditions by evaluating engine operating parameters, Closing the tank ventilation valve or the shut-off valve arranged separately in the ventilation line after the engine has been stopped, - Evaluation of the changes in differential pressure and, based on this, conclusions about the size of leaks when the engine is at a standstill, - Save the diagnostic result. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Abhängigkeit von dem abgespeicherten Diagnoseergebnis eine Warnmeldung beim nächstfolgenden Betriebsbeginn des Motors ausgegeben wird, wenn eine einen Grenzwert überschreitende Leckage erkannt wurde.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, depending on the stored diagnostic result, a warning message at the next start of operation of the motor is output if a leakage that exceeds a limit value has been detected. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ventil in der Leitung zwischen Adsorptionsbehälter und Umgebung nach Abspeichern des Diagnoseergebnisses geöffnet wird.Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the valve in the line between the adsorption container and the surroundings is opened after the diagnosis result has been stored. Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von Leckagen im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem eines Kraftfahrzeugs nach dem im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Verfahren, gekennzeichnet durch ein Diagnosegerät, ein Tankentlüftungsventil, ein Ventil in einer Leitung zwischen Adsorptionsbehälter und Umgebung, Mittel zur Ermittlung eines Differenzdruckes zwischen dem Druck im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem und dem atmosphärischen Druck sowie durch einen elektronischen Speicher, wobei diese Mittel auch bei Motorstillstand mit elektrischer Spannung versorgbar und ansteuerbar sind.Device for determining leaks in the fuel supply system of a motor vehicle according to the method specified in claim 1, characterized by a diagnostic device, a tank ventilation valve, a valve in a line between the adsorption container and the environment, means for determining a differential pressure between the pressure in the fuel supply system and the atmospheric pressure and by an electronic memory, these means being able to be supplied and controlled with electrical voltage even when the engine is at a standstill.
EP19990107539 1998-04-25 1999-04-15 Method for detecting leaks in fuel supply systems of a vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0952332B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1998118697 DE19818697A1 (en) 1998-04-25 1998-04-25 Method for determining leaks in the fuel supply system of a motor vehicle
DE19818697 1998-04-25

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EP0952332A2 true EP0952332A2 (en) 1999-10-27
EP0952332A3 EP0952332A3 (en) 2000-07-19
EP0952332B1 EP0952332B1 (en) 2006-07-19

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EP (1) EP0952332B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11336626A (en)
DE (2) DE19818697A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2270548T3 (en)

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WO2002012704A1 (en) * 2000-08-03 2002-02-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for energy-saving leak testing of a fuel tank unit, in particular on a motor vehicle
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WO2001063116A1 (en) * 2000-02-22 2001-08-30 Siemens Automotive Inc. Leak detection in a closed vapor handling system using a pressure switch and time counter
US6508235B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2003-01-21 Siemens Canada Limited Vacuum detection component
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US6626032B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2003-09-30 Siemens Automotive S.A. Diagnosis of components used for leak detection in a vapor handling system
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DE59913677D1 (en) 2006-08-31
JPH11336626A (en) 1999-12-07
EP0952332A3 (en) 2000-07-19
ES2270548T3 (en) 2007-04-01
DE19818697A1 (en) 1999-10-28
EP0952332B1 (en) 2006-07-19

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