EP0952332B1 - Method for detecting leaks in fuel supply systems of a vehicle - Google Patents

Method for detecting leaks in fuel supply systems of a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0952332B1
EP0952332B1 EP19990107539 EP99107539A EP0952332B1 EP 0952332 B1 EP0952332 B1 EP 0952332B1 EP 19990107539 EP19990107539 EP 19990107539 EP 99107539 A EP99107539 A EP 99107539A EP 0952332 B1 EP0952332 B1 EP 0952332B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
engine
valve
fuel
tank
fuel supply
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19990107539
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0952332A3 (en
EP0952332A2 (en
Inventor
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Hopf
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Adam Opel GmbH
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Adam Opel GmbH
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Publication of EP0952332A3 publication Critical patent/EP0952332A3/en
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Publication of EP0952332B1 publication Critical patent/EP0952332B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02M25/0809—Judging failure of purge control system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining leaks in the fuel supply system of a motor vehicle according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • One known leak detection technique is to pressurize the fuel supply system (positive or negative pressure) and then observe how the pressure ratios change. If large leaks exist, a rapid adjustment of the pressure in the system to the atmospheric pressure is detectable. From the analysis of the temporal change of the differential pressure so conclusions about the leak size are possible.
  • the problem here are influences that affect the pressure in the fuel supply system. This can be fuel spills, movements in the tank, vibrations of the tank walls, fuel extraction processes, Temperature changes, etc., so that the diagnostic results reflect the actual leakage conditions only with great effort.
  • DE 41 32 055 A1 describes a method for detecting relatively small leaks, wherein a negative pressure is also built up here.
  • EP 0 589 176 A2 discloses a method for leak testing which takes place after switching off an internal combustion engine when the tank ventilation valve is closed, whereby an influence of the internal combustion engine is ruled out. For generating negative pressure, a separate pump is provided, which requires a lot of effort.
  • the leak diagnosis is carried out in the inventive method after stopping the engine of the vehicle. There are then no more vibrations, the liquid in the tank is calm and further there is no fuel extraction. Thus, very significant sources of error in the leak diagnosis are turned off, and a detection of even very fine leaks is possible. Another significant advantage is that compared to known methods significantly longer measurement time is available.
  • the fuel supply system of a motor vehicle consists of at least one tank, an adsorption container with activated carbon filter, a Tank bleed valve (regeneration valve in a line to the engine), a fuel pump, as well as fuel and ventilation lines.
  • a valve for shutting off a connection between the adsorption container and the environment is already present. With this valve and the tank vent valve closed, the fuel delivery system can be considered hermetically sealed, provided there are no leaks.
  • the method of leak diagnosis is controlled by a diagnostic device (electronic control unit, which can also perform other functions), the engine diagnostic parameters, in particular the engine speed, are supplied.
  • vehicle characteristic values driving speed
  • These characteristics are evaluated by the diagnostic device with the aim of detecting engine shutdown conditions as well as engine stall conditions. Shortly before the engine is switched off, certain characteristic values are typically present. For example, the engine is idling and the vehicle speed is zero or less than a predetermined threshold. Upon detection of these engine shutdown conditions, the tank bleed valve is driven and opened by the diagnostic tool.
  • shut-off valve in the vent line (line in which the tank vent valve is located) and to open it at engine shut-off conditions.
  • this shut-off valve in principle clocked.
  • the valve in the line between the adsorbent vessel and the environment is closed.
  • the negative pressure is detected by a known differential pressure sensor and transmitted to the diagnostic device. It results from the difference between the pressure in the tank and the atmospheric pressure. If there are leaks in the fuel supply system, this air will flow into the negative pressure fuel supply system. From the analysis of the time differential pressure curve conclusions about the size of the leak are possible. Influence factors, such as the tank level and the fuel outgassing, as known to take into account, but other significant negative influences (fuel extraction, vibrations ...) do not exist, and there is a sufficient measurement time available. Rapid changes in the shape of the tank after the vacuum build-up can be waited before the actual leak diagnosis takes place. Thus, a very accurate diagnosis result is achievable. Of particular advantage is that no separate pump for the generation of the diagnostic start differential pressure is required.
  • the diagnostic result determined by the diagnostic device is stored in an electronic memory and can be queried from there. If leaks have been diagnosed to be more than acceptable, warnings will be issued to the vehicle operator the next time the engine is started. This should be a challenge for him be to visit a workshop.
  • the previously closed valve can be opened again to the environment and the entire diagnostic device can be switched inactive.
  • the device necessary for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that its above-mentioned components can be supplied and controlled with electrical voltage even when the motor is at a standstill.
  • the leak diagnosis can take place after stopping the engine with the advantages mentioned.
  • a detailed description of the device with reference to an embodiment is unnecessary, since their components substantially correspond to those of the prior art. However, these components are now suitable for obtaining diagnostic results at engine standstill, with no separate pump for vacuum generation is needed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Leckagen im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem eines Kraftfahrzeugs nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for determining leaks in the fuel supply system of a motor vehicle according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

In der DE 195 02 776 C1 ist ein Verfahren zur Prüfung von Tankentlüftungsanlagen im Hinblick auf Lecks beschrieben. Derzeit ist vom Gesetzgeber vorgeschrieben, daß Lecks mit einem Durchmesser von 1 mm selbsttätig erkannt werden und zukünftig noch feinere Leckagen (0,5 mm) diagnostizierbar sein müssen.DE 195 02 776 C1 describes a method for testing tank ventilation systems with regard to leaks. Legislation currently requires that leaks with a diameter of 1 mm be recognized automatically and that even finer leakages (0.5 mm) must be diagnosable in the future.

Eine bekannte Verfahrensweise zur Leckerkennung besteht darin, das Kraftstoffversorgungssystem unter Druck zu setzen (Über- oder Unterdruck) und dann zu beobachten, wie sich die Druckverhältnisse verändern. Bei Bestehen großer Undichtigkeiten ist eine schnelle Angleichung des Drucks im System an den atmosphärischen Druck feststellbar. Aus der Analyse der zeitlichen Veränderung des Differenzdruckes sind also Rückschlüsse auf die Leckgröße möglich. Problematisch dabei sind Einflüsse, die sich auf den Druck im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem auswirken. Dies können Kraftstoffausdampfungen, Bewegungen im Tank, Schwingungen der Tankwandungen, Kraftstoffentnahmevorgänge, Temperaturveränderungen etc. sein, so dass die Diagnoseergebnisse nur mit sehr hohem Aufwand die tatsächlichen Leckageverhältnisse widerspiegeln.
DE 41 32 055 A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Erkennung relativ kleiner Leckagen, wobei auch hier ein Unterdruck aufgebaut wird. Wesentlich für diese Erfindung ist, dass das Verfahren abgebrochen und die Anlage als nicht funktionsfähig eingestuft wird, wenn Werte von Betriebsgrößen, die erst während des Verfahrens messbar sind, anzeigen, dass das Verfahren keine zuverlässige Aussage liefern kann.
In EP 0 589 176 A2 ist ein Verfahren zur Dichtheitsprüfung offenbart, das nach dem Abstellen einer Brennkraftmaschine bei geschlossenem Tankentlüftungsventil stattfindet, womit ein Einfluss der Brennkraftmaschine ausgeschlossen ist. Zur Unterdruckerzeugung ist eine separate Pumpe vorgesehen, was hohen Aufwand erfordert.One known leak detection technique is to pressurize the fuel supply system (positive or negative pressure) and then observe how the pressure ratios change. If large leaks exist, a rapid adjustment of the pressure in the system to the atmospheric pressure is detectable. From the analysis of the temporal change of the differential pressure so conclusions about the leak size are possible. The problem here are influences that affect the pressure in the fuel supply system. This can be fuel spills, movements in the tank, vibrations of the tank walls, fuel extraction processes, Temperature changes, etc., so that the diagnostic results reflect the actual leakage conditions only with great effort.
DE 41 32 055 A1 describes a method for detecting relatively small leaks, wherein a negative pressure is also built up here. It is essential for this invention that the method is terminated and the system is classified as non-functional if values of operating variables that can only be measured during the method indicate that the method can not provide a reliable statement.
EP 0 589 176 A2 discloses a method for leak testing which takes place after switching off an internal combustion engine when the tank ventilation valve is closed, whereby an influence of the internal combustion engine is ruled out. For generating negative pressure, a separate pump is provided, which requires a lot of effort.

Mit Details zur Verbesserung der Qualität der Leckdiagnose befassen sich beispielsweise die DE 195 02 776 C1 und die DE 41 08 856 C2.With details for improving the quality of the leak diagnosis, for example, DE 195 02 776 C1 and DE 41 08 856 C2 are concerned.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Leckagen im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem von Kraftfahrzeugen zu schaffen, das mit vergleichsweise einfachen Mitteln präzise Diagnoseergebnisse liefert, die von möglichst wenigen Einflussfaktoren verfälscht sind.It is an object of the invention to provide a method for determining leaks in the fuel supply system of motor vehicles, that provides with comparatively simple means precise diagnostic results that are distorted by as few influencing factors as possible.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird die Leckdiagnose beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren nach Abstellen des Motors des Fahrzeugs durchgeführt. Es treten dann keine Schwingungen mehr auf, die Flüssigkeit im Tank ist beruhigt und des weiteren findet keine Kraftstoffentnahme statt. Somit sind sehr wesentliche Fehlerquellen bei der Leckdiagnose ausgeschaltet, und eine Erkennung auch sehr feiner Lecks ist möglich. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil ist, dass eine gegenüber bekannten Verfahren deutlich längere Messzeit nutzbar ist.To solve this problem, the leak diagnosis is carried out in the inventive method after stopping the engine of the vehicle. There are then no more vibrations, the liquid in the tank is calm and further there is no fuel extraction. Thus, very significant sources of error in the leak diagnosis are turned off, and a detection of even very fine leaks is possible. Another significant advantage is that compared to known methods significantly longer measurement time is available.

Die Leckdiagnose wird möglich bei einer Verfahrensweise der im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Art. Details des Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen 2 und 3.The leak diagnosis becomes possible with a procedure of the kind specified in claim 1. Details of the method will become apparent from the patent claims 2 and 3.

Wie bekannt, besteht das Kraftstoffversorgungssystem eines Kraftfahrzeuges aus zumindest einem Tank, einem Adsorptionsbehälter mit Aktivkohlefilter, einem Tankentlüftungsventil (Regenerierventil in einer Leitung zum Motor), einer Kraftstoffpumpe, sowie aus Kraftstoff- und Belüftungsleitungen. Im Normalfall ist auch bereits ein Ventil zum Absperren einer Verbindung zwischen Adsorptionsbehälter und Umgebung vorhanden. Ist dieses Ventil und das Tankentlüftungsventil geschlossen, kann das Kraftstoffversorgungssystem als hermetisch abgeschlossen betrachtet werden, vorausgesetzt, daß keine Lecks vorhanden sind.As is known, the fuel supply system of a motor vehicle consists of at least one tank, an adsorption container with activated carbon filter, a Tank bleed valve (regeneration valve in a line to the engine), a fuel pump, as well as fuel and ventilation lines. Normally, a valve for shutting off a connection between the adsorption container and the environment is already present. With this valve and the tank vent valve closed, the fuel delivery system can be considered hermetically sealed, provided there are no leaks.

Das Verfahren der Leckdiagnose wird von einem Diagnosegerät (elektronisches Steuergerät, das auch noch weitere Funktionen ausführen kann) gesteuert, wobei dem Diagnosegerät Motorkennwerte, insbesondere die Motordrehzahl, zuzuführen sind. Es können zusätzlich auch Fahrzeugkennwerte (Fahrgeschwindigkeit) an das Diagnosegerät übermittelt werden. Diese Kennwerte werden vom Diagnosegerät ausgewertet mit dem Ziel der Erkennung von Motorabstellbedingungen sowie von Motorstillstandsbedingungen. Kurz vor Abstellen des Motors liegen typischerweise ganz bestimmte Kennwerte vor. Der Motor läuft beispielsweise mit Leerlaufdrehzahl, und die Fahrgeschwindigkeit ist gleich Null oder kleiner als ein vorgegebener Schwellwert. Bei Erkennen dieser Motorabstellbedingungen wird das Tankentlüftungsventil vom Diagnosegerät angesteuert und geöffnet. Es kann unter bestimmten Bedingungen auch sinnvoll sein, ein separates Absperrventil in der Entlüftungsleitung (Leitung in der sich das Tankentlüftungsventil befindet) vorzusehen und dieses bei Motorabstellbedingungen zu öffnen. Letztlich ist es auch möglich, dieses Absperrventil grundsätzlich getaktet anzusteuern. Des weiteren wird bei Erkennen der Motorabstellbedingungen das Ventil in der Leitung zwischen Adsorptionsbehälter und Umgebung geschlossen. Durch diese Maßnahmen wird sichergestellt, daß ein vom Ansaugtrakt des Motors stammender Unterdruck im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem entsteht.
Wird der Motor anschließend abgestellt, wird das Tankentlüftungsventil geschlossen. Anderenfalls, wenn also der Fahrbetrieb wieder aufgenommen wird, wird das Tankentlüftungsventil wieder in üblicher Weise angesteuert und das Ventil zur Umgebung geöffnet. Die Motorabstellbedingung (beispielsweise Motordrehzahl gleich Null) wird ebenfalls vom Diagnosegerät erkannt. Somit ist gewährleistet, daß beim Abstellen des Motors ein Unterdruck im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem besteht.The method of leak diagnosis is controlled by a diagnostic device (electronic control unit, which can also perform other functions), the engine diagnostic parameters, in particular the engine speed, are supplied. In addition, vehicle characteristic values (driving speed) can also be transmitted to the diagnostic device. These characteristics are evaluated by the diagnostic device with the aim of detecting engine shutdown conditions as well as engine stall conditions. Shortly before the engine is switched off, certain characteristic values are typically present. For example, the engine is idling and the vehicle speed is zero or less than a predetermined threshold. Upon detection of these engine shutdown conditions, the tank bleed valve is driven and opened by the diagnostic tool. It may also be useful under certain conditions to provide a separate shut-off valve in the vent line (line in which the tank vent valve is located) and to open it at engine shut-off conditions. Ultimately, it is also possible to control this shut-off valve in principle clocked. Furthermore, upon detection of engine shutdown conditions, the valve in the line between the adsorbent vessel and the environment is closed. These measures ensure that a negative pressure originating from the intake tract of the engine arises in the fuel supply system.
If the engine is then turned off, the tank vent valve is closed. Otherwise, so when the driving is resumed, the tank vent valve is controlled in the usual way and the valve opens to the environment. The engine shutdown condition (eg, engine speed zero) is also detected by the diagnostic device. This ensures that there is a vacuum in the fuel supply system when the engine is switched off.

Der Unterdruck wird von einem an sich bekannten Differenzdrucksensor erfaßt und an das Diagnosegerät übermittelt. Er ergibt sich aus der Differenz des Druckes im Tank und dem atmosphärischen Druck. Bei Bestehen von Lecks im Kraftstoffversorgungssystem wird durch diese Luft in das unter Unterdruck stehende Kraftstoffversorgungssystem einströmen. Aus der Analyse des zeitlichen Differenzdruckverlaufes sind Rückschlüsse über die Größe des Lecks möglich. Dabei sind Einflußfaktoren, wie der Tankfüllstand und die Kraftstoffausgasung, wie bekannt zu berücksichtigen, aber andere wesentliche negative Einflüsse (Kraftstoffentnahme, Schwingungen ...) bestehen nicht, und es ist eine ausreichende Meßzeit vorhanden. Schnelle Formänderungen des Tanks nach dem Unterdruckaufbau können abgewartet werden, bevor die eigentliche Leckdiagnose stattfindet. Somit ist ein sehr genaues Diagnoseergebnis erreichbar. Von besonderem Vorteil ist auch, daß keine separate Pumpe für die Erzeugung des Diagnose-Startdifferenzdruckes erforderlich ist.The negative pressure is detected by a known differential pressure sensor and transmitted to the diagnostic device. It results from the difference between the pressure in the tank and the atmospheric pressure. If there are leaks in the fuel supply system, this air will flow into the negative pressure fuel supply system. From the analysis of the time differential pressure curve conclusions about the size of the leak are possible. Influence factors, such as the tank level and the fuel outgassing, as known to take into account, but other significant negative influences (fuel extraction, vibrations ...) do not exist, and there is a sufficient measurement time available. Rapid changes in the shape of the tank after the vacuum build-up can be waited before the actual leak diagnosis takes place. Thus, a very accurate diagnosis result is achievable. Of particular advantage is that no separate pump for the generation of the diagnostic start differential pressure is required.

Das vom Diagnosegerät ermittelte Diagnoseergebnis wird in einem elektronischen Speicher abgelegt und ist von dort abfragbar. Wurden Lecks in einer mehr als zulässigen Größe diagnostiziert, werden Warnmeldungen an den Fahrzeugführer beim nächstfolgenden Betriebsbeginn des Motors ausgegeben. Dies sollte für ihn eine Aufforderung sein, eine Werkstatt aufzusuchen.The diagnostic result determined by the diagnostic device is stored in an electronic memory and can be queried from there. If leaks have been diagnosed to be more than acceptable, warnings will be issued to the vehicle operator the next time the engine is started. This should be a challenge for him be to visit a workshop.

Nach Abspeichern des Diagnoseergebnisses kann das bis dahin geschlossenen Ventil zur Umgebung wieder geöffnet und die gesamte Diagnosevorrichtung inaktiv geschaltet werden.After the diagnosis result has been stored, the previously closed valve can be opened again to the environment and the entire diagnostic device can be switched inactive.

Die zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens notwendige Vorrichtung zeichnet sich insbesondere dadurch aus, daß ihre oben angesprochenen Komponenten auch bei Motorstillstand mit elektrischer Spannung versorgbar und ansteuerbar sind. Somit kann die Leckdiagnose nach Abstellen des Motors mit den genannten Vorteilen stattfinden. Eine detaillierte Beschreibung der Vorrichtung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erübrigt sich, da ihre Komponenten im wesentlichen denen des Standes der Technik entsprechen. Diese Komponenten sind jedoch nunmehr zur Erlangung von Diagnoseergebnissen bei Motorstillstand geeignet, wobei keine separate Pumpe zur Unterdruckerzeugung vonnöten ist.The device necessary for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that its above-mentioned components can be supplied and controlled with electrical voltage even when the motor is at a standstill. Thus, the leak diagnosis can take place after stopping the engine with the advantages mentioned. A detailed description of the device with reference to an embodiment is unnecessary, since their components substantially correspond to those of the prior art. However, these components are now suitable for obtaining diagnostic results at engine standstill, with no separate pump for vacuum generation is needed.

Claims (3)

  1. A method for the detection of leaks in the fuel supply system of a motor vehicle, which comprises at least a fuel tank, an adsorption container, a tank venting valve, a fuel pump and also fuel and breather and venting pipes, in which the course of a differential pressure that results from the difference between the pressure in the fuel supply system and the atmospheric pressure is detected and in which the magnitude of the leaks is deduced on the basis of the magnitude of the change in the differential pressure, characterized by the following method steps:
    - detecting engine turn-off conditions by evaluation of engine operating characteristics,
    - opening the tank venting valve or a separate stop valve that is to be arranged in the venting pipe and closing a valve in a line between the adsorption container and the environment after detected engine turn-off conditions,
    - detecting engine stop conditions by evaluation of engine operating characteristics,
    - closing the tank venting valve or the separate stop valve arranged in the breather pipe after a detected engine stop condition,
    - evaluating the changes of the differential pressure and drawing a conclusion therefrom as to the size of leakages when the engine is stopped,
    - storing the diagnostic result.
  2. A method in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that, in dependence on the stored diagnostic result, a warning is sent when the engine is next started if a leak exceeding a limiting value has been detected.
  3. A method in accordance with Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the valve in the line between the adsorption container and the environment is opened after storing the diagnostic result.
EP19990107539 1998-04-25 1999-04-15 Method for detecting leaks in fuel supply systems of a vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0952332B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1998118697 DE19818697A1 (en) 1998-04-25 1998-04-25 Method for determining leaks in the fuel supply system of a motor vehicle
DE19818697 1998-04-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0952332A2 EP0952332A2 (en) 1999-10-27
EP0952332A3 EP0952332A3 (en) 2000-07-19
EP0952332B1 true EP0952332B1 (en) 2006-07-19

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EP19990107539 Expired - Lifetime EP0952332B1 (en) 1998-04-25 1999-04-15 Method for detecting leaks in fuel supply systems of a vehicle

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EP (1) EP0952332B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11336626A (en)
DE (2) DE19818697A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2270548T3 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
EP0952332A3 (en) 2000-07-19
DE19818697A1 (en) 1999-10-28
ES2270548T3 (en) 2007-04-01
JPH11336626A (en) 1999-12-07
EP0952332A2 (en) 1999-10-27
DE59913677D1 (en) 2006-08-31

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