Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/06—Polyethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
  • C08L23/12—Polypropene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/26—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/08—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
  • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
  • C08L2666/04—Macromolecular compounds according to groups C08L7/00 - C08L49/00, or C08L55/00 - C08L57/00; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
  • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
  • C08L2666/24—Graft or block copolymers according to groups C08L51/00, C08L53/00 or C08L55/02; Derivatives thereof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S525/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
  • Y10S525/931—Blend of stated incompatibility

Definitions

• the present invention relates to blends of polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide) and a method of making the blends. More particularly, the invention relates to blends having up to about 85 weight percent of a modified polyethylene or modified polypropylene and a modified poly(ethylene oxide) and a method of making the modified polyolefin and modified poly(ethylene oxide) blend using a single step reactive extruder.
• Personal care products such as, diapers, sanitary napkins, adult incontinence garments, and the like are generally constructed from a number of different components and materials.
• Such articles typically have a portion, usually the backing layer, liner, or baffle constructed of a liquid repellent film material.
• This repellent material is appropriately constructed to minimize or prevent the exudation of the absorbed liquid from the article and to obtain greater utilization of the absorbent capacity of the product.
• the liquid repellent film commonly used includes plastic materials such as polyethylene films and the like.
• the packaging in which the disposable article is distributed is also made from a water resistant material. Water resistivity is necessary to prevent the degradation of the packaging from environmental conditions and to protect the disposable articles therein.
• this packaging may be safely stored with other refuse for commercial disposal, and especially in the case of individual packaging of the products, it is often more convenient to dispose of the packaging in the toilet with the discarded disposable article.
• plugging of the drains to the toilet typically results.
• hydrophilic materials to be treated with a hydrophobic material to impart the desired water resistant properties to the material.
• the second method has been to modify a water resistant polymer.
• One of the more useful ways of modifying polymers involves blending them with other polymers of different structures and properties.
• polymer blend combinations are thermodynamically miscible and exhibit physical and mechanical compatibility.
• Phase separated blends can in some cases exhibit physical and mechanical compatibility where the polymer compositions are similar, for example, polyolefin blended with other similar polyolefins, or where interfacial agents are added to improve the compatibility at the interface between the constituents of the polymer blend.
• Polymer blends of polyolefins and poly(ethylene oxide) are melt processible but exhibit very poor mechanical compatibility. This poor mechanical compatibility is manifested in the mechanical property profile of the blends relative to the properties of the unblended constituents.
• one aspect of the present invention provides for a modified polyolefin and modified poly(ethylene oxide) blend composition.
• the blend composition is composed of from about 1 weight percent to about 85 weight percent of a modified polyolefin and from about 99 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of a modified poly(ethylene oxide).
• the modified polyolefin and modified poly(ethylene oxide) have grafted thereto from about 1 weight percent to about 30 weight percent, based on the weight of the polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide), of a monomer.
• Another aspect of the invention provides for a method of making the modified polyolefin and modified poly(ethylene oxide) blend composition.
• the method provides a single pass, melt reactive extrusion modification of the polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide). This single step process affords significant advantages over a two step process where the polyolefin is first modified by grafting a monomer onto the polyolefin backbone which is then re-extruded with the poly(ethylene oxide).
• the method of preparing the blend of modified polyolefin and modified poly(ethylene oxide) using a single pass, melt reactive extruder comprises melting the polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide) in the extruder and adding to the polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide) blend a monomer and a sufficient amount of a free radical initiator to graft from about 1 weight percent to about 100 weight percent of the monomer onto the polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide).
• Another object of the invention is to provide a method of making a modified polyolefin and modified poly(ethylene oxide) blend composition using a single pass reactive extruder.
• reactive extrusion is the use of chemical reactions during polymer extrusion to form desired products. Free radical initiator, crosslinking agents, and other reactive additives can be injected into the extruder to cause such reactions.
• polyolefins and poly(ethylene oxide) can be modified with one or more monomers, such that materials made from blends having upwards of about 85 weight percent of a modified polyolefin and as little as 15 weight percent of a modified poly(ethylene oxide) are water responsive. More specifically, it has been found that blends of polyolefins and poly(ethylene oxide), when grafted with a monomer during reactive extrusion imparts water responsiveness to films and thermoplastic articles made therefrom.
• one aspect of the invention is for a composition of matter comprising a polymer blend having from about 1 weight percent to about 85 weight percent of a modified polyolefin and from about 99 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of a modified poly(ethylene oxide).
• the blend comprises from about 30 weight percent to about 85 weight percent of a modified polyolefin and from about 70 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of modified poly(ethylene oxide). More preferably, the blend comprises from about 55 weight percent to about 85 weight percent of a modified polyolefin and from about 45 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of modified poly(ethylene oxide).
• the amount of monomer added to the blend of polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide) is from about 1 weight percent to about 30 weight percent, preferably, from about 1 weight percent to about 20 weight percent and more preferably, from about 1 weight percent to about 10 weight percent wherein all such ranges are based on the total weight of the polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide).
• the saturated ethylene polymers useful in the practice of this invention are homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene and polypropylene and are essentially linear in structure.
• the term "saturated” refers to polymers which are fully saturated, but also includes polymers containing up to about 5% unsaturation.
• the homopolymers of ethylene include those prepared under either low pressure, i.e., linear low density or high density polyethylene, or high pressure, i.e., branched or low density polyethylene.
• the high density polyethylenes are generally characterized by a density that is about equal to or greater than 0.94 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc).
• the high density polyethylenes useful as the base resin in the present invention have a density ranging from about 0.94 g/cc to about 0.97 g/cc.
• the polyethylenes can have a melt index, as measured at 2.16 kg and 190°C., ranging from about 0.005 decigrams per minute (dg/min) to 100 dg/min.
• the polyethylene has a melt index of 0.01 dg/min to about 50 dg/min and more desirably of 0.05 dg/min to about 25 dg/min.
• mixtures of polyethylene can be used as the base resin in producing the graft copolymer compositions, and such mixtures can have a melt index greater than 0.005 dg/min to less than about 100 dg/min.
• the low density polyethylene has a density of less than 0.94 g/cc and are usually in the range of 0.91 g/cc to about 0.93 g/cc.
• the low density polyethylene polymer has a melt index ranging from about 0.05 dg/min to about 100 dg/min and desirably from 0.05 dg/min to about 20 dg/min.
• Ultra low density polyethylene can be used in accordance with the present invention. Generally, ultra low density polyethylene has a density of less than 0.90g/cc.
• polypropylene has a semi-crystalline structure having a molecular weight of about 40,000 or more, a density of about 0.90 g/cc, a melting point of 168 to 171°C for isotactic polypropylene and a tensile strength of 5000 psi.
• Polypropylene can also have other tacticities including syndiotactic and atactic.
• the above polyolefins can also be manufactured by using the well known multiple-site Ziegler-Natta catalysts or the more recent single-site metallocene catalysts.
• the metallocene catalyzed polyolefins have better controlled polymer microstructures than polyolefins manufactured using Ziegler-Natta catalysts, including narrower molecular weight distribution, well controlled chemical composition distribution, comonomer sequence length distribution, and stereoregularity.
• Metallocene catalysts are known to polymerize propylene into atactic, isotactic, syndiotactic, isotactic-atactic steroblock copolymer.
• Copolymers of ethylene which can be useful in the present invention may include copolymers of ethylene with one or more additional polymerizable, unsaturated monomers.
• copolymers include, but are not limited to, copolymers of ethylene and alpha olefins (such as propylene, butene, hexene or octene) including linear low density polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl esters of linear or branched carboxylic acids having 1-24 carbon atoms such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and copolymers of ethylene and acrylic or methacrylic esters of linear, branched or cyclic alkanols having 1-28 carbon atoms. Examples of these latter copolymers include ethylene-alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymers, such as ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers.
• the free radical initiators useful in the practice of this invention include acyl peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide; dialkyl; diaryl; or aralkyl peroxides such as di-t-butyl peroxide; dicumyl peroxide; cumyl butyl peroxide; 1,1-di-t-butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy) hexane; 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (t-butylperoxy) hexyne-3 and bis(a-t-butyl peroxyisopropylbenzene); peroxyesters such as t-butyl peroxypivalate; t-butyl peroctoate; t-butyl perbenzoate; 2,5-dimethylhexyl-2,5-di(perbenzoate); t-butyl di(perphthalate);
• Poly(ethylene oxide) polymers suitable for the present invention can have a molecular weight ranging from 100,000 to 8,000,000.
• Poly(ethylene oxide) is available from Union Carbide Corporation under the trade name of POLYOX®.
• poly(ethylene oxide) is a dry free flowing white powder having a crystalline melting point in the order of about 65°C, above which poly(ethylene oxide) resin becomes thermoplastic and can be formed by molding, extrusion and other methods known in the art.
• the method of making the polymer blends includes melt blending the desired weight ratios of a mixture of the polyolefin, poly(ethylene oxide), the monomer and a free radical initiator in an extruder and at a reaction temperature where the polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide) are converted to a molten state. Accordingly, the polyolefin, poly(ethylene oxide), monomer and free radical initiator can be simultaneously added to the extruder before the polymer constituents, i.e., the polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide) have been melted.
• the preferred monomers used in the present invention are 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and polyethylene glycol ethyl ether (meth)acrylate, both are available from Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
• the melt extruder used for melt blending can introduce various constituents into the blend at different locations along the screw length.
• the free radical initiator, crosslinking agents, or other reactive additives can be injected into the blend before or after one or more of the polymer constituents is melted or thoroughly mixed. More preferably, the polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide) are added at the beginning of the extruder. After melting, the monomer is added to melted polymers and further down the extruder barrel, the free radical initiator is fed to the melt blend.
• the scope of the invention would include simultaneously adding the monomer and free radical initiator into the molten blend of polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide). It is important to the method of the invention that the polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide) be melt blended contemporaneously with or before the addition of the monomer and free radical initiator Although not to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the monomer, in the presence of the free radical initiator, grafts onto both the polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide) thereby allowing articles made from the blend of modified polyolefin and modified poly(ethylene oxide) to have a greater water responsiveness. As used herein the term "water responsiveness” refers to a loss of tensile strength or strain-to-break of a wet film relative to the dry film tensile strength or strain-to-break.
• the amount of free radical initiator added to the extruder should be an amount sufficient to graft from about 1 percent to 100 percent of the monomer onto the polyolefin and poly(ethylene oxide). This can range from about 0.1 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of initiator. Preferably, the amount of initiator added to the extruder ranges from about 0.1 weight percent to about 5 weight percent wherein all such ranges are based on the amount of monomer added to the melt blend.
• a film or other thermoplastic article made from the modified polyolefin and modified poly(ethylene oxide) blend described above is water responsive.
• Comparative Example A is a physical blend of the polymer resins.
• the blends of Comparative Examples B-D were prepared by a two-step process. In the first step the polyethylene was modified by grafting a monomer thereto. The method of making the modified polyethylene is described in greater detail in the copending U.S. patent application having U.S. Serial Number 08/733,410 filed on October 18, 1996.
• the modified polyolefin is blended with the poly(ethylene oxide). Select properties of these materials are in Table 1 below. Examples 1-4, 5-8 and 9-10 were made in accordance with the present invention. Select properties of these materials are in Tables 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
• a 60/40 weight percent resin blend of low density polyethylene having a melt index of 2.3 decigrams per minute (dg/min) and a density of 0.917 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc) (Dow 5031; available from Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich.) and poly(ethylene oxide) having a molecular weight of 200,000 g/mol. (POLYOX® WSRN-80 available from Union Carbide Corp.) were fed to a Haake counter-rotating twin screw extruder at a rate of 5 pounds per hour (lb/hr) 2.268 kg/hr. The extruder had a length of 300 millimeters.
• Each conical screw had 30 millimeters diameter at the feed port and a diameter of 20 millimeters at the die.
• the extruder had four heating zones set at 170, 180, 180 and 190 degrees Centigrade (C).
• the screw speed of the extruder was 150 rpm.
• the low density polyethylene Dow 5031
• PEG-MA polyethylene glycol methacrylate
• the PEG-MA grafted polyethylene was prepared using the Haake counter-rotating twin screw extruder described above.
• the feed to the extruder comprised contemporaneously adding, at the extruder feed throat, 5 lb/hr of polyethylene and the specified amounts of PEG-MA and free radical initiator ((2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy) hexane, supplied by Atochem, 2000 Market St. Philadelphia, PA under the tradename of LUPERSOL 101).
• the PEG-MA feed rate was 0.125 lb/hr (0.057 kg/hr) and the initiator rate was 0.0125 lb/hr (0.00057 kg/hr).
• the PEG-MA feed rate was 0.25 lb/hr (0.113 kg/hr) and the initiator rate was 0.025 lb/hr (0.011 kg/hr).
• the PEG-MA feed rate was 0.5 lb/hr (0.227 kg/hr) and the initiator rate was 0.025 lb/hr (0.011 kg/hr).
• a 60/40 blend was prepared following the method of Comparative Example A above, except the modified polyethylene of each example was substituted for the unmodified polyethylene.
• the resulting products had the characteristics indicated in Table 1.
• Film processing of the blends was performed using the Haake extruder as described above with the following modifications.
• the extruder included a 4 inch slit die at a temperature of 195 degrees C.
• the screw speed was at 30 rpm.
• a chilled wind-up roll was used to collect the film.
• the chilled roll was operated at a speed sufficient to form a film having a thickness of about 4 mils (0.004 of an inch) 0.1 mm and was maintained at a temperature of about 15-20 degrees C.
• Dry tensile tests were performed on a Sintech 1/D tensile tester available from MTS Systems Corp., Machesny Park, IL.
• the film was cut into a type V dogbone shape in accordance with ASTM D638.
• the test was performed with a grip separation of 30 millimeters and a crosshead speed of 4 millimeters/second.
• Example#- #A #B #C #D dry wet dry wet dry wet dry wet dry wet Thickness (mil) 1 mil 2.54 x 10 -5 m 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 %Strain 390 390 330 110 320 70 170 30 Peak Stress - (MPa) 15.3 12.8 13.8 7.0 11.4 4.9 12.2 3.1 Energy-break (x10 6 J/m 3 ) 42.2 41.5 32.7 6.7 27.6 2.4 16.5 0.5 Modulus (MPa) 181 96.5 117.8 74.4 103.7 56.3 119.4 39.4 % Loss from Dry to Wet %Strain 0% 65% 79% 82% Peak Stress 16% 49% 57% 75% Energy to Break 2% 80% 91% 97% Modulus 47% 37% 46% 33%
• the 60/40 weight percent resin blend of low density polyethylene (Dow 5031) and poly(ethylene oxide) (WSRN-80) was fed to the Haake counter rotating twin screw extruder at a rate of 5 lb/hr. Contemporaneously with the polymer feed to the extruder, specified amounts of the monomer, PEG-MA, and free radical initiator (LUPERSOL 101) were added at the feed throat.
• the extruder had four heating zones set at 170, 180, 180 and 190 degrees C.
• the screw speed of the extruder was 150 rpm.
• Example 1 the PEG-MA feed rate was 0.125 lb/hr and the initiator rate was 0.0125 lb/hr.
• Example 2 the PEG-MA feed rate was 0.25 lb/hr and the initiator rate was 0.025 lb/hr.
• Example 3 the PEG-MA feed rate was 0.5 lb/hr and the initiator rate was 0.025 lb/hr.
• Example 4 the PEG-MA feed rate was 0.75 lb/hr and the initiator rate was 0.0375 lb/hr.
• the amount of monomer grafted to polyethylene was 0.65 weight percent, 1.03 weight percent, 0.51 weight percent and 1.13 weight percent, respectively.
• the weight percent of monomer grafted to the polyethylene was determined by FT-IR and elemental oxygen content as described in copending U.S. patent application 08/733,410 filed October 18, 1996 the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
• the amount of monomer grafted to the poly(ethylene oxide) was determined to be 14.9 weight percent by proton NMR spectroscopy.
• the 60/40 weight percent resin blend of low density polyethylene (Dow 5031) and poly(ethylene oxide) (WSRN-80) was fed to the Haake counter-rotating twin screw extruder at a rate of 5 lb/hr. Contemporaneously with the polymer feed to the extruder, specified amounts of a monomer, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and free radical initiator (LUPERSOL 101) were added at the feed throat.
• the extruder had four heating zones set at 170, 180, 180 and 190 degrees C.
• the screw speed of the extruder was 150 rpm.
• Example 5 the 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate feed rate was 0.125 lb/hr and the Initiator rate was 0.0125 lb/hr.
• Example 6 the 2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate feed rate was 0.25 lb/hr and the initiator rate was 0.025 lb/hr.
• Example 7 the 2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate feed rate was 0.5 Ib/hr and the initiator rate was 0.025 lb/hr.
• Example 8 the 2- hydroxyethyt methacrylate feed rate was 0.75 Ib/hr and the initiator rate was 0.0375 Ib/hr.
• a 30170 weight percent resin blend of low density polyethylene (Dow 5031) and poly(ethylene oxide) (WSRN-80) was fed to the Haake counter-rotating twin screw extruder at a rate of 5 lb/hr. Contemporaneously with the polymer feed to the extruder. specified amounts of a monomer, polyethylene glycol ethyl ether (meth)acrylate, and free radical initiator (LUPERSOL 101) were added at the feed throat.
• the extruder had four heating zones set at 170, 180, 180 and 190 degrees C.
• the screw speed of the extruder was 150 rpm.
• Example 9 the polyethylene glycol ethyl ether (meth)acrylate feed rate was 0.25 Ib/hr and the initiator rate was 0.05 Ib/hr.
• a 80/20 weight percent resin blend of low density polyethylene (Dow 5031) and poly(ethylene oxide) (WSRN-80) was fed to the Haake counter-rotating twin screw extruder at a rate of 5 lb/hr. Contemporaneously with the polymer feed to the extruder, specified amounts of a monomer, polyethylene glycol ethyl ether (meth)acrylate, and free radical initiator (LUPERSOL 101) were added at the feed throat.
• the extruder had four heating zones set at 170, 180, 180 and 190 degrees Centigrade (C).
• the screw speed of the extruder was 150 rpm.
• Example 10 the polyethylene glycol ethyl ether (meth)acrylate feed rate was 0.25 lb/hr (5 weight percent addition) and the initiator rate was 0.05 lb/hr.

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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
• Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

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• 1996
  • 1996-12-31 US US08/777,226 patent/US5700872A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1997
  • 1997-05-16 US US08/857,411 patent/US5807930A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-12-19 CA CA002275702A patent/CA2275702A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-12-19 DE DE69720523T patent/DE69720523T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-12-19 EP EP97953574A patent/EP0951509B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-12-19 JP JP53034398A patent/JP2001507745A/ja not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-12-19 WO PCT/US1997/024246 patent/WO1998029509A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-12-19 BR BR9713641-7A patent/BR9713641A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-12-19 KR KR10-1999-7005915A patent/KR100523502B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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  • 1997-12-19 AU AU57293/98A patent/AU729432B2/en not_active Ceased
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