EP0950855A2 - Method and device for the incineration of particulate solids - Google Patents

Method and device for the incineration of particulate solids Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0950855A2
EP0950855A2 EP99103353A EP99103353A EP0950855A2 EP 0950855 A2 EP0950855 A2 EP 0950855A2 EP 99103353 A EP99103353 A EP 99103353A EP 99103353 A EP99103353 A EP 99103353A EP 0950855 A2 EP0950855 A2 EP 0950855A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
combustion chamber
fresh air
cyclone furnace
cyclone
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EP99103353A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0950855A3 (en
Inventor
Erwin Dipl.-Ing. Brunnmair
Gerhard Dipl.-Ing. Moosmann
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Andritz AG
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Andritz Patentverwaltungs GmbH
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Publication of EP0950855A2 publication Critical patent/EP0950855A2/en
Publication of EP0950855A3 publication Critical patent/EP0950855A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/20—Waste feed arrangements using airblast or pneumatic feeding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/12—Sludge, slurries or mixtures of liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for combustion of particulate solids, especially biological ones Waste materials with a low calorific value.
  • Such a method is known for example from WO 92/14969.
  • This process uses finely ground, dried sludge together with primary air in a bricked combustion chamber for combustion blown in.
  • the cyclone combustion chamber in which mainly takes place in solid combustion, becomes solid set amount of damp, reduced oxygen content, air to prevent of the sintered ash.
  • the amount of air for the primary air just like that of the secondary air, is fixed for a certain furnace size set.
  • the heating output is regulated by adding more or less fuel with the fixed primary air volume.
  • the aim of the invention is the combustion of organic fuels, especially sewage sludge, at low temperatures, preferably at 850 ° C, and thus fuels with a low ash melting point without Burn ash sintering and also better separation to reach the ashes to protect the following components.
  • the invention is therefore characterized in that the waste materials ge together with fresh air in a substoichiometric ratio into the combustion chamber be blown in.
  • the fresh air flow can therefore easily match the Combustion capacity can be adjusted.
  • cooling air or additional fresh air creates another Oxygen supply and thus further combustion under air or Excess oxygen. This ensures that a complete The fuel burns out and also prevents CO formation becomes.
  • a favorable further development of the invention is characterized in that that cooling air is introduced into the combustion chamber above the fresh air supply becomes. This ensures good dust separation without harmful ones Secondary flow reached.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that that a moist, oxygen-reduced air is used as cooling air is, the air from the drying circuit upstream Sludge drying system can be removed. Thereby the combustion temperature can already be found in the upper part of the combustion chamber keep it low.
  • An advantageous development of the invention is characterized in that that additional cooling air is fed into the core of the cyclone. Thereby can favorably overheat and melt ash inside the Combustion chamber can be avoided.
  • a favorable further development of the invention is characterized in that that the cooling air quantities are different in size or adjustable. This makes it easy to regulate the temperature in the combustion chamber.
  • a favorable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that that additional fresh air is supplied through a dip tube. So that can the ash separation can be significantly improved.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that that the fresh air supply is regulated depending on the burner output.
  • the cooling air supply can be dependent on the Burner output can be regulated. This way you can always get an optimal one Combustion and low temperature reach and then on Avoid sintering the ashes.
  • the invention further relates to a device for the combustion of particulate solids, especially biological waste with low calorific value, with a cyclone furnace. It is according to the invention characterized in that the cyclone furnace a guide tube for targeted Fresh air supply, also in the transition (cyclone neck) between the secondary combustion chamber and the primary combustion chamber of the cyclone furnace a dip tube can be provided. This makes it special good adaptation of the fresh air volume to the combustion performance possible.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that that the guide tube is arranged centrally in the cyclone furnace, the guide tube Air outlet openings in the area of the primary combustion chamber of the cyclone furnace can have. This allows the fresh air to be directed to the required positions are introduced.
  • a favorable further development of the invention is characterized in that that the dip tube has a double jacket, through the additional Fresh air is introduced into the primary combustion chamber. With that, besides the fresh air supply also ensures appropriate cooling become.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cyclone furnace according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows another 3 shows a detail from FIG. 2
  • FIG. 4 shows a variant of the invention analog section
  • Fig. 5 shows a section through Fig. 1 along line V-V
  • FIG. 6 shows an overall system for drying and burning Represents mud.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cyclone furnace 1 with an adjustable and tangentially arranged nozzle 2, through the ground fuel, in the
  • the main thing is biological waste, together with fresh air as combustion air in a substoichiometric ratio in the primary part 3 of the Combustion chamber 4 is blown.
  • the mixture is burned in the oven a burner 5 to support materials with low calorific value or is arranged in the start-up phase.
  • the ashes are over one Discharge 6 discharged from the cyclone furnace 1.
  • the fed through the nozzle 2 Fresh air flow can affect the combustion output to the desired extent or the amount of fuel to be adjusted.
  • the cooling air is tangential as secondary air for combustion via an inlet 6 ' blown into the combustion chamber 3 above the primary air supply 2.
  • the finely ground fuel from the primary air supply 2 contains, via the cyclone neck 8 into the secondary combustion chamber 9 is carried out.
  • the flue gases then exit through an outlet 10 the cyclone furnace 1 and are subsequently used for the Heat e.g. a heat exchanger for heating the dryer air an upstream dryer circuit.
  • Air from the dryer circuit is fed to the incinerator.
  • Air from the dryer circuit is fed to the incinerator.
  • a central guide tube 12 can be used through which through targeted arrangement of holes 13 cooling air into the interior of the Combustion chamber 3 can be passed, with an overheating inside of the combustion chamber 3 can be avoided.
  • the guide tube 12 extends with its lower end into the ash discharge 6.
  • Fig. 2 shows an analog design, the guide tube 12 is omitted.
  • a 1 represents the dip tube 43, which in the combustion chamber 3 is sufficient.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of the area of the cyclone neck 8 with dip tube 43 according to the embodiment of Fig. 2.
  • feed pipes here 44 for additional fresh air to see that in a double jacket 45 of Dip tube 43 opens.
  • the fresh air supplied is here as cooling air used and then led to the core of the cyclone. From there it flows with the remaining air from the combustion chamber 3 into the Secondary combustion chamber 9.
  • Fig. 4 shows an analog section like Fig. 3. In addition, here is still to see the guide tube 12. 4 thus shows the combination of the guide tube 12 and dip tube 43.
  • Fig. 5 shows a section along line V-V in Fig. 1, with particular emphasis here the arrangement of the tangential nozzles 2, 11 and the secondary air supply 6 are recognizable.
  • the arrangement of the guide tube 12 can also be seen and the burner 5.
  • the last fresh air supply for post-combustion can be replaced via an exchangeable, internally cooled dip tube 43 (see FIG. 3, 4) take place, whereby the ash separation compared to the known Systems is significantly improved.
  • FIG. 6 shows the system diagram of an overall system for sludge treatment / Sludge disposal.
  • the facility consists of one Drying part 14 with sludge dryer 21 and air circulation, and a combustion part 15 with a cyclone furnace 1.
  • Pre-dewatered sludge is fed to a silo 17 via a line 16 and is already dried with a collected in silo 18 Sludge mixed in mixer 19. This mixture is made over a Line 20, into which hot drying air is also blown, into one Dryer 21 introduced.
  • a (three-pass) drum dryer is a (three-pass) drum dryer. However, it can also be a fluidized bed or fluid bed dryer or another directly heated dryer can be used.
  • the one with dried Sludge granules loaded with moist exhaust air is a filter 22 fed to separate the solid particles.
  • a circulating air fan 23 the moist exhaust air is fed to a condenser 24, which is designed here as a spray condenser.
  • the dried and cooled Air is passed through a recirculation line 25, the majority via line 26 and a heat exchanger 27 in which they are heated again is introduced into line 20, whereupon the air circuit again begins.
  • the remaining part of the circulating air is via line 28 as secondary air as described above at various points in the cyclone furnace blown in.
  • the exhaust gas that is discharged from the cyclone furnace 1 exits is fed via line 29 to the heat exchanger 27, in which it its energy content to the circulating air for heating the drying air delivers.
  • the flue gas then goes through a cleaning system, represented here by a dust filter 30 and a cooler 31, which here is again designed as a spray cooler, and is via line 32 to the Atmosphere.
  • the solid granules from the filter 22 are first fed to a cooler 33, from where it is fed to a sieve 34. Part of the granules is fed back into the silo 18 via line 35 and serves as backmixing material, sufficient dryness for the material supply to ensure the dryer 21.
  • the regulation of the material supply and mixing takes place in a known manner.
  • a partial flow of the material from screen 34 is fed to a silo 36 and then finely ground in a crusher 37.
  • This material is called Fuel from line 38 together with the combustion air Line 39 injected into the cyclone furnace 1.
  • the cyclone furnace 1 was already described above.
  • the resulting ash is cooled in a cooler 40 and discharged from the system and deposited via conveyors 41, 42 or recycled.
  • the invention is not restricted to the examples shown. It can e.g. B. other types of dryers or condensers etc. ver be applied.
  • the entire drying section can be done differently if it is a recirculation system in which the solid preferably crushed at the end and fed to the cyclone furnace becomes.
  • the exhaust gas heat exchanger can also be arranged elsewhere become.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

In a process to incinerate particulate biological matter esp. dried sewage sludge of low calorific value, the dried sludge is introduced into the incineration chamber with air in a ratio which is less than stoichiometric. The flow of fresh air is adapted to the incineration capacity. Incineration is first initiated and then continued at 850 degrees C under conditions of oxygen deficiency. The ratio of oxygen supplied is subsequently increased, resulting in combustion under conditions of oxygen surplus. An Independent claim is included for a cyclone furnace (1) with an incoming pipe (12) delivering air for carrying out the above process.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von partikelförmigen Feststoffen, insbesondere von biologischen Abfallstoffen mit geringem Heizwert.The invention relates to a method and a device for combustion of particulate solids, especially biological ones Waste materials with a low calorific value.

Ein derartiges Verfahren ist beispielsweise aus der WO 92/14969 bekannt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird fein gemahlener, getrockneter Schlamm gemeinsam mit Primärluft in eine ausgemauerte Brennkammer zur Verbrennung eingeblasen. Im unteren Bereich der Zyklonbrennkammer, in dem hauptsächlich die Feststoffverbrennung stattfindet, wird eine fest eingestellte Menge feuchte, im Sauerstoffgehalt reduzierte, Luft zur Verhinderung der Aschesinterung eingeblasen. Mit dieser Luft wird der Bereich des Ascheaustrags gekühlt. Die Luftmenge für die Primärluft, ebenso wie jene der Sekundärluft, wird für eine bestimmte Ofengröße fix eingestellt. Die Regelung der Heizleistung erfolgt über die Zugabe von mehr oder weniger Brennstoff mit der fix eingestellten Primärluftmenge. Dieses Verfahren hat den Nachteil, daß die Regelbarkeit schwierig ist, daß nur geringe Leistungsveränderungen möglich sind und daß schwankende Brennstoffmengen bzw. Heizwerte zu Störungen führen.Such a method is known for example from WO 92/14969. This process uses finely ground, dried sludge together with primary air in a bricked combustion chamber for combustion blown in. In the lower area of the cyclone combustion chamber, in which mainly takes place in solid combustion, becomes solid set amount of damp, reduced oxygen content, air to prevent of the sintered ash. With this air the Cooled ash discharge area. The amount of air for the primary air, just like that of the secondary air, is fixed for a certain furnace size set. The heating output is regulated by adding more or less fuel with the fixed primary air volume. This method has the disadvantage that the controllability is difficult that only slight changes in performance are possible and that fluctuating amounts of fuel or calorific values lead to faults.

Ziel der Erfindung ist es, die Verbrennung von organischen Brennstoffen, insbesondere Klärschlamm, bei niedrigen Temperaturen, vorzugsweise bei 850 °C, und somit Brennstoffe mit niedrigem Ascheschmelzpunkt ohne Aschesinterung zu verbrennen und zusätzlich eine bessere Abscheidung der Asche zum Schutz der nachfolgenden Bauteile zu erreichen.The aim of the invention is the combustion of organic fuels, especially sewage sludge, at low temperatures, preferably at 850 ° C, and thus fuels with a low ash melting point without Burn ash sintering and also better separation to reach the ashes to protect the following components.

Die Erfindung ist daher dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abfallstoffe ge meinsam mit Frischluft in unterstöchiometrischem Verhältnis in die Brennkammer eingeblasen werden. Der Frischluftstrom kann damit gut an die Verbrennungsleistung angepaßt werden. Damit erfolgt vorerst eine Verbrennung unter Luft- bzw. Sauerstoffmangel. Durch die nachfolgende Zugabe von Kühlluft bzw. weiterer Frischluft kommt es zu einer weiteren Sauerstoffzufuhr und damit zu einer weiteren Verbrennung unter Luft- bzw. Sauerstoffüberschuß. Damit ist gewährleistet, daß ein vollständiger Ausbrand des Brennstoffes eintritt und außerdem die CO-Bildung verhindert wird.The invention is therefore characterized in that the waste materials ge together with fresh air in a substoichiometric ratio into the combustion chamber be blown in. The fresh air flow can therefore easily match the Combustion capacity can be adjusted. For the time being there is a combustion with lack of air or oxygen. By the subsequent addition cooling air or additional fresh air creates another Oxygen supply and thus further combustion under air or Excess oxygen. This ensures that a complete The fuel burns out and also prevents CO formation becomes.

Eine günstige Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Kühlluft oberhalb der Frischluftzufuhr in die Brennkammer eingebracht wird. Damit wird eine gute Staubabscheidung ohne schädliche Sekundärströmung erreicht.A favorable further development of the invention is characterized in that that cooling air is introduced into the combustion chamber above the fresh air supply becomes. This ensures good dust separation without harmful ones Secondary flow reached.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Kühlluft eine feuchte, im Sauerstoffgehalt reduzierte Luft verwendet wird, wobei die Luft aus dem Trocknungskreislauf einer vorgeschalteten Schlammtrocknungsanlage entnommen werden kann. Dadurch läßt sich die Verbrennungstemperatur bereits im oberen Teil der Brennkammer niedrig halten.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that that a moist, oxygen-reduced air is used as cooling air is, the air from the drying circuit upstream Sludge drying system can be removed. Thereby the combustion temperature can already be found in the upper part of the combustion chamber keep it low.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzliche Kühlluft im Kern des Zyklons zugeführt wird. Dadurch kann günstig eine Überhitzung und Ascheschmelzung im Inneren des Verbrennungsraumes vermieden werden.An advantageous development of the invention is characterized in that that additional cooling air is fed into the core of the cyclone. Thereby can favorably overheat and melt ash inside the Combustion chamber can be avoided.

Eine günstige Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlluftmengen unterschiedlich groß bzw. einstellbar sind. Dadurch läßt sich die Temperatur im Brennraum gut regeln. A favorable further development of the invention is characterized in that that the cooling air quantities are different in size or adjustable. This makes it easy to regulate the temperature in the combustion chamber.

Eine günstige Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzliche Frischluft durch ein Tauchrohr zugeführt wird. Damit kann die Ascheabscheidung wesentlich verbessert werden.A favorable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that that additional fresh air is supplied through a dip tube. So that can the ash separation can be significantly improved.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Frischluftzufuhr in Abhängigkeit der Brennerleistung geregelt wird. Alternativ oder auch zusätzlich kann die Kühlluftzufuhr in Abhängigkeit der Brennerleistung geregelt werden. Dadurch kann man immer eine optimale Verbrennung und niedrige Temperatur erreichen und in weiterer Folge ein Sintern der Asche vermeiden.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that that the fresh air supply is regulated depending on the burner output. Alternatively or additionally, the cooling air supply can be dependent on the Burner output can be regulated. This way you can always get an optimal one Combustion and low temperature reach and then on Avoid sintering the ashes.

Weiters betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von partikelförmigen Feststoffen, insbesondere von biologischen Abfallstoffen mit geringem Heizwert, mit einem Zyklonofen. Sie ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zyklonofen ein Leitrohr zur gezielten Zufuhr von Frischluft aufweist, wobei auch im Übergang (Zyklonhals) zwischen Sekundärbrennkammer und Primärbrennkammer des Zyklonofens ein Tauchrohr vorgesehen sein kann. Dadurch ist eine besonders gute Anpassung der Frischluftmenge an die Verbrennungsleistung möglich.The invention further relates to a device for the combustion of particulate solids, especially biological waste with low calorific value, with a cyclone furnace. It is according to the invention characterized in that the cyclone furnace a guide tube for targeted Fresh air supply, also in the transition (cyclone neck) between the secondary combustion chamber and the primary combustion chamber of the cyclone furnace a dip tube can be provided. This makes it special good adaptation of the fresh air volume to the combustion performance possible.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leitrohr zentral im Zyklonofen angeordnet ist, wobei das Leitrohr im Bereich der Primärbrennkammer des Zyklonofens Luftaustrittsöffnungen aufweisen kann. Dadurch kann gezielt die Frischluft an die benötigten Stellen eingebracht werden.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that that the guide tube is arranged centrally in the cyclone furnace, the guide tube Air outlet openings in the area of the primary combustion chamber of the cyclone furnace can have. This allows the fresh air to be directed to the required positions are introduced.

Eine günstige Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Tauchrohr einen Doppelmantel aufweist, durch den zusätzliche Frischluft in die Primärbrennkammer eingebracht wird. Damit kann neben der Frischlufteinbringung auch für eine entsprechende Kühlung gesorgt werden. A favorable further development of the invention is characterized in that that the dip tube has a double jacket, through the additional Fresh air is introduced into the primary combustion chamber. With that, besides the fresh air supply also ensures appropriate cooling become.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnungen beispielhaft beschrieben, wobei Fig. 1 einen Zyklonofen gemäß der Erfindung, Fig. 2 eine weitere Variante der Erfindung, Fig. 3 einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 2, Fig. 4 einen analogen Ausschnitt, Fig. 5 einen Schnitt durch Fig. 1 gemäß Linie V-V und Fig. 6 eine Gesamtanlage zur Trocknung und Verbrennung von Schlamm darstellt.The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawings, 1 shows a cyclone furnace according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows another 3 shows a detail from FIG. 2, FIG. 4 shows a variant of the invention analog section, Fig. 5 shows a section through Fig. 1 along line V-V and FIG. 6 shows an overall system for drying and burning Represents mud.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Zyklonofen 1 mit einer verstellbar ausgeführten und tangential angeordneten Düse 2, durch die gemahlener Brennstoff, in der Hauptsache biologische Abfälle, gemeinsam mit Frischluft als Verbrennungsluft in unterstöchiometrischem Verhältnis in den Primärteil 3 der Brennkammer 4 eingeblasen wird. Das Gemisch wird im Ofen verbrannt, wobei ein Brenner 5 zur Unterstützung bei Materialien mit geringem Heizwert oder in der Anfahrphase angeordnet ist. Die Asche wird über einen Austrag 6 aus dem Zyklonofen 1 ausgetragen. Der durch die Düse 2 zugeführte Frischluftstrom kann dabei in gewünschtem Umfang an die Verbrennungsleistung bzw. Brennstoffmenge angepaßt werden. Die Kühlluft wird als Sekundärluft zur Verbrennung über einen Einlaß 6' tangential oberhalb der Primärluftzufuhr 2 in den Brennraum 3 eingeblasen. Damit wird zum einen ein weiterer Anteil des für die Verbrennung notwendigen Sauerstoffes in die Brennkammer 3 gebracht und zusätzlich verhindert, daß eine für eine gute Staubabscheidung schädliche Sekundärströmung 7, die fein gemahlenen Brennstoff aus der Primärluftzufuhr 2 enthält, über den Zyklonhals 8 in die Sekundärbrennkammer 9 ausgetragen wird. Die Rauchgase treten dann über einen Auslaß 10 aus dem Zyklonofen 1 aus und werden in weiterer Folge zur Nutzung der Wärme z.B. einem Wärmetauscher zur Aufheizung der Trocknerumluft eines vorgeschalteten Trocknerkreislaufes zugeführt. Fig. 1 shows a cyclone furnace 1 with an adjustable and tangentially arranged nozzle 2, through the ground fuel, in the The main thing is biological waste, together with fresh air as combustion air in a substoichiometric ratio in the primary part 3 of the Combustion chamber 4 is blown. The mixture is burned in the oven a burner 5 to support materials with low calorific value or is arranged in the start-up phase. The ashes are over one Discharge 6 discharged from the cyclone furnace 1. The fed through the nozzle 2 Fresh air flow can affect the combustion output to the desired extent or the amount of fuel to be adjusted. The cooling air is tangential as secondary air for combustion via an inlet 6 ' blown into the combustion chamber 3 above the primary air supply 2. In order to on the one hand, another part of what is necessary for combustion Oxygen brought into the combustion chamber 3 and additionally prevented that a secondary flow harmful for good dust separation 7, the finely ground fuel from the primary air supply 2 contains, via the cyclone neck 8 into the secondary combustion chamber 9 is carried out. The flue gases then exit through an outlet 10 the cyclone furnace 1 and are subsequently used for the Heat e.g. a heat exchanger for heating the dryer air an upstream dryer circuit.

Durch Verwendung einer vorzugsweise von der Verbrennungsleistung abhängigen, feuchten, im Sauerstoffgehalt reduzierten Luftmenge als Sekundärluft läßt sich gleichzeitig die Verbrennungstemperatur bereits im oberen Teil der Primärbrennkammer 3 niedrig halten und erlaubt somit die Verbrennung von organischen Brennstoffen mit niedrigem Ascheschmelzpunkt ohne Gefahr zur Aschesinterung. Diese Sekundärluft wird vorteilhafterweise aus dem Trocknerkreislauf der gesamten Schlammbehandlungsanlage entnommen.By using one of the combustion performance preferably dependent, humid air quantity reduced in oxygen content as Secondary air can already be the combustion temperature in the keep the upper part of the primary combustion chamber 3 low and thus allow the Burning organic fuels with a low ash melting point without risk of ash sintering. This secondary air is advantageously from the dryer circuit of the entire sludge treatment plant taken.

Im unteren Teil der Primärbrennkammer 3 wird über weitere tangential angeordnete Düsen 11 ebenfalls feuchte, im Sauerstoffgehalt reduzierte Luft aus dem Trocknerkreislauf der Verbrennungsanlage zugeführt. Durch Anpassung der Luftmenge läßt sich hier gezielt die Temperatur niedrig halten um ein Sintern der Asche zu vermeiden.In the lower part of the primary combustion chamber 3 is tangential over others arranged nozzles 11 also moist, reduced in oxygen content Air from the dryer circuit is fed to the incinerator. By Adjustment of the air volume allows the temperature to be low hold to avoid sintering of the ashes.

Zusätzlich kann ein zentrales Leitrohr 12 verwendet werden, durch das durch gezielte Anordnung von Bohrungen 13 Kühlluft in das Innere des Brennraumes 3 geleitet werden kann, womit eine Überhitzung im Inneren des Verbrennungsraumes 3 vermieden werden kann. Das Leitrohr 12 reicht mit seinem unteren Ende bis in den Ascheaustrag 6 hinein. Durch diese Kühlluftzufuhr wird ein sehr gleichmäßiges, niedriges Temperaturprofil über den gesamten Verbrennungsraum 3 erreicht, was außer zur Verhinderung von Aschesinterung noch zur Senkung des Stickoxidgehaltes in den bei 10 austretenden Rauchgasen beiträgt.In addition, a central guide tube 12 can be used through which through targeted arrangement of holes 13 cooling air into the interior of the Combustion chamber 3 can be passed, with an overheating inside of the combustion chamber 3 can be avoided. The guide tube 12 extends with its lower end into the ash discharge 6. By this supply of cooling air becomes a very uniform, low temperature profile achieved over the entire combustion chamber 3, which except for Prevention of ash sintering to reduce the nitrogen oxide content in the smoke gases that escape at 10.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine analoge Ausführung, wobei das Leitrohr 12 entfällt. Eine weitere Änderung gegenüber Fig. 1 stellt das Tauchrohr 43 dar, das in den Verbrennungsraum 3 reicht.Fig. 2 shows an analog design, the guide tube 12 is omitted. A 1 represents the dip tube 43, which in the combustion chamber 3 is sufficient.

Fig. 3 zeigt beispielhaft den Bereich des Zyklonhalses 8 mit Tauchrohr 43 gemäß der Ausgestaltung von Fig. 2. Es sind hier weiters die Zuführrohre 44 für zusätzliche Frischluft zu sehen, das in einen Doppelmantel 45 des Tauchrohres 43 mündet. Die zugeführte Frischluft wird hier als Kühlluft verwendet und anschließend zum Kern des Zyklons hingeleitet. Von dort strömt sie mit der übrigen Luft aus dem Verbrennungsraum 3 in die Sekundärbrennkammer 9.3 shows an example of the area of the cyclone neck 8 with dip tube 43 according to the embodiment of Fig. 2. There are also the feed pipes here 44 for additional fresh air to see that in a double jacket 45 of Dip tube 43 opens. The fresh air supplied is here as cooling air used and then led to the core of the cyclone. From there it flows with the remaining air from the combustion chamber 3 into the Secondary combustion chamber 9.

Fig. 4 zeigt einen analogen Ausschnitt wie Fig. 3. Zusätzlich ist hier noch das Leitrohr 12 zu sehen. Fig. 4 zeigt somit die Kombination von Leitrohr 12 und Tauchrohr 43.Fig. 4 shows an analog section like Fig. 3. In addition, here is still to see the guide tube 12. 4 thus shows the combination of the guide tube 12 and dip tube 43.

Fig. 5 zeigt einen Schnitt gemäß Linie V-V in Fig. 1, wobei hier besonders die Anordnung der tangentialen Düsen 2, 11 und der Sekundärluftzufuhr 6 erkennbar sind. Ebenfalls sieht man die Anordnung des Leitrohres 12 sowie des Brenners 5. Die letzte Frischluftzufuhr zur Nachverbrennung kann über ein austauschbares, innen gekühltes Tauchohr 43 (siehe Fig. 3, 4 )erfolgen, wodurch die Ascheabscheidung gegenüber den bekannten Systemen wesentlich verbessert wird.Fig. 5 shows a section along line V-V in Fig. 1, with particular emphasis here the arrangement of the tangential nozzles 2, 11 and the secondary air supply 6 are recognizable. The arrangement of the guide tube 12 can also be seen and the burner 5. The last fresh air supply for post-combustion can be replaced via an exchangeable, internally cooled dip tube 43 (see FIG. 3, 4) take place, whereby the ash separation compared to the known Systems is significantly improved.

Fig. 6 zeigt das Anlagenschema einer Gesamtanlage zur Schlammbehandlung / Schlammentsorgung. Die Anlage besteht aus einem Trocknungsteil 14 mit Schlammtrockner 21 und Umluftkreislauf, sowie einem Verbrennungsteil 15 mit Zyklonofen 1.6 shows the system diagram of an overall system for sludge treatment / Sludge disposal. The facility consists of one Drying part 14 with sludge dryer 21 and air circulation, and a combustion part 15 with a cyclone furnace 1.

Vorentwässerter Schlamm wird über eine Leitung 16 einem Silo 17 zugeführt und wird mit einem in Silo 18 gesammelten, bereits getrockneten Schlamm im Mischer 19 vermischt. Diese Mischung wird über eine Leitung 20, in die auch heiße Trocknungsluft eingeblasen wird, in einen Trockner 21 eingebracht. Hier ist ein (Dreizug-) Trommeltrockner dargestellt. Es kann jedoch auch ein Wirbelschicht- oder Fließbett-Trockner oder ein anderer direkt beheizter Trockner eingesetzt werden. Die mit getrocknetem Schlammgranulat beladene feuchte Abluft wird einem Filter 22 zur Abtrennung der Feststoffteilchen zugeführt. Mittels eines Umluftventilators 23 wird die feuchte Abluft einem Kondensator 24 zugeleitet, der hier als Sprühkondensator ausgeführt ist. Die getrocknete und abgekühlte Luft wird über eine Umluftleitung 25 geführt, wobei der Großteil über Leitung 26 und einen Wärmetauscher 27, in dem sie wieder aufgeheizt wird, in Leitung 20 eingebracht wird, worauf der Luftkreislauf erneut beginnt. Der übrige Teil der Umluft wird über Leitung 28 als Sekundärluft wie oben bereits beschrieben an verschiedenen Stellen des Zyklonofens eingeblasen. Das Abgas, das über den Auslaß 10 aus dem Zyklonofen 1 austritt wird über Leitung 29 dem Wärmetauscher 27 zugeführt, in dem es seinen Energieinhalt an die Umluft zur Erwärmung der Trocknungsluft abgibt. Anschließend durchläuft das Rauchgas eine Reinigungsanlage, hier dargestellt durch ein Staubfilter 30 und einen Kühler 31, der hier wiederum als Sprühkühler ausgeführt ist, und wird über Leitung 32 an die Atmosphäre abgegeben.Pre-dewatered sludge is fed to a silo 17 via a line 16 and is already dried with a collected in silo 18 Sludge mixed in mixer 19. This mixture is made over a Line 20, into which hot drying air is also blown, into one Dryer 21 introduced. Here is a (three-pass) drum dryer. However, it can also be a fluidized bed or fluid bed dryer or another directly heated dryer can be used. The one with dried Sludge granules loaded with moist exhaust air is a filter 22 fed to separate the solid particles. Using a circulating air fan 23 the moist exhaust air is fed to a condenser 24, which is designed here as a spray condenser. The dried and cooled Air is passed through a recirculation line 25, the majority via line 26 and a heat exchanger 27 in which they are heated again is introduced into line 20, whereupon the air circuit again begins. The remaining part of the circulating air is via line 28 as secondary air as described above at various points in the cyclone furnace blown in. The exhaust gas that is discharged from the cyclone furnace 1 exits is fed via line 29 to the heat exchanger 27, in which it its energy content to the circulating air for heating the drying air delivers. The flue gas then goes through a cleaning system, represented here by a dust filter 30 and a cooler 31, which here is again designed as a spray cooler, and is via line 32 to the Atmosphere.

Das Feststoffgranulat aus dem Filter 22 wird erst einem Kühler 33 zugeleitet, von wo es zu einem Sieb 34 geführt wird. Ein Teil des Granulates wird über Leitung 35 zurück in den Silo 18 geführt und dient als Rückmischmaterial, um einen ausreichenden Trockengehalt für die Materialzufuhr zum Trockner 21 zu gewährleisten. Die Regelung der Materialzufuhr und Mischung erfolgt auf bekannte Art.The solid granules from the filter 22 are first fed to a cooler 33, from where it is fed to a sieve 34. Part of the granules is fed back into the silo 18 via line 35 and serves as backmixing material, sufficient dryness for the material supply to ensure the dryer 21. The regulation of the material supply and mixing takes place in a known manner.

Ein Teilstrom des Materials von Sieb 34 wird einem Silo 36 zugeführt und anschließend in einem Brecher 37 fein gemahlen. Dieses Material wird als Brennstoff über Leitung 38 gemeinsam mit der Verbrennungsluft aus Leitung 39 in den Zyklonofen 1 eingedüst. Der Zyklonofen 1 wurde bereits oben beschrieben. Die anfallende Asche wird in einem Kühler 40 gekühlt und über Förderer 41, 42 aus dem System ausgetragen und deponiert oder verwertet.A partial flow of the material from screen 34 is fed to a silo 36 and then finely ground in a crusher 37. This material is called Fuel from line 38 together with the combustion air Line 39 injected into the cyclone furnace 1. The cyclone furnace 1 was already described above. The resulting ash is cooled in a cooler 40 and discharged from the system and deposited via conveyors 41, 42 or recycled.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Beispiele beschränkt. Es können z. B. andere Typen von Trocknern oder Kondensatoren etc. ver wendet werden. Der gesamte Trocknungsteil kann anders ausgeführt werden, sofern es sich um ein Umluftsystem handelt, bei dem der Feststoff am Ende vorzugsweise zerkleinert und dem Zyklonofen zugeführt wird. Auch kann der Abgaswärmetauscher an anderer Stelle angeordnet werden.The invention is not restricted to the examples shown. It can e.g. B. other types of dryers or condensers etc. ver be applied. The entire drying section can be done differently if it is a recirculation system in which the solid preferably crushed at the end and fed to the cyclone furnace becomes. The exhaust gas heat exchanger can also be arranged elsewhere become.

Claims (14)

Verfahren zur Verbrennung von partikelförmigen Feststoffen, insbesondere von biologischen Abfallstoffen mit geringem Heizwert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abfallstoffe gemeinsam mit Frischluft in unterstöchiometrischem Verhältnis in die Brennkammer eingeblasen werden.Process for the combustion of particulate solids, in particular of biological waste materials with a low calorific value characterized in that the waste materials together with fresh air in substoichiometric Ratio are blown into the combustion chamber. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Kühlluft oberhalb der Frischluftzufuhr in die Brennkammer eingebracht wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that cooling air is introduced into the combustion chamber above the fresh air supply. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Kühlluft eine feuchte, im Sauerstoffgehalt reduzierte Luft verwendet wird.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that as cooling air moist, oxygen-reduced air is used. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Luft aus dem Trocknungskreislauf einer vorgeschalteten Schlammtrocknungsanlage entnommen wird.A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the air from the drying cycle of an upstream sludge drying system is removed. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzliche Kühlluft im Kern des Zyklons zugeführt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that additional cooling air is fed into the core of the cyclone. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlluftmengen unterschiedlich groß sind.Method according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that that the amounts of cooling air are different. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzliche Frischluft durch ein Tauchrohr zugeführt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that additional fresh air is supplied through a dip tube. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Frischluftzufuhr in Abhängigkeit der Brennerleistung geregelt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that the fresh air supply is regulated depending on the burner output becomes. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlluftzufuhr in Abhängigkeit der Brennerleistung geregelt wird. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the cooling air supply is regulated depending on the burner output becomes. Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von partikelförmigen Feststoffen, insbesondere von biologischen Abfallstoffen mit geringem Heizwert, mit einem Zyklonofen, insbesondere zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zyklonofen (1) ein Leitrohr (12) zur gezielten Zufuhr von Frischluft aufweist.Device for the combustion of particulate solids, especially biological waste with low calorific value, with a cyclone furnace, in particular to carry out the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the Cyclone furnace (1) a guide tube (12) for the targeted supply of fresh air having. Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von partikelförmigen Feststoffen, insbesondere von biologischen Abfallstoffen mit geringem Heizwert, mit einem Zyklonofen, insbesondere zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Übergang (Zyklonhals (8)) zwischen Sekundärbrennkammer (9) und Primärbrennkammer (3) des Zyklonofens (1) ein Tauchrohr (43) vorgesehen ist.Device for the combustion of particulate solids, especially biological waste with low calorific value, with a cyclone furnace, in particular to carry out the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in Transition (cyclone neck (8)) between the secondary combustion chamber (9) and Primary combustion chamber (3) of the cyclone furnace (1) an immersion tube (43) is provided. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leitrohr (12) zentral im Zyklonofen (1) angeordnet ist.Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the guide tube (12) is arranged centrally in the cyclone furnace (1). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leitrohr (12) im Bereich der Primärbrennkammer (3) des Zyklonofens (1) Luftaustrittsöffnungen (13) aufweist.Device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized characterized in that the guide tube (12) in the area of Primary combustion chamber (3) of the cyclone furnace (1) air outlet openings (13). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Tauchrohr (43) einen Doppelmantel (45) aufweist, durch den zusätzliche Frischluft in die Primärbrennkammer (3) eingebracht wird.Device according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized characterized in that the immersion tube (43) has a double jacket (45) has, through the additional fresh air into the primary combustion chamber (3) is introduced.
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