Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
  • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
  • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K16/00—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
  • H01M10/465—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus with solar battery as charging system
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
  • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
  • H02J50/30—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using light, e.g. lasers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
  • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K16/00—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
  • B60K2016/003—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind solar power driven
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
  • H01M6/5044—Cells or batteries structurally combined with cell condition indicating means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
  • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
  • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
  • Y02T10/90—Energy harvesting concepts as power supply for auxiliaries' energy consumption, e.g. photovoltaic sun-roof

Definitions

• the present invention relates to power supplies and, particularly, to a small, lightweight, portable, rechargeable and modular integrated power source of the solar cell variety. Description of the Prior Art
• U.S. Patent No. 3,005,862 wherein a solar battery can have its elements shaped or curved to desired configurations.
• the solar panel itself can form a wall of a satellite.
• the preferred material of which the panelling is made is aluminum, although other materials such as stainless steel, beryllium, magnesium, or titanium, or even plastic may be reduced to its essential elements.
• Patent No. '862 merely demonstrates another way for mounting a solar battery.
• Patent No. 5,180,645 carries the principles of Patent No. '862 one step further by recognizing the importance of providing an integrated battery into or part of an equipment housing.
• Patent No. '645 is primarily directed, however, to a battery formed of first and second current collectors separated by a solid state electrolyte.
• Fig. 2 of Patent '645 shows such a battery embedded in a radio housing with the traditional role of the housing as a separate element intact.
• an environmentally friendly polymer battery can potentially incorporate solar cells, SRAMS, DRAMS and IC's to provide power source and nonvolatile memory data collection and storage.
• solar cells backed with a thin film polymer battery at the component level can supply a self-contained, lightweight, and fully integrated power source.
• polymer batteries can be incorporated into devices as the mechanical backing and structures for multi-layer printed circuit board technology. In its most general sense, the nature of polymer battery technology is such that a chassis or housing can be molded into a desired shape using the battery material itself and still incorporate a power source for the intended application.
• an object of the invention is to assemble a polymer battery as the structural casing of an electronic unit so that interconnecting wires between the battery, a charging unit, and a regulating circuit are eliminated.
• Another object of the invention is a power source consisting of solar cells, RF charging unit or microwave energy charging means which are integrated structurally with a polymer battery.
• Yet another object of the invention is the integration of a polymer battery as the principal structural element in the formation of a solar-powered electronic unit.
• a further object of the invention is an implementation for integrated power management electronics offering voltage regulation, under/over voltage control, under/over current control and polymer battery charging control utilizing polymer and other semiconductor circuitry.
• Still another object of the invention is an integrated power source stacked on top of the integrated power management circuit layer which incorporate additional applications circuitry such as SRAM (static random access memory), DRAM's (dynamic random access memory) for data storage purposes.
• Yet another object of the invention is to laminate an integrated applications electronics layer onto the integrated power source thereby implementing miniaturization beyond the volumetric reduction gained by housing an applications board within an integrated power source enclosure.
• Another object is a power source which combines on a layered p or n- doped polymer substrate resistive, capacitive components, semiconductors laminate layer on to another layer consisting of the solid polymer battery, all integrated onto a base material to provide a structural shell for an electronics unit.
• FIG. 1 shows one form of the integrated power source embodying the invention.
• Fig. 2 shows the integrated power source of Fig. 1 but depicting the individual laminations and their structural relationship to each other.
• Fig. 3(a)-3(d) shows the integrated power source of the invention as applied to a conventional cordless telephone system.
• Fig. 4 shows an application of the integrated power source of the invention to a vehicle such as a passenger automobile.
• Fig. 5 shows an application of the integrated power source of the invention to a lap top computer.
• Figs. 6, 7 and 8 show, respectively, applications of the integrated power source of the invention to an emergency sun shield message communication wireless panel, a residential or commercial structure such as a building or the like, and highway signs.
• Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along the lines IX-IX of
• Fig. 10 is a block diagram of a circuit which carries out the operation of the integrated power source of the invention.
• Fig. 11 is a cross section of multiple laminations showing an alternate embodiment of the integrated power source of the invention.
• the same reference characters refer to the same elements throughout the several views.
• an integrated power source is indicated generally by the reference numeral 10 and includes as one of its components an essentially flat, planar and malleable polymer battery 12 which offers structural support for a plurality of electronic components of eclectic choice.
• Battery 12 may be any one of a number of solid state polymer batteries which have existed in the art for several years.
• One type of polymer battery believed to be appropriate for use in connection with the device illustrated in Fig. 1 is described and claimed in U.S. Patent application Serial No. entitled "A Completely Polymeric Charge Storage Device and Method for Producing Same", filed , and assigned to the assignee of the instant application.
• battery 12 will comprise in a preferred form an ionically conducting gel polymer electrolyte layer separating opposing surfaces of electronically conducting conjugated polymeric anode and cathode elements supported on a lightweight porous substrate.
• the electrical function of battery 12 is represented by the conventional symbol 14.
• Battery 12 thus will be understood to comprise the main power source which will power the stack and the applications load.
• a solar energy system 15 which comprises an array of conventional solar cells two of which 18 and 20 are shown connected by diodes 22 and 24, respectively, to a battery charge regulator 26, an optional battery life indicator 28, an RF charging circuit 30 connected between coil 31 and diode 33, and an internal applications load shown as consisting of a resistor 32.
• the representative solar cells 18 and 20 can be in rigid form or flexible form depending on the application requirement.
• solar energy system 15 converts solar energy to electrical energy and typically would be expected to deliver electrical current to a battery, such as the battery 14.
• the actual physical characteristics of integrated power source 10 may best be appreciated by reference to Fig. 2.
• the polymer battery 12, the solar cells 18 and 20, and the polymer semiconductor circuitry 17 comprising the regulator 26, the indicator 28, charging circuit 30, and applications load resistor 32 have previously been discussed in connection with the device shown in Fig. 1.
• Capping the device in direct abutting relationship with one side of the solar cells is a protective cover 34 transparent to solar radiation and having the primary function of protecting the solar cells from physical damage.
• Cover 34 may advantageously incorporate if desired an infrared filter in an effort to reduce to a minimum heat buildup in the integrated power source caused by infrared heating.
• Supporting the integrated power source 10 and in direct abutting relationship with one side of the polymer semiconductor circuitry 17 is a base structure material 36.
• the base material adds an optional foundation for supporting integrated power source 10 and it has, if desired, such optional uses as electrical isolation, electrical grounding, and antenna for the stack when required.
• Base material 36 equally can be a separate layer or be integrated with the layers above it.
• the capacitance, resistors, diodes and other electronic components are placed on the polymer substrate, or made part of the substrate to implement the charging circuit of battery 12.
• the electronics components layer may be implemented by other technologies such as by adopting chip-on ⁇ board techniques. That is, interconnections can be expected to be traces on the substrate between the solar cells, charging circuits and battery 12 for electrical power flow between them.
• the integrated power source 10 has the ability to be adapted to multiple configurations thus being able to take the shape of any desired application housing. It thus has the flexibility to be molded across structural members like spacecraft tubing, spacecraft (such as side to bottom) panels, solar panels, spacecraft linkages, and propellant tanks.
• the integrated power source 10 is shown applied to a hand-held transceiver, generally designated 38, of a conventional cordless telephone system.
• the transceiver incorporates protective cover 34, solar cells 18 and 20 layered under the cover, and polymer battery 12 not only shaped or molded to conform to the design of transceiver 38 but completely enveloping the transceiver except, as shown in front and back views 3(b) and 3(c), for necessary perforations which accommodate an antenna 40, viewing screen 42, and conventional push buttons 44.
• the mottled areas 12 as they appear in Figs. 3(a) and 3(b) represent the polymer battery 12 as a flexible polymer material that is either n or p-doped functioning either as cathode or anode material with the solar cells converting photons into charge carriers in the doped polymer material which will give rise to an electrical current.
• the casing of transceiver 38 in the example given, thus will be composed of the entire integrated power source itself, thereby dispensing with any underlying structural frame and disposing entirely of battery compartment or enclosure routinely encountered in contemporary and conventional remote communication systems.
• an alternative source of power to solar radiation is provided by an RF charging cradle 46 which is connected by means of a conventional power cord 48 to a 110-120v outlet (not shown) .
• the integrated power source 10 of Fig. 1 is laminated onto the structure of an automobile 50 for providing continuous power renewal during times when the vehicle is under exposure to solar radiation.
• a sun shield panel 60 is shown mounted on the rear window 62 of a vehicle 64.
• the polymer battery 12, solar cells 18-20, and various charging circuits are represented by the mottled area shown covering the window 62.
• the panel 60 may provide emergency communication wireless calls for assistance and also a lighted display of messages in darkness and thereby transmit customized electronic distress signals regardless of lighting conditions. For this to occur, it will be appreciated that the panel will absorb light energy during the day to charge up the panel battery which can provide power during extended periods of darkness.
• the integrated power source 10 of Fig. 1 is applied to cover the roof 66 of a building 68 such as a dwelling, factory or the like.
• the integrated power source 10 includes cover 34, solar cells 18-20, polymer battery 12, the polymer semiconductor circuitry 17, all mounted on the base structure material provided by the building 68.
• the roof top design with proper industrial sizing and planning, anticipates obviating the need for a utility company power hook up in remote areas.
• Other benefits of the roof top incorporation of the integrated power source of the present invention include its use as an auxiliary power source for energy saving.
• signs 72 and 74 are supported by a roadside support 76 having posts 78 and 80 anchored to the ground and are equipped to deliver commandable electronic directional and or highway- related messages to vehicles passing in the vicinity of the signs.
• signs 72 and 74 both incorporate the integrated power source 10 described earlier in connection with Figs. 4-7. Accordingly, it will be understood from an examination of Fig. 9 that each sign 72 and 74 has a construction which not only is in accordance with the invention, but has been described in detail in connection with the operation given for the embodiment shown in Fig. 2.
• the integrated power source can be utilized to power remotely placed sensor and communications equipment in support of future intelligent highways.
• the integrated power source of the present invention can also be designed to operate with a memory storage devices made up of optional dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and static random access memory (SRAM) that can be programmed for long term data retention which results in nonvolatility of the stored data.
• DRAM dynamic random access memory
• SRAM static random access memory
• the present invention offers a third method utilizing a manually operated electrical generating charging device under emergency conditions such as might be encountered by prolonged periods of darkness or the absence of conventional wall outlet power.
• An integrated power source containing these features is shown in the block diagram of Fig. 10.
• a rechargeable battery 81 of the polymer type hereinabove described is under the control of a micro-controller generally designated 82 which contains conventional battery charging, discharging, and regulating circuits to accommodate a range of voltage outputs whose selection is based on the voltage demands of the system.
• micro-controller 82 may in addition contain circuitry well known in the art for protecting battery 81 against the damage from inadvertent reverse polarity. That is, the reverse polarity circuit may consist of semiconductors such as diodes which prevent damage to the circuit when the rechargeable battery is inadvertently connected in such a way that the positive and negative terminals are interchanged.
• Application electronics 84 may be considered to be the equivalent of the polymer semi-conductor circuitry 17 described in connection with the several applications shown in Figs. 4-9.
• battery charge state display 86 is the equivalent of the battery life indicator 28 shown in Fig. 1 and the solar cells 88 and induction charger 90 have also been described in depth in connection with Figs. 1 and 3, respectively.
• Selection of the source of the current to be delivered to battery 81 is under the control of auto select charging unit 92 having a third input from miniature generator 94.
• Auto select charging unit 92 may be internally configured to accept electrical current for charging battery 81 from any one of the three sources, or from all three simultaneously.
• Generator 94 may assume various forms well known to those skilled in the art but, in the embodiment shown in Fig.
• one form of miniature generator can be a hand-held generator that consists of a motor, a gear assembly, a flywheel, a one-way clutch and an input motion trigger. Movement of the input trigger will generate an amplified circular motion of the motor shaft through the gear assembly. When the motor shaft turns, it will generate a magnetic field through the motor coils. This magnetic field will then provide a potential voltage and current at the motor terminals that can be used for charging of the battery.
• the input motion can be a linear or a circular motion.
• a DRAMS/SRAMS memory module 96 optionally may be connected to battery 81 to store in digital form data concerning various operational characteristics of battery 81. Operational characteristics of the applications circuitry and data gathered from the applications circuit can also be stored in the non-volatile memory.
• Fig. 11 shows another and somewhat more extensive arrangement of the integrated power source of the present invention which offers greater resistance to mechanical impact and protects against abrupt changes in atmospheric pressure.
• the integrated power source is made up of multiple layers of laminations arranged in a predetermined order inside to outside beginning with a battery charge state display 98 and ending with a protective transparent cover 100.
• Next of the electronic components in the order shown between the two outer laminations are optional DRAMS/SRAMS memory module 102, rechargeable battery 104, battery electronics 106, and an array of solar cells 108.
• the structural composite layers 110 Sandwiched between the solar cells 108 and battery electronics 106, between battery electronics 106 and battery 104, between battery 104 and optional DRAMS/SRAMS memory module 102, and between optimal DRAMS/SRAMS memory module 102 and battery charge state display 98 are layers of structural composite 110.
• the presence of the structural composite layers 110 contributes to the overall rigidity of the integrated power source thus making it less vulnerable to mechanical impact and sudden pressure decompression especially in those applications where the integrated power source serves as the housing structure of an operational device. It will be appreciated, of course, that the number of the composite layers 110 may be reduced, or the number kept the same and their thickness made a matter of adjustment, until the optimum value of structural rigidity of the integrated power source has been attained. It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, it being apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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ID=24537740

Family Applications (1)

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• 1996
  • 1996-06-24 CA CA002260789A patent/CA2260789A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-06-24 EP EP96921768A patent/EP0948829A1/en active Pending
  • 1996-06-24 WO PCT/US1996/010822 patent/WO1997039491A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1997
  • 1997-03-13 SG SG1997000721A patent/SG49360A1/en unknown
  • 1997-03-21 TW TW086103571A patent/TW501295B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-04-03 AR ARP970101325A patent/AR006488A1/es unknown
  • 1997-04-09 MY MYPI97001532A patent/MY117850A/en unknown
  • 1997-04-15 CO CO97019672A patent/CO4600616A1/es unknown
  • 1997-04-16 ID IDP971263A patent/ID19535A/id unknown
  • 1997-08-05 ZA ZA9706953A patent/ZA976953B/xx unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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