EP0947589A1 - Process for treating a metallic workpiece - Google Patents

Process for treating a metallic workpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0947589A1
EP0947589A1 EP99103230A EP99103230A EP0947589A1 EP 0947589 A1 EP0947589 A1 EP 0947589A1 EP 99103230 A EP99103230 A EP 99103230A EP 99103230 A EP99103230 A EP 99103230A EP 0947589 A1 EP0947589 A1 EP 0947589A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
temperature
predetermined
spring
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99103230A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0947589B1 (en
Inventor
Jakob Betzold
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Publication of EP0947589A1 publication Critical patent/EP0947589A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece made of metal, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention has for its object a method of the above Art to provide, with a further improvement in material properties of a treated workpiece, in particular with regard to mechanical strength is achieved.
  • the workpiece is at a predetermined first Temperature warmed up and immediately after heating as long as a beam of solid particles is treated so that it is up to in an edge area a predetermined second temperature is cooled.
  • the solid particles are expediently spheres and / or grains of sand, the first temperature, for example, a value in the range 500 to 600 ° C and the second Temperature, for example, a value in the range of 50 to 200 ° C, especially a value of 100 ° C.
  • the metal is temper resistant steel, in particular Spring steel, and the workpiece preferred a connecting rod, an axle spring, a valve spring or a leaf spring.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example as a workpiece a section of a connecting rod 10, which with the The inventive method was treated.
  • the material strength by preheating for example in an oven, first decreased.
  • solid particles such as For example, sand or shot peening
  • the workpiece 10 is still essentially on the Preheating temperature.
  • Impacting jet particles or shot grains now cause on material is still called increased plasticization of an edge layer 12, which in FIG. 1 with the depth d is shown.
  • the edge layer 12 during the Blast treatment cooled faster than a core 14 inside the workpiece 10.
  • the workpiece 10 is still in the preheated state at a workpiece temperature treated for example from 500 to 600 ° C with a particle beam, the Radiate a cooling of the edge layer 12 to a temperature of, for example, 100 ° C at the end of the treatment, whereas the core 14 still has a temperature of for example> 200 ° C.
  • the workpiece made of, for example, temper-resistant steel, especially spring steel, is hardened, in whole or in part, in an oven atmosphere 500 to 600 ° C warmed and immediately intense particle or particle from the furnace atmosphere Shot peened until the edge temperature has dropped to approx. 100 ° C.
  • the workpiece is then slowly active (e.g. cooling) or passive (e.g. heat radiation) cooled down.
  • the residual compressive stresses up to have been caused by the treatment according to the invention formed in a depth of about 500 microns, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • On the vertical axis 16 is an internal stress in MPa and on the horizontal axis 18 is a depth d plotted in ⁇ m.
  • the residual stresses are shown as a depth profile 20 with a Area 22.
  • the residual stresses from the surface increase into the Workpiece 10 first to and after passing a curve minimum (i.e. maximum internal stress).
  • the Depth of the residual stress a zero crossing, i. H. it is essentially no residual stresses present.
  • you can reach at conventional shot peening only depths up to 300 ⁇ m for residual stresses, d. H. of the Zero crossing of the depth profile of the residual stresses is already at a depth d of 300 ⁇ m.
  • the hot blasting treatment according to the invention can also be transferred to other components, such as for example a spring (axle spring, valve spring, leaf spring), whereby one weight-optimized springs.
  • a spring anle spring, valve spring, leaf spring
  • the radiation at temperatures of about. ⁇ 500 ° C plastification until the surface layer 12 is colder than the core 14, which creates a favorable residual stress distribution.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The workpiece is heated up to a predetermined first temperature and, immediately after heating, is subjected to a jet of solid particles until within a certain boundary region it is cooled down to a second predetermined temperature.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstückes aus Metall, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece made of metal, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zum Einbringen von Eigenspannungen in einen Werkstoff eines Werkstückes wird dieses beispielsweise Sand- oder Kugelgestrahlt.This is used to introduce residual stresses into the material of a workpiece for example sandblasted or shot peened.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der obengenannten Art zur Verfügung zu stellen, wobei eine weitere Verbesserung von Materialeigenschaften eines behandelten Werkstückes insbesondere bezüglich einer mechanischen Festigkeit erzielt wird.The present invention has for its object a method of the above Art to provide, with a further improvement in material properties of a treated workpiece, in particular with regard to mechanical strength is achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren der o. g. Art mit den in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method of the above. Kind with the claim 1 marked features solved. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are shown in the dependent claims.

Dazu ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß das Werkstück auf eine vorbestimmte erste Temperatur erwärmt und unmittelbar anschließend an die Erwärmung solange derart mit einem Strahl aus Festkörperteilchen behandelt wird, daß es in einem Randbereich bis auf eine vorbestimmte zweite Temperatur abgekühlt wird.For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention that the workpiece is at a predetermined first Temperature warmed up and immediately after heating as long as a beam of solid particles is treated so that it is up to in an edge area a predetermined second temperature is cooled.

Dies hat den Vorteil, daß durch das gleichzeitige Anlassen und Partikelstrahlen (Anlasstrahlen) eine höher Werkstückfestigkeit erzielt wird. Dadurch kann ein Werkstück entweder für gegebene mechanische Belastungen geringer dimensioniert werden, was zu einer entsprechenden Gewichtseinsparung führt, oder bei konstanter Dimensionierung für höhere mechanische Belastungen verwendet werden.This has the advantage that the simultaneous tempering and particle blasting (Tempering) a higher workpiece strength is achieved. This allows a workpiece either be dimensioned smaller for given mechanical loads, resulting in a corresponding weight saving leads, or with constant dimensioning for higher mechanical loads are used.

Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Festkörperteilchen Kugeln und/oder Sandkörner, wobei die erste Temperatur beispielsweise einen Wert im Bereich 500 bis 600 °C und die zweite Temperatur beispielsweise einen Wert im Bereich 50 bis 200 °C, insbesondere einen Wert von 100 °C, hat.The solid particles are expediently spheres and / or grains of sand, the first temperature, for example, a value in the range 500 to 600 ° C and the second Temperature, for example, a value in the range of 50 to 200 ° C, especially a value of 100 ° C.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist das Metall ein anlaßbeständiger Stahl, insbesondere Federstahl, und das Werkstück bevorzugte ein Pleuel, eine Achsfeder, eine Ventilfeder oder eine Blattfeder.In a preferred embodiment, the metal is temper resistant steel, in particular Spring steel, and the workpiece preferred a connecting rod, an axle spring, a valve spring or a leaf spring.

Dadurch, daß nach dem Behandeln mit Partikelstrahlen das Werkstück langsam mit einer vorbestimmten Temperaturkurve abgekühlt wird, zieht sich das gesamte Werkstück zusammen und es steilen sich die mechanische Festigkeit erhöhende Druckeigenspannungen in einem durch das Strahlen plastifizierten Randbereich ein. Dies erhöht ferner in vorteilhafter Weise eine Schwingfestigkeit des Werkstückes.The fact that after the treatment with particle beams, the workpiece slowly with a predetermined temperature curve is cooled, the entire workpiece pulls together and the mechanical strength increases Residual compressive stresses in an edge area plasticized by the blasting. This also advantageously increases the vibration resistance of the workpiece.

Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen, sowie aus der nachstehenden Beschreibung der Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen. Diese zeigen in

Fig. 1
einen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behandelten Pleuelstegquerschnitt und
Fig. 2
einen Tiefenverlauf von durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in dem Werkstück erzeugten Eigenspannungen.
Further features, advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims and from the following description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show in
Fig. 1
a connecting rod cross section treated with the method according to the invention and
Fig. 2
a depth profile of residual stresses generated in the workpiece by the method according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt beispielhaft als Werkstück einen Schnitt eines Pleuelsteges 10, welcher mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behandelt wurde. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Werkstoffestigkeit durch Vorwärmen, beispielsweise in einem Ofen, zunächst verringert. Beim unmittelbar nachfolgenden Behandeln mit Festkörperpartikeln, wie beispielsweise Sand- oder Kugelstrahlen, ist das Werkstück 10 im wesentlichen noch auf der Vorwärmtemperatur. Auftreffende Strahlteilchen bzw. Strahlkörner bewirken nunmehr am noch heißen Werkstoff eine erhöhte Plastifizierung einer Randschicht 12, welche in Fig. 1 mit der Tiefe d dargestellt ist. Durch das Strahlen wird die Randschicht 12 während der Strahlbehandlung schneller abgekühlt als ein Kern 14 im Inneren des Werkstückes 10. Fig. 1 shows an example as a workpiece a section of a connecting rod 10, which with the The inventive method was treated. In the method according to the invention is the material strength by preheating, for example in an oven, first decreased. In the immediately following treatment with solid particles, such as For example, sand or shot peening, the workpiece 10 is still essentially on the Preheating temperature. Impacting jet particles or shot grains now cause on material is still called increased plasticization of an edge layer 12, which in FIG. 1 with the depth d is shown. By blasting, the edge layer 12 during the Blast treatment cooled faster than a core 14 inside the workpiece 10.

Durch eine nachfolgende Abkühlung im Kern 14 zieht sich das gesamte Werkstück 10 zusammen und Druckeigenspannungen im gesamten plastifizierten Randbereich 12 stellen sich ein. Dies erhöht eine mechanische und eine Schwingfestigkeit des Werkstückes 10.Subsequent cooling in the core 14 pulls the entire workpiece 10 together and set residual compressive stresses in the entire plasticized edge area 12 yourself. This increases the mechanical and vibration resistance of the workpiece 10.

Beispielsweise wird das Werkstück 10 noch im vorgewärmten Zustand bei einer Werkstück-Temperatur von beispielsweise 500 bis 600 °C mit einem Partikelstrahl behandelt, wobei das Strahlen eine Abkühlung der Randschicht 12 auf eine Temperatur von beispielsweise 100 °C am Ende der Behandlung bewirkt, wogegen der Kern 14 noch eine Temperatur von beispielsweise >200 °C hat. Das Werkstück aus beispielsweise anlaßbeständigem Stahl, insbesondere Federstahl, wird gehärtet, ganz oder teilweise in einer Ofenatmosphäre auf 500 bis 600 °C durchgewärmt und aus der Ofenatmosphäre sofort intensiv Partikel- oder Kugelgestrahlt, bis die Randtemperatur auf ca. 100 °C abgefallen ist. Das Werkstück wird dann langsam aktiv (durch z. B. Kühlung) oder passiv (durch z. B. Wärmeabstrahlung) abgekühlt.For example, the workpiece 10 is still in the preheated state at a workpiece temperature treated for example from 500 to 600 ° C with a particle beam, the Radiate a cooling of the edge layer 12 to a temperature of, for example, 100 ° C at the end of the treatment, whereas the core 14 still has a temperature of for example> 200 ° C. The workpiece made of, for example, temper-resistant steel, especially spring steel, is hardened, in whole or in part, in an oven atmosphere 500 to 600 ° C warmed and immediately intense particle or particle from the furnace atmosphere Shot peened until the edge temperature has dropped to approx. 100 ° C. The workpiece is then slowly active (e.g. cooling) or passive (e.g. heat radiation) cooled down.

Nunmehr haben sich durch die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung Druckeigenspannungen bis in eine Tiefe von ca. 500 µm ausgebildet, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Auf der vertikalen Achse 16 ist hierbei eine Eigenspannung in MPa und auf der horizontalen Achse 18 ist eine Tiefe d in µm aufgetragen. Die Eigenspannungen sind als Tiefenverlauf 20 dargestellt mit einem Bereich 22. Die Eigenspannungen nehmen von der Oberfläche aus gesehen in das Werkstück 10 hinein zunächst zu und nach durchlaufen eines Kurvenminimums (d. h. maximaler Eigenspannung) wieder ab. Bei einer Tiefe d von etwa 500 µm hat der Tiefenvertauf 20 der Eigenspannung einen Nulldurchgang, d. h. es sind im wesentlichen keine Eigenspannungen mehr vorhanden. Im Gegensatz dazu erreicht man bei herkömmlichem Kugelstrahlen nur Tiefen bis zu 300 µm für Eigenspannungen, d. h. der Nulldurchgang des Tiefenverlaufes der Eigenspannungen ist bereits bei einer Tiefe d von 300 µm.Now, the residual compressive stresses up to have been caused by the treatment according to the invention formed in a depth of about 500 microns, as shown in Fig. 2. On the vertical axis 16 is an internal stress in MPa and on the horizontal axis 18 is a depth d plotted in µm. The residual stresses are shown as a depth profile 20 with a Area 22. The residual stresses from the surface increase into the Workpiece 10 first to and after passing a curve minimum (i.e. maximum internal stress). At a depth d of approximately 500 µm, the Depth of the residual stress a zero crossing, i. H. it is essentially no residual stresses present. In contrast, you can reach at conventional shot peening only depths up to 300 µm for residual stresses, d. H. of the Zero crossing of the depth profile of the residual stresses is already at a depth d of 300 µm.

Somit ist z. B. ein Pleuel mit geringerem Querschnitt bei gleicher mechanischer Festigkeit als ein herkömmlich hergestelltes Pleuel erzielbar, wobei sich eine Gewichtseinsparung von > 30 % ergibt.Thus, e.g. B. a connecting rod with a smaller cross section with the same mechanical strength achievable as a conventionally manufactured connecting rod, with a weight saving of > 30% results.

Die erfindungsgemäße Warmstrahlbehandlung ist auch auf andere Bauteile übertragbar, wie beispielsweise eine Feder (Achsfeder, Ventilfeder, Blattfeder), wodurch man gewichtsoptimierte Federn erzielt. Auch hier bewirkt das Strahlen bei Temperaturen von etwa. ≥ 500 °C eine Plastifizierung, bis die Randschicht 12 kälter als der Kern 14 ist, wodurch sich eine günstige Eigenspannungsverteilung einstellt. Dies bedeutet für Eigenschaften von derart behandelten Werkstücken, daß eine höhere Belastbarkeit und/oder eine Gewichtseinsparung erzielt wird. Grundsätzlich ist dieses Verfahren bei allen mit einem Partikelstrahl behandelten Werkstücken verwendbar. The hot blasting treatment according to the invention can also be transferred to other components, such as for example a spring (axle spring, valve spring, leaf spring), whereby one weight-optimized springs. Here, too, the radiation at temperatures of about. ≥ 500 ° C plastification until the surface layer 12 is colder than the core 14, which creates a favorable residual stress distribution. This means for Properties of workpieces treated in such a way that a higher load capacity and / or a weight saving is achieved. Basically, this procedure is for everyone with one Particle beam treated workpieces can be used.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTEREFERENCE SIGN LIST

1010th
PleuelstegConnecting rod
1212th
RandschichtBoundary layer
1414
Kerncore
1616
vertikalen Achsevertical axis
1818th
horizontalen Achsehorizontal axis
2020th
TiefenverlaufDepth course
2222
BereichArea
dd
Tiefe der RandschichtDepth of the boundary layer

Claims (7)

Verfahren zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstückes aus Metall, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das Werkstück auf eine vorbestimmte erste Temperatur erwärmt und unmittelbar anschließend an die Erwärmung solange derart mit einem Strahl aus Festkörperteilchen behandelt wird, daß es in einem Randbereich bis auf eine vorbestimmte zweite Temperatur abgekühlt wird.Method for machining a workpiece made of metal, in particular for a motor vehicle,
characterized in that
the workpiece is heated to a predetermined first temperature and, immediately after the heating, is treated with a jet of solid particles such that it is cooled to a predetermined second temperature in an edge region. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Festkörperteilchen Kugeln und/oder Sandkörner sind.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the solid particles are spheres and / or grains of sand. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die erste Temperatur einen Wert im Bereich 500 bis 600 °C hat.The method of claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the first temperature has a value in the range 500 to 600 ° C. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die zweite Temperatur einen Wert im Bereich 50 bis 200 °C, insbesondere einen Wert von weniger als 125 °C, hat.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the second temperature has a value in the range from 50 to 200 ° C., in particular a value of less than 125 ° C. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das Metall ein anlaßbeständiger Stahl, insbesondere Federstahl ist.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the metal is a temper-resistant steel, especially spring steel. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das Werkstück ein Pleuel, eine Achsfeder, eine Ventilfeder oder eine Blattfeder ist.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the workpiece is a connecting rod, an axle spring, a valve spring or a leaf spring. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
nach dem Behandeln mit Partikelstrahlen das Werkstück langsam mit einer vorbestimmten Temperaturkurve abgekühlt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
after treatment with particle beams, the workpiece is slowly cooled with a predetermined temperature curve.
EP99103230A 1998-03-31 1999-02-19 Process for treating a steel workpiece Expired - Lifetime EP0947589B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19814299 1998-03-31
DE19814299A DE19814299A1 (en) 1998-03-31 1998-03-31 Process for machining a metal workpiece

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EP0947589A1 true EP0947589A1 (en) 1999-10-06
EP0947589B1 EP0947589B1 (en) 2002-11-27

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KR101219837B1 (en) 2010-10-19 2013-01-08 기아자동차주식회사 Method for manufacturing of high strength valve spring for vehicle engine and high strength valve spring using the same

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019034284A1 (en) * 2017-08-17 2019-02-21 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for compacting by blasting or rolling

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DE19814299A1 (en) 1999-10-07
EP0947589B1 (en) 2002-11-27

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