EP0947026A1 - Fuel cell module with a gas supply device - Google Patents
Fuel cell module with a gas supply deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP0947026A1 EP0947026A1 EP97953732A EP97953732A EP0947026A1 EP 0947026 A1 EP0947026 A1 EP 0947026A1 EP 97953732 A EP97953732 A EP 97953732A EP 97953732 A EP97953732 A EP 97953732A EP 0947026 A1 EP0947026 A1 EP 0947026A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- webs
- cell module
- cell stack
- cover plates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
- H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel cell module with a gas supply device and a method for its production.
- a fuel cell stack which is arranged in a fuel cell module, has a plurality of fuel cells as essential components.
- a fuel cell is composed of a cathode, an electrolyte and an anode.
- the cathode becomes an oxidizing agent, e.g. B. air and the anode becomes a fuel, e.g. B. supplied hydrogen.
- Fuel and oxidizing agents are generally called operating resources in the following.
- fuel cells e.g. B. the SOFC fuel cell, which is also called high-temperature fuel cell, since its operating temperature is up to 1000 ° C.
- Oxygen ions form on the cathode of a high-temperature fuel cell in the presence of the oxidizing agent.
- the oxygen ions pass through the electrolyte and recombine on the anode side with the hydrogen from the fuel to form water. Recombination releases electrons and thus generates electrical energy.
- a SOFC fuel cell has a solid electrolyte that conducts O 2 " ions but no electrons.
- Ytrium-stabilized zirconium oxide, YSZ is usually used as the material for the solid electrolyte.
- the electrolyte In a first conventional construction, the electrolyte consists of an approximately 100-200 ⁇ m thick YSZ film, which is coated with an anode and cathode each 50 ⁇ m thick.
- the minimum thickness of the electrolyte is required for reasons of stability, since otherwise handling and further processing of the electrolyte would not be possible without damaging the electrolyte.
- the thickness of the electrical temperatures in the range of approx. 1000 ° C are required to ensure sufficient conductivity of the electrolyte.
- Another concept for the construction of a fuel cell is to design, for example, the anode or cathode in the form of an approximately 2000 ⁇ m thick substrate which is coated with the material of the electrolyte.
- the thickness of the electrolyte is in the range of less than 20 ⁇ m, so that an operating temperature of only 700-800 ° C. is sufficient for sufficient 0 2 ′′ conductivity.
- This advantageously results in the entire cell being mechanically stable the anode or cathode can also be used a support with a thickness of 2000 microns on which the anode, the electrolyte and the cathode are applied as thin layers.
- the connecting element of two fuel cells is known as an interconnector. It effects the electrical and mechanical coupling of two fuel cells. Furthermore, the connecting element serves to form cathode or anode spaces. A cathode is located in a cathode compartment. An anode is located in an anode compartment. Fuel cells stacked in this way are called fuel cell stacks.
- Connecting elements are also arranged at both ends of the fuel cell stack, but are configured only on one side for guiding an operating medium flow. These elements are called end plates and are bordered by cover plates which form parts of a housing of the fuel cell stack. If the cover plates and other parts of the housing are electrically conductive, it is generally necessary to provide electrical insulation between the end plates and the cover plates.
- the fuel cell stack is usually operated in cross flow.
- two opposite sides each serve an inlet and outlet of an operating medium, while the other two sides represent the inlet and outlet of the other operating medium.
- the connecting element serves as a guiding element that separates the two operating resources from one another and at the same time.
- a high-temperature fuel cell is known from the prior art, which has a first gas supply box, called a fuel gas supply box, and a second gas supply box, called an afterburning chamber.
- a fuel gas supply box a first gas supply box
- an afterburning chamber a second gas supply box
- These two gas supply boxes which are referred to here with the generic term equipment rooms, serve for the supply and discharge of equipment into the fuel cells or out of them.
- Heat exchangers can be accommodated in the afterburning chamber.
- Operating space is to be understood in the following to mean any space which is directly adjacent to a fuel cell stack and which serves for the supply or discharge of operating resources. Such equipment room must be tightly connected to the fuel cell stack. However, problems with tightness occur in particular at the high operating temperatures.
- the type of gas supply device described above is referred to as an external gas supply device or as an external manifold, since the gas supply boxes are attached to the side of the fuel cell stack after assembly.
- the gas supply boxes must be connected to the fuel cell stack in an electrically insulated manner and must also be adapted to the fuel cell stack in terms of thermal expansion behavior.
- the gas supply boxes must have sufficient resistance to high temperatures.
- the external gas supply boxes known from the prior art are therefore produced from a ceramic material.
- the external gas supply devices have high manufacturing costs, since both the material and its processing are complex. This disadvantage is particularly noticeable in practice-related, larger fuel cell stacks.
- An internal gas supply device is also known from the prior art, which is also referred to as an internal manifold, in which the equipment is supplied through slots which are introduced into the connecting elements. For this purpose, an areal enlargement of the connecting elements beyond the dimensions of the fuel cells is required, so that the expensive ceramic material of the connecting element is used only to a relatively small extent for the function of the connecting element. In addition, additional insulating layers are required to prevent a short circuit between the connecting elements. Finally, it is disadvantageous that the sealing of the individual fuel cells cannot be improved after the stack has been joined.
- DE 195 17 042 Cl discloses a fuel cell arrangement with a number of fuel cells arranged in a fuel cell stack.
- the fuel cell stack is surrounded by a gas-tight envelope and is supported against the top and the bottom of the envelope.
- Sealing devices for mutually sealing the inlet and outlet spaces are provided between the casing and the fuel cell stack, the sealing devices being designed to compensate for thermal expansions between the fuel cell stack and the casing.
- recesses are provided at the corners of the fuel cells, in which sealing corner strips are used, which consist of an electrically insulating ceramic material.
- the fuel cell stack is supported in the envelope by corner bearings, which are effective between the sealing corner strips and corresponding, opposite areas of the envelope.
- the sealing corner strips and the corner bearings thus form a unit which acts both as a bearing and as a sealing device.
- a disadvantage of this design is that cutouts must be provided in the fuel cell stack, which reduce the effective area of the fuel cells and thus the overall performance of the fuel cell stack.
- the cover is not rigidly connected to the fuel cell stack via the corner bearings, so that the upper and lower connections end plates of the envelope also have no rigid connection to the fuel cell stack. Therefore, separate cover plates of the fuel cell stack are required, so that there is an overall complex structure of the fuel cell module.
- the invention is therefore based on the technical problem of specifying a fuel cell module with a gas supply device which has a simple and therefore inexpensive structure and at the same time ensures a reliable supply of the fuel cells with operating resources.
- the technical problem of securely sealing the equipment paths within the gas supply device continues to exist.
- a gas supply device for a fuel cell stack which has webs and an outer wall attached to the outer ends of the webs.
- the inner longitudinal edges of the webs are connected to the fuel cell stack and along each transverse edge to cover plates.
- the cover plates in turn close the fuel cell stack in the longitudinal direction.
- the construction according to the invention provides reliably sealed and electrically insulating gas supply boxes through a suitable choice of the materials used, which also withstand the high thermal loads during the operation of a fuel cell stack.
- the webs are first connected in a sealed manner to the fuel cell stack along the inner longitudinal edges with the fuel cell stack.
- the webs are sealingly connected to the cover plates at the transverse edges.
- the outer wall extends over the entire length of the fuel cell stack and additionally over the edges of the cover plates, the outer wall being sealed off from the longitudinal edges of the webs and from the cover plates with corresponding sealing surfaces.
- the outer wall preferably consists of a high-temperature-resistant metal foil, the temperature expansion behavior of which is relatively well adapted to the fuel cell stack. Existing differences in temperature expansion are compensated for by the thin thickness of the film. This is because the operating temperatures are above the recrystallization temperature of the metal of the film, so that the film is capable of creeping and generates only slight mechanical forces in the longitudinal direction of the fuel cell stack.
- the gas supply device according to the invention is used for a conventional fuel cell stack with operating temperatures in the range of 1000 ° C.
- the webs consist of a non-conductive oxide ceramic that is adapted in terms of its thermal expansion behavior. There are therefore no problems with the electrical insulation of the webs from the individual fuel cells within the fuel cell stack.
- the outer wall is placed on the outer edges of the webs and then attached to the webs using pressure strips and clamping rings pressed so that the sealing surfaces arranged between the outer wall and webs do not have to compensate for mechanical forces which are caused by different temperature expansions of the components involved.
- the outer wall can be fastened with the help of pressure strips and clamping rings - as described above.
- the metallic outer wall can be fastened to the metallic webs in an advantageous manner by means of a cohesive joint connection, such as, for example, soldering or welding. This also simplifies assembly, and the reliability of the gas supply device is also improved because of the increased mechanical strength of the connection.
- a suitable seal between the webs and the outer wall is also possible by applying a continuous weld seam. A sealing surface made of glass solder or glass ceramic is then advantageously not required.
- the sealing surfaces between the various components of the gas supply device are preferably produced from a glass solder or a glass ceramic, which forms both a gas-tight connection and an electrically insulating layer. This fulfills all the requirements for the sealing surface that have been shown above.
- the glass ceramic is capable of creeping at the high temperatures, so that the sealing surfaces can compensate and reduce mechanical stresses occurring, since the sealing surfaces have no load-bearing function.
- Fig. 2 is a plan view of the gas supply device shown in Fig. 1 and
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 2, the arrangement of the filling openings and the supply channels.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show a fuel cell module according to the invention with a gas supply device for a fuel cell stack 1, which is composed of a plurality of fuel cells 2 and connecting elements 3, the so-called interconnectors.
- the supply of the fuel cells 2 with the operating resources takes place via operating resource rooms 4 and 5 or 6 and 7, the fuel cells 2 being operated in the so-called cross flow.
- the fuel is supplied via the operating medium space 4 and discharged via the operating medium space 5, while the oxidant is supplied and removed via the operating medium spaces 6 and 7.
- the webs 8 are connected along the four corners of the fuel cell stack 1 with their inner longitudinal edges, so that there is essentially a cross shape.
- the webs 8 are radially from the center of the fuel cell stack 1 outwards from the fuel cell stack 1.
- the webs 8 are connected to cover plates 10 and 11, which close off the fuel cell stack 1 in the longitudinal direction, that is to say in the vertical direction in FIG. 1.
- the webs 8 are fastened to the lower cover plate 10, while the upper cover plate 11 has cutouts. points, which correspond to the positions of the webs 8 and through which the webs 8 extend in the assembled state.
- the length of the outer wall 9 corresponds at least to the height of the fuel cell stack 1 plus the thicknesses of the two cover plates 10 and 11, so that the atissen wall bears against the entire length of the webs 8 and along the entire circumferential edges of the cover plates 10 and 11.
- the webs 8 are first sealed off from the fuel cell stack 1 and from the cover plates 10 and 11, the along the contact surfaces of the Components sealing surfaces 12 and 13 are formed.
- the outer wall 9 is also sealed off from the webs 8 and the cover plates 10 and 11, sealing surfaces 14 and 15 being formed between the components. The manufacture of the sealing surfaces is described in more detail below.
- the outer wall 9 consists of a high-temperature-resistant metal layer which is dimensionally stable even at temperatures of up to 1000 ° C.
- the metal layer preferably consists of a metal foil, the thickness of which is, for example, 50 ⁇ m. However, other thicknesses are also possible. In any case, it is necessary for the metal foil to generate only slight mechanical stresses during the temperature cycles occurring during operation, which do not lead to a load on the fuel cell stack. It is advantageous that the metal layer is in the temperature range of 700 - 1000 ° C above the recrystallization point and is therefore capable of creeping. Thermal expansion of the fuel cell stack 1 and the webs 8 can thus be compensated for within the metal foil.
- the webs 8 and the cover plates 10 and 11 consist either of a non-conductive oxide ceramic which is adapted in terms of thermal expansion behavior or of a ferritic steel or an alloy which is adapted in terms of thermal expansion behavior.
- the latter materials can only be used at operating temperatures of the fuel cell stack 1 in the range of 700-800 ° C. for webs and cover plates, since a sufficiently adapted temperature expansion behavior can only be achieved for these temperatures.
- the outer wall can also be made from a metal sheet. Because of the similar thermal expansion behavior of webs and outer wall, the outer wall itself can only exert slight mechanical stresses on the connection between the webs and the outer wall due to its own thermal expansion behavior.
- a non-conductive high-temperature oxide ceramic such as aluminum magnesium spinel (MgO • AI2O3), which is adapted in terms of its temperature expansion behavior, is available as oxide ceramic.
- the outer wall 9 is fastened to the webs with the aid of pressure strips 16 and clamping rings 17.
- This non-positive connection is to be used in particular when the webs 8 are made of ceramic material and the outer wall 9 a is made of a metal foil. If, on the other hand, the webs are also made of a steel or other alloy, the outer wall 9 can also be connected to the webs by means of a material connection, for example by soldering or welding. The integral connection represents a more secure connection of the outer wall 9 and the webs 8.
- the sealing surfaces 12 to 15 consist of a glass solder or glass ceramic layer which is adapted in terms of thermal expansion behavior and which is applied after the assembly of the fuel cell stack 1 become.
- a glass ceramic layer is preferred since it is particularly well suited for the sealing surface due to the temperature expansion behavior and the low electrical resistance.
- grooves 18 are first formed on the webs 8 on the inner longitudinal edge and grooves 19 on the outer longitudinal edge, which serve to hold a glass ceramic paste consisting of glass ceramic powder and a binder.
- grooves 20 are formed on the cover plates for the same purpose.
- 10 filling openings 21 are provided in the form of connecting pieces for filling the glass ceramic paste on the cover plate.
- 10 supply channels 22 and 23 are arranged in the cover plate, which are in connection with the grooves 18 and 19.
- the supply channel 22 is extended within the web 8 as a supply channel 24.
- supply channels are provided in the drawing, which run radially outward within the cover plate 10 in order to supply the circumferential groove 20 with glass ceramic paste.
- grooves 18, 19 and 20 are provided along the later contact surfaces of the various components, which will receive and guide the glass ceramic, at least in one of the components.
- the grooves 18, 19 and 20 are preferably attached either to the edges of the webs 8 or the cover plates 10 and 11, respectively.
- filler openings 21 are provided on the cover plate 10 for the application of the glass ceramic and supply channels 22 and 23 are provided in the cover plate 10, through which a glass ceramic paste, as will be described in the following, is led to the sealing surfaces 12 to 15.
- webs 8 are fastened to the lower cover plate 10 and are arranged at a distance from the outer dimensions of the corners of the fuel cells to be arranged.
- the fuel cells 2 and the connecting elements 3 are then stacked one above the other in their intended orientation.
- the number of burning Material cells 2 are predetermined by the length of the fuel cell stack 1 in the finished, ie compressed, state, the height of the fuel cell stack 1 being less than the length of the webs.
- the upper cover plate 11 is placed on the fuel cell stack 1, the webs 8 extending through corresponding recesses in the upper cover plate 11. Weights are then placed on the upper cover plate 11 in order to compress the entire fuel cell stack 1 and to ensure sufficient mechanical and electrical contact between the individual layers.
- the outer wall 9 of the gas supply device is arranged around the webs 8 and the outer edge of the lower and upper cover plates 10 and 11, so that the operating medium spaces 4 to 7 necessary for supplying the fuel cell stack 1 with operating means are formed. It is necessary that on the one hand the outer edges of the webs 8 extend to the circumferential outer edge of the cover plates 10 and 11 and that on the other hand the height of the outer wall 9 corresponds at least to the length of the fuel cell stack 1 and the two cover plates 10 and 11. The outer wall is then fixed by means of pressure strips 16 and clamping rings 17.
- the sealing surfaces 12 to 15 are then produced between the various components of the gas supply device.
- a paste consisting of glass ceramic powder and a binder is introduced into the filling openings 21, which are arranged on the cover plate 10.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19650903A DE19650903C2 (en) | 1996-12-07 | 1996-12-07 | Fuel cell module with a gas supply device |
DE19650903 | 1996-12-07 | ||
PCT/EP1997/006739 WO1998025318A1 (en) | 1996-12-07 | 1997-12-02 | Fuel cell module with a gas supply device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0947026A1 true EP0947026A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
Family
ID=7813992
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97953732A Withdrawn EP0947026A1 (en) | 1996-12-07 | 1997-12-02 | Fuel cell module with a gas supply device |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0947026A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE19650903C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998025318A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10124853A1 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2002-11-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Fuel cells are stacked within metal housing that provides a gas tight seal |
DE10302124A1 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2004-07-29 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Fuel cell is constructed with a stack of cell elements separated by a metal oxide sealing layer |
DE10334131A1 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-02-17 | Webasto Ag | Method for producing a fuel cell stack |
DE102004048525A1 (en) * | 2004-10-06 | 2006-04-13 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Fuel cell stack manufacturing method, involves already adding stack during actual assembling under ambient temperature, and utilizing sealing medium with very small shrinkage and inserting before assembly of stack |
DE102008018630B4 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2013-05-29 | Staxera Gmbh | Fuel cell stack, fuel cell system and method for producing a fuel cell stack |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6084774A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1985-05-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel cell |
JPS60109179A (en) * | 1983-11-17 | 1985-06-14 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Manifold mounting equipment of fuel cell |
JP2585225B2 (en) * | 1986-07-07 | 1997-02-26 | 株式会社東芝 | Molten carbonate fuel cell |
JPS63124377A (en) * | 1986-11-12 | 1988-05-27 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Fuel cell |
DE4236441A1 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-05 | Siemens Ag | Sealing gas spaces in a height temperature fuel cell - treating spaces with at least two gases in succession, first containing oxidisable compound, others being acidic |
DE19517042C1 (en) * | 1995-05-10 | 1996-12-05 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Fuel cell arrangement |
-
1996
- 1996-12-07 DE DE19650903A patent/DE19650903C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-12-02 WO PCT/EP1997/006739 patent/WO1998025318A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-02 EP EP97953732A patent/EP0947026A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9825318A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19650903C2 (en) | 1999-03-18 |
WO1998025318A1 (en) | 1998-06-11 |
DE19650903A1 (en) | 1998-06-10 |
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Legal Events
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