EP0943077A1 - Operating procedure related to a resistance heating element and device for applying same - Google Patents

Operating procedure related to a resistance heating element and device for applying same

Info

Publication number
EP0943077A1
EP0943077A1 EP97945730A EP97945730A EP0943077A1 EP 0943077 A1 EP0943077 A1 EP 0943077A1 EP 97945730 A EP97945730 A EP 97945730A EP 97945730 A EP97945730 A EP 97945730A EP 0943077 A1 EP0943077 A1 EP 0943077A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistance
heating element
temperature
setpoint
resistance heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP97945730A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Cornelius Peter
Kurt Ingrisch
Thomas Weigold
Guenther Riehl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0943077A1 publication Critical patent/EP0943077A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K15/00—Testing or calibrating of thermometers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0288—Applications for non specified applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
    • G05D23/24—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor
    • G05D23/2401—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor using a heating element as a sensing element

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for operating a resistance heating element and a device for carrying out the method. It is state of the art to detect the actual temperature required for controlling a resistance heating element by means of a separate sensor. These sensor elements can be manufactured with constant quality. If the resistance of the resistance heating element is used for temperature detection, then this has high scatter compared to conventional temperature sensors.
  • the object of the invention is to provide the parameters necessary for operating the resistance heating element in a rational and possibly automated manner. The object is achieved by the features specified in the independent claims.
  • the method according to the invention for operating a resistance heating element is characterized in particular by the fact that during a first step a resistance R ⁇ of the resistance heating element at a known base temperature it is determined that during a second step a resistance setpoint is determined as a function of the resistance R ⁇ at the known base temperature and a known temperature coefficient and that the resistance heating element is controlled by approximately setting this resistance setpoint.
  • this resistance R ⁇ is precisely recorded under known conditions. This allows the parameters of the regulation of the control of the resistance heating element to be tailored specifically to this resistance R ⁇ .
  • the desired target temperature can be achieved because the resistance target value is determined as a function of this strongly fluctuating resistance R ⁇ .
  • This comparison can also be carried out, for example, by software, which is why the method according to the invention can be easily automated. This contributes to cost savings, particularly in series production.
  • the measurement of the resistance R ⁇ increases the accuracy of the temperature control.
  • the room temperature is used as the base temperature. This means that parameters are adjusted to the known conditions in production. Because of the known
  • Temperature coefficients of the resistance R ⁇ need not be heated up the resistance R ⁇ .
  • the device according to the invention serves to carry out the method according to the main claim.
  • Signal processing determines the resistance R ⁇ at a known base temperature with the aid of a variable resistance.
  • the same variable resistor is used to set a resistance setpoint which is a function of the resistor R ⁇ and the known temperature coefficient of the resistor R ⁇ is determined.
  • Signal processing and variable resistance thus contribute both to the parameterization and to the later operation of the resistance heating element. This eliminates the need for separate adjustment devices.
  • the resistance setpoint is stored in a memory.
  • the memory content can be called up again for control purposes.
  • resistor R n is part of a bridge circuit.
  • the resistance R ⁇ can easily be determined, for example, by bridge adjustment.
  • variable resistor consists of individual resistors connected in parallel and individually activatable. With sufficient accuracy, an economical implementation is achieved.
  • the method and the device for carrying out the method in a motor vehicle which is equipped with an air quality sensor are preferably used. Regular heating of the air quality sensor reduces its wear.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram
  • FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram
  • FIG. 3 shows a circuit arrangement as exemplary embodiments. description
  • a resistance setpoint 12 which is influenced by a variable resistor 13, outputs a setpoint signal 14 to a control / regulation 15.
  • the control / regulation 15 there
  • the resistance R ⁇ 11 is determined at base temperature. This is followed in a second step by the determination of the resistance setpoint 12. In step 3, the resistance heating element is driven in accordance with the resistance setpoint 12. This step is repeated.
  • a measuring bridge 22 consists of the measuring bridge resistors 16 and the resistor R ⁇ 11. It is supplied by an operating voltage Ug. The diagonal voltage of the measuring bridge 22 is fed to a comparator 18. Between the inverting input of comparator 18 and input
  • Outputs of a signal processing 19 is the variable resistor 13, which is formed from individual resistors 23.
  • a transistor 17 is driven by the signal processing 19 and supplies the resistor R ⁇ 11 with the operating voltage U B.
  • a memory 20 and a computer 21 are connected to the signal processing 19.
  • the resistance heating element 10 serves, for example, to protect sensitive electronic components from wear. In particular one arranged in the motor vehicle
  • Air quality sensor prevents regular heating from the fact that the porous structures are affected by the penetration of moisture.
  • the resistance heating element 10 is heated to constant absolute temperatures of approximately 300 ° C.
  • Resistance heating element 10 can serve, for example, a platinum resistor.
  • the resistance R ⁇ 11 can scatter very strongly, with manufacturing tolerances of up to ⁇ 40% - based on the desired value - must be expected.
  • the resistance R ⁇ 11 is of the order of 50 ohms.
  • the temperature coefficient of the resistance Rh 11 is also known. If the resistance R ⁇ 11 is known for a certain temperature, the resistance R ⁇ 11 can be determined with the temperature coefficient at a set temperature of, for example, 300 ° C.
  • the target signal 14, which corresponds to the desired target temperature can be, for example, by a
  • Preset resistance setpoint 12 which can be formed by a variable resistor 13. Voltages or currents proportional to the resistance target value 12 could also be provided as target signals 14.
  • a variable resistor 13 is a potentiometer or a resistance network consisting of several
  • the individual resistors 23 of a resistance network can be switched on or off individually.
  • the variable resistance is set using discrete steps.
  • an analog or digital target signal 14 can be specified.
  • the parameters required to operate the resistance heating element 10 are set in several aspects.
  • the resistance Rh 11 is determined at a known base temperature. For example, room temperature or the temperature prevailing at the end of the production process of the resistance heating element 10 serve as the base temperature.
  • the procedure for Resistance determination is known. If the resistor R ⁇ 11 is part of a measuring bridge 22, for example, this can be adjusted by means of a variable resistor 13. The resistance R ⁇ 11 is then calculated as a function of the variable resistance 13. In the event of strong fluctuations in the base temperature, it makes sense to record this separately.
  • step 2 follows.
  • Temperature coefficient of resistance R ⁇ 11 the resistance R ⁇ 11 is calculated, which theoretically occurs at the desired target temperature.
  • various resistance-temperature characteristic curves can be stored, which add the resistance R ⁇ 11 as parameters
  • the value that the resistance R ⁇ 11 assumes at the target temperature is thus selected as the resistance target value 12.
  • the control of the resistance heating element 10 by the control 15 takes place in such a way that this resistance setpoint 12 is approximately established.
  • the parameterization of the control / regulation 15 of the resistance heating element 10 is thus completed.
  • the parameters can be stored in a memory 20, for example. Steps 1 and 2 can be done, for example, at the end of the tape
  • the third step represents the control mode of operation of the resistance heating element 10 and is repeated cyclically.
  • the control of the resistance heating element 10 according to the resistance setpoint 12 can, for example, by means of of a transistor 17.
  • the temperature-dependent resistance R ⁇ 11 is continuously detected and compared with its resistance setpoint 12.
  • the transistor 17 switches on or off when the resistance R ⁇ 11 falls below or exceeds certain thresholds, which the resistance setpoint 12 specifies.
  • a duty cycle can also be specified for the transistor 17 as a function of the previous measurement period.
  • the control duration for the next period is changed in connection with the resistance setpoint 12.
  • This third step is carried out in normal operation, for example in a motor vehicle for heating an air quality sensor.
  • FIG. 3 An embodiment of an apparatus for performing the method is shown in Figure 3.
  • the resistor R ⁇ 11 together with the measuring bridge resistors 16 is part of a measuring bridge 22.
  • the measuring bridge resistors 16 are chosen to have a high resistance compared to the resistor R ⁇ 11.
  • the diagonal voltage of the measuring bridge 22 is fed to a comparator 18.
  • the comparator 18 compares the voltage drop across the resistor R ⁇ 11 with a voltage that can be set as a function of the variable resistor 13.
  • the measuring bridge 22 is adjusted via the variable resistor 13 at base temperature.
  • the variable resistor 13 is formed by individual resistors 23 connected in parallel, the values of which increase exponentially, for example from 6 k to 400 k.
  • Each of the individual resistors 23 can be activated by signal processing 19, for example by connecting the individual resistor 23 to be activated to ground.
  • the individual resistors 23 of the variable resistor 13 become dependent on the output signal of the comparator 18 connected in parallel in the desired manner via the control ports of signal processing 19.
  • the signal processor 19 remembers the activated control ports which are assigned to the known individual resistors 23. This information is passed on to the computer 21 via a serial interface.
  • the computer 21 decrypts the variable resistor 13. Taking into account the measuring bridge resistors 16, which are also known, the current resistor R ⁇ 11 can be calculated at the base temperature.
  • the computer 21 determines the resistance setpoint 12, as already explained above.
  • the variable resistance 13 should be selected so that the measuring bridge 22 is balanced. Taking into account the measuring bridge resistances 16, the variable resistor 13 and the associated control of the control ports can be determined. This corresponding activation is sent to the
  • This memory 20 is designed, for example, as an electrically writable and erasable memory. The parameterization is completed with the corresponding activation of the control ports of the signal processing 19.
  • the computer 21 is no longer required for normal operation according to step 3.
  • the diagonal voltage is not measured during a heating phase, caused by the transistor 17 being turned on.
  • the transistor is driven for a fixed period of time. This is followed by a heating break, which is used to detect the diagonal voltage of the measuring bridge 22.
  • the target value corresponds to the actual value.
  • the comparator 18 determines the adjustment and communicates this to the signal processor 19. If the measuring bridge 22 is not balanced, the duration of the heating phase is changed by the signal processing 19. The next heating phase is lengthened or shortened accordingly. Adaptive control to a target temperature is thus achieved.
  • a microcontroller is used, for example, as signal processing 19.

Abstract

Disclosed are an operating procedure related to a resistance heating element (10) and the device for applying same. In a first step, the resistance Rh (11) of the heating element concerned (10) is determined at a given base temperature. In the second step, a set resistance value (12) is determined as compared with the resistance Rh (11) for a given base temperature and temperature coefficients which are also known. The resistance heating element (10) is actuated by setting an approximate resistance value (12) so that said element operates at the set value.

Description

Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Widerstandsheizelementes und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des VerfahrensMethod for operating a resistance heating element and device for carrying out the method
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Widerstandsheizelementes und einer Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens. Es ist Stand der Technik, die für eine Regelung eines Widerstandsheizelementes notwendige Isttemperatur mittels eines separaten Sensors zu erfassen. Diese Sensorelemente können mit gleichbleibender Qualität hergestellt werden. Wird zur Temperaturerfassung der Widerstand des Widerstandsheizelementes verwendet, so weist dieser im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Temperaturfühlern hohe Streuungen auf. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, rationell und gegebenenfalls automatisierbar die für das Betreiben des Widerstandsheizelementes notwendigen Parameter bereitzustellen. Die Aufgabe wird durch die in den unabhängigen Ansprüchen angegebenen Merkmale gelöst .The invention is based on a method for operating a resistance heating element and a device for carrying out the method. It is state of the art to detect the actual temperature required for controlling a resistance heating element by means of a separate sensor. These sensor elements can be manufactured with constant quality. If the resistance of the resistance heating element is used for temperature detection, then this has high scatter compared to conventional temperature sensors. The object of the invention is to provide the parameters necessary for operating the resistance heating element in a rational and possibly automated manner. The object is achieved by the features specified in the independent claims.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Widerstandsheizelementes zeichnet sich insbesondere dadurch aus, daß während eines ersten Schritts ein Widerstand R^ des Widerstandsheizelementes bei einer bekannten Basistemperatur bestimmt wird, daß während eines zweiten Schritts ein Widerstandssollwert in Abhängigkeit von dem Widerstand R^ bei der bekannten Basistemperatur und einem bekannten Temperaturkoeffizienten ermittelt wird und daß die Ansteuerung des Widerstandsheizelementes durch näherungsweise Einstellung dieses Widerstandssollwertes erfolgt. Trotz in der Regel stark streuender Werte des Widerstandes R^ wird dieser Widerstand R^ unter bekannten Bedingungen genau erfaßt. Damit lassen sich die Parameter der Regelung der Steuerung des Widerstandsheizelementes speziell auf diesen Widerstand R^ abstimmen. Es läßt sich die gewünschte Solltemperatur erzielen, weil der Widerstandssollwert in Abhängigkeit von diesem stark schwankenden Widerstand R^ bestimmt wird. Dieser Abgleich läßt sich beispielsweise auch per Software ausführen, weshalb sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren leicht automatisieren läßt. Dies trägt somit insbesondere bei der Serienproduktion zu Kostenersparnis bei. Die Messung des Widerstandes R^ erhöht die Genauigkeit der Temperaturregelung.The method according to the invention for operating a resistance heating element is characterized in particular by the fact that during a first step a resistance R ^ of the resistance heating element at a known base temperature it is determined that during a second step a resistance setpoint is determined as a function of the resistance R ^ at the known base temperature and a known temperature coefficient and that the resistance heating element is controlled by approximately setting this resistance setpoint. Despite the values of the resistance R ^, which are generally widely scattered, this resistance R ^ is precisely recorded under known conditions. This allows the parameters of the regulation of the control of the resistance heating element to be tailored specifically to this resistance R ^. The desired target temperature can be achieved because the resistance target value is determined as a function of this strongly fluctuating resistance R ^. This comparison can also be carried out, for example, by software, which is why the method according to the invention can be easily automated. This contributes to cost savings, particularly in series production. The measurement of the resistance R ^ increases the accuracy of the temperature control.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ist vorgesehen, daß als Basistemperatur die Raumtemperatur verwendet wird. Damit ist ein Parameterabgleich auf die bekannten Bedingungen in der Produktion zgueschnitten. Aufgrund des bekanntenIn an advantageous development it is provided that the room temperature is used as the base temperature. This means that parameters are adjusted to the known conditions in production. Because of the known
Temmperaturkoeffizienten des Widerstandes R^ erübrigt sich eine Aufheizung des Widerstandes R^.Temperature coefficients of the resistance R ^ need not be heated up the resistance R ^.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dient der Durchführung des Verfahrens nach dem Hauptanspruch. Eine Signalverarbeitung ermittelt unter Zuhilfenahme eines variablen Widerstandes den Widerstand R^ bei bekannter Basistemperatur. Durch denselben variablen Widerstand wird ein Widerstandssollwert eingestellt, der in Abhängigkeit von dem Widerstand R^ und dem bekannten Temperaturkoeffizienten des Widerstandes R^ ermittelt ist. Signalverarbeitung und variabler Widerstand tragen somit sowohl zur Parametrierung als auch zum späteren Betrieb des Widerstandsheizelements bei. Der Aufwand für separate Justageeinrichtungen entfällt hiermit.The device according to the invention serves to carry out the method according to the main claim. Signal processing determines the resistance R ^ at a known base temperature with the aid of a variable resistance. The same variable resistor is used to set a resistance setpoint which is a function of the resistor R ^ and the known temperature coefficient of the resistor R ^ is determined. Signal processing and variable resistance thus contribute both to the parameterization and to the later operation of the resistance heating element. This eliminates the need for separate adjustment devices.
Gemäß einer zweckmäßigen Verbesserung ist der Widerstandssollwert in einem Speicher hinterlegt. Der Speicherinhalt kann wieder zu Regelungszwecken abgerufen werden .According to an expedient improvement, the resistance setpoint is stored in a memory. The memory content can be called up again for control purposes.
Eine Weiterbildung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß der Widerstand Rn Teil einer Brückenschaltung ist. Der Widerstand R^ kann beispielsweise durch Brückenabgleich leicht bestimmt werden.A further development is characterized in that the resistor R n is part of a bridge circuit. The resistance R ^ can easily be determined, for example, by bridge adjustment.
In einer weiteren Maßnahme besteht der variable Widerstand aus einzelnen parallel geschalteten, einzeln aktivierbaren Widerständen. Bei hinreichender Genauigkeit ist somit eine kostengünstige Realisierung erreicht.In a further measure, the variable resistor consists of individual resistors connected in parallel and individually activatable. With sufficient accuracy, an economical implementation is achieved.
Bevorzugte Verwendung finden das Verfahren und die Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens bei einem Kraftfahrzeug, das mit einem Luftgütesensor ausgestattet ist. Durch regelmäßiges Beheizen des Luftgütesensors reduziert sich dessen Verschleiß.The method and the device for carrying out the method in a motor vehicle which is equipped with an air quality sensor are preferably used. Regular heating of the air quality sensor reduces its wear.
Weitere zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen aus abhängigen Ansprüchen ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung.Further expedient developments from dependent claims result from the description.
Zeichnungdrawing
Es zeigen Figur 1 ein Blockschaltbild, Figur 2 ein Flußdiagramm und Figur 3 eine Schaltungsanordnung als Ausführungsbeispiele . BeschreibungFIG. 1 shows a block diagram, FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram and FIG. 3 shows a circuit arrangement as exemplary embodiments. description
Ein Widerstandssollwert 12, der von einem variablen Widerstand 13 beinflußt wird, gibt ein Sollsignal 14 an eine Steuerung/Regelung 15 ab. Die Steuerung/Regelung 15 gibtA resistance setpoint 12, which is influenced by a variable resistor 13, outputs a setpoint signal 14 to a control / regulation 15. The control / regulation 15 there
Steuersignale an ein Widerstandsheizelement 10 ab, das einen Widerstand R^ 11 besitzt.Control signals from a resistance heating element 10, which has a resistance R ^ 11.
Während eines ersten Schritts wird der Widerstand R^ 11 bei Basistemperatur bestimmt. Daran schließt sich in einem zweiten Schritt die Bestimmung des Widerstandssollwertes 12 an. In Schritt 3 wird das Widerstandsheizelement gemäß dem Widerstandssollwert 12 angesteuert. Dieser Schritt wiederholt sich.During a first step, the resistance R ^ 11 is determined at base temperature. This is followed in a second step by the determination of the resistance setpoint 12. In step 3, the resistance heating element is driven in accordance with the resistance setpoint 12. This step is repeated.
Eine Meßbrücke 22 besteht aus den Meßbrückenwiderständen 16 und dem Widerstand R^ 11. Sie wird von einer Betriebsspannung Ug versorgt. Die DiagonalSpannung der Meßbrücke 22 wird einem Komparator 18 zugeführt. Zwischen dem invertierenden Eingang des Komparators 18 und Ein-A measuring bridge 22 consists of the measuring bridge resistors 16 and the resistor R ^ 11. It is supplied by an operating voltage Ug. The diagonal voltage of the measuring bridge 22 is fed to a comparator 18. Between the inverting input of comparator 18 and input
/Ausgängen einer Signalverarbeitung 19 liegt der variable Widerstand 13, der aus Einzelwiderständen 23 gebildet wird. Ein Transistor 17 wird von der Signalverarbeitung 19 angesteuert und versorgt den Widerstand R^ 11 mit der Betriebsspannung UB . Mit der Signalverarbeitung 19 sind ein Speicher 20 und ein Rechner 21 verbunden./ Outputs of a signal processing 19 is the variable resistor 13, which is formed from individual resistors 23. A transistor 17 is driven by the signal processing 19 and supplies the resistor R ^ 11 with the operating voltage U B. A memory 20 and a computer 21 are connected to the signal processing 19.
Das Widerstandsheizelement 10 dient beispielsweise dazu, anfällige elektronische Bauteile vor Verschleiß zu bewahren. Insbesondere einen im Kraftfahrzeug angeordnetenThe resistance heating element 10 serves, for example, to protect sensitive electronic components from wear. In particular one arranged in the motor vehicle
Luftgütesensor schützt regelmäßiges Beheizen davor, daß die porösen Strukturen durch Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden. Das Widerstandsheizelement 10 wird hierbei auf konstante Absoluttemperaturen von ca. 300°C aufgeheizt. Als Widerstand R^ 11 des Widerstandsheizelements 10 kann beispielsweise ein Platinwiderstand dienen. Der Widerstand R^ 11 kann dabei sehr stark streuen, mit Fertigungstoleranzen bis zu ± 40% - bezogen auf den angestrebten Wert - muß gerechnet werden. Der Widerstand R^ 11 liegt in der Größenordnung von 50 Ohm. Daneben ist auch der Temperaturkoeffizient des Widerstands Rh 11 bekannt. Ist der Widerstand R^ 11 für eine bestimmte Temperatur bekannt, so läßt sich mit Hilfe des Temperaturkoeffizienten der Widerstand R^ 11 bei Solltemperatur von beispielsweise 300°C bestimmen.Air quality sensor prevents regular heating from the fact that the porous structures are affected by the penetration of moisture. The resistance heating element 10 is heated to constant absolute temperatures of approximately 300 ° C. As resistance R ^ 11 des Resistance heating element 10 can serve, for example, a platinum resistor. The resistance R ^ 11 can scatter very strongly, with manufacturing tolerances of up to ± 40% - based on the desired value - must be expected. The resistance R ^ 11 is of the order of 50 ohms. The temperature coefficient of the resistance Rh 11 is also known. If the resistance R ^ 11 is known for a certain temperature, the resistance R ^ 11 can be determined with the temperature coefficient at a set temperature of, for example, 300 ° C.
Mit Hilfe der Steuerung/Regelung 15 wird der Widerstand R^. 11 auf die gewünschte Solltemperatur aufgeheizt. Das Sollsignal 14, das der gewünschten Solltemperatur entspricht, läßt sich beispielsweise durch einenWith the help of the controller 15, the resistance R ^ . 11 heated to the desired temperature. The target signal 14, which corresponds to the desired target temperature, can be, for example, by a
Widerstandssollwert 12, der von einem variablen Widerstand 13 gebildet werden kann, vorgeben. Als Sollsignale 14 könnten ebenfalls dem Widerstandssollwert 12 proportionale Spannungen oder Ströme vorgesehen sein. Als variabler Widerstand 13 kommen ein Potentiometer oder ein Widerstandsnetzwerk, bestehend aus mehrerenPreset resistance setpoint 12, which can be formed by a variable resistor 13. Voltages or currents proportional to the resistance target value 12 could also be provided as target signals 14. A variable resistor 13 is a potentiometer or a resistance network consisting of several
Einzelwiderständen 23, zum Einsatz. Die Einzelwiderstände 23 eines Widerstandsnetzwerks lassen sich einzeln zu- oder abschalten. Damit wird der variable Widerstand über diskrete Stufen eingestellt. Ebenso läßt sich mit Hilfe gesteuerter Strom- oder Spannungsquellen ein analoges oder digitales Sollsignal 14 vorgeben.Individual resistors 23, for use. The individual resistors 23 of a resistance network can be switched on or off individually. The variable resistance is set using discrete steps. Likewise, with the aid of controlled current or voltage sources, an analog or digital target signal 14 can be specified.
Die Einstellung der zum Betreiben des Widerstandsheiz- elements 10 notwendigen Parameter erfolgt in mehrerenThe parameters required to operate the resistance heating element 10 are set in several
Schritten. Während eines ersten Schritts wird der Widerstand Rh 11 bei einer bekannten Basistemperatur ermittelt. Als Basistemperatur dienen beispielsweise Raumtemperatur oder die Temperatur, die am Ende des Produktionsprozesses des Widerstandsheizelements 10 herrscht. Die Vorgehensweise zur Widerstandsermittlung ist bekannt. Ist der Widerstand R^ 11 beispielsweise Teil einer Meßbrücke 22, so kann diese mittels eines variablen Widerstands 13 abgeglichen werden. Der Widerstand R^ 11 berechnet sich dann in Abhängigkeit von dem variablen Widerstand 13. Bei starken Schwankungen der Basistemperatur ist es sinnvoll, diese gesondert zu erfassen.Steps. During a first step, the resistance Rh 11 is determined at a known base temperature. For example, room temperature or the temperature prevailing at the end of the production process of the resistance heating element 10 serve as the base temperature. The procedure for Resistance determination is known. If the resistor R ^ 11 is part of a measuring bridge 22, for example, this can be adjusted by means of a variable resistor 13. The resistance R ^ 11 is then calculated as a function of the variable resistance 13. In the event of strong fluctuations in the base temperature, it makes sense to record this separately.
Ist der Widerstand R^ 11 bei Basistemperatur bestimmt, schließt sich Schritt 2 an. Mit Hilfe des bekanntenIf the resistance R ^ 11 is determined at base temperature, step 2 follows. With the help of the known
Temperaturkoeffizienten des Widerstands R^ 11 wird der Widerstand R^ 11 berechnet, der sich theoretisch bei der gewünschten Solltemperatur einstellt. Hierzu können verschiedene Widerstands-Temperatur-Kennlinien hinterlegt sein, die als Parameter den Widerstand R^ 11 beiTemperature coefficient of resistance R ^ 11, the resistance R ^ 11 is calculated, which theoretically occurs at the desired target temperature. For this purpose, various resistance-temperature characteristic curves can be stored, which add the resistance R ^ 11 as parameters
Basistemperatur aufweisen. Als Widerstandssollwert 12 ist somit der Wert gewählt, den der Widerstand R^ 11 bei Solltemperatur annimmt. Die Ansteuerung des Widerstandsheizelements 10 durch die Steuerung/Regelung 15 erfolgt so, daß dieser Widerstandssollwert 12 sich näherungsweise einstellt. Die Parametrierung der Steuerung/Regelung 15 des Widerstandsheizelements 10 ist damit abgeschlossen. Die Parameter können beispielsweise in einem Speicher 20 hinterlegt werden. Die Schritte 1 und 2 lassen sich beispielsweise am Bandende desHave base temperature. The value that the resistance R ^ 11 assumes at the target temperature is thus selected as the resistance target value 12. The control of the resistance heating element 10 by the control 15 takes place in such a way that this resistance setpoint 12 is approximately established. The parameterization of the control / regulation 15 of the resistance heating element 10 is thus completed. The parameters can be stored in a memory 20, for example. Steps 1 and 2 can be done, for example, at the end of the tape
Herstellungsprozesses der Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens vornehmen. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt ist auch auf Hilfsmittel zur Berechnung des Widerstandssollwertes 12 zurückzugreifen, die zum Betreiben des Widerstandsheizelements 10 nicht nötig sind.Make the manufacturing process of the device for performing the method. At this time, tools for calculating the resistance setpoint 12 are also to be used, which are not necessary for operating the resistance heating element 10.
Der dritte Schritt stellt den Regelbetriebsfall des Widerstandsheizelementes 10 dar und wird zyklisch wiederholt. Die Ansteuerung des Widerstandsheizelementes 10 gemäß dem Widerstandssollwert 12 kann beispielsweise mittels eines Transistors 17 erfolgen. Der temperaturabhängige Widerstand R^ 11 wird hierbei ständig erfaßt und mit seinem Widerstandssollwert 12 verglichen. Der Transistor 17 schaltet ein bzw. aus, wenn der Widerstand R^ 11 bestimmte Schwellen, die der Widerstandssollwert 12 vorgibt, unter- bzw. überschreitet. Dem Transistor 17 kann auch eine Einschaltdauer vorgegeben werden in Abhängigkeit von der vorher liegenden Meßperiode. In Abhängigkeit von dem Widerstand R^ 11 wird in Verbindung mit dem Widerstandssollwert 12 die Ansteuerdauer für die nächste Periode verändert. Dieser dritte Schritt wird im Normalbetrieb ausgeführt, beispielsweise in einem Kraftfahrzeug zur Beheizung eines Luftgütesensors.The third step represents the control mode of operation of the resistance heating element 10 and is repeated cyclically. The control of the resistance heating element 10 according to the resistance setpoint 12 can, for example, by means of of a transistor 17. The temperature-dependent resistance R ^ 11 is continuously detected and compared with its resistance setpoint 12. The transistor 17 switches on or off when the resistance R ^ 11 falls below or exceeds certain thresholds, which the resistance setpoint 12 specifies. A duty cycle can also be specified for the transistor 17 as a function of the previous measurement period. Depending on the resistance R ^ 11, the control duration for the next period is changed in connection with the resistance setpoint 12. This third step is carried out in normal operation, for example in a motor vehicle for heating an air quality sensor.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens ist in Figur 3 gezeigt. Der Widerstand R^ 11 ist zusammen mit den Meßbrückenwiderständen 16 Teil einer Meßbrücke 22. Die Meßbrückenwiderstände 16 werden im Vergleich zum Widerstand R^ 11 hochohmig gewählt. Die DiagonalSpannung der Meßbrücke 22 ist einem Komparator 18 zugeführt. Der Komparator 18 vergleicht die am Widerstand R^ 11 abfallende Spannung mit einer Spannung, die in Abhängigkeit von dem variablen Widerstand 13 einstellbar ist.An embodiment of an apparatus for performing the method is shown in Figure 3. The resistor R ^ 11 together with the measuring bridge resistors 16 is part of a measuring bridge 22. The measuring bridge resistors 16 are chosen to have a high resistance compared to the resistor R ^ 11. The diagonal voltage of the measuring bridge 22 is fed to a comparator 18. The comparator 18 compares the voltage drop across the resistor R ^ 11 with a voltage that can be set as a function of the variable resistor 13.
Während des ersten Schritts wird bei Basistemperatur die Meßbrücke 22 über den variablen Widerstand 13 abgeglichen. Der variable Widerstand 13 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel durch parallel geschaltete Einzelwiderstände 23 gebildet, deren Werte beispielsweise von 6 k bis hin zu 400 k eκponentiell zunehmen. Jeder der Einzelwiderstände 23 kann durch die Signalverarbeitung 19 aktiviert werden, indem beispielsweise der zu aktivierende Einzelwiderstand 23 auf Masse gelegt wird. In Abhängigkeit vom Ausgangssignal des Komparators 18 werden die Einzelwiderstände 23 des variablen Widerstands 13 über die Steuerports der Signalverarbeitung 19 in gewünschter Weise parallel geschaltet. Ist die Meßbrücke 22 abgeglichen, so merkt sich die Signalverarbeitung 19 die aktivierten Steuerports, die den bekannten Einzelwiderständen 23 zugeordnet sind. Diese Informationen werden über eine serielle Schnittstelle dem Rechner 21 weitergegeben. Der Rechner 21 entschlüsselt in Abhängigkeit von der Aktivierung der Steuerports den variablen Widerstand 13. Unter Berücksichtigung der ebenfalls bekannten Meßbrückenwiderstände 16 läßt sich der aktuelle Widerstand R^ 11 bei Basistemperatur berechnen.During the first step, the measuring bridge 22 is adjusted via the variable resistor 13 at base temperature. In the exemplary embodiment, the variable resistor 13 is formed by individual resistors 23 connected in parallel, the values of which increase exponentially, for example from 6 k to 400 k. Each of the individual resistors 23 can be activated by signal processing 19, for example by connecting the individual resistor 23 to be activated to ground. The individual resistors 23 of the variable resistor 13 become dependent on the output signal of the comparator 18 connected in parallel in the desired manner via the control ports of signal processing 19. If the measuring bridge 22 is adjusted, the signal processor 19 remembers the activated control ports which are assigned to the known individual resistors 23. This information is passed on to the computer 21 via a serial interface. Depending on the activation of the control ports, the computer 21 decrypts the variable resistor 13. Taking into account the measuring bridge resistors 16, which are also known, the current resistor R ^ 11 can be calculated at the base temperature.
Daraufhin ermittelt der Rechner 21 den Widerstandssollwert 12, wie bereits oben erläutert. Bei dem für die Solltemperatur berechneten Widerstand R^ 11 soll der variable Widerstand 13 so gewählt werden, daß die Meßbrücke 22 abgeglichen ist. Unter Berücksichtigung der Meßbrückenwiderstände 16 läßt sich der variable Widerstand 13 und die zugehörige Ansteuerung der Steuerports bestimmen. Diese korrespondierende Aktivierung wird an dieThe computer 21 then determines the resistance setpoint 12, as already explained above. In the case of the resistance R ^ 11 calculated for the target temperature, the variable resistance 13 should be selected so that the measuring bridge 22 is balanced. Taking into account the measuring bridge resistances 16, the variable resistor 13 and the associated control of the control ports can be determined. This corresponding activation is sent to the
Signalverarbeitung 19 weitergegeben, ebenso wie der Widerstandssollwert 12, der wiederum in einem Speicher 20 hinterlegt werden kann. Dieser Speicher 20 ist beispielsweise als elektrisch beschreib- und löschbarer Speicher ausgelegt. Die Parametrierung ist mit der entsprechenden Ansteuerung der Steuerports der Signalverarbeitung 19 abgeschlossen.Signal processing 19 passed on, as well as the resistance setpoint 12, which in turn can be stored in a memory 20. This memory 20 is designed, for example, as an electrically writable and erasable memory. The parameterization is completed with the corresponding activation of the control ports of the signal processing 19.
Für den Normalbetrieb gemäß Schritt 3 ist der Rechner 21 nun nicht mehr erforderlich. Während einer Heizphase, hervorgerufen durch Durchsteuern des Transistors 17, erfolgt keine Messung der Diagonalspannung. Der Transistor wird für eine festgelegte Zeitspanne angesteuert. Daran schließt sich eine Heizpause an, die dazu verwendet wird, die DiagonalSpannung der Meßbrücke 22 zu erfassen. Ist die Meßbrücke 22 abgeglichen, so stimmt der Soll- mit dem Istwert überein. Den Abgleich stellt der Komparator 18 fest und teilt dies der Signalverarbeitung 19 mit. Bei unabgeglichener Meßbrücke 22 wird die Dauer der Heizphase verändert durch die Signalverarbeitung 19. Die nächste Heizphase verlängert oder verkürzt sich entsprechend. Somit ist eine adaptive Regelung auf eine Solltemperatur erreicht. Als Signalverarbeitung 19 kommt beispielsweise ein MikroController zum Einsatz. The computer 21 is no longer required for normal operation according to step 3. The diagonal voltage is not measured during a heating phase, caused by the transistor 17 being turned on. The transistor is driven for a fixed period of time. This is followed by a heating break, which is used to detect the diagonal voltage of the measuring bridge 22. Is the Calibrated measuring bridge 22, the target value corresponds to the actual value. The comparator 18 determines the adjustment and communicates this to the signal processor 19. If the measuring bridge 22 is not balanced, the duration of the heating phase is changed by the signal processing 19. The next heating phase is lengthened or shortened accordingly. Adaptive control to a target temperature is thus achieved. A microcontroller is used, for example, as signal processing 19.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Widerstandsheizelements (10) mit einem Widerstand R^ (11) , wobei das1. A method for operating a resistance heating element (10) with a resistor R ^ (11), which
Widerstandsheizelement (10) auf eine vorgegebene Solltemperatur zu heizen ist, mit den Merkmalen:Resistance heating element (10) is to be heated to a predetermined target temperature, with the features:
- während eines ersten Schritts wird der Widerstand R^ (11) des Widerstandsheizelements (10) bei einer bekannten Basistemperatur bestimmt,during a first step, the resistance R ^ (11) of the resistance heating element (10) is determined at a known base temperature,
- während eines zweiten Schritts wird ein Widerstandssoll- wert (12) in Abhängigkeit von dem Widerstand R^ (11) bei bekannter Basistemperatur und einem bekannten Temperaturkoeffizienten ermittelt,during a second step, a resistance setpoint (12) is determined as a function of the resistance R ^ (11) at a known base temperature and a known temperature coefficient,
- die Ansteuerung des Widerstandsheizelements (10) erfolgt durch näherungsweise Einstellung dieses Widerstandssoll- wertes (12) , um das Widerstandsheizelement (10) auf die vorgegebene Solltemperatur zu heizen.- The resistance heating element (10) is activated by approximately setting this resistance setpoint (12) in order to heat the resistance heating element (10) to the predetermined target temperature.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Basistemperatur Raumtemperatur verwendet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that room temperature is used as the base temperature.
3. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einer SignalVerarbeitung (19), einem variablen Widerstand (13), dem Widerstandsheizelement (10) mit dem Widerstand R^ (11) , wobei das Widerstandsheizelement (10) auf die vorgegebene Solltemperatur zu heizen ist, und einer Steuerung/Regelung (15) , die einen dieser Solltemperatur entsprechenden Widerstandssollwert (12) erhält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Signalverarbeitung (19) den Widerstand R^ (11) des Widerstandsheizelementes (10) bei der bekannten3. Device for performing the method according to one of the preceding claims, with a signal processing (19), a variable resistor (13), the resistance heating element (10) with the resistance R ^ (11), the resistance heating element (10) to the predetermined Setpoint temperature is to be heated, and a control system (15) which receives a resistance setpoint (12) corresponding to this setpoint temperature, characterized in that the signal processing (19) the resistance R ^ (11) of the resistance heating element (10) in the known
Basistemperatur mittels variablen Widerstand (13) bestimmt, daß der Widerstandssollwert (12) in Abhängigkeit von dem Widerstand R^ (11) bei der bekannten Basistemperatur und dem bekannten Temperaturkoeffizienten des Widerstandes R^ (11) ermittelt ist, und daß dieser Widerstandssollwert (12) durch den variablen Widerstand (13) einstellbar ist.Base temperature by means of a variable resistor (13) determines that the resistance setpoint (12) is determined as a function of the resistance R ^ (11) at the known base temperature and the known temperature coefficient of the resistor R ^ (11), and that this resistance setpoint (12) is adjustable by the variable resistor (13).
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Widerstandssollwert (12) in einem Speicher (20) hinterlegt ist.4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the resistance setpoint (12) is stored in a memory (20).
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Widerstand R^ (11) Teil einer Meßbrücke (22) ist.5. Device according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the resistance R ^ (11) is part of a measuring bridge (22).
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der variable Widerstand (13) aus einzelnen parallel geschalteten Einzelwiderständen (23) besteht, die einzeln aktivierbar sind.6. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the variable resistor (13) consists of individual parallel resistors (23) which can be activated individually.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einzelwiderstände (23) einzeln durch die Signalverarbeitung (19) aktivierbar sind.7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the individual resistors (23) can be activated individually by the signal processing (19).
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Diagonalspannung der Meßbrücke (22) einem Komparator (18) zugeführt ist.8. Device according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the diagonal voltage of the measuring bridge (22) is fed to a comparator (18).
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an einem Eingang des Komparators (18) eine vom Widerstand R^ (11) beeinflusste Größe und an dem anderen Eingang des Komparators (18) eine vom variablen Widerstand (13) beeinflusste Größe anliegen.9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that at an input of the comparator (18) one of the resistor R ^ (11) influenced variable and at the other input of the comparator (18) there is a variable influenced by the variable resistor (13).
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach der Ansteuerung des Widerstandsheizelementes (10) mit der Zeit Tl eine Meßphase folgt, während der die Zeit Tl in Abhängigkeit von dem Widerstand R^ (11) festgelegt ist.10. Device according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that after the control of the resistance heating element (10) with the time Tl follows a measuring phase during which the time Tl is determined as a function of the resistance R ^ (11).
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Widerstandssollwert (12) am Ende des Produktionsprozesses ermittelt ist.11. Device according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the resistance setpoint (12) is determined at the end of the production process.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 11, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung in einem Kraftfahrzeug zur Beheizung eines Luftgütesensors. 12. The device according to one of claims 3 to 11, characterized by the use in a motor vehicle for heating an air quality sensor.
EP97945730A 1996-12-03 1997-10-10 Operating procedure related to a resistance heating element and device for applying same Ceased EP0943077A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19650038A DE19650038A1 (en) 1996-12-03 1996-12-03 Method for operating a resistance heating element and device for carrying out the method
DE19650038 1996-12-03
PCT/DE1997/002316 WO1998025114A1 (en) 1996-12-03 1997-10-10 Operating procedure related to a resistance heating element and device for applying same

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US6307187B1 (en) 2001-10-23

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