EP0942439B1 - Fire resistant halogen-free safety cable - Google Patents
Fire resistant halogen-free safety cable Download PDFInfo
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- EP0942439B1 EP0942439B1 EP19990400527 EP99400527A EP0942439B1 EP 0942439 B1 EP0942439 B1 EP 0942439B1 EP 19990400527 EP19990400527 EP 19990400527 EP 99400527 A EP99400527 A EP 99400527A EP 0942439 B1 EP0942439 B1 EP 0942439B1
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- fire
- composition
- insulation
- cable
- electrical conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a security cable, fire resistant and halogen-free, capable of working properly for a period of time given in fire conditions, without being propagating fire or generator of significant fumes or halogenated gases.
- These cables safety cables are in particular energy transmission cables or low frequency transmission, such as control or signal cables.
- JP-A-31 10713 discloses an electric cable comprising a fire resistant barrier between electrical conductor insulation and sheathing halogen-free electric cable.
- This barrier is produced by a ribbon containing sodium carbonate or sodium hydrocarbonate which emits carbon dioxide from around 400 ° C and has a self-extinguishing action on fire.
- WO 86/03 329 discloses the use of one or more taping containing glass fibers and / or mica, to make a barrier of fire resistance around an electrical conductor.
- compositions halogen-free and resistant to fire usable as insulation and / or sheathing in the field of cables electric.
- Patents EP-A-54424 and EP-A-82407 disclose such composition, comprising a mixture formed of a first elastomer component and a second plastomer component, a mineral filler containing a metal hydroxide, and optionally carboxylic groups.
- the proportion of metal hydroxide is 180 to 320% by weight relative to the weight of the mixing, making the composition fire retardant and non-propagating.
- thermoplastic composition of same type for the sheathing of a cable comprising a mixture of an elastomer and a plastomer and 150 to 250% by weight of metal hydroxide filler in the mixture.
- This mixture does not contain carboxylic acid groups related to said charge. It is formed from 20 to 35% by weight of copolymer polyethylene / vinyl acetate and from 65 to 80% by weight of copolymer ethylene / vinyl acetate.
- Document FR-A-2 241 580 discloses another composition similarly type, which comprises a polyethylene / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, of hydrated alumina, a silicone elastomer and possible additives and agents coupling according to the required properties and which is crosslinked using a peroxide tertiary.
- the proportions by weight of hydrated alumina are from 25 to 150 parts, silicone elastomer from 2 to 25 parts and tertiary organic peroxide from 2 10 parts, per 100 parts of copolymer.
- Document GB-A-2 060 652 describes another composition of this same type, comprising an organic polymer, in particular an ethylene copolymer, a polysiloxane, a salt of a carboxylic acid of a Group II A metal and possible additives such as in particular silica and other retarding compounds of fire.
- Document FR-A- 2 601 377 discloses a composition also of same type, with ceramic forming agents.
- This composition comprises a polydiorgonasiloxane, in particular with methyl and vinyl groups, a reinforcing silica filler, a copolymer of siloxane and silica units and hydrocarbon groups, for example with methyl, ethyl, vinyl and phenyl groups, mica in the form of particles or pulverized, and an organic peroxide.
- the proportion of mica is 40 to 220 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polydiorganosiloxane.
- Document FR-A-2 450 855 also discloses a composition fire resistant siloxane which converts to a resistant ceramic substance and homogeneous on exposure to temperatures above 500 ° C.
- This composition contains a ceramic filler which is chosen among a large number of such existing natural or synthetic fillers and used in the form of a fine powder to be dispersed in the composition.
- the proportion of ceramic filler can be 3 to 300 parts by weight in the composition. It is defined according to the ceramic property desired composition when exposed to high temperatures of a fire and the desired flexibility of this composition at temperatures normal use.
- compositions containing a filler of metallic hydroxide transforms into residual ash under the action of fire but do not allow the integrity of the cable to be preserved.
- the compositions containing a ceramic filler allow by against preserving the integrity of the cable. They are relatively high cost by compared to polyolefin compositions containing mineral fillers. They are also less flexible than the latter.
- the aim of the present invention is to improve the reliability of the behavior the fire of a safety cable, maintaining the resistivity as much as possible and the volume resistivity of the insulation composition, or minimizing the fall of these resistivities, while the insulation composition is exposed to the high temperatures of a fire.
- an electrical safety cable, fire resistant and without halogen comprising at least one electrical conductor, insulation around each conductor and an outer sheath, in which at least one of the parts components defined by the insulation of each electrical conductor and by the sheath exterior is made of a first composition made of a material polymer containing at least one ceramic filler and thus suitable to be converted at least superficially into the state of ceramic at high temperatures corresponding to fire conditions, characterized in that the insulation of each electrical conductor is alone carried out in said first composition, empty spaces are provided between said sheath and said insulation of each electrical conductor, and said sheath is produced in a second polyolefinic composition containing at least one metal hydroxide chage to burn completely and turn into residual ash under the action of fire.
- said second composition of said sheath comprises in addition an additional binder reducing the drop flow during its combustion but remaining insufficient for the transformation of said second composition in the state of ceramic given the fire conditions.
- the polymeric material is a polysiloxane or an ethylene copolymer or a mixture of the two.
- the cables shown have two or three electrical conductors 1, insulation 2 around each electrical conductor and an outer sheath 3. This outer sheath provides empty spaces 4 between it and the isolated conductors it surrounds.
- the insulation 2 around each conductor is made of a polymer composition formed from a polysiloxane and / or a ethylene copolymer and containing in particular a formative filler of ceramic due to the high temperatures of a fire.
- the outer sheath 3 is in turn produced in a polyolefinic composition containing mineral fillers likely to turn into residual ash under the effect high temperatures of a fire.
- the empty spaces occupy at least 10% of the cable section. These empty spaces favor the complete combustion of this cladding subjected to fire, made of the presence of oxygen in these spaces, and the transformation of this cladding as residual ash coming off the insulation of the conductors. They prefer simultaneously the evacuation of part of the carbon contained in the compositions sheathing and insulation subjected to the high temperatures of the fire, under form of gas resulting from the combination of carbon and oxygen. This carbon thus evacuated does not settle on the insulation, while this passes to the less superficially in the state of ceramic. However, it was noted that this presence of carbon in the cable during its combustion has an influence decisive and harmful on the volume resistivity and the surface resistivity of insulation of electrical conductors. The decrease in the amount of carbon present in the cable during its combustion allows the maintenance of its resistance isolation to a level sufficient for it to continue to function properly.
- the combustion thus favored of this cladding and its complete and relatively rapid transformation into residual ash means that the insulation quickly passes at least superficially to the state of ceramic and therefore ensures the maintenance of the physical integrity of the cable under the conditions fire.
- the duration of the transitional phase between 400 to 600 ° C is reduced by this transformation at least superficial in the ceramic state, to minimize possible macrocracks which may appear during this phase transient.
- This complete combustion of the cladding in polyoffinic composition takes place at low emission of toxic fumes and gases and without propagation of the fire.
- the cladding composition can also include a binder, in particular a ceramic filler then used in low proportion in the sheathing composition, to avoid the drop flow during its combustion and thus avoid a possible spread of fire but without leading to a change in the state of this composition in ceramic.
- a binder in particular a ceramic filler then used in low proportion in the sheathing composition, to avoid the drop flow during its combustion and thus avoid a possible spread of fire but without leading to a change in the state of this composition in ceramic.
- the desired presence of empty spaces between the insulation of each electrical conductor and the sheathing of the cable leads to a gain of the quantities of the composition which is used for the sheathing not coming fill natural spaces in a multi-conductor cable structure isolated. The cost and the release of smoke and gas are thereby reduced.
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Description
La présente invention porte sur un câble de sécurité, résistant au feu et sans halogène, susceptible de fonctionner correctement pendant un laps de temps donné dans des conditions d'incendie, sans être pour autant propagateur d'incendie ni générateur de fumées importantes ni de gaz halogénés. Ces câbles de sécurité sont en particulier des câbles de transport d'énergie ou des câbles de transmission basse fréquence, tels que des câbles de contrôle ou de signalisation.The present invention relates to a security cable, fire resistant and halogen-free, capable of working properly for a period of time given in fire conditions, without being propagating fire or generator of significant fumes or halogenated gases. These cables safety cables are in particular energy transmission cables or low frequency transmission, such as control or signal cables.
Ces exigences excluent l'utilisation de matériaux tels que le PVC et les polymères fluorés dans les câbles. Elles ont conduit à l'utilisation de barrière sans halogène de haute résistance au feu autour de chaque conducteur électrique ou entre l'isolation de chaque conducteur électrique et le gainage du câble, ou de compositions plastiques sans halogènes et résistantes au feu en tant que matériau d'isolation et/ou de gainage.These requirements exclude the use of materials such as PVC and fluoropolymers in cables. They led to the use of barrier without halogen with high fire resistance around each electrical conductor or between the insulation of each electrical conductor and the sheathing of the cable, or halogen-free and fire-resistant plastic compositions as a material insulation and / or sheathing.
L'abrégé du JP-A-31 10713 divulgue un câble électrique comportant une barrière résistante au feu entre l'isolation du conducteur électrique et le gainage sans halogène d'un câble électrique. Cette barrière est réalisée par un ruban contenant un carbonate de sodium ou un hydrocarbonate de sodium qui émet du dioxyde de carbone à partir de 400°C environ et a une action d'auto-extinction du feu.The abstract of JP-A-31 10713 discloses an electric cable comprising a fire resistant barrier between electrical conductor insulation and sheathing halogen-free electric cable. This barrier is produced by a ribbon containing sodium carbonate or sodium hydrocarbonate which emits carbon dioxide from around 400 ° C and has a self-extinguishing action on fire.
Le document WO 86/03 329 divulgue l'utilisation d'un ou de plusieurs rubanages contenant des fibres de verre et/ou du mica, pour réaliser une barrière de résistance au feu autour d'un conducteur électrique.WO 86/03 329 discloses the use of one or more taping containing glass fibers and / or mica, to make a barrier of fire resistance around an electrical conductor.
La réalisation de ces barrières de résistance au feu donne lieu à une ou des étapes supplémentaires de mise en oeuvre relativement longues et onéreuses, lors de la fabrication du câble. Dans la pratique, l'utilisation de composition d'isolation et/ou de gainage sans halogène et résistante au feu mise en oeuvre par extrusion est souvent préférée, pour éviter des étapes de mise en oeuvre de rubanages.The realization of these fire resistance barriers gives rise to one or more relatively long and expensive additional implementation steps, during the manufacture of the cable. In practice, the use of composition insulation and / or sheathing halogen-free and fire-resistant implemented by extrusion is often preferred, to avoid stages of implementation of rubanages.
On connaít de nombreuses compositions sans halogène et résistantes au feu, utilisables en tant qu'isolation et/ou gainage dans le domaine des câbles électriques.We know many compositions halogen-free and resistant to fire, usable as insulation and / or sheathing in the field of cables electric.
Les documents EP-A-54424 et EP-A-82407 divulguent une telle composition, comportant un mélange formé d'un premier composant élastomère et d'un deuxième composant plastomère, une charge minérale contenant un hydroxyde métallique, et éventuellement des groupes carboxyliques. La proportion d'hydroxyde métallique est de 180 à 320% en poids par rapport au poids du mélange, rendant la composition retardatrice et non-propagatrice du feu.Documents EP-A-54424 and EP-A-82407 disclose such composition, comprising a mixture formed of a first elastomer component and a second plastomer component, a mineral filler containing a metal hydroxide, and optionally carboxylic groups. The proportion of metal hydroxide is 180 to 320% by weight relative to the weight of the mixing, making the composition fire retardant and non-propagating.
La demande EP-A-0448381 divulgue une composition thermoplastique de même type pour le gainage d'un câble, comportant un mélange d'un élastomère et d'un plastomère et de 150 à 250% en poids de charge d'hydroxyde métallique dans le mélange. Ce mélange ne contient pas de groupes acides carboxyliques liés à ladite charge. Il est formé de 20 à 35% en poids de copolymère polyéthylène/acétate de vinyle et de 65 à 80% en poids de copolymère éthylène/acétate de vinyle.Application EP-A-0448381 discloses a thermoplastic composition of same type for the sheathing of a cable, comprising a mixture of an elastomer and a plastomer and 150 to 250% by weight of metal hydroxide filler in the mixture. This mixture does not contain carboxylic acid groups related to said charge. It is formed from 20 to 35% by weight of copolymer polyethylene / vinyl acetate and from 65 to 80% by weight of copolymer ethylene / vinyl acetate.
Le document FR-A-2 241 580 divulgue une autre composition de même type, qui comporte un copolymère polyéthylène/éthylène-acétate de vinyle, de l'alumine hydratée, un élastomère de silicone et d'éventuels additifs et agents de couplage selon les propriétés requises et qui est réticulée à l'aide d'un peroxyde tertiaire. Les proportions en poids d'alumine hydratée sont de 25 à 150 parties, d'élastomère de silicone de 2 à 25 parties et de peroxyde organique tertiaire de 2 à 10 parties, pour 100 parties de copolymère.Document FR-A-2 241 580 discloses another composition similarly type, which comprises a polyethylene / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, of hydrated alumina, a silicone elastomer and possible additives and agents coupling according to the required properties and which is crosslinked using a peroxide tertiary. The proportions by weight of hydrated alumina are from 25 to 150 parts, silicone elastomer from 2 to 25 parts and tertiary organic peroxide from 2 10 parts, per 100 parts of copolymer.
Le document GB-A-2 060 652 décrit une autre composition de ce même type, comportant un polymère organique en particulier un copolymère d'éthylène, un polysiloxane, un sel d'un acide carboxylique d'un métal du Groupe II A et de possibles additifs tels que notamment de la silice et autres composés retardateurs de feu.Document GB-A-2 060 652 describes another composition of this same type, comprising an organic polymer, in particular an ethylene copolymer, a polysiloxane, a salt of a carboxylic acid of a Group II A metal and possible additives such as in particular silica and other retarding compounds of fire.
Le document FR-A- 2 601 377 divulgue une composition également de même type, à agents formateurs de matière céramique. Cette composition comporte un polydiorgonasiloxane notamment à groupes méthyle et vinyle, une charge de silice de renforcement, un copolymère de motifs siloxane et silice et à groupes d'hydrocarbure, par exemple à groupes méthyle, éthyle, vinyle et phényle, du mica sous forme de particules ou pulvérisé, et un peroxyde organique. La proportion de mica est de 40 à 220 parties en poids pour 100 parties en poids du polydiorganosiloxane.Document FR-A- 2 601 377 discloses a composition also of same type, with ceramic forming agents. This composition comprises a polydiorgonasiloxane, in particular with methyl and vinyl groups, a reinforcing silica filler, a copolymer of siloxane and silica units and hydrocarbon groups, for example with methyl, ethyl, vinyl and phenyl groups, mica in the form of particles or pulverized, and an organic peroxide. The proportion of mica is 40 to 220 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polydiorganosiloxane.
Le document FR-A-2 450 855 divulgue également une composition siloxane résistante au feu qui se convertit en une substance céramique résistante et homogène à l'exposition à des températures supérieures à 500°C. Cette composition contient une charge formatrice de matière céramique qui est choisie parmi un grand nombre de telles charges naturelles ou synthétiques existantes et utilisées à l'état de poudre fine pour être dispersée dans la composition. La proportion de charge formatrice de céramique peut être de 3 à 300 parts en poids dans la composition. Elle est définie en fonction de la propriété céramique souhaitée de la composition lorsque celle-ci est exposée aux hautes températures d'un incendie et de la flexibilité souhaitée de cette composition aux températures normales d'utilisation.Document FR-A-2 450 855 also discloses a composition fire resistant siloxane which converts to a resistant ceramic substance and homogeneous on exposure to temperatures above 500 ° C. This composition contains a ceramic filler which is chosen among a large number of such existing natural or synthetic fillers and used in the form of a fine powder to be dispersed in the composition. The proportion of ceramic filler can be 3 to 300 parts by weight in the composition. It is defined according to the ceramic property desired composition when exposed to high temperatures of a fire and the desired flexibility of this composition at temperatures normal use.
Parmi les diverses compositions d'isolation et/ou de gainage déjà connues telles que celles indiquées ci-avant, les compositions contenant une charge minérales d'hydroxyde métallique se transforment en cendres résiduelles sous l'action du feu mais ne permettent pas de préserver l'intégrité du câble. Les compositions contenant une charge formatrice de céramique permettent par contre de préserver l'intégrité du câble. Elles sont de coût relativement élevé par rapport aux compositions polyoléfiniques contenant des charges minérales. Elles sont également moins flexibles que ces dernières.Among the various insulation and / or sheathing compositions already known such as those indicated above, the compositions containing a filler of metallic hydroxide transforms into residual ash under the action of fire but do not allow the integrity of the cable to be preserved. The compositions containing a ceramic filler allow by against preserving the integrity of the cable. They are relatively high cost by compared to polyolefin compositions containing mineral fillers. They are also less flexible than the latter.
Le but de la présente invention est d'améliorer la fiabilité du comportement au feu d'un câble de sécurité, en maintenant autant que possible la résistivité superficielle et la résistivité volumique de la composition d'isolation, ou en minimisant la chute de ces résistivités, alors que la composition d'isolation est exposée aux hautes températures d'un incendie.The aim of the present invention is to improve the reliability of the behavior the fire of a safety cable, maintaining the resistivity as much as possible and the volume resistivity of the insulation composition, or minimizing the fall of these resistivities, while the insulation composition is exposed to the high temperatures of a fire.
Elle a pour objet un câble électrique de sécurité, résistant au feu et sans halogène, comportant au moins un conducteur électrique, une isolation autour de chaque conducteur et une gaine extérieure, dans lequel au moins l'une des parties constitutives définies par l'isolation de chaque conducteur électrique et par la gaine extérieure est réalisée en une première composition formée d'une matière polymérique contenant au moins une charge formatrice de céramique et ainsi apte à se convertir au moins superficiellement en l'état de céramique à des hautes températures correspondant à des conditions d'incendie, caractérisé en ce que l'isolation de chaque conducteur électrique est seule réalisée en ladite première composition, des espaces vides sont prévus entre ladite gaine et ladite isolation de chaque conducteur électrique, et ladite gaine est réalisée en une deuxième composition polyoléfinique contenant au moins une chage d'hydroxyde métallique pour brûler complètement et se transformer en cendres résiduelles sous l'action du feu.Its purpose is an electrical safety cable, fire resistant and without halogen, comprising at least one electrical conductor, insulation around each conductor and an outer sheath, in which at least one of the parts components defined by the insulation of each electrical conductor and by the sheath exterior is made of a first composition made of a material polymer containing at least one ceramic filler and thus suitable to be converted at least superficially into the state of ceramic at high temperatures corresponding to fire conditions, characterized in that the insulation of each electrical conductor is alone carried out in said first composition, empty spaces are provided between said sheath and said insulation of each electrical conductor, and said sheath is produced in a second polyolefinic composition containing at least one metal hydroxide chage to burn completely and turn into residual ash under the action of fire.
Avantageusement, ladite deuxième composition de ladite gaine comporte en outre un liant additionnel réduisant l'écoulement de goutte lors de sa combustion mais restant insuffisant pour la transformation de ladite deuxième composition à l'état de céramique dons des conditions d'incendie. Advantageously, said second composition of said sheath comprises in addition an additional binder reducing the drop flow during its combustion but remaining insufficient for the transformation of said second composition in the state of ceramic given the fire conditions.
Dans la câble selon l'invention la matière polymèrique est un polysiloxane ou un copolymère d'éthylène ou un mélange des deux.In the cable according to the invention the polymeric material is a polysiloxane or an ethylene copolymer or a mixture of the two.
Les caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-après d'exemples de réalisation illustrés dans le dessin ci-annexé. Dans ce dessin :
- La figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un câble de sécurité selon l'invention à deux conducteurs,
- La figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'un câble d'énergie triphasé selon l'invention.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a safety cable according to the invention with two conductors,
- Figure 2 is a sectional view of a three-phase power cable according to the invention.
Dans ces figures les éléments analogues sont désignés par les mêmes
références numériques.Les câbles représentés comportent deux ou trois
conducteurs électriques 1, une isolation 2 autour de chaque conducteur électrique
et une gaine extérieure 3. Cette gaine extérieure ménage des espaces vides 4 entre
elle et les conducteurs isolés qu'elle entoure.In these figures, similar elements are designated by the same
Numerical references. The cables shown have two or three
Dans les câbles selon l'invention, l'isolation 2 autour de chaque conducteur
est réalisée en une composition polymérique formée d'un polysiloxane et/ou d'un
copolymère d'éthylène et contenant notamment une charge formatrice de
céramique sous l'effet des températures élevées d'un incendie. La gaine extérieure
3 est quant à elle réalisée en une composition polyoléfinique contenant des
charges minérales susceptibles de se transformer en cendres résiduelles sous l'effet
des températures élevées d'un incendie.In the cables according to the invention, the
La demanderesse a découvert que de tels câbles de sécurité, qui comporte ce type d'isolation, ce type de gainage et des espaces vides entre l'isolation et le gainage, ont un comportement au feu amélioré par rapport aux câbles existants. Elle justifie cette amélioration d'une part par le choix des deux compositions d'isolation et de gainage respectivement et d'autre part par la présence des espaces vides dans la structure du câble.The Applicant has discovered that such security cables, which comprises this type of insulation, this type of sheathing and the empty spaces between the insulation and the sheathing, have an improved fire behavior compared to existing cables. It justifies this improvement on the one hand by the choice of the two compositions insulation and sheathing respectively and on the other hand by the presence of empty spaces in the cable structure.
Les espaces vides occupent au moint 10 % de la section du câble. Ces espaces vides favorisent la combustion complète de ce gainage soumis au feu, du fait de la présence d'oxygène dans ces espaces, et la transformation de ce gainage en cendres résiduelles se détachant de l'isolation des conducteurs. Ils favorisent simultanément l'évacuation d'une partie du carbone contenu dans les compositions de gainage et d'isolation soumises aux températures élevées de l'incendie, sous forme de gaz résultant de la combinaisson du carbone et de l'oxygène. Ce carbone ainsi évacué ne se dépose pas sur l'isolation, alors que celle-ci passe au moins superficiellement à l'état de céramique. Or il a été constaté que cette présence de carbone dans le câble pendant sa combustion a une influence déterminante et néfaste sur la résistivité volumique et la résistivité superficielle de l'isolation des conducteurs électriques. La diminution de la quantité de carbone présente dans le câble pendant sa combustion permet la maintien de sa résistance d'isolement à un niveau suffisant pour qu'il continue à fonctionner correctement.The empty spaces occupy at least 10% of the cable section. These empty spaces favor the complete combustion of this cladding subjected to fire, made of the presence of oxygen in these spaces, and the transformation of this cladding as residual ash coming off the insulation of the conductors. They prefer simultaneously the evacuation of part of the carbon contained in the compositions sheathing and insulation subjected to the high temperatures of the fire, under form of gas resulting from the combination of carbon and oxygen. This carbon thus evacuated does not settle on the insulation, while this passes to the less superficially in the state of ceramic. However, it was noted that this presence of carbon in the cable during its combustion has an influence decisive and harmful on the volume resistivity and the surface resistivity of insulation of electrical conductors. The decrease in the amount of carbon present in the cable during its combustion allows the maintenance of its resistance isolation to a level sufficient for it to continue to function properly.
Simultanément la combustion ainsi favorisée de ce gainage et sa transformation complète et relativement rapide en cendres résiduelles fait que l'isolation passe rapidement au moins superficiellement à l'état de céramique et assure dès lors le maintien de l'intégrité physique du câble dans les conditions d'incendie. On réduit la durée de la phase transitoire située entre 400 à 600°C de cette transformation au moins superficielle à l'état de céramique, pour minimiser d'éventuelles macrofissurations qui peuvent apparaítre pendant cette phase transitoire. Cette combustion complète du gainage en composition polyoféfinique se fait à faibles dégagements de fumées et de gaz toxiques et sans propagation de l'incendie.Simultaneously the combustion thus favored of this cladding and its complete and relatively rapid transformation into residual ash means that the insulation quickly passes at least superficially to the state of ceramic and therefore ensures the maintenance of the physical integrity of the cable under the conditions fire. The duration of the transitional phase between 400 to 600 ° C is reduced by this transformation at least superficial in the ceramic state, to minimize possible macrocracks which may appear during this phase transient. This complete combustion of the cladding in polyoffinic composition takes place at low emission of toxic fumes and gases and without propagation of the fire.
Avantageusement, la composition de gainage peut aussi comporter un liant, notamment une charge formatrice de céramique alors utilisée en faible proportion dans la composition de gainage, pour éviter l'écoulement de goutte pendant sa combustion et ainsi éviter une possible propagation d'incendie mais sans pour autant conduire à un changement de l'état de cette composition en céramique.Advantageously, the cladding composition can also include a binder, in particular a ceramic filler then used in low proportion in the sheathing composition, to avoid the drop flow during its combustion and thus avoid a possible spread of fire but without leading to a change in the state of this composition in ceramic.
Avantageusement aussi, la présence recherchée d'espaces vides entre l'isolation de chaque conducteur électrique et le gainage du câble conduit à un gain des quantités de la composition qui est utilisée pour le gainage ne venant pas remplir les espaces naturels dans une structure de câble à plusieurs conducteurs isolés. Par là-même, le coûtt et le dégagement de fumées et de gaz s'en trouvent réduits.Advantageously also, the desired presence of empty spaces between the insulation of each electrical conductor and the sheathing of the cable leads to a gain of the quantities of the composition which is used for the sheathing not coming fill natural spaces in a multi-conductor cable structure isolated. The cost and the release of smoke and gas are thereby reduced.
Bien que non représenté, dans un câble à un seul conducteur isolé puis gainé, en utilisant les types de compositions choisis selon l'invention, mais sans espaces vides existant naturellement entre le conducteur isolé et le gainage, on pourra créer de tels espaces par des dispositions à cet effet, par exemple en prévoyant un jonc séparateur entre l'isolation et le gainage ou en réalisant des rainures ou des nervures intérieures dons le gainage.Although not shown, in a single insulated cable then sheathed, using the types of compositions chosen according to the invention, but without empty spaces naturally existing between the insulated conductor and the sheathing, we may create such spaces by provisions to this effect, for example by providing a separating ring between the insulation and the sheathing or by making grooves or internal ribs in the sheathing.
Claims (6)
- Electrical security cable that is fire-resistant and halogen-free, with at least one electrical conductor, one insulation around each conductor and one exterior jacket, in which at least one of the components (defined as the insulation of each electrical conductor and as the exterior jacket) is achieved in a first composition formed by a polymeric material containing at least one ceramic forming charge and likely to convert, at least superficially, to ceramic state when exposed to the high temperatures of a fire,
characterized in that the insulation (2) of each electrical conductor (1) is only achieved in said first composition, empty gaps (4) are planned between said jacket and said insulation (2) of each electrical conductor, and said jacket (3) is achieved in a second polyolefinic composition containing at least one metallic hydroxide charge for complete combustion and to be transformed into residual ashes when exposed to fire. - Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that said second composition of said jacket (3) includes moreover an additional binder to reduce dripping during combustion, but will remain insufficient to transform said second composition to a ceramic state in fire conditions.
- Cable according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said polymeric material contains a polysiloxane.
- Cable according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said polymeric material contains an ethylene copolymer.
- Cable according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said polymeric material contains a polysiloxane and an ethylene copolymer.
- Cable according to one of claims 1 through 5, characterized in that said empty gaps (4) occupy at least 10% of the section of said cable.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9803053A FR2776119B1 (en) | 1998-03-12 | 1998-03-12 | SECURITY CABLE, RESISTANT TO FIRE AND WITHOUT HALOGEN |
| FR9803053 | 1998-03-12 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0942439A1 EP0942439A1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
| EP0942439B1 true EP0942439B1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
| EP0942439B2 EP0942439B2 (en) | 2008-01-09 |
Family
ID=9523973
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19990400527 Expired - Lifetime EP0942439B2 (en) | 1998-03-12 | 1999-03-04 | Fire resistant halogen-free safety cable |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0942439B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69902705T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2776119B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU200580U1 (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-10-29 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Камский кабель" | FIRE RESISTANT POWER CABLE WITH RUBBER INSULATION AND SHELLS FROM FLAME RESISTANT, HALOGEN-FREE COMPOSITIONS |
| RU207042U1 (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-10-07 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Камский кабель" | SINGLE-PHASE POWER CABLE WITH METAL SHEATH |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7829792B2 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2010-11-09 | Prysmian Energie Cables Et Systemes France | Fire-resistant safety cable provided with a single insulating covering |
| CA2617098C (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2016-10-18 | Prysmian Energie Cables Et Systemes France | Substantially flat fire-resistant safety cable |
| ES2328000A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2009-11-05 | Nexans Iberia S.L. | Fire-proof electric cable |
| FR2938368B1 (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2016-02-12 | Nexans | FIRE RESISTANT ELECTRICAL CABLE |
| FR2946789B1 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2017-01-13 | Nexans | ELECTRICAL CABLE TO PROVIDE ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION CONTINUITY IN CASE OF FIRE. |
| US8855653B2 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2014-10-07 | Alcatel Lucent | Method, apparatus and computer readable medium for traffic redistribution in wireless networks |
| CN103123828A (en) * | 2013-02-03 | 2013-05-29 | 深圳市沃尔核材股份有限公司 | Fire-resistant communication cable |
| FR3066637B1 (en) | 2017-05-16 | 2019-07-19 | Nexans | FIRE RESISTANT CABLE |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3900681A (en) | 1973-08-22 | 1975-08-19 | Gen Electric | Insulated electrical conductor |
| JPS5950181B2 (en) | 1979-03-07 | 1984-12-06 | ト−レ・シリコ−ン株式会社 | Silicone composition that turns into ceramic at high temperature |
| US4273691A (en) | 1979-10-18 | 1981-06-16 | General Electric Company | Flame retardant compositions and coated article |
| DE3047269C2 (en) | 1980-12-16 | 1983-08-04 | AEG-Telefunken Kabelwerke AG, Rheydt, 4050 Mönchengladbach | "Thermoplastic Polymer Mixture" |
| DE3150798C2 (en) | 1981-12-22 | 1989-11-23 | AEG-Telefunken Kabelwerke AG, Rheydt, 4050 Mönchengladbach | Thermoplastic, halogen-free, flame-retardant polymer mixture |
| FR2573910B1 (en) | 1984-11-29 | 1987-06-19 | Habia Cable | FLEXIBLE FIRE RESISTANT INSULATION COATING FOR ELECTRICAL CONDUITS, WIRES AND CABLES |
| GB8616857D0 (en) | 1986-07-10 | 1986-08-20 | Dow Corning Ltd | Silicone compositions |
| JP2782065B2 (en) * | 1988-03-09 | 1998-07-30 | 昭和電線電纜株式会社 | Water cooling cable |
| CA2038626A1 (en) | 1990-03-22 | 1991-09-23 | Behrooz A. Khorramian | Cable including halogen-free plastic jacket |
| US5173960A (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1992-12-22 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Cable having superior resistance to flame spread and smoke evolution |
| JPH0668720A (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 1994-03-11 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Flame retardant fireproof cable |
| EP0751535B1 (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1999-12-15 | AT&T IPM Corp. | Cable having superior resistance to flame spread and smoke evolution |
| JPH09204824A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1997-08-05 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Fire resistant cable |
-
1998
- 1998-03-12 FR FR9803053A patent/FR2776119B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-03-04 DE DE1999602705 patent/DE69902705T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-04 EP EP19990400527 patent/EP0942439B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU200580U1 (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-10-29 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Камский кабель" | FIRE RESISTANT POWER CABLE WITH RUBBER INSULATION AND SHELLS FROM FLAME RESISTANT, HALOGEN-FREE COMPOSITIONS |
| RU207042U1 (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-10-07 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Камский кабель" | SINGLE-PHASE POWER CABLE WITH METAL SHEATH |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2776119B1 (en) | 2000-06-23 |
| DE69902705T2 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
| FR2776119A1 (en) | 1999-09-17 |
| DE69902705D1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
| EP0942439B2 (en) | 2008-01-09 |
| DE69902705T3 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
| EP0942439A1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
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