EP0940876A1 - Hohlleiter mit dielektrischer Fenstervorrichtung - Google Patents
Hohlleiter mit dielektrischer Fenstervorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0940876A1 EP0940876A1 EP99301201A EP99301201A EP0940876A1 EP 0940876 A1 EP0940876 A1 EP 0940876A1 EP 99301201 A EP99301201 A EP 99301201A EP 99301201 A EP99301201 A EP 99301201A EP 0940876 A1 EP0940876 A1 EP 0940876A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- windows
- waveguide according
- passage
- waveguide
- convex
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/08—Dielectric windows
Definitions
- This invention relates to a waveguide for a beam of electromagnetic radiation.
- Electromagnetic radiation is generated in gyrotrons and other high power microwave sources.
- a beam of the radiation is generated and this passes along a waveguide to an exit port.
- the waveguide comprises a passage, generally of circular cross-section, having a window extending across it.
- the beam of electromagnetic radiation passes through the window.
- the window is used for the protection of the electromagnetic sources or detectors from environmental factors.
- the window may be made of a variety of materials such as sapphire, diamond and the like. Such windows are generally planar, although curved profiles have been suggested.
- a waveguide for a beam of electromagnetic radiation includes a passage and two windows, each having a curved profile, spaced from each other and extending across the passage, and the space between the windows being at a pressure higher than that in the passage outside the space.
- the windows have convex and concave surfaces and it is the concave surface of one of the windows which is presented to the beam.
- the spaced windows each have convex and concave surfaces with the convex surfaces facing each other.
- the space defined between the windows is at a pressure which is higher than the pressure in the passage outside the space.
- the passage will be under vacuum and the space pressure will be up to 5 atmospheres.
- a further curved window spaced downstream of the two windows and extending across the passage is also provided.
- This curved window preferably has a convex surface and a concave surface and it is the convex surface which faces the two windows.
- the windows preferably have a shape consisting of part of a hemisphere.
- the optimum radius for the part hemisphere may be determined by two factors.
- the curvature should be sufficiently small to achieve a substantial mechanical advantage over a planar window.
- the mechanical advantage of the curved window should be sufficient to allow the thickness of the window to be reduced to a convenient level.
- the thickness is preferably maintained at or below 2mm. This mechanical advantage can be used either to increase the area of the window, increase the pressure handling capability of the window or to reduce thickness and therefore manufacturing costs.
- the thickness of the windows is preferably an integral number of half-wavelengths of the electromagnetic radiation to minimise reflection of the beam.
- the passage across which the window is located will generally be defined by a tube.
- the windows will have edges which will generally be supported in the tube.
- the material from which the windows is made will typically be sapphire, diamond, germanium, zinc selenide, silicon, doped silicon, silicon nitride, aluminium nitride or boron nitride.
- the windows are preferably made of diamond having a low dielectric loss. Such diamond is preferably produced using chemical vapour deposition (CVD).
- the invention has particular application to microwave radiation generated, for example, in a gyrotron.
- Figures 1 and 2 are schematic side views of different embodiments of a waveguide for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation.
- the windows 14, 16 are curved and each defines part of a hemisphere.
- the windows each have a convex surface (14a and 16a) and a concave surface (14b and 16b).
- the convex surfaces of the windows thus face each other and define between them a space 12a which is under pressure, e.g. 5 atmospheres or less.
- the passage 12 outside of the space 12a is at a low pressure, typically a vacuum.
- the pressure difference maintains the convex surfaces in compression, i.e. the pressure on the convex surfaces should be higher than that on the concave surfaces.
- the thickness of the windows 14, 16 is preferably an integral number of half-wavelengths of the electromagnetic radiation to ensure that no power is reflected.
- edges 14c and 16c of the windows are suitably mounted and supported in the tube 10.
- the mounting of the edges, particularly where the window is made of CVD diamond, should be such that the stress distribution at the edge is maintained in a stress state consistent with the equivalent region of a full hemisphere subject to the same loading. In the case of CVD diamond, this may be achieved by double-sided brazing with a metal such as molybdenum, tantalum or Inconel or a non-metal having approximately the same linear thermal expansion characteristics of diamond.
- the space 12a between the convex surfaces 14a and 16a may be pressurised by use of a gas such as dry air, dry nitrogen or SF 6 .
Landscapes
- Waveguides (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9803534 | 1998-02-19 | ||
GBGB9803534.8A GB9803534D0 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1998-02-19 | A waveguide for a beam of electromagnetic radiation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0940876A1 true EP0940876A1 (de) | 1999-09-08 |
Family
ID=10827268
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99301201A Withdrawn EP0940876A1 (de) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-02-18 | Hohlleiter mit dielektrischer Fenstervorrichtung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0940876A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11330807A (de) |
GB (1) | GB9803534D0 (de) |
RU (1) | RU99103339A (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA991223B (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007148004A1 (fr) * | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-27 | Organisation Europeenne Pour La Recherche Nucleaire | Guide d'ondes electromagnetiques comprenant un outil |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB741640A (en) * | 1953-09-25 | 1955-12-07 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements relating to electrical waveguides |
GB777485A (en) * | 1954-10-15 | 1957-06-26 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to output arrangements for cavity magnetrons |
GB1026123A (en) * | 1962-01-18 | 1966-04-14 | Emi Ltd | Improvements in or relating to devices for transferring high frequency energy |
US3324427A (en) * | 1964-05-06 | 1967-06-06 | Varian Associates | Electromagnetic wave permeable window |
US3345535A (en) * | 1964-08-26 | 1967-10-03 | Varian Associates | Arc protected high frequency electron discharge devices and waveguide window coupling assembly |
EP0505066A1 (de) * | 1991-03-14 | 1992-09-23 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Mikrowellenfenster für einen Wellenleiter |
-
1998
- 1998-02-19 GB GBGB9803534.8A patent/GB9803534D0/en not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-02-16 ZA ZA9901223A patent/ZA991223B/xx unknown
- 1999-02-18 RU RU99103339/09A patent/RU99103339A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-02-18 EP EP99301201A patent/EP0940876A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-02-19 JP JP11084487A patent/JPH11330807A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB741640A (en) * | 1953-09-25 | 1955-12-07 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements relating to electrical waveguides |
GB777485A (en) * | 1954-10-15 | 1957-06-26 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to output arrangements for cavity magnetrons |
GB1026123A (en) * | 1962-01-18 | 1966-04-14 | Emi Ltd | Improvements in or relating to devices for transferring high frequency energy |
US3324427A (en) * | 1964-05-06 | 1967-06-06 | Varian Associates | Electromagnetic wave permeable window |
US3345535A (en) * | 1964-08-26 | 1967-10-03 | Varian Associates | Arc protected high frequency electron discharge devices and waveguide window coupling assembly |
EP0505066A1 (de) * | 1991-03-14 | 1992-09-23 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Mikrowellenfenster für einen Wellenleiter |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
BRAZ O ET AL: "HIGH POWER 170 GHZ TEST OF CVD DIAMOND FOR ECH WINDOW", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES, vol. 18, no. 8, 1 August 1997 (1997-08-01), pages 1495 - 1503, XP000699766 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007148004A1 (fr) * | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-27 | Organisation Europeenne Pour La Recherche Nucleaire | Guide d'ondes electromagnetiques comprenant un outil |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU99103339A (ru) | 2001-01-27 |
GB9803534D0 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
JPH11330807A (ja) | 1999-11-30 |
ZA991223B (en) | 1999-08-16 |
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Legal Events
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Effective date: 20000309 |