EP0939678A1 - Separateur de solides - Google Patents

Separateur de solides

Info

Publication number
EP0939678A1
EP0939678A1 EP96938312A EP96938312A EP0939678A1 EP 0939678 A1 EP0939678 A1 EP 0939678A1 EP 96938312 A EP96938312 A EP 96938312A EP 96938312 A EP96938312 A EP 96938312A EP 0939678 A1 EP0939678 A1 EP 0939678A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
discs
separator according
rotor
separator
small
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96938312A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
David Albert Caddick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British Technology Group Inter Corporate Licensing Ltd
Original Assignee
British Technology Group Inter Corporate Licensing Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Technology Group Inter Corporate Licensing Ltd filed Critical British Technology Group Inter Corporate Licensing Ltd
Publication of EP0939678A1 publication Critical patent/EP0939678A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • B07B13/04—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/12—Apparatus having only parallel elements
    • B07B1/14—Roller screens
    • B07B1/15—Roller screens using corrugated, grooved or ribbed rollers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a separator for paniculate solids, for classifying particles according to size.
  • the separator may be used for minerals such as coal or metallic ores, waste material such as hardcore, ash or soil, process feedstocks, foodstuffs such as in the form of granules, and other materials whether wet or dry.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a simple and efficient means of separating paniculate materials and to dispense with a sizing bed, with consequent reduction in costs and liability to failure.
  • Conventional sizing apparatus for example as disclosed in GB 448838 or GB 1087921, includes screens composed of interlocking arrays of eccentric rotating discs. Such apparatus contains many moving parts and is complex, expensive and liable to breakage, particularly when using coarse minerals.
  • a particle separator includes: a rotor comprising a plurality of small discs mounted for coaxial rotation, a multiplicity of large discs having a greater radial dimension than the small discs and being mounted for rotation coaxially with the small discs, the small discs being located between the large discs via a spacer disc; a feed adapted to provide a flow of paniculate material impinging said rotor; and a collector having means (such as a doctor with crenels or slots to accommodate the large discs, the merlons or edge of the doctor being arranged to co-operate with edges of the small discs) to collect material having a dimension allowing passage between the large discs but preventing passage between the small discs.
  • means such as a doctor with crenels or slots to accommodate the large discs, the merlons or edge of the doctor being arranged to co-operate with edges of the small discs
  • the edge of the doctor may abut the edges of the relevant discs or may be spaced from them, centrifugal force serving to propel a stream material outwardly from the centre of the rotor towards the collector.
  • the collector may be positioned to catch conectly sized material taking into account the action of gravity on the outwardly moving stream.
  • a single rotor is preferred, although a succession of two or more apparatus in accordance with the invention may be used to make successive separations from a flow of material.
  • the rotor may be perturbed e.g. vibrated radially.
  • the feed of unseparated material is preferably directed towards the rotor, more preferably towards the axis thereof, that is choke or partial choke feed.
  • a tangential flow is not preferred for efficient separation.
  • a free flow of unseparated material, that is under gravity, is preferred.
  • the large and small discs may be disposed alternately upon the rotor.
  • each large disc may be separated by two or more small discs.
  • the rotor may have an axle upon which the discs are mounted.
  • an axle may carry a drum upon which the discs are mounted, the drum having a diameter substantially larger than that of an axle, for example up to 1 m.
  • the large discs may themselves have different diameters according to their axial location on the rotor, preferably being largest at the middle of the rotor axis and progressively smaller towards the ends.
  • More than two sizes of discs may be employed. Intermediate discs having a dimension between that of the large and small discs may be disposed between the latter upon the rotor.
  • a plurality of collectors may have doctors arranged to collect material from the edges of each of the intermediate discs.
  • a cleansing collector may be provided to clean the rotor during each revolution.
  • the tines of the cleansing collector preferably pass between all of the discs to remove any particles lodged between them.
  • the circumferential locations of axially successive tines differ.
  • the cleansing collector may be located at any convenient position between the first collector and feed during rotation of the rotor.
  • the discs are preferably circular.
  • the large discs are provided with a segment removed to form a peripheral notch. This prevents oversize pieces of material from becoming stationary upon the rotor by engaging such pieces and impelling them forwards.
  • those discs, or all the discs may have a non-circular periphery, e.g. polygonal or scalloped-edged.
  • the discs are arranged to rotate at the same speed and may be secured on a common axis.
  • selected discs or disc segments may rotate at a different speed or may be stationary. This has the advantage of reducing adhesion of material between the rotors.
  • the separator according to the invention may have restraint means which, over part of the periphery, inhibit particles from leaving the separator radially of the discs. Separators according to the invention can be made small enough to be conveyed more easily to temporary sites than is the case with conventional shaking-screen separators.
  • Figure 2 shows a rotor in plan view for the apparatus in Figure 1 ,
  • Figure 3 shows a variant of the Figure 2 rotor in plan view
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative rotor in plan view, with associated feed and collector arrangements
  • Figures 5 and 6 show alternative patterns of disc which may be used in the rotors
  • Figure 7 is a schematic end elevation in cross-section of apparatus using a rotor similar (but not identical) to that of Figure 4,
  • Figure 8 is a plan view and Figure 9 an end elevation of a further alternative rotor, and Figure 10 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention having an adjustable collector.
  • the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a conveyor 8 arranged to deposit paniculate material, such as coal, after a drop of 1 metre upon a spreader or collector plate 1 , at a rate of 50 tonne/hour for a typical mined coal feed.
  • the spreader 1 is arranged to distribute material evenly across the surface of a 1-m-radius curved feed chute 2, which is arranged, as best seen in Figure 10, by reason of its lower (trailing) edge conforming fairly closely to a rotor 3 and pomting towards the axis thereof, to give a "choke” or "partial choke” feed 2a to the rotor 3.
  • the spreader plate 1 is provided with an end pivot and adjustable portion la to control the flow to the rotor.
  • the spreader 1 and chute 2 may co-operate to emulate a hopper chute (or a hopper chute may indeed be provided).
  • a curtain of heavy chains or a resiliency sprung board (not shown) may hang from the lower end of the spreader plate 1/la, to allow oversized particles to travel clockwise out of the feed area but to encourage normal particles to enter the rotor.
  • the chute 2 need not be curved. It may be mounted at 50 to 70 to the horizontal and offset from being strictly radial to the rotor, i.e. its lower edge terminates at the height of the axis of the rotor or not much above it.
  • the rotor as shown in Figure 2, comprises an axle 6 carrying a multiplicity of circular discs.
  • Alternate discs 3c have a radius of 200 mm. some 50 mm larger than smaller discs 3b disposed between them. In other versions, consecutive larger discs 3c have two, three or four smaller discs 3b between them.
  • the discs are separated axially by spacers 3a some 10 mm thick in the axial direction and of radius around 90 mm.
  • the spacers 3a may be mounted coaxially or eccentrically.
  • Figure 3 shows an alternative rotor.
  • consecutive larger discs 3c have three smaller discs 3b between them.
  • the larger discs 3c are themselves graduated in size, from 500 mm at each end of the rotor 3 to 1 m at the centre. This arrangement counterbalances the tendency of any typical conveyor 8 to deliver more material along the centre line of the belt than at the edges, which could overload the "Fig 2" rotor at the centre notwithstanding spare capacity at its ends.
  • the "Fig 3" rotor by virtue of the graduated discs 3c. will tend to redistribute excess material delivered at the centre, towards the ends.
  • the feed 2 is adjustable to give a wide range of feed angles at its lower edge into the rotor, from 30-75 to the horizontal, preferably (as stated) 50-70, to suit the feed material size analysis, moisture content and specification (properties such as hardness, density and shape).
  • material having a dimension less than the separation between the small and large rotors can pass between them and fall into a chute 9.
  • Large particles of material which cannot pass between the large discs 3c are deflected from the periphery of the rotor into a second chute 10.
  • Material having a dimension such that it may pass between the large discs 3c but not between the small discs 3b is collected by a slotted collector 4 which approaches to just short of the edges of the small discs and wherein the slots are to accommodate the large discs.
  • This intermediate sized material may be collected in the chute 10 with the larger material or may have its own collection chute (not shown).
  • a cleanser has tines 5 arranged to pass between all of the discs up to just clearing the surface of the spacers 3a.
  • the tines may be located downstream of the collector 4 at any position upstream of the chute 2.
  • alternate tines 5 are at the "6 o'clock” position and the others at the "9 o'clock” position. Staggering their circumferential positions in this way minimises the risk of a seizure; when an oversized particle jammed between adjacent discs 3 hits a tine 5, the discs can flex to release the particle.
  • a heavy upright plate pivoted at its top edge forms a barrier 7 which serves to prevent material entering the apparatus from overshooting into the collector 10.
  • a peripheral notch, or serrated circular arc, or scalloping, cut from the edge of some or each of the large discs 3a as shown in Figure 5 serves to prevent large pieces of material becoming seated upon the rotor.
  • the impulse given to a large piece by the notch or other shaping of the edge of the rotor causes the piece to be impelled through the barrier 7 into the collector 10.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a disc wherein two peripheral segments are removed or the disc edges curve or are serrated to eject large particles from the rotor.
  • the angular extent 2 of the notch may be determined by the size and shape of material. For example pieces of slate may require use of comparatively large notches or serrations.
  • all of the material to be separated can pass between the largest discs, only exceptionally large pieces requiring use of the notches.
  • the elliptical disc shown in the lower part of the figure may be used alternatively to achieve the same function.
  • a further alternative disc shape is regular polygonal (e.g. 24 sides) or scalloped; this gives extra agitation to particles before they drop into an inter-disc slot, thus, especially in the case of damp "sticky" feed, assisting the accuracy of classification.
  • the degree of agitation-enhancement is directly related to the radial height of the scallops.
  • Scalloped discs also help prevent wet feedstock from forming a static immobile bed 2a.
  • all the discs 3 are scalloped, with the largest discs (3c, 3d or 3e as the case may be) having larger, deeper, more exaggerated scalloping than the smaller discs.
  • Figure 6 shows an elliptical disc which could be used, with long axes either aligned or offset.
  • material enters the rotor assembly as a "choke” or “partial choke” feed (i.e. this could be at 30-45 degrees from the horizontal for example depending on disc aperture, material analysis and moisture).
  • a change of direction is required as material is “conveyed” round the disc periphery.
  • acceleration of all particles occurs in the new direction of rotation causing:- (i) Primary separation of particles upon impingement with the rotor and dependent on the degree of free flow feed conditions and "open area" presented;
  • Figure 4 illustrates an alternative rotor having discs 3c, 3d with radii intermediate between those of the small discs 3b and large discs 3e.
  • Material having a dimension greater than the separation between the outer discs 3e is excluded from the rotor. Material having a smaller dimension can enter the rotor. Particles smaller than the separation between discs 3d and 3e but greater than that between discs 3c and 3d may be removed by a collector abutting the edge of the discs 3c. Smaller material which is able to pass between the plates 3c and 3d can similarly be collected by tines of a collector abutting the edges of the discs 3b. Fine material can pass unimpeded through the rotor.
  • a collector 4 or as shown in Figures 4 and 7, a multiplicity of circumferentially spaced collectors 4 (4w, 4x, 4y, 4z), may be employed.
  • Collector 4w for the coarsest fraction, acts as a doctor and stands just clear of the largest discs 3e.
  • Collector 4x for the next-to-coarsest fraction, likewise acts as a doctor as it projects radially inwardly as far as the next largest discs 3d, with crenels in the form of slots or cut-outs to allow the discs 3e to rotate.
  • Collector 4y for the next-finer fraction, projects even further radially inwardly, namely up to the smaller discs 3c, and has cut-outs to clear the discs 3e and 3d.
  • collector 4z for the next-to-finest fraction, has interdigitations projecting radially inwardly to the smallest discs 3b, with slots or cut-outs to clear the discs 3c, 3d and 3e.
  • the very finest fraction of particles passes into the gaps between the discs 3b and the adjacent discs and can drop out of the separator via the rear side of the collector 4z. (The separator shown in Figure 7 omits discs 3e and the corresponding collector 4w.)
  • the variety of sizes of disc 3 helps the preseparation of the particles as they fall into the separator and reduces the likelihood of fine particles reporting falsely to the coarse fraction.
  • the height of the drop from the conveyor 8 to the feed chute 2 (e.g. Vi m for dry feed, 1 m for damp feed), the abrasive action of the curtain of chains (not shown) and the abrasive action of the straps 12 all further help to reduce false reporting, by detaching small particles which are riding on larger ones.
  • the separation is further improved by vibrating the axle 6, preferably vertically, at a high amplitude with low frequency (e.g. by cam action) if organised mechanically, or at a small amplitude with high frequency if organised electrically, thus e.g. 10 mm/50 Hz or 1 mm/500 Hz. This will afford a circumferential jigging action.
  • Figure 8 shows a plan view and Figure 9 an elevation of an alternative arrangement for separating fine material from larger pieces.
  • the larger and smaller discs 20 and 21 are formed as a unitary construction so as to present a series of grooves into which fine matter may pass.
  • Coarse material may be removed from the surface of the rotor by a collector 22 (the disc 20/21 being enclosed by larger carrying discs 30).
  • Figure 10 illustrates a modification of the invention having a collector movable about a pivot 14 to adjust the radius of the ends of the tines between a first position adjacent the edge of the rotor and a second position adjacent smaller discs 3b.
  • the speed of the rotor may also be adjusted for example between 75 and 300 rpm to further control the degree of separation, a slower speed increasing the proportion of particles classified as "fine", all other things (such as feedstock size distribution, feed rate, moisture content and chute angles/positions) being equal.
  • the collector may be moved radially around the rotor. This allows the position of the ends of the tines to be adjusted to compensate for the effect of gravity on the stream of material propelled from the rotor.
  • the spacing between some or all of the discs may be adjustable to regulate the sizes of particles separated.
  • Figures 7 and 10 show that the feed chute 2 need not be especially curved and can terminate either around the " 10" or “ 11 o'clock” positions or even as low as the "9 o'clock” position, provided a bed of finer particles has already formed, in other words there is choke feed, shown as 2a, in which circumstances material to be classified can be conveyed uphill on such bed by the clockwise rotating rotor 3, even if wet (in which case scalloped discs are more reliable).
  • Figure 7 also shows that the discharge duct(s) 4 may have its (their) upper (leading) edge level with, or lower than, the "3 o'clock” position, the discharge ducts - when there are more than one - preferably having their upper edges at the same height.
  • the cleanser tines 5 may be located at the "8 o'clock" position (to be clear of the chute 2), or at 5 or 6 o'clock, or, as shown, alternately, and serve not only to remove jammed particles but also to scrape the spacers 3a clean of adherent fine particles.
  • An advantage of locating alternate tines at different positions is that when a tine engages a jammed particle, the discs can flex relatively unhindered to release the particle.
  • Figure 7 shows a variation of the pivoted barrier 7 of Figure 1.
  • a heavy plate 7a as wide as the rotor 3 hangs from a pivot 11 above and parallel to the rotor 3, before top dead centre.
  • Hanging from the lower edge of the plate 7a is a heavy curtain 12 of leather, rubber or other slightly flexible and not too slippery material.
  • the curtain 12 is deeply fringed, and may be considered as a set of laterally abutting straps. More effectively still, the curtain 12 may consist of numerous closely spaced heavy chains welded to the bottom of the plate 7a, as shown schematically.
  • the curtain rests draped generally on the " 12 to 3 o'clock" quadrant of the rotor 3, and acts to restrain particles which bounce outwardly and would otherwise report falsely to the "coarse" collector 4x. Indeed the curtain, by its weight, even tends to push particles radially inwardly, further reducing the incidence of undersized particles reporting to the coarser fractions. This action is enhanced in the case of scalloped discs 3d, which both drive particles clockwise against the friction of the curtain 12 and cause the curtain to ripple and bounce, giving a more dynamic impact of the curtain on the particles. These are all beneficial results of the effect of the curtain in lengthening the residence time of particles in the separator, thus lengthening their opportunity to undergo correct classification, without reducing the throughput of the separator. Friction between the particles and the curtain also helps to dislodge fine particles which are adhering to coarse particles, further improving the quality of the classification.
  • the curtain 12 may be alternative, or additional, to the chains hanging from 1/la of Figure 1.
  • the breadth of the chain links or straps and the spacing of the chains are optimised for the material.
  • the chain links or straps may be small enough to go between discs 3c (Fig. 7) or larger, such that they ride on top of those discs, as drawn.

Landscapes

  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)

Abstract

Un séparateur de particules met en oeuvre plusieurs disques festonnés de diamètre différent tournant autour d'un axe avec des disques plus petits (3b) montés entre des disques de diamètre plus grand (3c) pour réaliser la séparation de matières de différentes gammes de dimensions dans l'alimentation. Le refus de tamisage est retenu à l'extérieur des disques de diamètre plus grand; les matières de dimension intermédiaire sont retenues à l'extérieur des disques de diamètre plus petit; et le tamisat passe entre les disques de diamètre plus grand et les disques de diamètre plus petit. Des collecteurs (4) sont utilisés pour séparer le refus de tamisage, les matières de dimension intermédiaire et le tamisat les uns des autres. Des sangles ou des chaînes (12) passés au-dessus du séparateur empêchent les matières de passer indûment dans la partie de refus.
EP96938312A 1996-11-13 1996-11-13 Separateur de solides Withdrawn EP0939678A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB1996/002754 WO1998020986A1 (fr) 1996-11-13 1996-11-13 Separateur de solides

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0939678A1 true EP0939678A1 (fr) 1999-09-08

Family

ID=10788492

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96938312A Withdrawn EP0939678A1 (fr) 1996-11-13 1996-11-13 Separateur de solides

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0939678A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001504031A (fr)
KR (1) KR20000053269A (fr)
AU (1) AU7577796A (fr)
CA (1) CA2271121A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998020986A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2856318B1 (fr) * 2003-06-18 2007-01-12 Ate Soc Nouvelle Dispositif de tri notamment de baies de raisin
EP2103360A1 (fr) * 2008-03-19 2009-09-23 Vitantonio Lagreca Machine pour la séparation de corps étrangers des grains
KR20150038017A (ko) 2012-07-27 2015-04-08 노틸러스 미네랄즈 퍼시픽 피티 리미티드 자가 세척 수집 장치 및 방법
CN112845176B (zh) * 2021-02-08 2022-06-03 江西铜业集团(贵溪)冶金化工工程有限公司 一种皮带输送铜精矿自动清杂机

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1095221B (de) * 1955-10-29 1960-12-22 Buckau Wolf Maschf R Kreisscheibenwalzenrost
FR1366148A (fr) * 1963-05-28 1964-07-10 Calibreur
EP0001172A1 (fr) * 1977-09-05 1979-03-21 Peabody Holmes Limited Appareil et procédé de classement de solides hétérogènes
FI852997L (fi) * 1984-08-31 1986-03-01 Beloit Corp Foerhindrande av tilltaeppning genom fastkilning av skivdisksortermaskiner.
SU1411056A1 (ru) * 1986-06-23 1988-07-23 Научно-исследовательский и проектно-технологический институт механизации и электрификации сельского хозяйства Нечерноземной зоны РСФСР Сортирующее устройство дл корнеклубнеплодов
US4741444A (en) * 1987-01-08 1988-05-03 Beloit Corporation Disc module spacer improvement
SU1540872A1 (ru) * 1987-11-20 1990-02-07 Украинская сельскохозяйственная академия Устройство дл классификации зернистых материалов
JPH01299678A (ja) * 1988-05-30 1989-12-04 Ube Ind Ltd 選別機
SU1622028A1 (ru) * 1988-08-11 1991-01-23 Научно-исследовательский и проектно-технологический институт механизации и электрификации сельского хозяйства Нечерноземной зоны РСФСР Сортирующее устройство дл корнеклубнеплодов

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO9820986A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7577796A (en) 1998-06-03
WO1998020986A1 (fr) 1998-05-22
JP2001504031A (ja) 2001-03-27
KR20000053269A (ko) 2000-08-25
CA2271121A1 (fr) 1998-05-22

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