EP0938166A1 - EMP-arrester - Google Patents

EMP-arrester Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0938166A1
EP0938166A1 EP99810133A EP99810133A EP0938166A1 EP 0938166 A1 EP0938166 A1 EP 0938166A1 EP 99810133 A EP99810133 A EP 99810133A EP 99810133 A EP99810133 A EP 99810133A EP 0938166 A1 EP0938166 A1 EP 0938166A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arrester
line
emp
decoupled
arrester according
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Granted
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EP99810133A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0938166B1 (en
Inventor
Gregor Kühne
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Huber and Suhner AG
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Huber and Suhner AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
    • H01P1/202—Coaxial filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/08—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps structurally associated with protected apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2103/00—Two poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/38—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
    • H01R24/40—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency
    • H01R24/42—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches
    • H01R24/44—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches comprising impedance matching means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/38—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
    • H01R24/40—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency
    • H01R24/42—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches
    • H01R24/48—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches comprising protection devices, e.g. overvoltage protection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an EMP arrester in a coaxial line consisting of a housing placed in the outer conductor and one with the inner conductor the coaxial line electrically connected ⁇ / 4 line at their The end of an arrester is contacted with the housing in accordance with the definition of the claims.
  • Swiss patent application 158/97 provides for a gas discharge - Surge arrester which is between the outer conductor of the coaxial line and the ⁇ / 2 line is contacted to derive interference currents and interference voltages or reflect.
  • This ⁇ / 2 line with its pot circles and in series switched gas discharge surge arrester acts as a frequency selective Filters for multiple frequency bands and allows the simultaneous transmission of AC / DC supply voltages.
  • the EMP arrester according to claim 1 shows an arrester which is between the housing and an electrically extended ⁇ / 4 line is used interchangeably, wherein a capacitor is connected in parallel to the arrester, which also carries the line for HF connects the housing and together with the ⁇ / 4 line a parallel resonant circuit forms.
  • Gas discharge surge arresters are suitable as surge arresters, Varistors or different types of diodes.
  • This circuit enables the transmission of AC / DC supply voltage and is for suitable for the simultaneous transmission of HF frequency bands with high power, without generating intermodulation products or without Use of a gas discharge surge arrester whose extinguishing behavior negatively changes. Furthermore, this switching arrangement enables the transmission of large ones HF powers, this in broad frequency bands, at very high, with upwards in principle unlimited frequencies and with the smallest static response voltage the surge arrester. With this invention, terminals with AC / DC dine and at the same time effectively protect against harmful electrical surges.
  • the sectional view according to FIG. 2 or 6, for example, as a plug-in coupling designed EMP arrester consists of an outer conductor 10, which is cylindrical Housing with connectors 11 and 12 arranged on both sides for screw connections or has plug connections of coaxial conductors.
  • the connector is 11 left in the drawing as a connection to the unprotected area, for example to an antenna, thought and the connector 12, right in the drawing is supposed to be the protected Connect to an electronic device.
  • this EMP arrester on a screw connection or to be attached to a housing bushing as an earth connection. Is to a screw connection 18 or a flange 13 on the outer conductor 10 is present together with a washer 17 or the like.
  • An outer hollow cylinder is screwed into a middle part 106 of the outer conductor 10 or put on.
  • This outer hollow cylinder 20 is with a screwed end cover 21 provided.
  • An arrester 28 is inserted into the end cover 21.
  • the arrester 28 can as a gas discharge surge arrester (see Figures 1 and 2), or as a Varistor (see FIG. 3), or also as a diode, for example as a transzorb diode, zener diode, Suppressor diode, protection diode, etc. (see Figure 4) can be designed.
  • the arrester 28 is interchangeable and can be opened by opening the cover 21 can be replaced quickly and easily.
  • the length of line 24 is electrical extended ⁇ / 4 wavelength of the frequency band to be transmitted tuned.
  • the Diverter 28 is contacted between a line 24 and the end cover 21.
  • the disk 40 with the concentrated capacitance 41 is arranged parallel to the arrester 28.
  • the line 24 between the inner conductor 30 and the arrester 28 acts by the capacitance of the capacitance 41 as the ⁇ / 4 short-circuit line of the transmission Frequency band.
  • the electrical length of line 24 can be determined by attaching dielectrics 25 Shorten geometrically in the area of the line 24. For this reason, they are hollow cylinders 20 and conductor 24 in Figures 2 and 6 drawn interrupted. Also lets the length of the conduit 24 is concentrated by attaching one or more Capacities or reactances, which are, for example, by one or more End disks 26, cup or cylinder capacities are formed, shorten geometrically. These measures are optional, but they have many advantages because they enable, for example, a small installation dimension, thereby simple assembly, etc..
  • the bandwidth of the frequency band to be transmitted can be subdivided of the inner conductor 30 into different line sections 31, 32, 33, 34, with attribution corresponding wave impedances.
  • An exemplary arrangement such line sections 31, 32, 33, 34 is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the Bandwidth of the frequency band to be transmitted via bandpass transformations set to up to an octave.
  • the concentrated capacitance 41 and the arrester 28 are connected in parallel. With the Line 24, the dielectric 25 attached in the area of line 24, one or a plurality of end disks 26 of the line 24 and the concentrated capacity 41 the arrester 28 decouple to such an extent that the transmitted HF frequency band No voltage maxima occur at the front. That way For example, a gas discharge surge arrester cannot pre-ionize.
  • the level of the transmissible frequencies is determined by the invention Switching is not limited per se, the connector sizes are limiting. It is quite possible to use frequencies when using other connector sizes to be transmitted far above 30 GHz.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Waveguides (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

Protection against electromagnetic transients in a coaxial cable is provided by a unit inserted that has a T shape and within this is a contact (26) to the internal conductor. The branch conductor (24) connects with a concentric capacitor (41) that acts as a high frequency short circuit so the conductor (24) acts as a Quarter wave short circuit.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen EMP-Ableiter in einer Koaxialleitung bestehend aus einem in den Aussenleiter aufgesetzten Gehäuse und einer mit dem Innenleiter der Koaxialleitung elektrisch leitend verbundenen λ/4 Leitung an deren Ende ein Ableiter mit dem Gehäuse kontaktiert ist gemäss der Definition der Ansprüche.The present invention relates to an EMP arrester in a coaxial line consisting of a housing placed in the outer conductor and one with the inner conductor the coaxial line electrically connected λ / 4 line at their The end of an arrester is contacted with the housing in accordance with the definition of the claims.

Elektromagnetische Impulse künstlicher Art, wie sie von Motoren, Schaltern, getakteten Netzteilen oder ähnlichem erzeugt werden können, sowie natürlichen Ursprungs, wie von direkten oder indirekten Blitzschlägen, werden durch induktive, kapazitive oder galvanische Kopplung über koaxiale Leitungen in die angeschlossenen Geräte geführt und können diese beschädigen oder gar zerstören. Es ist bekannt, die Geräte gegen erhebliche Überspannungen, Störspannungen oder Blitzströme an deren Eingang durch ableitende oder reflektierende Systeme zu schützen. Bekannt geworden sind beispielsweise EMP - Gasableiter auch EMP - Charge - Eliminator genannt, mit denen diese schädlichen Ströme, Spannungen und bestimmte Frequenzen abgeleitet oder reflektiert werden können. Solche Anordnungen sind aus dem Schweizer Patent CH-660261 und aus den Schweizer Patentanmeldungen 914/95, 158/97 bekannt. Artificial electromagnetic pulses, such as those clocked by motors, switches Power supplies or the like can be generated, as well as natural origin, as from direct or indirect lightning strikes, are caused by inductive, capacitive or galvanic coupling via coaxial lines into the connected Devices run and can damage or even destroy them. It is known, the devices against considerable overvoltages, interference voltages or lightning currents protect their entrance with dissipative or reflective systems. Known For example, EMP gas arresters have also become EMP charge eliminators called with which these harmful currents, voltages and certain frequencies can be derived or reflected. Such arrangements are from the Swiss patent CH-660261 and from Swiss patent applications 914/95, 158/97 known.

In der Schweizer Patentanmeldung 158/97 ist vorgesehen, mittels eines Gas-entladungs - Überspannungsableiters welcher zwischen dem Aussenleiter der Koaxialleitung und der λ/2 Leitung kontaktiert ist Störströme und Störspannungen abzuleiten oder zu reflektieren. Diese λ/2 Leitung mit ihren Topfkreisen und des in Serie geschalteten Gasentladungs - Überspannungsableiters wirkt als frequenzselektives Filter für mehrere Frequenzbänder und ermöglicht die gleichzeitige Übertragung von AC/DC Speisespannungen.Swiss patent application 158/97 provides for a gas discharge - Surge arrester which is between the outer conductor of the coaxial line and the λ / 2 line is contacted to derive interference currents and interference voltages or reflect. This λ / 2 line with its pot circles and in series switched gas discharge surge arrester acts as a frequency selective Filters for multiple frequency bands and allows the simultaneous transmission of AC / DC supply voltages.

Bekannte Schutzschaltungen mit Gasentladungs - Überspannungsableiter weisen mehrere Nachteile auf. So werden bei der Übertragung von HF-Leistungen Intermodulationsprodukte generiert. Durch die HF-Leistung resultiert eine gewisse Vorioni-sation, wodurch die Gasentladungs- Überspannungsableiter ein vermindertes Löschverhalten aufweisen. Ferner ist die statische Ansprechspannung der Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter von der HF-Sendeleistung abhängig. Diese Nachteile schränken die Anwendung von Gasentladungs - Überspannungsableitern in Sendezweigen ein.Known protective circuits with gas discharge surge arresters several disadvantages. This is how intermodulation products become when transmitting RF power generated. The RF power results in a certain amount of pre-ionization, whereby the gas discharge surge arrester has a reduced extinguishing behavior exhibit. Furthermore, the static response voltage of the gas discharge surge arrester dependent on the RF transmission power. Limit these disadvantages the use of gas discharge surge arresters in transmission branches on.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen EMP-Ableiter zu schaffen, der bei der Übertragung von HF-Sendeleistungen keine Intermodulationsprodukte generiert, keine Verschlechterung des Löschverhaltens aufzeigt, der unabhängig von der gewählten Sendeleistung mit einem Überspannungsableiter der kleinsten möglichen Ansprechspannung bestückbar ist und der gleichzeitig die Übertragung von AC/DC-Speisespannungen zulässt.It is an object of the invention to provide an EMP arrester which is used in the transmission no intermodulation products generated by RF transmission power, no deterioration of the deletion behavior, regardless of the selected transmission power with a surge arrester with the smallest possible response voltage can be equipped and which simultaneously transmits AC / DC supply voltages allows.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den Ansprüchen definierte Erfindung gelöst. This object is achieved by the invention defined in the claims.

Der EMP-Ableiter gemäss Anspruch 1 zeigt einen Ableiter, der zwischen Gehäuse und einer elektrisch verlängerten λ/4 Leitung auswechselbar eingesetzt ist, wobei parallel zum Ableiter eine Kapazität geschaltet ist, welche die Leitung für HF mit dem Gehäuse verbindet und zusammen mit der λ/4 Leitung einen Parallelschwingkreis bildet. Als Überspannungsableiter eignen sich Gasentladungs - Überspan-nungsableiter, Varistoren oder auch verschiedene Arten von Dioden.The EMP arrester according to claim 1 shows an arrester which is between the housing and an electrically extended λ / 4 line is used interchangeably, wherein a capacitor is connected in parallel to the arrester, which also carries the line for HF connects the housing and together with the λ / 4 line a parallel resonant circuit forms. Gas discharge surge arresters are suitable as surge arresters, Varistors or different types of diodes.

Diese Schaltung ermöglicht die Übertragung von AC/DC-Speisespannung und ist für die gleichzeitige Übertragung von HF-Frequenzbändern mit grosser Leistung geeignet, ohne dass dabei Intermodulationsprodukte generiert werden oder dass sich bei Verwendung eines Gasentladungs - Überspannungsableiters dessen Löschverhalten negativ ändert. Ferner ermöglicht diese Schaltanordnung die Übertragung von gro-ssen HF-Leistungen, dies in breiten Frequenzbändern, bei sehr hohen, bei nach oben prinzipiell unbegrenzten Frequenzen und bei kleinster statischer Ansprechspannung der Überspannungsableiter. Mit dieser Erfindung lassen sich Endgeräte mit AC/DC speisen und gleichzeitig wirkungsvoll gegen schädliche Stromstösse schützen.This circuit enables the transmission of AC / DC supply voltage and is for suitable for the simultaneous transmission of HF frequency bands with high power, without generating intermodulation products or without Use of a gas discharge surge arrester whose extinguishing behavior negatively changes. Furthermore, this switching arrangement enables the transmission of large ones HF powers, this in broad frequency bands, at very high, with upwards in principle unlimited frequencies and with the smallest static response voltage the surge arrester. With this invention, terminals with AC / DC dine and at the same time effectively protect against harmful electrical surges.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend beispielhaft erläutert: Es zeigen:

  • Fig.1 ein elektrisches Prinzipschema einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines entkoppelten EMP - Ableiters mit Gasentladungs- Überspannungs-ableiter als Ableiter,
  • Fig. 2 eine beispielhafte Schnittansicht durch einen Teil der ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des EMP-Ableiters gemäss Figur 1,
  • Fig. 3 ein elektrisches Prinzipschema einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines entkoppelten EMP - Ableiters mit einem Varistor als Ableiter,
  • Fig. 4 ein elektrisches Prinzipschema einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines entkoppelten EMP - Ableiters mit einer Diode als Ableiter,
  • Fig. 5 ein elektrisches Prinzipschema einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines entkoppelten EMP - Ableiters mit unterschiedlichen Leitungs-abschnitten in der Hauptleitung,
  • Fig. 6 eine beispielhafte Schnittansicht durch einen Teil der weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines EMP-Ableiters gemäss Figur 5.
    • Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below by way of example:
  • 1 shows an electrical schematic diagram of a first preferred embodiment of a decoupled EMP arrester with a gas discharge surge arrester as arrester,
  • 2 shows an exemplary sectional view through part of the first preferred embodiment of the EMP arrester according to FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows an electrical schematic diagram of a further preferred embodiment of a decoupled EMP arrester with a varistor as arrester,
  • 4 shows an electrical schematic diagram of a further preferred embodiment of a decoupled EMP arrester with a diode as arrester,
  • 5 shows an electrical schematic diagram of a further preferred embodiment of a decoupled EMP arrester with different line sections in the main line,
  • 6 shows an exemplary sectional view through part of the further preferred embodiment of an EMP arrester according to FIG. 5.

    • Der bspw. in der Schnittansicht gemäss der Fig. 2 oder 6 als steckbare Kupplung ausgestaltete EMP-Ableiter besteht aus einem Aussenleiter 10, der als zylindrisches Gehäuse mit beidseits angeordneten Verbindern 11 und 12 für Schraubanschlüsse oder Steckverbindungen von koaxialen Leitern aufweist. Dabei ist der Verbinder 11 links in der Zeichnung als Verbindung in das ungeschützte Gebiet, beispielsweise zu einer Antenne, gedacht und der Verbinder 12, rechts in der Zeichnung soll den geschützten Anschluss an ein elektronisches Gerät bilden. In den dargestellten beispielhaften Ausführungen ist vorgesehen, diesen EMP-Ableiter an einer Schraubverbindung oder an einer Gehäusedurchführung als Erdverbindung zu befestigen. Dazu ist eine Schraubverbindung 18 oder ein Flansch 13 am Aussenleiter 10 vorhanden, der zusammen mit einer Unterlagsscheibe 17 oder dgl. und einer Mutter 16 eine Schraubbefestigung an einer Gehäusewand ergibt. Eine zusätzliche Dichtung 14 aus veredeltem Weichkupfer bewirkt eine widerstandsarme und induktivitätsarme Kontaktierung. Andere Befestigungsmöglichkeiten gemäss anderer Verbindungsnormen stehen dem Fachmann bei Kenntnis der vorliegenden Erfindung grundsätzlich zur Verfügung. The sectional view according to FIG. 2 or 6, for example, as a plug-in coupling designed EMP arrester consists of an outer conductor 10, which is cylindrical Housing with connectors 11 and 12 arranged on both sides for screw connections or has plug connections of coaxial conductors. The connector is 11 left in the drawing as a connection to the unprotected area, for example to an antenna, thought and the connector 12, right in the drawing is supposed to be the protected Connect to an electronic device. In the illustrated exemplary Versions are provided, this EMP arrester on a screw connection or to be attached to a housing bushing as an earth connection. Is to a screw connection 18 or a flange 13 on the outer conductor 10 is present together with a washer 17 or the like. and a nut 16 a Screw fastening on a housing wall results. An additional seal 14 refined soft copper results in low-resistance and low-inductance contacting. Other mounting options according to other connection standards are generally available to those skilled in the art with knowledge of the present invention Available.

    In ein Mittelteil 106 des Aussenleiters 10 ist ein äusserer Hohlzylinder eingeschraubt bzw. aufgesetzt. Dieser äussere Hohlzylinder 20 ist mit einem aufgeschraubten Abschlussdeckel 21 versehen. In den Abschlussdeckel 21 ist ein Ableiter 28 eingesetzt. Mehrere Ausführungsformen von Ableitern 28 sind möglich. Der Ableiter 28 kann als Gasentladungs - Überspannungsableiter (siehe Figuren 1 und 2), oder auch als Varistor (siehe Figur 3), oder auch als Diode, bspw. als Transzorbdiode, Zenerdiode, Suppresordiode, Schutzdiode, usw. (siehe Figur 4) ausgestaltet sein. Vorteilhafterweise ist der Ableiter 28 austauschbar und kann durch Öffnen des Abschlussdeckels 21 rasch und einfach ersetzt werden. Die Länge der Leitung 24 ist auf die elektrisch verlängerte λ/4 Wellenlänge des zu übertragenen Frequenzbandes abgestimmt. Der Ableiter 28 ist zwischen einer Leitung 24 und dem Abschlussdeckel 21 kontaktiert. Die Scheibe 40 mit der konzentrierten Kapazität 41 ist parallel zum Ableiter 28 angeordnet. Die Leitung 24 zwischen dem Innenleiter 30 und dem Ableiter 28 wirkt durch die Kapazitanz der Kapazität 41 als λ/4 Kurzschlussleitung des zu übertragenden Frequenzbandes.An outer hollow cylinder is screwed into a middle part 106 of the outer conductor 10 or put on. This outer hollow cylinder 20 is with a screwed end cover 21 provided. An arrester 28 is inserted into the end cover 21. Several embodiments of arresters 28 are possible. The arrester 28 can as a gas discharge surge arrester (see Figures 1 and 2), or as a Varistor (see FIG. 3), or also as a diode, for example as a transzorb diode, zener diode, Suppressor diode, protection diode, etc. (see Figure 4) can be designed. Advantageously the arrester 28 is interchangeable and can be opened by opening the cover 21 can be replaced quickly and easily. The length of line 24 is electrical extended λ / 4 wavelength of the frequency band to be transmitted tuned. Of the Diverter 28 is contacted between a line 24 and the end cover 21. The disk 40 with the concentrated capacitance 41 is arranged parallel to the arrester 28. The line 24 between the inner conductor 30 and the arrester 28 acts by the capacitance of the capacitance 41 as the λ / 4 short-circuit line of the transmission Frequency band.

    Die elektrische Länge der Leitung 24 lässt sich durch Anbringen von Dielektrika 25 im Bereich der Leitung 24 geometrisch verkürzen. Aus diesem Grund sind Hohlzylinder 20 und Leiter 24 in den Figuren 2 und 6 unterbrochen gezeichnet. Auch lässt sich die Länge der Leitung 24 durch Anbringen von einer oder mehrerer konzentrierten Kapazitäten oder Blindwiderständen, welche bspw. durch eine oder mehrere Endscheiben 26, Topf- oder Zylinderkapazitäten gebildet werden, geometrisch verkürzen. Diese Massnahmen sind optional, aber sie haben vielfältige Vorteile, denn sie ermöglichen ein bspw. geringes Einbaumass, dadurch eine einfache Montage, usw..The electrical length of line 24 can be determined by attaching dielectrics 25 Shorten geometrically in the area of the line 24. For this reason, they are hollow cylinders 20 and conductor 24 in Figures 2 and 6 drawn interrupted. Also lets the length of the conduit 24 is concentrated by attaching one or more Capacities or reactances, which are, for example, by one or more End disks 26, cup or cylinder capacities are formed, shorten geometrically. These measures are optional, but they have many advantages because they enable, for example, a small installation dimension, thereby simple assembly, etc..

    Die Bandbreite des zu übertragenden Frequenzbandes lässt sich mittels Unterteilung des Innenleiters 30 in unterschiedliche Leitungsabschnitte 31, 32, 33, 34, mit Zurechnung entsprechender Wellenimpedanzen, bestimmen. Eine beispielhafte Anordnung solcher Leitungsabschnitte 31, 32, 33, 34 ist in den Figuren 5 und 6 dargestellt. Mittels dieser Leitungsabschnitte 31, 32, 33, 34 und deren Impedanzen lässt sich die Bandbreite des zu übertragenen Frequenzbandes über Bandpass-Transformationen auf bis zu einer Oktave einstellen.The bandwidth of the frequency band to be transmitted can be subdivided of the inner conductor 30 into different line sections 31, 32, 33, 34, with attribution corresponding wave impedances. An exemplary arrangement such line sections 31, 32, 33, 34 is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. By means of these line sections 31, 32, 33, 34 and their impedances, the Bandwidth of the frequency band to be transmitted via bandpass transformations set to up to an octave.

    Die konzentrierte Kapazität 41 und der Ableiter 28 sind parallel geschaltet. Mit der Leitung 24, dem im Bereich der Leitung 24 angebrachten Dielektrika 25, einer oder mehrerer Endscheiben 26 der Leitung 24 und der konzentrierten Kapazität 41 lässt sich der Ableiter 28 soweit entkoppeln, dass durch das übertragene HF - Frequenzband an der Stirnseite keine Spannungsmaxima auftreten. Auf diese Art und Weise kann sich bspw. ein Gasentladungs - Überspannungsableiter nicht vorionisieren.The concentrated capacitance 41 and the arrester 28 are connected in parallel. With the Line 24, the dielectric 25 attached in the area of line 24, one or a plurality of end disks 26 of the line 24 and the concentrated capacity 41 the arrester 28 decouple to such an extent that the transmitted HF frequency band No voltage maxima occur at the front. That way For example, a gas discharge surge arrester cannot pre-ionize.

    Mit der Leitung 24, dem im Bereich der Leitung 24 angebrachten Dielektrika 25, einer oder mehrerer Endscheiben 26 der Leitung 24, der Leitungsabschnitte 31, 32, 33, 34 und deren Impedanzen wird die Bandbreite sowie der Frequenzbereich des zu übertragenen Signals bestimmt. Damit lassen sich Bandbreiten bis zu einer Oktave realisieren und gleichzeitig AC/DC Speisespannungen übertragen und vor schädlichen Störern schützen, so dass Endgeräte verschiedenster Art vor EMP - Einwirkungen geschützt werden können. Bspw. werden Frequenzbänder zwischen 100 MHz und 30 GHz übertragen. Die Höhe der übertragbaren Frequenzen wird durch die er-findungsgemässe Schaltung an sich nicht limitiert, limitierend sind die Verbindergrössen. Es ist durchaus möglich, bei Verwendung anderer Verbindergrössen auch Frequenzen weit oberhalb von 30 GHz zu übertragen.With the line 24, the dielectric 25 attached in the area of the line 24, one or more end disks 26 of the line 24, the line sections 31, 32, 33, 34 and their impedances becomes the bandwidth as well as the frequency range of the transmitted signal determined. This allows bandwidths up to an octave realize and at the same time transfer AC / DC supply voltages and protect against harmful Protect interferers, so that all kinds of end devices against EMP effects can be protected. E.g. become frequency bands between 100 MHz and 30 GHz transmitted. The level of the transmissible frequencies is determined by the invention Switching is not limited per se, the connector sizes are limiting. It is quite possible to use frequencies when using other connector sizes to be transmitted far above 30 GHz.

    Claims (11)

    Entkoppelter EMP - Ableiter in einer Koaxialleitung, mit einem in einen Aussenleiter (10) aufgesetzten Gehäuse (20) und einem mit einem Innenleiter der Koaxialleitung (30) elektrisch durch eine Leitung (24) verbundenen Ableiter (28), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass parallel zum Ableiter (28) zwischen Gehäuse (20) und Leiter (24) eine konzentrierte Kapazität (41) eingesetzt ist, und diese durch die Kapazitanz der Kapazität (41) als HF-Kurzschluss wirkt und so die Leitung (24) als λ/4 Kurzschlussleitung des zu übertragenden Frequenzbandes wirkt.Decoupled EMP arrester in a coaxial line, with one in an outer conductor (10) attached housing (20) and one with an inner conductor of the coaxial line (30) electrically connected through a line (24) arrester (28), thereby characterized in that parallel to the arrester (28) between the housing (20) and Head (24) a concentrated capacity (41) is used, and this through the Capacitance of the capacitance (41) acts as an HF short circuit and thus the line (24) acts as a λ / 4 short-circuit line of the frequency band to be transmitted. Entkoppelter EMP - Ableiter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Ableiter (28) ein Gasentladungs - Überspannungsableiter mit Leitung (24) verbunden ist.Decoupled EMP arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that as Arrester (28) a gas discharge surge arrester connected to line (24) is. Entkoppelter EMP - Ableiter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Ableiter (28) ein Varistor mit Leitung (24) verbunden ist.Decoupled EMP arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that as Arrester (28) a varistor is connected to line (24). Entkoppelter EMP - Ableiter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Ableiter (28) eine Diode mit Leitung (24) verbunden ist. Decoupled EMP arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that as Arrester (28) a diode is connected to line (24). Entkoppelter EMP - Ableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge des Leiters (24) auf die Mitte der elektrisch verlängerten λ/4 Wellenlänge des zu übertragenen Frequenzbandes abgestimmt ist.Decoupled EMP arrester according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the length of the conductor (24) is extended to the center of the electrically λ / 4 wavelength of the frequency band to be transmitted is tuned. Entkoppelter EMP - Ableiter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Dielektrika (25) im Bereich der Leitung (24) die λ/4 Wellenlänge elektrisch verlängert.Decoupled EMP arrester according to claim 5, characterized in that Dielectrics (25) in the area of the line (24) electrically lengthen the λ / 4 wavelength. Entkoppelter EMP - Ableiter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine oder mehrere Endscheiben (26) der Leitung (24) die λ/4 Wellenlänge elektrisch verlängert.Decoupled EMP arrester according to claim 5, characterized in that a or several end plates (26) of the line (24) the λ / 4 wavelength electrically extended. Entkoppelter EMP - Ableiter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch den Durchmesser des Gehäuses (20) die Bandbreite des durchzulassenden Frequenzbandes bestimmt ist.Decoupled EMP arrester according to claim 5, characterized in that by the diameter of the housing (20), the bandwidth of the to be let through Frequency band is determined. Entkoppelter EMP - Ableiter nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine oder mehrere Endscheiben oder Topf- oder Zylinderkapazitäten im Bereich der Leitung (24) konzentrierte Kapazitäten oder Blindwiderstände bilden und die λ/4 Wellenlänge elektrisch verlängern.Decoupled EMP arrester according to claim 8, characterized in that a or several end disks or pot or cylinder capacities in the area of Line (24) form concentrated capacitances or reactances and the λ / 4 Extend the wavelength electrically. Entkoppelter EMP - Ableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass unterschiedliche Leitungsabschnitte (31, 32, 33, 34) entsprechender Wellenimpedanz die Bandbreite des Frequenzbandes bestimmen. Decoupled EMP arrester according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that that different line sections (31, 32, 33, 34) are more appropriate Wave impedance determine the bandwidth of the frequency band. Verwendung des entkoppelten EMP - Ableiters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auch bei grosser Sendeleistung ein Ableiter (28) mit der kleinsten verfügbaren statischen und dynamischen Ansprechspannung eingesetzt werden kann, ohne dass diese durch die Sendeleistung zum zünden gebracht oder am löschen gehindert wird.Use of the decoupled EMP arrester according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that an arrester (28) even with a large transmission power with the smallest available static and dynamic response voltage can be used without causing the transmitter power to ignite or is prevented from deleting.
    EP99810133A 1998-02-17 1999-02-15 EMP-arrester Expired - Lifetime EP0938166B1 (en)

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    US6456478B1 (en) 2002-09-24
    DE59905600D1 (en) 2003-06-26
    US6101080A (en) 2000-08-08
    ES2142785T1 (en) 2000-05-01
    AU740311B2 (en) 2001-11-01
    EP0938166B1 (en) 2003-05-21
    CA2285400A1 (en) 1999-08-26
    AU2261999A (en) 1999-09-06
    CA2262124C (en) 2002-11-19
    ES2142785T3 (en) 2002-05-01
    ES2136588T1 (en) 1999-12-01
    EP0978157A1 (en) 2000-02-09
    CA2262124A1 (en) 1999-08-17
    EP0978157B1 (en) 2001-11-21
    AU1547299A (en) 1999-09-02
    WO1999043052A1 (en) 1999-08-26
    ES2136588T3 (en) 2004-02-01
    DE59900671D1 (en) 2002-02-21
    AU748556B2 (en) 2002-06-06
    NZ337977A (en) 2002-02-01
    NZ334210A (en) 2000-05-26
    CA2285400C (en) 2003-08-05

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