EP0938100A1 - High frequency transmission cable with two conductor groups - Google Patents

High frequency transmission cable with two conductor groups Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0938100A1
EP0938100A1 EP99400358A EP99400358A EP0938100A1 EP 0938100 A1 EP0938100 A1 EP 0938100A1 EP 99400358 A EP99400358 A EP 99400358A EP 99400358 A EP99400358 A EP 99400358A EP 0938100 A1 EP0938100 A1 EP 0938100A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheath
groups
cable
electrical conductors
portions
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP99400358A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0938100B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Gombert
Patrick Jamet
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Sagem SA
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Sagem SA
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Publication of EP0938100B1 publication Critical patent/EP0938100B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/08—Flat or ribbon cables
    • H01B7/0807—Twin conductor or cable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/08—Flat or ribbon cables
    • H01B7/0876—Flat or ribbon cables comprising twisted pairs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cable transmission for high frequency signals, telephone and / or data processing and video (voice, data, images).
  • the cable is substantially shaped flat and has at least two groups of wires individually insulated electrical conductors surrounded by a collective holding sheath. Each group includes at least one symmetrical pair of wires insulated electrical conductors, for example a fourth star made up of two pairs of wires insulated conductors arranged at the top of a square, the two insulated conductors of the same pair being arranged along a diagonal of the square.
  • the relative positioning of the conducting wires isolated forming a fourth star is essential for maintain perfect symmetry of the fourth. All lack of symmetry of the fourth results in parasitic couplings causing errors of transmission which can only be corrected depends on the speed of the information transmitted in the fourth.
  • European patent application EP 0642139 proposes a cable whose retaining sheath is divided into two portions each surrounding one of the two groups insulated electrical conductors.
  • the portions of retaining sheath are half-opened opposite along the cable so as to form two tabs independent sheaths which can be substantially joined but not merged, or which may be contiguous and slightly adherent to each other, and which extend longitudinally between the two groups of insulated electrical conductors.
  • the tongues delimit between them a constriction having a width less than the diameter of the wires insulated electrical conductors.
  • the objective the characteristics of this known cable is to ensure easy stripping without special cutting tools, for rupture or tearing or cutting of at least one of the tabs to open the retaining sheath and access groups of electrical conductors isolated.
  • each group of wires insulated electrical conductors is a pair of wires conductive, or includes four conductive wires freely arranged, or assembled by ribbons in two separate pairs.
  • European patent application EP 0642139 does not address maintaining wire symmetry insulated electrical conductors in at least two groups such as quartes, and does not disclose any method of manufacturing the retaining sheath.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a support sheath between at least two groups of insulated electrical conductors comprising symmetrical pairs so as to maintain symmetry in each pair and at maintain a constant distance between groups in order to attenuate any crosstalk between groups and keep a constant impedance along the cable, while allowing sheath manufacturing holding in a single extrusion operation.
  • a high transmission cable frequency comprising two groups insulated electrical conductors individually and a retaining sheath surrounding together and now separated longitudinally the two groups, is characterized by a narrowing which extends longitudinally between the two groups conductors and between two longitudinal portions concave of the retaining sheath and which has a width between one diameter and two wire diameters insulated electrical conductors.
  • the concave longitudinal portions of the sheath holding forming a narrowing thereof between groups of electrical conductors insulated maintain at a constant distance the groups and push these against portions lateral convex of the retaining sheath which prevents groups from moving to one the other.
  • the width of the narrowing between one and two diameters of electrical conductors isolated now a relatively large space between the two groups, gives the cable a sufficient flexibility in different handling of the cable, for example when manufacturing, pulling or laying the cable.
  • the shrinkage is easily achieved with just one extrusion operation of the retaining sheath, such as this will appear in the subsequent description of method of manufacturing the cable according to the invention.
  • each cross section of each portion concave longitudinal of the retaining sheath is applied against one of the conductive wires isolated in one of the groups and one of the insulated electrical conductors in each other group located on either side of the narrowing.
  • the retaining sheath although not enveloping completely each group of wires, keeps it in place at a constant position in section transverse to the other group of wires, this which gives a very low level of crosstalk.
  • a flat longitudinal strip, or cylindrical, or with any other suitable profile, in insulating material can be accommodated in the narrowing between the groups of insulated electrical conductors and pinched between the concave longitudinal portions of the retaining sheath.
  • the cable may include a tearing cord extending between one of the side portions convex of the retaining sheath and the group respective insulated electrical conductors. The pulling one of the ropes tears the sheath holding during a draw of one of the groups without necessarily drawing the other group.
  • An at least partially metallic screen can surround the retaining sheath, and a wire electrical continuity and / or tearing wire can extend between the two portions concave longitudinal of the retaining sheath and the screen, which gives a regular oval profile to the cable despite the concave longitudinal portions of the retaining sheath.
  • Each group of electrical conductors isolated can be a fourth star. More usually more than two groups of wires insulated electrical conductors can be juxtaposed substantially flat in the sheath maintained and separated two by two by narrowing each delimited by two portions respective concave longitudinal sheaths of maintenance.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacture of high transmission cable frequency of the invention, using an extruder comprising an inlet pipe extended coaxially by a conduit of a tubular punch having a tapered front end surrounded by a die.
  • the process is characterized by guiding the groups insulated electrical conductors in the front end of the punch conduit for keep juxtaposed in an axial plane with a predetermined spacing corresponding to the narrowing in the retaining sheath, by a suction created by an extraction pumping means communicating with the inlet conduit to generate a vacuum in the extruded support sheath leaving the die in front of the front end tapering of the punch, and by adjusting the means of extraction pumping so that the depression deforms longitudinal portions of the holding sheath between groups of electrical conductors isolated and draws them towards each other at a distance equal to the width of the narrowing for forming the concave longitudinal portions.
  • the pumping extraction means of the process is adjusted to a suction pressure of between 10 2 and 10 5 pascals approximately so that the narrowing has a width of between one and two diameters of wires for a cable having a thickness of a few millimeters .
  • Cross sections at the front ends punch and die conduits can have similar oblong or elliptical profiles and significantly larger than the outline of the support sheath, which requires a vacuum lower than that with die ends and conventionally cylindrical punch, but at expense of a more extruder tool specialized.
  • the process includes a guiding a flat longitudinal strip, or cylindrical, or with any other suitable profile, in insulating material between the groups of wires insulated electrical conductors in the duct of the punching and pinching the strip by the portions concave longitudinal of the holding sheath drawn to each other by depression.
  • a high frequency transmission cable CA1 comprises two groups of individually insulated electrical conductor wires 1a and 1b.
  • similar elements or elements relating to similar elements in the two groups 1a and 1b will be designated by the same reference numerals followed by the letter a and b respectively.
  • Each group of conducting wires 1a, 1b is a twisted star quad composed of four wires individually insulated electrical conductors 2a to 5a, 2b to 5b.
  • Each insulated electrical conductor consists of a solid conductor or a strand of fine annealed copper wires 6 and an insulating sheath individual 7 surrounding the solid conductor 6, for example in polyethylene or solid polypropylene, or cellular, or cellular and massive.
  • the four electrical conductors isolated 2a to 4a, 2b to 4b in a quarter la, 1b are arranged at the vertices of a square and are symmetrical two by two with respect to the axes and the diagonals of any square of cross section along the twists of the quarter in order to avoid any defect of symmetry of the fourth that can induce parasitic couplings.
  • the CA1 holding cable also includes a thin insulating support sheath 8 surrounding together the two quarters 1a and 1b.
  • the retaining sheath 8 is in a thermoplastic material extruded according to the process of the invention, the thermoplastic material preferably being transparent so as to distinguish the different colors of the sheaths individual 7 insulated conductors in each of the two quartes.
  • the sheath of holding has a thickness between 0.1 and 1 mm.
  • the thermoplastic material of the retaining sheath such as for example polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC, has low dielectric constant and characteristics sufficient mechanical to maintain the qualities and flexibility of the cable.
  • the holding sheath 8 of the cable CA1 is symmetrical about a median longitudinal plane YY passing between the two quarters la and 1b and dividing the sheath into two portions 81a and 81b which are substantially in the shape of horseshoes whose ends are joined two by two.
  • the pairs of ends joined together of the portions of sheaths of holding 81a and 81b constitute two portions longitudinal centrals 82 and 83 which are concave, that is to say which have internal surfaces convex symmetrical to each other with respect to a longitudinal plane having as trace XX in the Figure 1, perpendicular to the YY plane and passing through the central axes of the two quartes.
  • a space 84 located inside the sheath 8 between the two quarters la and 1b constitutes a shrinking with respect to the thickness E of retaining sheath portions 81a and 81b which only partially surround the quads 1a and 1b; indeed, portions of the sheaths individual 7 of two adjacent conductive wires 2a and 3a of the fourth and two conductors adjacent 2b and 3b of quarter 1b are two-by-two directly opposite and separated by shrinkage 84.
  • Each portion of sheath holding 81a, 81b partially surrounds the fourth respective 1a, 1b, without the conductive wires isolated 2a to 5a, 2b to 5b are embedded in the portion of respective retaining sheath 81a, 81b.
  • the curved sheath portions concaves 82 and 83 are obtained by hot “stretching" thermoplastic material extruded from the sheath holding so that each portion of sheath 82, 83 is constantly applied against a common thread electric isolated from the first quarter la, in the occurrence of the insulated conducting wire 2a, 3a according to the section of the cable CA1 illustrated in FIG. 1, and against an electrical conductor insulated from the second quarter 1b, in this case the common thread insulated electric 2b, 3b depending on the cable cut CA1 illustrated in figure 1.
  • each insulated electrical conductor occupies in successive cross sections of the fourth, a position that turns gradually around the center of the quarter when moving along the axis of a twist of the fourth.
  • the concave portions 82 and 83 of the retaining sheath are in contact successively for example with electrical conductor wires 2a and 3a, then 3a and 4a, then 4a and 5a, and finally 5a and 2a and so on each twist period in the fourth la, in the as the direction of the twists is not changed.
  • the horseshoe portions 81a and 81b of the sheath holding 8 are in contact with the other two conductors in the respective quarters la and 1b, in the occurrence of the insulated conductive wires 4a and 5a in the first quarter la and the wires isolated 4b and 5b in the second quarter 1b according to the cross section of cable CA1 shown in figure 1.
  • the constriction 84 has a width LR between a diameter D and two 2D diameters of insulated electrical conductors 2a to 5a, 2b to 5b.
  • the width LR of the constriction 84 is approximately 1.7D, while according to a second embodiment shown in Figure 2, the constriction 84 has a width of 1.2D.
  • the width LR of the constriction 84 is chosen according to the use and the cost of the cable.
  • the narrower the narrowing 84 the more quads la and 1b will be kept separate, and more a suction pressure applied in the sheath in extrusion according to the process of the invention will be high and therefore the more difficult the narrowing will be achieve ; however, tensile forces exerted laterally in opposition on the sheath portions concaves 82 and 83 to stretch these will the higher the width LR of the shrinkage 84 is small and the sheath portions 82 and 83 are thick.
  • the CA2 cable has concave portions sheath 82 and 83 whose internal surfaces in look are more pointed towards the center of the sheath so that the concave portions 82 and 83 have internal application surfaces against insulated conductors 2a, 3a, 2b and 3b plus large and therefore exert an effort to separate two-fourths higher.
  • the cables of the invention are cables which are for example substantially flat, that is to say with an oval or elliptical cross section or oblong in which two or more quartes are juxtaposed. They are used in particular as than telephone communication cables and / or data processing and / or video for the wiring of building.
  • Each fourth star la, 1b includes two pairs of insulated conductors, each pair comprising two insulated conducting wires arranged along a diagonal of the square section of the fourth.
  • the invention is not limited to quarter cables.
  • the two groups of insulated conductors can include each more than two pairs of electrical conductors isolated, although groups may present numbers of different insulated conductors.
  • the cable includes more than two groups of insulated conductors; usually, when a cable has N groups of wires insulated conductors, N being an integer, the cable presents (N-1) 84 chokes between groups taken successively two by two.
  • the cable can be a mixed cable, with at minus one of the groups comprising only optical conductors, such as optical fibers, protected individually or together, and / or with one of the groups comprising both sons individually insulated electrical conductors and individually sheathed optical conductors.
  • a cable of the invention includes three or four or more quarters arranged in star in cross section.
  • the two quarters and 1b are for example pulled through holes one or more guide plates from two coils of twisted quarter followed by drums draw, or from two parallel posts of manufacturing of quadrant to penetrate continuously along arrow T through an inlet conduit 10 an EX square head extruder.
  • the EX extruder shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5 conventionally comprises a cylindrical punch 11 of tube type extending along the main axis longitudinal of the extrusion head, and a screw extrusion 12 arranged perpendicular to the punch 11.
  • the extrusion screw 12 pushes the material softened thermoplastic, such as polyethylene, in conduits 14 at the front periphery of the punch 11.
  • a tube type die 15 At one outlet end of the extruder, a tube type die 15 has a bore frustoconical 16 whose small base is extended by a front orifice 17.
  • the frustoconical bore 16 and the orifice 17 surround coaxially and so substantially complementary a frustoconical portion 18 and a portion of revolution 19 from the end before the punch.
  • the cross sections of port 17 of the die and from the portion of revolution 19 at the front end of the punch can be cylindrical as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • Circular sections of the bore front 17 of the die 15 and the front end 19 of punch 11 have internal and external diameters significantly larger than the largest dimensions internal LI and external LE (Figure 1) of the sheath 8 to get, respectively.
  • Quarters 1a and 1b respectively pass through orifices 21 in a guide 22 fixed transversely to the outlet of the conduit 20 so as to maintain the quarters 1a and 1b juxtaposed in an axial plane, at their spacing definitive in the retaining sheath 8 at the outlet of the extruder.
  • the guide 22 contains N orifices 21 juxtaposed in a plane axial with punch, two by two apart the final spacing of the groups in the cable at N-1 level shrinkage of retaining sheath.
  • the extrusion material pushed between the die 15 and the front end 18-19 of the punch 11 forms in first continuous a sheath with a frustoconical profile around the whole of the two fourths la and 1b.
  • This frustoconical sheath at the exit of the EX extruder tends naturally to stick on the lateral periphery quads at the level of the horseshoe portions 81a and 81b and collapse along the YY axis to switch to a diameter smaller than the largest external dimension LE ( Figure 1) but greater than the thickness E of the sheath 8 to be obtained, as and measurement of the cooling of the extruded sheath towards a cooling tank at the outlet of the extruder EX.
  • the constriction 84 is created by a DE depression inside the sheath 8 leaving the sector 15 and mainly in the center of the latter between the two quarters 1a and 1b.
  • the DE depression is generated by the aspiration of a vacuum pump connected to a vacuum tube 23 opening into the inlet duct 10 of the head extrusion, in front of a sealing ring 24 crossed by quads la and 1b from reels or manufacturing stations.
  • the vacuum pump suction pressure By adjusting the vacuum pump suction pressure, the DE depression is more or less high in the longitudinal conduit 20 of the punch and particularly at the front end 19 of the punch from which the two quarters 1a and 1b come out. This front end of the punch protrudes a few millimeters from the front of the die so that hot thermoplastic material does not come into contact immediately with the quartets and begin to naturally collapse around all of the fourths.
  • DE depression the less the sheath 8 is distorted.
  • a DE depression of a few thousand pascals stretches towards the center of the sheath, central portions, substantially convex circulars so that they are deformed gradually in concave portions 82 and 83 a cable as shown in Figure 1;
  • a depression of the order of 10,000 pascals stretches from more consistently the concave portions 82 and 83 so as to obtain a retaining sheath as shown in figure 2.
  • the tooling at the outlet of the extruder is somewhat little changed.
  • Cross sections of the duct 200 at the front of the punch and the front portion of revolution 170 of the sector present profiles oblong or elliptical noticeably larger than the oblong profile PO of the retaining sheath 8 to obtain, without the concave portions 82 and 84, as shown in figure 1.
  • a longitudinal dividing strip thin consolidation thermoplastic 24 is interspersed between quartes 1a and 1b perpendicular to the concave portions of sheath of holding 82 and 83.
  • the height of the strip 24 is at less equal to the width LR of the constriction 84, but has a thickness less than the distance between the two quartes.
  • the thin strip 24 forming partition between the two fourths la and 1b is drawn in continuous between them and passes through an orifice rectangular 25 formed between the orifices circular 21 in guide 22, as shown in figure 6.
  • the strip of separation 24 is maintained between the two quarters the and 1b by pinching and adhesion exerted by the concave portions of retaining sheath 82 and 83.
  • the strip may be flat or cylindrical, or having a profile suitable for the space between the quarters 1a and 1b.

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  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)

Abstract

The cable has a narrowing (84) of its cross-section in the middle of the cable to provide longitudinal separation between two bundles of individually insulated conductors (1a,1b). The separation between the sheath walls at the narrow part is between one and two diameters of the individual wires (2a-5a, 2b-5b), and the profile is chosen to maintain the symmetry of the cable bundles.

Description

La présente invention concerne un câble de transmission pour signaux à haute fréquence, téléphoniques et/ou téléinformatiques et vidéo (voix, données, images). Le câble est de forme sensiblement plate et comprend au moins deux groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés individuellement entourés par une gaine de maintien collective. Chaque groupe comprend au moins une paire symétrique de fils conducteurs électriques isolés, par exemple une quarte étoile constituée de deux paires de fils conducteurs isolés disposés au sommet d'un carré, les deux fils conducteurs isolés d'une même paire étant disposés selon une diagonale du carré.The present invention relates to a cable transmission for high frequency signals, telephone and / or data processing and video (voice, data, images). The cable is substantially shaped flat and has at least two groups of wires individually insulated electrical conductors surrounded by a collective holding sheath. Each group includes at least one symmetrical pair of wires insulated electrical conductors, for example a fourth star made up of two pairs of wires insulated conductors arranged at the top of a square, the two insulated conductors of the same pair being arranged along a diagonal of the square.

Le positionnement relatif des fils conducteurs isolés formant une quarte étoile est essentiel pour maintenir une parfaite symétrie de la quarte. Tout défaut de symétrie de la quarte se traduit par des couplages parasites entraínant des erreurs de transmission qui ne peuvent être corrigées qu'au dépend du débit des informations transmises dans la quarte.The relative positioning of the conducting wires isolated forming a fourth star is essential for maintain perfect symmetry of the fourth. All lack of symmetry of the fourth results in parasitic couplings causing errors of transmission which can only be corrected depends on the speed of the information transmitted in the fourth.

La demande de brevet européen EP 0642139 propose un câble dont la gaine de maintien est divisée en deux portions entourant chacune l'un des deux groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés. Les portions de gaine de maintien sont entr'ouvertes en vis-à-vis le long du câble de manière à former deux languettes de gaine indépendantes qui peuvent être sensiblement jointives mais non fusionnées, ou qui peuvent être jointives et légèrement adhérentes l'une à l'autre, et qui s'étendent longitudinalement entre les deux groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés. Les languettes délimitent entre elles un étranglement ayant une largeur inférieure au diamètre des fils conducteurs électriques isolés. L'objectif visé par les caractéristiques de ce câble connu est d'assurer un dégainage aisé sans outil spécial de coupe, par rupture ou arrachement ou coupe d'au moins l'une des languettes afin d'ouvrir la gaine de maintien et accéder aux groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés. Dans ce câble, chaque groupe de fils conducteurs électriques isolés est une paire de fils conducteurs, ou comprend quatre fils conducteurs disposés librement, ou assemblés par des rubans en deux paires séparées.European patent application EP 0642139 proposes a cable whose retaining sheath is divided into two portions each surrounding one of the two groups insulated electrical conductors. The portions of retaining sheath are half-opened opposite along the cable so as to form two tabs independent sheaths which can be substantially joined but not merged, or which may be contiguous and slightly adherent to each other, and which extend longitudinally between the two groups of insulated electrical conductors. The tongues delimit between them a constriction having a width less than the diameter of the wires insulated electrical conductors. The objective the characteristics of this known cable is to ensure easy stripping without special cutting tools, for rupture or tearing or cutting of at least one of the tabs to open the retaining sheath and access groups of electrical conductors isolated. In this cable, each group of wires insulated electrical conductors is a pair of wires conductive, or includes four conductive wires freely arranged, or assembled by ribbons in two separate pairs.

La demande de brevet européen EP 0642139 n'aborde pas le maintien de la symétrie des fils conducteurs électriques isolés dans au moins deux groupes tels que quartes, et ne divulgue aucun procédé de fabrication de la gaine de maintien.European patent application EP 0642139 does not address maintaining wire symmetry insulated electrical conductors in at least two groups such as quartes, and does not disclose any method of manufacturing the retaining sheath.

L'objectif de la présente invention est de fournir une gaine de maintien entre au moins deux groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés comprenant des paires symétriques de manière à maintenir la symétrie dans chaque paire et à maintenir une distance constante entre les groupes afin d'atténuer toute paradiaphonie entre les groupes et conserver une impédance constante le long du câble, tout en permettant une fabrication de la gaine de maintien en une seule opération d'extrusion.The objective of the present invention is to provide a support sheath between at least two groups of insulated electrical conductors comprising symmetrical pairs so as to maintain symmetry in each pair and at maintain a constant distance between groups in order to attenuate any crosstalk between groups and keep a constant impedance along the cable, while allowing sheath manufacturing holding in a single extrusion operation.

A cette fin, un câble de transmission à haute fréquence selon l'invention comprenant deux groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés individuellement et une gaine de maintien entourant ensemble et maintenant séparés longitudinalement les deux groupes, est caractérisé par un rétrécissement qui s'étend longitudinalement entre les deux groupes de conducteurs et entre deux portions longitudinales concaves de la gaine de maintien et qui a une largeur comprise entre un diamètre et deux diamètres des fils conducteurs électriques isolés.For this purpose, a high transmission cable frequency according to the invention comprising two groups insulated electrical conductors individually and a retaining sheath surrounding together and now separated longitudinally the two groups, is characterized by a narrowing which extends longitudinally between the two groups conductors and between two longitudinal portions concave of the retaining sheath and which has a width between one diameter and two wire diameters insulated electrical conductors.

Les portions longitudinales concaves de la gaine de maintien formant un rétrécissement de celle-ci entre les groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés maintiennent à une distance constante les groupes et poussent ceux-ci contre des portions convexes latérales de la gaine de maintien ce qui empêche tout déplacement des groupes l'un vers l'autre. La largeur du rétrécissement comprise entre un et deux diamètres des fils conducteurs électriques isolés, maintenant un espace relativement important entre les deux groupes, confère au câble une flexibilité suffisante lors de différentes manipulations du câble, par exemple lors de la fabrication, du tirage ou de la pose du câble. Le rétrécissement est obtenu aisément grâce à une seule opération d'extrusion de la gaine de maintien, comme cela apparaítra dans la description ultérieure du procédé de fabrication du câble selon l'invention.The concave longitudinal portions of the sheath holding forming a narrowing thereof between groups of electrical conductors insulated maintain at a constant distance the groups and push these against portions lateral convex of the retaining sheath which prevents groups from moving to one the other. The width of the narrowing between one and two diameters of electrical conductors isolated, now a relatively large space between the two groups, gives the cable a sufficient flexibility in different handling of the cable, for example when manufacturing, pulling or laying the cable. The shrinkage is easily achieved with just one extrusion operation of the retaining sheath, such as this will appear in the subsequent description of method of manufacturing the cable according to the invention.

Chaque section transversale de chaque portion longitudinale concave de la gaine de maintien est appliquée contre l'un des fils conducteurs électriques isolés dans l'un des groupes et l'un des fils conducteurs électriques isolés dans l'autre groupe situé de part et d'autre du rétrécissement. La gaine de maintien, bien que n'enveloppant pas complètement chaque groupe de fils, le maintient en place à une position constante en section transversale par rapport à l'autre groupe de fils, ce qui confère un niveau de paradiaphonie très faible.Each cross section of each portion concave longitudinal of the retaining sheath is applied against one of the conductive wires isolated in one of the groups and one of the insulated electrical conductors in each other group located on either side of the narrowing. The retaining sheath, although not enveloping completely each group of wires, keeps it in place at a constant position in section transverse to the other group of wires, this which gives a very low level of crosstalk.

Afin d'augmenter l'isolation entre les groupes, une bande longitudinale plate, ou cylindrique, ou avec tout autre profil approprié, en matière isolante peut être logée dans le rétrécissement entre les groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés et pincée entre les portions longitudinales concaves de la gaine de maintien.In order to increase the isolation between the groups, a flat longitudinal strip, or cylindrical, or with any other suitable profile, in insulating material can be accommodated in the narrowing between the groups of insulated electrical conductors and pinched between the concave longitudinal portions of the retaining sheath.

Le câble peut comprendre un filin de déchirement s'étendant entre l'une des portions latérales convexes de la gaine de maintien et le groupe respectif de fils conducteurs électriques isolés. Le tirage de l'un des filins permet de déchirer la gaine de maintien lors d'un dégainage de l'un des groupes sans obligatoirement dégainer l'autre groupe.The cable may include a tearing cord extending between one of the side portions convex of the retaining sheath and the group respective insulated electrical conductors. The pulling one of the ropes tears the sheath holding during a draw of one of the groups without necessarily drawing the other group.

Un écran au moins partiellement métallique peut entourer la gaine de maintien, et un fil de continuité électrique et/ou un fil de déchirement peuvent s'étendre entre les deux portions longitudinales concaves de la gaine de maintien et l'écran, ce qui confère un profil oval régulier au câble malgré les portions longitudinales concaves de la gaine de maintien.An at least partially metallic screen can surround the retaining sheath, and a wire electrical continuity and / or tearing wire can extend between the two portions concave longitudinal of the retaining sheath and the screen, which gives a regular oval profile to the cable despite the concave longitudinal portions of the retaining sheath.

Chaque groupe de fils conducteurs électriques isolés peut être une quarte étoile. Plus généralement, plus de deux groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés peuvent être juxtaposés sensiblement à plat dans la gaine de maintien et séparés deux à deux par des rétrécissements délimités chacun par deux portions longitudinales concaves respectives de la gaine de maintien. Each group of electrical conductors isolated can be a fourth star. More usually more than two groups of wires insulated electrical conductors can be juxtaposed substantially flat in the sheath maintained and separated two by two by narrowing each delimited by two portions respective concave longitudinal sheaths of maintenance.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication du câble de transmission à haute fréquence de l'invention, au moyen d'une extrudeuse comprenant un conduit d'entrée prolongé coaxialement par un conduit d'un poinçon tubulaire ayant une extrémité avant effilée et entourée par une filière. Le procédé est caractérisé par un guidage des groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés dans l'extrémité avant du conduit du poinçon pour les maintenir juxtaposés dans un plan axial avec un écartement prédéterminé correspondant au rétrécissement dans la gaine de maintien, par une aspiration créée par un moyen de pompage d'extraction communiquant avec le conduit d'entrée pour générer une dépression dans la gaine de maintien extrudée sortant de la filière devant l'extrémité avant effilée du poinçon, et par un réglage du moyen de pompage d'extraction pour que la dépression déforme des portions longitudinales de la gaine de maintien entre les groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés et les attire l'une vers l'autre à une distance égale à la largeur du rétrécissement pour former les portions longitudinales concaves.The invention also relates to a method of manufacture of high transmission cable frequency of the invention, using an extruder comprising an inlet pipe extended coaxially by a conduit of a tubular punch having a tapered front end surrounded by a die. The process is characterized by guiding the groups insulated electrical conductors in the front end of the punch conduit for keep juxtaposed in an axial plane with a predetermined spacing corresponding to the narrowing in the retaining sheath, by a suction created by an extraction pumping means communicating with the inlet conduit to generate a vacuum in the extruded support sheath leaving the die in front of the front end tapering of the punch, and by adjusting the means of extraction pumping so that the depression deforms longitudinal portions of the holding sheath between groups of electrical conductors isolated and draws them towards each other at a distance equal to the width of the narrowing for forming the concave longitudinal portions.

Le moyen d'extraction de pompage du procédé est réglé à une pression d'aspiration comprise entre 102 et 105 pascals environ afin que le rétrécissement ait une largeur comprise entre un et deux diamètres de fils pour un câble ayant une épaisseur de quelques millimètres.The pumping extraction means of the process is adjusted to a suction pressure of between 10 2 and 10 5 pascals approximately so that the narrowing has a width of between one and two diameters of wires for a cable having a thickness of a few millimeters .

Les sections transversales aux extrémités avant des conduits du poinçon et de la filière peuvent avoir des profils oblongs ou elliptiques similaires et sensiblement plus grands que le contour de la gaine de maintien, ce qui nécessite une dépression moins élevée que celle avec des extrémités de filière et poinçon classiquement cylindriques, mais au détriment d'un outillage d'extrudeuse plus spécialisé.Cross sections at the front ends punch and die conduits can have similar oblong or elliptical profiles and significantly larger than the outline of the support sheath, which requires a vacuum lower than that with die ends and conventionally cylindrical punch, but at expense of a more extruder tool specialized.

Lorsqu'une boucle isolante formant cloison entre deux groupes est prévue, le procédé comprend un guidage d'une bande longitudinale plate, ou cylindrique, ou avec tout autre profil approprié, en matière isolante entre les groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés dans le conduit du poinçon et un pinçage de la bande par les portions longitudinales concaves de la gaine de maintien attirées l'une vers l'autre par la dépression.When an insulating loop forming a partition enters two groups is provided, the process includes a guiding a flat longitudinal strip, or cylindrical, or with any other suitable profile, in insulating material between the groups of wires insulated electrical conductors in the duct of the punching and pinching the strip by the portions concave longitudinal of the holding sheath drawn to each other by depression.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaítront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante de plusieurs réalisations préférées de l'invention en référence aux dessins annexés correspondants dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une section transversale d'un câble à deux quartes selon une réalisation préférée de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une section transversale d'un câble à deux quartes selon une autre réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe axiale d'une extrudeuse à tête d'équerre pour extruder la gaine de maintien du câble suivant la figure 1 ou 2 ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe axiale schématique plus détaillée de la filière et de l'extrémité avant du poinçon dans l'extrudeuse de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue de face schématique de la face avant cylindrique de la filière et du poinçon à l'avant de l'extrudeuse ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue de face schématique de la face avant oblongue de la filière et du poinçon à l'avant de l'extrudeuse, selon une autre réalisation ; et
  • la figure 7 est une section transversale du câble selon la figure 1 complété par un écran de blindage et une gaine de protection extérieure.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description of several preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the corresponding appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a cross section of a two-quarter cable according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a cross section of a two-quarter cable according to another embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 3 is an axial sectional view of an angle head extruder for extruding the cable holding sheath according to Figure 1 or 2;
  • Figure 4 is a more detailed schematic axial sectional view of the die and the front end of the punch in the extruder of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic front view of the cylindrical front face of the die and the punch at the front of the extruder;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic front view of the oblong front face of the die and the punch at the front of the extruder, according to another embodiment; and
  • Figure 7 is a cross section of the cable according to Figure 1 supplemented by a shielding screen and an outer protective sheath.

Selon la réalisation illustrée à la figure 1, un câble de transmission à haute fréquence CA1 comprend deux groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés individuellement 1a et 1b. Dans la suite de la description, des éléments similaires ou des éléments relatifs à des éléments similaires dans les deux groupes 1a et 1b seront désignés par les mêmes repères numériques suivis de la lettre a et b respectivement.According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, a high frequency transmission cable CA1 comprises two groups of individually insulated electrical conductor wires 1a and 1b. In the following description, similar elements or elements relating to similar elements in the two groups 1a and 1b will be designated by the same reference numerals followed by the letter a and b respectively.

Chaque groupe de fils conducteurs 1a, 1b est une quarte étoile torsadée composée de quatre fils conducteurs électriques isolés individuellement 2a à 5a, 2b à 5b. Chaque fil conducteur électrique isolé est constitué par un conducteur massif ou un toron de fils fins en cuivre recuit 6 et une gaine isolante individuelle 7 entourant le conducteur massif 6, par exemple en polyéthylène ou polypropylène massif, ou cellulaire, ou cellulaire et massif. Vu en coupe transversale, les quatre fils conducteurs électriques isolés 2a à 4a, 2b à 4b dans une quarte la, 1b sont disposés aux sommets d'un carré et sont symétriques deux à deux par rapport aux axes et aux diagonales de tout carré de section transversale le long des torsades de la quarte de manière à éviter tout défaut de symétrie de la quarte pouvant induire des couplages parasites. Each group of conducting wires 1a, 1b is a twisted star quad composed of four wires individually insulated electrical conductors 2a to 5a, 2b to 5b. Each insulated electrical conductor consists of a solid conductor or a strand of fine annealed copper wires 6 and an insulating sheath individual 7 surrounding the solid conductor 6, for example in polyethylene or solid polypropylene, or cellular, or cellular and massive. Seen in section transverse, the four electrical conductors isolated 2a to 4a, 2b to 4b in a quarter la, 1b are arranged at the vertices of a square and are symmetrical two by two with respect to the axes and the diagonals of any square of cross section along the twists of the quarter in order to avoid any defect of symmetry of the fourth that can induce parasitic couplings.

Le câble de maintien CA1 comprend également une gaine de maintien isolante mince 8 entourant ensemble les deux quartes 1a et 1b. La gaine de maintien 8 est en une matière thermoplastique extrudée selon le procédé de l'invention, la matière thermoplastique étant de préférence transparente de manière à distinguer les couleurs différentes des gaines individuelles 7 des fils conducteurs isolés dans chacune des deux quartes. Par exemple la gaine de maintien a une épaisseur comprise entre 0,1 et 1 mm. La matière thermoplastique de la gaine de maintien telle que par exemple du polyéthylène, du polypropylène ou du PVC, présente une faible constante diélectrique et des caractéristiques mécaniques suffisantes pour assurer le maintien des qualités et la souplesse du câble.The CA1 holding cable also includes a thin insulating support sheath 8 surrounding together the two quarters 1a and 1b. The retaining sheath 8 is in a thermoplastic material extruded according to the process of the invention, the thermoplastic material preferably being transparent so as to distinguish the different colors of the sheaths individual 7 insulated conductors in each of the two quartes. For example the sheath of holding has a thickness between 0.1 and 1 mm. The thermoplastic material of the retaining sheath such as for example polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC, has low dielectric constant and characteristics sufficient mechanical to maintain the qualities and flexibility of the cable.

Vue en coupe transversale comme montré à la figure 1, la gaine de maintien 8 du câble CA1 est symétrique par rapport à un plan longitudinal médian YY passant entre les deux quartes la et 1b et partageant la gaine en deux portions 81a et 81b qui sont sensiblement en forme de fers à cheval dont les extrémités sont accolées deux à deux. Les paires d'extrémités accolées des portions de gaines de maintien 81a et 81b constituent deux portions centrales longitudinales 82 et 83 qui sont concaves, c'est-à-dire qui présentent des surfaces internes convexes symétriques l'une de l'autre par rapport à un plan longitudinal ayant pour trace XX dans la figure 1, perpendiculaire au plan YY et passant par les axes centraux des deux quartes.Cross section view as shown in Figure 1, the holding sheath 8 of the cable CA1 is symmetrical about a median longitudinal plane YY passing between the two quarters la and 1b and dividing the sheath into two portions 81a and 81b which are substantially in the shape of horseshoes whose ends are joined two by two. The pairs of ends joined together of the portions of sheaths of holding 81a and 81b constitute two portions longitudinal centrals 82 and 83 which are concave, that is to say which have internal surfaces convex symmetrical to each other with respect to a longitudinal plane having as trace XX in the Figure 1, perpendicular to the YY plane and passing through the central axes of the two quartes.

Un espace 84 situé à l'intérieur de la gaine 8 entre les deux quartes la et 1b constitue un rétrécissement par rapport à l'épaisseur E des portions de gaine de maintien 81a et 81b qui n'entourent que partiellement respectivement les quartes 1a et 1b ; en effet, des portions des gaines individuelles 7 de deux fils conducteurs adjacents 2a et 3a de la quarte la et de deux fils conducteurs adjacents 2b et 3b de la quarte 1b sont deux-à-deux directement en vis-à-vis et séparés par le rétrécissement 84. Chaque portion de gaine de maintien 81a, 81b entoure partiellement la quarte respective 1a, 1b, sans que les fils conducteurs isolés 2a à 5a, 2b à 5b soient noyés dans la portion de gaine de maintien respective 81a, 81b.A space 84 located inside the sheath 8 between the two quarters la and 1b constitutes a shrinking with respect to the thickness E of retaining sheath portions 81a and 81b which only partially surround the quads 1a and 1b; indeed, portions of the sheaths individual 7 of two adjacent conductive wires 2a and 3a of the fourth and two conductors adjacent 2b and 3b of quarter 1b are two-by-two directly opposite and separated by shrinkage 84. Each portion of sheath holding 81a, 81b partially surrounds the fourth respective 1a, 1b, without the conductive wires isolated 2a to 5a, 2b to 5b are embedded in the portion of respective retaining sheath 81a, 81b.

Comme on le verra dans le procédé de fabrication selon l'invention, les portions de gaine incurvées concaves 82 et 83 sont obtenues par "étirage" à chaud de la matière thermoplastique extrudée de la gaine de maintien afin que chaque portion de gaine 82, 83 soit constamment appliquée contre un fil conducteur électrique isolé de la première quarte la, en l'occurrence le fil conducteur isolé 2a, 3a selon la coupe du câble CA1 illustrée à la figure 1, et contre un fil conducteur électrique isolé de la deuxième quarte 1b, en l'occurrence le fil conducteur électrique isolé 2b, 3b selon la coupe du câble CA1 illustrée à la figure 1. Chaque quarte étant torsadée, chaque fil conducteur électrique isolé occupe dans des coupes transversales successives de la quarte, une position qui tourne progressivement autour du centre de la quarte lorsque l'on se déplace le long de l'axe d'une torsade de la quarte. Les portions concaves 82 et 83 de la gaine de maintien sont en contact successivement par exemple avec les fils conducteurs électriques 2a et 3a, puis 3a et 4a, puis 4a et 5a, et enfin 5a et 2a et ainsi de suite à chaque période de torsage dans la quarte la, dans la mesure où le sens des torsades n'est pas modifié. Les portions en fers à cheval 81a et 81b de la gaine de maintien 8 sont en contact avec les deux autres conducteurs dans les quartes respectives la et 1b, en l'occurrence les fils conducteurs isolés 4a et 5a dans la première quarte la et les fils conducteurs isolés 4b et 5b dans la deuxième quarte 1b selon la section transversale du câble CA1 montrée à la figure 1.As will be seen in the manufacturing process according to the invention, the curved sheath portions concaves 82 and 83 are obtained by hot "stretching" thermoplastic material extruded from the sheath holding so that each portion of sheath 82, 83 is constantly applied against a common thread electric isolated from the first quarter la, in the occurrence of the insulated conducting wire 2a, 3a according to the section of the cable CA1 illustrated in FIG. 1, and against an electrical conductor insulated from the second quarter 1b, in this case the common thread insulated electric 2b, 3b depending on the cable cut CA1 illustrated in figure 1. Each quarter being twisted, each insulated electrical conductor occupies in successive cross sections of the fourth, a position that turns gradually around the center of the quarter when moving along the axis of a twist of the fourth. The concave portions 82 and 83 of the retaining sheath are in contact successively for example with electrical conductor wires 2a and 3a, then 3a and 4a, then 4a and 5a, and finally 5a and 2a and so on each twist period in the fourth la, in the as the direction of the twists is not changed. The horseshoe portions 81a and 81b of the sheath holding 8 are in contact with the other two conductors in the respective quarters la and 1b, in the occurrence of the insulated conductive wires 4a and 5a in the first quarter la and the wires isolated 4b and 5b in the second quarter 1b according to the cross section of cable CA1 shown in figure 1.

Le rétrécissement 84 présente une largeur LR comprise entre un diamètre D et deux diamètres 2D des fils conducteurs électriques isolés 2a à 5a, 2b à 5b. Par exemple selon la réalisation montrée à la figure 1, la largeur LR du rétrécissement 84 est environ de 1,7D, tandis que selon une deuxième réalisation montrée à la figure 2, le rétrécissement 84 a une largeur de 1,2D. La largeur LR du rétrécissement 84 est choisie en fonction de l'usage et du coût du câble.The constriction 84 has a width LR between a diameter D and two 2D diameters of insulated electrical conductors 2a to 5a, 2b to 5b. For example according to the embodiment shown in the figure 1, the width LR of the constriction 84 is approximately 1.7D, while according to a second embodiment shown in Figure 2, the constriction 84 has a width of 1.2D. The width LR of the constriction 84 is chosen according to the use and the cost of the cable.

Plus le rétrécissement 84 est étroit, plus les quartes la et 1b seront maintenues séparées, et plus une pression d'aspiration appliquée dans la gaine en extrusion selon le procédé de l'invention sera élevée et donc plus le rétrécissement sera difficile à réaliser ; cependant, des forces de traction exercées latéralement en opposition sur les portions de gaine concaves 82 et 83 pour étirer celles-ci seront d'autant plus élevées que la largeur LR du rétrécissement 84 est petite et les portions de gaine 82 et 83 sont épaisses. Par contre lors d'opération de dégainage, plus la largeur LR du rétrécissement 84 sera grande et plus les portions de gaine 82 et 83 seront minces, plus l'extraction d'une extrémité de quarte la, 1b par l'ouverture en fer à cheval de la portion respective 81a, 81b entre les portions concaves 82 et 83 sera facilitée, éventuellement après incision ou amorce de coupure de l'une ou des deux portions concaves 82 et 83. Le câble CA1 montré à la figure 1 présente un dégainage plus aisé des quartes que celui du câble CA2 montré à la figure 2. Toutefois, le câble CA2 possède des portions concaves de gaine 82 et 83 dont les surfaces internes en regard sont plus pointues en direction du centre de la gaine si bien que les portions concaves 82 et 83 présentent des surfaces internes d'application contre les fils conducteurs isolés 2a, 3a, 2b et 3b plus grandes et donc exercent un effort de séparation des deux quartes plus élevé.The narrower the narrowing 84, the more quads la and 1b will be kept separate, and more a suction pressure applied in the sheath in extrusion according to the process of the invention will be high and therefore the more difficult the narrowing will be achieve ; however, tensile forces exerted laterally in opposition on the sheath portions concaves 82 and 83 to stretch these will the higher the width LR of the shrinkage 84 is small and the sheath portions 82 and 83 are thick. By cons during operation stripping, plus the width LR of the narrowing 84 will be large and more the sheath portions 82 and 83 will be thin, the more the extraction of one end of quarte la, 1b through the horseshoe opening of the respective portion 81a, 81b between the portions concaves 82 and 83 will be facilitated, possibly after incision or initiation of cutting of one or more two concave portions 82 and 83. The cable CA1 shown in Figure 1 presents an easier drawing of quads than that of the CA2 cable shown in Figure 2. However, the CA2 cable has concave portions sheath 82 and 83 whose internal surfaces in look are more pointed towards the center of the sheath so that the concave portions 82 and 83 have internal application surfaces against insulated conductors 2a, 3a, 2b and 3b plus large and therefore exert an effort to separate two-fourths higher.

Les câbles de l'invention sont des câbles qui sont par exemple sensiblement plats, c'est-à-dire avec une section transversale ovale ou elliptique ou oblongue dans laquelle deux quartes ou plus sont juxtaposées. Ils sont utilisés en particulier en tant que câbles de transmission téléphonique et/ou téléinformatique et/ou vidéo pour le câblage de bâtiment. Chaque quarte étoile la, 1b comprend deux paires de fils conducteurs isolés, chaque paire comprenant deux fils conducteurs isolés disposés suivant une diagonale de la section carrée de la quarte. Cependant l'invention n'est pas limitée à des câbles à quartes. Par exemple, les deux groupes de fils conducteurs isolés peuvent comprendre chacun plus de deux paires de fils conducteurs électriques isolés, bien que les groupes peuvent présenter des nombres de fils conducteurs isolés différents. Selon un autre exemple, le câble comprend plus de deux groupes de fils conducteurs isolés ; généralement, lorsqu'un câble comprend N groupes de fils conducteurs isolés, N étant un entier, le câble présente (N-1) étranglements 84 entre les groupes pris successivement deux à deux. Selon d'autres variantes, le câble peut être un câble mixte, avec au moins l'un des groupes ne comprenant que des conducteurs optiques, tels que fibres optiques, protégés individuellement ou ensemble, et/ou avec l'un des groupes comprenant à la fois des fils conducteurs électriques isolés individuellement et des conducteurs optiques gainés individuellement. Selon une variante, un câble de l'invention comprend trois ou quatre quartes ou plus disposées en étoile en section transversale.The cables of the invention are cables which are for example substantially flat, that is to say with an oval or elliptical cross section or oblong in which two or more quartes are juxtaposed. They are used in particular as than telephone communication cables and / or data processing and / or video for the wiring of building. Each fourth star la, 1b includes two pairs of insulated conductors, each pair comprising two insulated conducting wires arranged along a diagonal of the square section of the fourth. However, the invention is not limited to quarter cables. For example, the two groups of insulated conductors can include each more than two pairs of electrical conductors isolated, although groups may present numbers of different insulated conductors. According to another example, the cable includes more than two groups of insulated conductors; usually, when a cable has N groups of wires insulated conductors, N being an integer, the cable presents (N-1) 84 chokes between groups taken successively two by two. Others say variants, the cable can be a mixed cable, with at minus one of the groups comprising only optical conductors, such as optical fibers, protected individually or together, and / or with one of the groups comprising both sons individually insulated electrical conductors and individually sheathed optical conductors. According to a variant, a cable of the invention includes three or four or more quarters arranged in star in cross section.

En référence à la figure 3, les deux quartes la et 1b sont par exemple tirées à travers de trous d'une ou plusieurs plaques de guidage depuis deux bobines de quarte torsadée suivies de tambours de tirage, ou depuis deux postes parallèles de fabrication de quarte pour pénétrer en continu suivant la flèche T à travers un conduit d'entrée 10 d'une extrudeuse à tête d'équerre EX.Referring to Figure 3, the two quarters and 1b are for example pulled through holes one or more guide plates from two coils of twisted quarter followed by drums draw, or from two parallel posts of manufacturing of quadrant to penetrate continuously along arrow T through an inlet conduit 10 an EX square head extruder.

L'extrudeuse EX montrée aux figures 3, 4 et 5 comprend classiquement un poinçon cylindrique 11 de type tube s'étendant suivant l'axe principal longitudinal de la tête d'extrusion, et une vis d'extrusion 12 disposée perpendiculairement au poinçon 11. La vis d'extrusion 12 pousse la matière thermoplastique ramollie, telle que polyéthylène, dans des conduits 14 à la périphérie avant du poinçon 11. A une extrémité de sortie de l'extrudeuse, une filière 15 de type tube présente un alésage tronconique 16 dont la petite base est prolongée par un orifice avant 17. L'alésage tronconique 16 et l'orifice 17 entourent coaxialement et de manière sensiblement complémentaires une portion tronconique 18 et une portion de révolution 19 de l'extrémité avant du poinçon. The EX extruder shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5 conventionally comprises a cylindrical punch 11 of tube type extending along the main axis longitudinal of the extrusion head, and a screw extrusion 12 arranged perpendicular to the punch 11. The extrusion screw 12 pushes the material softened thermoplastic, such as polyethylene, in conduits 14 at the front periphery of the punch 11. At one outlet end of the extruder, a tube type die 15 has a bore frustoconical 16 whose small base is extended by a front orifice 17. The frustoconical bore 16 and the orifice 17 surround coaxially and so substantially complementary a frustoconical portion 18 and a portion of revolution 19 from the end before the punch.

Pour fabriquer le câble de l'invention, les sections transversales de l'orifice 17 de la filière et de la portion de révolution 19 à l'extrémité avant du poinçon peuvent être cylindriques comme montré aux figures 4 et 5. Les deux quartes la et 1b après avoir pénétré dans le conduit d'entrée 10, traversent un long conduit axial 20 du poinçon 11 qui se rétrécit progressivement au niveau de l'extrémité avant de poinçon 18-19. Les sections circulaires de l'alésage avant 17 de la filière 15 et de l'extrémité avant 19 du poinçon 11 ont des diamètres interne et externe sensiblement supérieurs aux plus grandes dimensions interne LI et externe LE (figure 1) de la gaine 8 à obtenir, respectivement. Les quartes 1a et 1b traversent respectivement des orifices 21 dans un guide 22 fixé transversalement à la sortie du conduit 20 de manière à maintenir les quartes 1a et 1b juxtaposées dans un plan axial, à leur écartement définitif dans la gaine de maintien 8 en sortie de l'extrudeuse. Plus généralement, lorsque le câble à fabriquer doit contenir N groupes de fils, le guide 22 contient N orifices 21 juxtaposés dans un plan axial au poinçon, distants deux à deux de l'écartement définitif des groupes dans le câble au niveau des N-1 rétrécissements de gaine de maintien.To manufacture the cable of the invention, the cross sections of port 17 of the die and from the portion of revolution 19 at the front end of the punch can be cylindrical as shown in Figures 4 and 5. The two quarters 1a and 1b after having penetrated into the inlet duct 10, pass through a long axial duct 20 of the punch 11 which narrows gradually at the front end of punch 18-19. Circular sections of the bore front 17 of the die 15 and the front end 19 of punch 11 have internal and external diameters significantly larger than the largest dimensions internal LI and external LE (Figure 1) of the sheath 8 to get, respectively. Quarters 1a and 1b respectively pass through orifices 21 in a guide 22 fixed transversely to the outlet of the conduit 20 so as to maintain the quarters 1a and 1b juxtaposed in an axial plane, at their spacing definitive in the retaining sheath 8 at the outlet of the extruder. More generally, when the cable to to manufacture must contain N groups of wires, the guide 22 contains N orifices 21 juxtaposed in a plane axial with punch, two by two apart the final spacing of the groups in the cable at N-1 level shrinkage of retaining sheath.

La matière d'extrusion poussée entre la filière 15 et l'extrémité avant 18-19 du poinçon 11 forme en continu d'abord une gaine avec un profil tronconique autour de l'ensemble des deux quartes la et 1b. Cette gaine tronconique en sortie de l'extrudeuse EX tend naturellement à se coller sur la périphérie latérale des quartes au niveau des portions en fer à cheval 81a et 81b et à s'affaisser le long de l'axe YY pour passer à un diamètre inférieur à la plus grande dimension externe LE (figure 1) mais supérieure à l'épaisseur E de la gaine 8 à obtenir, au fur et à mesure du refroidissement de la gaine extrudée vers un bac de refroidissement en sortie de l'extrudeuse EX.The extrusion material pushed between the die 15 and the front end 18-19 of the punch 11 forms in first continuous a sheath with a frustoconical profile around the whole of the two fourths la and 1b. This frustoconical sheath at the exit of the EX extruder tends naturally to stick on the lateral periphery quads at the level of the horseshoe portions 81a and 81b and collapse along the YY axis to switch to a diameter smaller than the largest external dimension LE (Figure 1) but greater than the thickness E of the sheath 8 to be obtained, as and measurement of the cooling of the extruded sheath towards a cooling tank at the outlet of the extruder EX.

Selon l'invention, le rétrécissement 84 est créé par une dépression DE à l'intérieur de la gaine 8 sortant de la filière 15 et principalement au centre de celle-ci entre les deux quartes la et 1b. La dépression DE est générée par l'aspiration d'une pompe à vide connectée à un tube de prise de vide 23 débouchant dans le conduit d'entrée 10 de la tête d'extrusion, devant une bague d'étanchéité 24 traversée par les quartes la et 1b provenant de bobines ou de postes de fabrication. En réglant la pression d'aspiration de la pompe à vide, la dépression DE est plus ou moins élevée dans le conduit longitudinal 20 du poinçon et particulièrement au niveau de l'extrémité avant 19 du poinçon d'où sortent les deux quartes la et 1b. Cette extrémité avant du poinçon saille de quelques millimètres de la face avant de la filière afin que la matière thermoplastique chaude n'entre pas en contact immédiatement avec les quartes et commence à s'affaisser naturellement autour de l'ensemble des quartes.According to the invention, the constriction 84 is created by a DE depression inside the sheath 8 leaving the sector 15 and mainly in the center of the latter between the two quarters 1a and 1b. The DE depression is generated by the aspiration of a vacuum pump connected to a vacuum tube 23 opening into the inlet duct 10 of the head extrusion, in front of a sealing ring 24 crossed by quads la and 1b from reels or manufacturing stations. By adjusting the vacuum pump suction pressure, the DE depression is more or less high in the longitudinal conduit 20 of the punch and particularly at the front end 19 of the punch from which the two quarters 1a and 1b come out. This front end of the punch protrudes a few millimeters from the front of the die so that hot thermoplastic material does not come into contact immediately with the quartets and begin to naturally collapse around all of the fourths.

Plus la dépression DE est faible, moins la gaine 8 est déformée. Par exemple une dépression DE de quelques milliers de pascals étire vers le centre de la gaine, des portions centrales, sensiblement circulaires convexes pour qu'elles soient déformées progressivement en des portions concaves 82 et 83 d'un câble comme montré à la figure 1 ; une dépression de l'ordre de 10000 pascals étire de manière plus conséquente les portions concaves 82 et 83 de manière à obtenir une gaine de maintien comme montré à la figure 2.The lower the DE depression, the less the sheath 8 is distorted. For example a DE depression of a few thousand pascals stretches towards the center of the sheath, central portions, substantially convex circulars so that they are deformed gradually in concave portions 82 and 83 a cable as shown in Figure 1; a depression of the order of 10,000 pascals stretches from more consistently the concave portions 82 and 83 so as to obtain a retaining sheath as shown in figure 2.

Selon une autre réalisation montrée à la figure 6, l'outillage en sortie de l'extrudeuse est quelque peu modifié. Les sections transversales du conduit 200 à l'avant du poinçon et de la portion avant de révolution 170 de la filière présentent des profils oblongs ou elliptiques sensiblement plus grands que le profil oblong PO de la gaine de maintien 8 à obtenir, sans les portions concaves 82 et 84, comme montré à la figure 1.According to another embodiment shown in the figure 6, the tooling at the outlet of the extruder is somewhat little changed. Cross sections of the duct 200 at the front of the punch and the front portion of revolution 170 of the sector present profiles oblong or elliptical noticeably larger than the oblong profile PO of the retaining sheath 8 to obtain, without the concave portions 82 and 84, as shown in figure 1.

La dépression DE nécessaire à la déformation par étirage des portions concaves 82 et 83 pour les rapprocher selon cette autre réalisation est moins élevée qu'avec l'outillage montré à la figure 5.DE depression necessary for deformation by stretching of the concave portions 82 and 83 for the closer according to this other achievement is less higher than with the tools shown in Figure 5.

En variante, une bande longitudinale séparatrice thermoplastique de consolidation mince 24, comme montré en traits pointillés à la figure 2, est intercalée entre les quartes la et 1b perpendiculairement aux portions concaves de gaine de maintien 82 et 83. La hauteur de la bande 24 est au moins égale à la largeur LR du rétrécissement 84, mais présente une épaisseur inférieure à la distance entre les deux quartes. Lors de la fabrication du câble selon cette variante, la bande mince 24 formant cloison entre les deux quartes la et 1b est tirée en continu entre celles-ci et traverse un orifice rectangulaire 25 ménagé entre les orifices circulaires 21 dans le guide 22, comme montré à la figure 6. A la sortie de l'extrudeuse EX, la bande de séparation 24 est maintenue entre les deux quartes la et 1b par pinçage et adhésion exercés par les portions concaves de gaine de maintien 82 et 83. La bande peut être plate ou cylindrique, ou présentant un profil approprié à l'espace entre les quartes 1a et 1b.Alternatively, a longitudinal dividing strip thin consolidation thermoplastic 24, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 2, is interspersed between quartes 1a and 1b perpendicular to the concave portions of sheath of holding 82 and 83. The height of the strip 24 is at less equal to the width LR of the constriction 84, but has a thickness less than the distance between the two quartes. During the manufacture of the cable according to this variant, the thin strip 24 forming partition between the two fourths la and 1b is drawn in continuous between them and passes through an orifice rectangular 25 formed between the orifices circular 21 in guide 22, as shown in figure 6. At the exit of the EX extruder, the strip of separation 24 is maintained between the two quarters the and 1b by pinching and adhesion exerted by the concave portions of retaining sheath 82 and 83. The strip may be flat or cylindrical, or having a profile suitable for the space between the quarters 1a and 1b.

Le câble de l'invention contient en pratique les éléments suivants, comme montré à la figure 7 :

  • un filin de déchirement 26a ou 26b pour les deux quartes, ou deux filins de déchirement 26a et 26b respectivement pour les deux quartes 1a et 1b ; un filin de déchirement 26a , 26b étant de préférence situé entre le fond de la portion latérale convexe respective 81a, 81b de la gaine de maintien 8 et la quarte respective la, 1b afin de dégainer les quartes
  • un écran de blindage 27 ayant au moins une face métallisée et entourant la gaine de maintien 8, par exemple par rubanage ;
  • un ou deux fils de continuité électrique 28 et 29 placés dans de petits volumes longitudinaux entre l'écran de blindage 27 et les portions concaves de gaine de maintien 82 et 83, ce qui confère un profil oblong régulier à l'écran et par suite au câble ; un filin de déchirement peut être placé avec chaque fil de continuité électrique 28, 29 dans ledit petit volume longitudinal respectif ; et
  • une gaine de protection extérieure 30 entourant l'écran métallique 27, en matière isolante telle que PVC, ou en matière ignifuge sans halogène.
The cable of the invention in practice contains the following elements, as shown in FIG. 7:
  • a tearing line 26a or 26b for the two quarters, or two tearing lines 26a and 26b respectively for the two quarters 1a and 1b; a tearing line 26a, 26b preferably being situated between the bottom of the respective convex lateral portion 81a, 81b of the retaining sheath 8 and the respective quarter la, 1b in order to draw the quarters
  • a shielding screen 27 having at least one metallized face and surrounding the retaining sheath 8, for example by tape;
  • one or two electrical continuity wires 28 and 29 placed in small longitudinal volumes between the shielding screen 27 and the concave portions of retaining sheath 82 and 83, which gives a regular oblong profile to the screen and consequently to the cable ; a tear line can be placed with each electrical continuity wire 28, 29 in said respective small longitudinal volume; and
  • an outer protective sheath 30 surrounding the metal screen 27, in insulating material such as PVC, or in halogen-free flame retardant material.

Claims (11)

Câble de transmission à haute fréquence comprenant deux groupes (1a, 1b) de fils conducteurs électriques isolés individuellement (2a-5a, 2b-5b) et une gaine de maintien (8) entourant ensemble et maintenant séparés longitudinalement les deux groupes, caractérisé par un rétrécissement (84) qui s'étend longitudinalement entre les deux groupes de conducteurs (1a, 1b) et entre deux portions longitudinales concaves (82, 83) de la gaine de maintien (8) et qui a une largeur (LR) comprise entre un diamètre (D) et deux diamètres (2D) des fils conducteurs électriques isolés (2a-5a, 2b-5b).High frequency transmission cable comprising two groups (1a, 1b) of conductive wires individually insulated electrical (2a-5a, 2b-5b) and a retaining sheath (8) surrounding together and now separated longitudinally the two groups, characterized by a narrowing (84) which extends longitudinally between the two groups of conductors (1a, 1b) and between two portions concave longitudinal sections (82, 83) of the sheath holding (8) and which has a width (LR) of between one diameter (D) and two diameters (2D) of the wires insulated electrical conductors (2a-5a, 2b-5b). Câble conforme à la revendication 1, dans lequel chaque section transversale de chaque portion longitudinale concave (82, 83) de la gaine de maintien (8) est appliquée contre l'un (2a, 3a) des fils conducteurs électriques isolés dans l'un (la) des groupes et l'un (2b, 3b) des fils conducteurs électriques isolés dans l'autre groupe (1b) situés de part et d'autre du rétrécissement (84).Cable according to claim 1, in which each cross section of each portion concave longitudinal section (82, 83) of the sheath holding (8) is applied against one (2a, 3a) of insulated electrical conductors in one groups and one (2b, 3b) of the conductors isolated in the other group (1b) located from on either side of the narrowing (84). Câble conforme à la revendication 1 ou 2, comprenant une bande longitudinale (24) en matière isolante logée dans le rétrécissement (83) entre les groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés (la, 1b) et pincée entre les portions longitudinales concaves (82, 83) de la gaine de maintien (8).Cable according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a longitudinal strip (24) of material insulator housed in the constriction (83) between the groups of insulated electrical conductors (the, 1b) and pinched between the longitudinal portions concaves (82, 83) of the retaining sheath (8). Câble conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, comprenant un filin de déchirement (26a;26b) s'étendant entre l'une des portions latérales convexes (81a, 81b) de la gaine de maintien (8) et le groupe respectif (la, 1b) de fils conducteurs électriques isolés.Cable conforms to any of Claims 1 to 3, comprising a rope of tear (26a; 26b) extending between one of the convex lateral portions (81a, 81b) of the sheath maintenance (8) and the respective group (la, 1b) of wires insulated electrical conductors. Câble conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, comprenant un écran au moins partiellement métallique (27) entourant la gaine de maintien (8) et un fil de continuité électrique (28) et/ou un filin de déchirement (26a ; 26b) s'étendant entre les deux portions longitudinales concaves (82, 83) de la gaine de maintien (8) et l'écran (27).Cable conforms to any of Claims 1 to 4, comprising at least one screen partially metallic (27) surrounding the sheath holding (8) and an electrical continuity wire (28) and / or a tearing line (26a; 26b) extending between the two concave longitudinal portions (82, 83) of the retaining sheath (8) and the screen (27). Câble conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel chaque groupe de fils conducteurs électriques isolés est une quarte étoile (1a, 1b).Cable conforms to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein each group of insulated electrical conductors is a fourth star (1a, 1b). Câble conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, comprenant plus de deux groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés (1a, 1b) juxtaposés sensiblement à plat dans la gaine de maintien (8) et séparés deux à deux par des rétrécissements (84) délimités chacun par deux portions longitudinales concaves respectives (82, 83) de la gaine de maintien (8).Cable conforms to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising more than two groups insulated electrical conductors (1a, 1b) juxtaposed substantially flat in the sheath holding (8) and separated two by two by narrowing (84) each delimited by two respective concave longitudinal portions (82, 83) of the retaining sheath (8). Procédé de fabrication du câble de transmission à haute fréquence conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, au moyen d'une extrudeuse (EX) comprenant un conduit d'entrée (10) prolongé coaxialement par un conduit (20) d'un poinçon tubulaire (11) ayant une extrémité avant effilée (18-19) et entourée par une filière (15), caractérisé par un guidage (21, 22) des groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés (la, 1b) dans l'extrémité avant du conduit (20) du poinçon (11) pour les maintenir juxtaposés dans un plan axial avec un écartement prédéterminé correspondant au rétrécissement (84) dans la gaine de maintien (8), par une aspiration créée par un moyen de pompage d'extraction (23) communiquant avec le conduit d'entrée (10) pour générer une dépression dans la gaine de maintien (8) extrudée sortant de la filière (15) devant l'extrémité avant effilée (18-19) du poinçon, et par un réglage du moyen de pompage d'extraction (23) pour que la dépression (DE) déforme des portions longitudinales de la gaine de maintien (8) entre les groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés (la, 1b) et les attire l'une vers l'autre à une distance égale à la largeur (LR) du rétrécissement (84) pour former les portions longitudinales concaves (82, 83).Cable manufacturing process high frequency transmission according to one any of claims 1 to 7, by means of a extruder (EX) comprising an inlet duct (10) extended coaxially by a conduit (20) of a tubular punch (11) having a front end tapered (18-19) and surrounded by a die (15), characterized by a guide (21, 22) of the groups of insulated electrical conductors (la, 1b) in the front end of the conduit (20) of the punch (11) to keep them juxtaposed in an axial plane with a predetermined spacing corresponding to the narrowing (84) in the retaining sheath (8), by a suction created by a pumping means extraction (23) communicating with the conduit inlet (10) to generate a vacuum in the retaining sheath (8) extruded out of the die (15) in front of the tapered front end (18-19) of the punch, and by adjusting the pumping means extraction (23) so that the depression (DE) deforms longitudinal portions of the holding sheath (8) between groups of electrical conductors isolated (la, 1b) and draws them towards each other at a distance equal to the width (LR) of the narrowing (84) to form the portions longitudinal concaves (82, 83). Procédé conforme à la revendication 8, selon lequel le moyen d'extraction de pompage (23) est réglé à une pression d'aspiration comprise entre 102 et 105 pascals environ.Method according to Claim 8, in which the pumping extraction means (23) is adjusted to a suction pressure of between 10 2 and 10 5 pascals. Procédé conforme à la revendication 8 ou 9, selon lequel les sections transversales aux extrémités avant de conduits (200, 170) du poinçon (11) et de la filière (15) ont des profils oblongs ou elliptiques similaires et sensiblement plus grands que le contour de la gaine de maintien (8).Process according to claim 8 or 9, whereby the cross sections to front ends of conduits (200, 170) of the punch (11) and of the die (15) have oblong profiles or similar and significantly larger ellipticals as the contour of the retaining sheath (8). Procédé conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, comprenant un guidage (25) d'une bande longitudinale (24) en matière isolante entre les groupes de fils conducteurs électriques isolés (1a, 1b) dans le conduit (20) du poinçon (11) et un pinçage de la bande (25) par les portions longitudinales concaves (82, 83) de la gaine de maintien (8) attirées l'une vers l'autre par la dépression.Process according to any of Claims 8 to 10, comprising a guide (25) a longitudinal strip (24) of insulating material between groups of electrical conductors insulated (1a, 1b) in the conduit (20) of the punch (11) and a pinching of the strip (25) by the portions concave longitudinal sections (82, 83) of the sheath holding (8) attracted to each other by the depression.
EP19990400358 1998-02-19 1999-02-15 High frequency transmission cable with two conductor groups Expired - Lifetime EP0938100B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9802122A FR2775115B1 (en) 1998-02-19 1998-02-19 HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSMISSION CABLE TO TWO GROUPS OF CONDUCTORS
FR9802122 1998-02-19

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EP0938100A1 true EP0938100A1 (en) 1999-08-25
EP0938100B1 EP0938100B1 (en) 2004-11-17

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EP19990400358 Expired - Lifetime EP0938100B1 (en) 1998-02-19 1999-02-15 High frequency transmission cable with two conductor groups

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EP (1) EP0938100B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69921869T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2227982T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2775115B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19957545A1 (en) * 1999-11-30 2001-09-06 Daetwyler Ag Kabel & Systeme A Connector
CN114228096A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-25 安徽电缆股份有限公司 Cable sheath machining equipment for nuclear power station and machining method thereof

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1390152A (en) * 1972-06-23 1975-04-09 Philips Electronic Associated Manufacturing flat cable
EP0642139A1 (en) * 1993-09-06 1995-03-08 Filotex Easily strippable cable

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1390152A (en) * 1972-06-23 1975-04-09 Philips Electronic Associated Manufacturing flat cable
EP0642139A1 (en) * 1993-09-06 1995-03-08 Filotex Easily strippable cable

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19957545A1 (en) * 1999-11-30 2001-09-06 Daetwyler Ag Kabel & Systeme A Connector
DE19957545C2 (en) * 1999-11-30 2001-12-13 Daetwyler Ag Kabel & Systeme A Connector
CN114228096A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-25 安徽电缆股份有限公司 Cable sheath machining equipment for nuclear power station and machining method thereof
CN114228096B (en) * 2021-12-17 2023-07-18 安徽电缆股份有限公司 Cable sheath processing equipment for nuclear power station and processing method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2227982T3 (en) 2005-04-01
DE69921869D1 (en) 2004-12-23
FR2775115A1 (en) 1999-08-20
DE69921869T2 (en) 2005-04-07
EP0938100B1 (en) 2004-11-17
FR2775115B1 (en) 2000-03-31

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