EP0936205A1 - Non-detonatable pyrotechnic materials for microsystems - Google Patents
Non-detonatable pyrotechnic materials for microsystems Download PDFInfo
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- EP0936205A1 EP0936205A1 EP99400281A EP99400281A EP0936205A1 EP 0936205 A1 EP0936205 A1 EP 0936205A1 EP 99400281 A EP99400281 A EP 99400281A EP 99400281 A EP99400281 A EP 99400281A EP 0936205 A1 EP0936205 A1 EP 0936205A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
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- material according
- ammonium perchlorate
- binder
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GOPVUFFWLXPUBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=NCC1(CN=[N+]=[N-])COC1 GOPVUFFWLXPUBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N (6S,7R)-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-7-ol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CCCC[C@]11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitramine Natural products CC1C(O)CCC2CCCNC12 BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonitramine Natural products OC1CCCCC11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- IPPYBNCEPZCLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane trinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(C)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O IPPYBNCEPZCLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JSOGDEOQBIUNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(azidomethyl)oxirane Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=NCC1CO1 JSOGDEOQBIUNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000028 HMX Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CEDJBSFAUCECLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1,1-triol;nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.CCCC(O)(O)O CEDJBSFAUCECLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MNMKLKGHOTZOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.OCCOCCOCCO Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.OCCOCCOCCO MNMKLKGHOTZOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitramide Chemical compound N[N+]([O-])=O SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RDLIBIDNLZPAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O RDLIBIDNLZPAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 alkylene glycol Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AGCQZYRSTIRJFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCOCCOCCO[N+]([O-])=O AGCQZYRSTIRJFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDEDDPRZIDYFOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-phenylnitramide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KDEDDPRZIDYFOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
- C06B29/22—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate the salt being ammonium perchlorate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
- C06B45/105—The resin being a polymer bearing energetic groups or containing a soluble organic explosive
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
- Y10S149/11—Particle size of a component
- Y10S149/113—Inorganic oxygen-halogen salt
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne des matériaux pyrotechniques non détonables d'épaisseur très mince ou de masse faible et dont la combustion s'auto-entretient après initiation ponctuelle par une faible énergie ainsi que leurs utilisations. Elle concerne également les compositions énergétiques pour obtenir ces matériaux.The invention relates to pyrotechnic materials non-detonable of very thin thickness or low mass and whose combustion is self-sustaining after initiation punctual by low energy as well as their uses. It also concerns the compositions energy to obtain these materials.
Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne des matériaux pyrotechniques non détonables, d'épaisseur inférieure à 500 µm ou de masse inférieure à 15 mg, et capables de brûler après initiation ponctuelle par une puissance électrique comprise entre 150 mW et 800 mW, pendant un temps bref.More particularly, the invention relates to non-detonable pyrotechnic materials, thick less than 500 µm or mass less than 15 mg, and able to burn after specific initiation by a electrical power between 150 mW and 800 mW, for a short time.
Ces nouveaux matériaux sont intégrables dans des microsystèmes et sont utiles en raison des gaz et/ou de la chaleur qu'ils dégagent comme actionneurs, par exemple en gonflant des membranes, en déclenchant des microvannes, en transférant des ordres dans des circuits logiques de transmission pyrotechnique, en provoquant la fusion dans des microfusibles de circuits de transmission électrique, en provoquant une micropropulsion ou en initiant l'allumage d'autres matériaux.These new materials can be integrated into microsystems and are useful due to gases and / or the heat they give off as actuators, by example by inflating membranes, triggering microvalves, by transferring orders in circuits pyrotechnic transmission logics, causing the fusion in micro fuses of electrical transmission, causing a micropropulsion or initiating the ignition of others materials.
L'utilisation de matériaux pyrotechniques d'épaisseur inférieure à 500 µm ou de masse inférieure à 15 mg dans des microsystèmes fonctionnant à la pression atmosphérique, se heurte à plusieurs difficultés.The use of pyrotechnic materials less than 500 µm thick or less than 15 mg in pressure-operated microsystems atmospheric, faces several difficulties.
D'une part la puissance d'initiation qu'ils reçoivent dans ces microsystèmes est très faible et appliquée pendant un temps court.On the one hand, the initiation power they receive in these microsystems is very small and applied for a short time.
D'autre part, une partie de l'énergie qui se forme au fur et à mesure de la combustion du matériau ne reste pas au sein de celui-ci en raison de sa faible épaisseur ou de sa faible masse, mais se dissipe dans le milieu ambiant. La combustion ne peut donc pas s'auto-entretenir. Le matériau pyrotechnique ne brûle pas complètement et le volume de gaz ou la chaleur souhaités ne peuvent pas être obtenus.On the other hand, part of the energy that forms as the material burns, nothing remains not within it due to its thinness or its low mass, but dissipates in the middle ambient. Combustion cannot therefore be self-sustaining. Pyrotechnic material does not burn completely and the desired volume of gas or heat cannot be obtained.
Lorsque les matériaux pyrotechniques sont utilisés dans des microsystèmes destinés au domaine médical, les résidus de la combustion doivent être inexistants ou en quantité la plus faible possible, et ne pas être nocifs. De même, les gaz qui se dégagent doivent eux aussi être compatibles avec cette application.When pyrotechnic materials are used in microsystems intended for the medical field, the combustion residues must be non-existent or as small as possible, and not be harmful. Likewise, the gases released must also be compatible with this application.
Les compositions énergétiques doivent permettre d'obtenir des matériaux d'épaisseur très fine, tels que par exemple sous la forme de feuilles, films, rubans ou couches ou de masse très faible, par exemple sous forme de perles et la constitution des matériaux obtenus doit être homogène.The energetic compositions must allow to obtain materials of very fine thickness, such as for example in the form of sheets, films, ribbons or layers or very low mass, for example in the form of pearls and the constitution of the materials obtained must be homogeneous.
Il était donc important de trouver de nouveaux matériaux pyrotechniques ne présentant pas les désavantages précités et qui répondent aux exigences requises pour leur utilisation dans des microsystèmes fonctionnant à la pression atmosphérique ou à une pression voisine de celle-ci, et les nouvelles compositions pour les obtenir.It was therefore important to find new pyrotechnic materials not having the disadvantages mentioned above and which meet the requirements required for their use in microsystems operating at atmospheric pressure or at a pressure close to it, and the news compositions to obtain them.
Un objet de la présente invention concerne donc les matériaux pyrotechniques non détonables, auto-combustibles à la pression atmosphérique ou à une pression voisine de celle-ci, comprenant un liant énergétique et du perchlorate d'ammonium, caractérisés en ce qu'ils ont une épaisseur inférieure à 500 µm ou une masse inférieure à 15 mg, qu'ils sont auto-combustibles après initiation ponctuelle par une puissance électrique P, telle que 150 mW ≤ P ≤ 800 mW, pendant un temps t, tel que 20 ms ≤ t ≤ 600 ms, et qu'ils comprennent :
- de 25% à 80% en poids d'un liant énergétique à base de polyazoture de glycidyle (PAG), ou de poly-3,3-bis(azidométhyl)oxétane (BAMO), ou de polyester et d'au moins un plastifiant énergétique, ou de polyéther et d'au moins un plastifiant énergétique,
- de 10% à 70% en poids de perchlorate d'ammonium dont la dimension des grains est comprise entre 0,5 et 30 µm, et
- de 0% à 45% en poids d'au moins une nitramine.
- from 25% to 80% by weight of an energy binder based on poly (glycidyl azide), or poly-3,3-bis (azidomethyl) oxetane (BAMO), or polyester and at least one plasticizer energy, or polyether and at least one energy plasticizer,
- from 10% to 70% by weight of ammonium perchlorate whose grain size is between 0.5 and 30 μm, and
- from 0% to 45% by weight of at least one nitramine.
Ces matériaux en raison de leur faible épaisseur ou de leur faible masse, de leur faculté d'être initiés par une très faible puissance et de s'auto-consummer en dégageant très rapidement une grande quantité de gaz et de chaleur, sont très utiles pour agir dans des microsystèmes fonctionnant à la pression atmosphérique ou à une pression voisine de celle-ci.These materials due to their thinness or their low mass, their ability to be initiated by a very low power and to consume itself in rapidly releasing a large amount of gas and are very useful for acting in microsystems operating at atmospheric pressure or at a pressure close to it.
Ils peuvent se présenter sous une forme quelconque mais cette forme doit avoir selon une des réalisations, une épaisseur inférieure à 500 µm, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 300 µm. Ils peuvent par exemple être sous forme de films, de feuilles, de rubans ou de couches. L'épaisseur de ces films, feuilles, rubans, ou couches est généralement égale ou supérieure à 50 µm, de préférence égale ou supérieure à 100 µm.They can be in any form but this form must have according to one of the realizations, thickness less than 500 µm, preferably less than or equal to 300 µm. They can for example be in the form of films, sheets, ribbons or layers. The thickness of these films, sheets, ribbons, or layers is generally equal to or greater than 50 µm, preferably equal to or greater than 100 µm.
Selon une autre réalisation, cette forme a une masse généralement inférieure à 15 mg, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 3 mg. Les matériaux peuvent être par exemple sous forme de perles. Généralement, la masse de ces matériaux est égale ou supérieure à 0,1 mg, de préférence égale ou supérieure à 0,2 mg.According to another embodiment, this form has a mass generally less than 15 mg, preferably less than or equal to 3 mg. Materials can be for example in the form of pearls. Generally, the mass of these materials is 0.1 mg or more, preferably 0.2 mg or more.
Les composés qui forment les liants contenus dans les matériaux de la présente invention sont les composés connus habituellement utilisés dans le domaine pyrotechnique. Ils se trouvent dans le commerce ou ils se préparent selon des procédés connus. The compounds that form the binders contained in the materials of the present invention are the compounds known usually used in the field pyrotechnic. They are in the trade or they are prepared according to known methods.
En plus des composants principaux précédemment mentionnés qui forment le liant, on inclut également dans celui-ci, les additifs habituels tels que notamment les catalyseurs de polymérisation et les réticulants.In addition to the main components previously mentioned which form the binder, we also include in it, the usual additives such as in particular polymerization catalysts and crosslinkers.
Selon une variante de l'invention, les matériaux comprennent de 30% à 80%, de préférence de 40% à 60%, en poids du liant énergétique à base de PAG ou de BAMO et de 20% à 70%, de préférence de 40% à 60% en poids de perchlorate d'ammonium.According to a variant of the invention, the materials comprise from 30% to 80%, preferably from 40% to 60%, in weight of the energy binder based on PAG or BAMO and from 20% to 70%, preferably from 40% to 60% by weight of ammonium perchlorate.
Le liant préféré, selon cette variante, est à base de polyazoture de glycidyle.The preferred binder, according to this variant, is based of glycidyl polyazide.
Selon une autre variante de l'invention les matériaux comprennent :
- de 25% à 70% en poids du liant énergétique à base de polyester ou de polyéther et d'au moins un plastifiant énergétique
- de 10% à 35% en poids de perchlorate d'ammonium, et
- de 0% à 45% en poids d'au moins une nitramine.
- from 25% to 70% by weight of the energy binder based on polyester or polyether and at least one energy plasticizer
- from 10% to 35% by weight of ammonium perchlorate, and
- from 0% to 45% by weight of at least one nitramine.
Comme exemples de polyesters et de polyéthers, on peut citer les polyadipates d'alkylèneglycol ou de polyalkylèneglycol et les polyalkylèneglycols.As examples of polyesters and polyethers, we may mention the polyadipates of alkylene glycol or of polyalkylene glycol and polyalkylene glycols.
Comme exemples de plastifiants énergétiques, on peut citer la nitroglycérine (Ngl), le trinitrate de butanetriol (BTTN), le trinitrate de triméthyloléthane (TMETN) et le dinitrate de triéthylèneglycol (TRENO). De préférence on utilise un mélange de plusieurs plastifiants.As examples of energetic plasticizers, we may include nitroglycerin (Ngl), trinitrate butanetriol (BTTN), trimethylolethane trinitrate (TMETN) and triethylene glycol dinitrate (TRENO). Of preferably we use a mixture of several plasticizers.
Les liants à base de polyesters ou polyéthers et d'au moins un plastifiant énergétique représentent de préférence de 35% à 50% en poids des compositions.Binders based on polyesters or polyethers and at least one energy plasticizer represent preferably from 35% to 50% by weight of the compositions.
Un liant à base de polyester qui convient bien comprend un polyadipate de diéthylèneglycol réticulé par un polyisocyanate tel que le tri(isocyanato-6-hexyl)biuret (BTHI).A polyester-based binder that works well includes a diethylene glycol polyadipate crosslinked by a polyisocyanate such as tri (isocyanato-6-hexyl) biuret (BTHI).
Le plastifiant énergétique est de préférence un mélange de TMETN et de BTTN.The energy plasticizer is preferably a mixture of TMETN and BTTN.
La quantité de perchlorate d'ammonium est dans ces matériaux de préférence de 20% à 32% en poids.The amount of ammonium perchlorate is in these materials preferably from 20% to 32% by weight.
On peut également ajouter dans ces matériaux une autre charge énergétique qui est choisie parmi les composés appartenant à la classe des nitramines tel que par exemple l'octogène ou l'hexogène. Un mélange de plusieurs nitramines peut être utilisé.One can also add in these materials a other energy charge which is chosen from among compounds belonging to the class of nitramines such as for example octogen or hexogen. A mix of more nitramines can be used.
La ou les nitramines représentent de préférence de 20% à 35% en poids de ces matériaux.The nitramine (s) preferably represent 20% to 35% by weight of these materials.
La dimension des grains de perchlorate dispersée dans les liants selon l'invention est importante afin d'obtenir les matériaux pyrotechniques qui possèdent les propriétés souhaitées. Cette dimension est de préférence choisie dans la gamme de 1 à 10 µm.The size of the dispersed perchlorate grains in the binders according to the invention is important so to obtain the pyrotechnic materials which have the desired properties. This dimension is preferably chosen in the range from 1 to 10 µm.
La puissance P de l'initiation ponctuelle que les matériaux peuvent recevoir est très faible. Elle est telle que 150 mW ≤ P ≤ 800 mW. De préférence P est ≥ à 300 mW. Elle doit être appliquée pendant un temps t, tel que 20 ms ≤ t ≤ 600 ms, de préférence t ≤ 125 ms. Cette condition ne signifie pas que chaque puissance P peut être appliquée pendant n'importe quel temps t compris dans cette fourchette pour initier le matériau, mais qu'il existe au moins un temps t compris dans cette fourchette permettant son initiation.The power P of the point initiation that the materials can receive is very low. She is such that 150 mW ≤ P ≤ 800 mW. Preferably P is ≥ to 300 mW. It must be applied for a time t, such than 20 ms ≤ t ≤ 600 ms, preferably t ≤ 125 ms. This condition does not mean that every power P can be applied for any time including t in this range to initiate the material but that there exists at least one time t included in this fork allowing its initiation.
Par initiation ponctuelle, on entend une initiation réalisée sur une très faible surface du matériau, de l'ordre de 0,2 mm2, par exemple sur une surface de 0,1 mm x 2 mm.By point initiation means an initiation carried out on a very small surface of the material, of the order of 0.2 mm 2 , for example on an area of 0.1 mm × 2 mm.
La puissance nécessaire pour activer le matériau peut être apportée par divers moyens connus tels que par exemple par une minirésistance électrique ou par un faisceau laser. The power needed to activate the material can be provided by various known means such as by example by a mini electrical resistance or by a laser beam.
L'inflammation ponctuelle du matériau pyrotechnique étant réalisée, la combustion se propage au travers du matériau très rapidement sans qu'aucun autre apport d'énergie soit nécessaire. Il se produit alors un grand dégagement de gaz et de chaleur.Point ignition of pyrotechnic material being carried out, the combustion propagates to the through material very quickly without any other energy supply is required. Then there is a great release of gas and heat.
Les principaux gaz qui se forment sont de l'hydrogène, de l'azote, de la vapeur d'eau, du gaz carbonique et/ou de l'oxyde de carbone.The main gases that are formed are hydrogen, nitrogen, water vapor, gas carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide.
Un autre objet de la présente invention concerne les compositions pour obtenir les matériaux tels que décrits précédemment. Elles comprennent les liants énergétiques, le perchlorate d'ammonium et éventuellement la ou les nitramines et les quantités de ces composants tels que mentionnés précédemment.Another object of the present invention relates to the compositions for obtaining the materials such as described previously. They include binders energy, ammonium perchlorate and possibly the nitramine (s) and the quantities of these components as mentioned previously.
On peut également ajouter dans ces compositions les additifs habituels tels que plastifiants, stabilisants, pigments, solvants ou charges qui améliorent leurs mises en oeuvre ou les propriétés des matériaux.We can also add in these compositions the usual additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers, pigments, solvents or fillers which improve their implementation or the properties of materials.
Les différents composants sont mélangés selon des techniques connues, généralement par malaxage.The different components are mixed according to known techniques, generally by kneading.
On peut obtenir les matériaux à partir de ces compositions au moyen de différentes techniques connues, par exemple en plaçant les compositions entre deux plaques ou dans un moule et en les faisant durcir sous l'effet de la chaleur ou en évaporant le solvant, ou par découpage dans un bloc durci de dimensions plus importantes, obtenu préalablement, ou bien en utilisant la technique de dépôt par sérigraphie suivi du durcissement.The materials can be obtained from these compositions using different known techniques, for example by placing the compositions between two plates or in a mold and hardening them under the effect of heat or by evaporating the solvent, or by cutting in a hardened block of more dimensions important, obtained beforehand, or using the deposition technique by screen printing followed by hardening.
Un autre objet de la présente invention concerne plusieurs utilisations des nouveaux matériaux pyrotechniques.Another object of the present invention relates to several uses of new materials pyrotechnics.
Ces utilisations sont très variées. Compte tenu des caractéristiques de ces matériaux, ils conviennent pour faire partie de microsystèmes comme microgénérateurs de gaz, micropropulseurs ou microgénérateurs de chaleur. En particulier, ils sont utiles pour réaliser des systèmes de micropompes ou de microvannes. De tels microsystèmes se trouvent notamment dans des dispositifs pour administrer des médicaments par voie transdermique. Ils sont également utiles pour transférer des ordres dans des circuits logiques de transmission pyrotechnique, pour former des éléments de microfusibles de circuit de transmission électrique, pour servir d'initiateurs d'allumage ou pour former le chargement propulsif de micropropulseurs employés par exemple pour modifier le positionnement ou la trajectoire de satellites.These uses are very varied. Considering characteristics of these materials, they are suitable to be part of microsystems as microgenerators of gases, micropropellers or microgenerators heat. In particular, they are useful for realize micropump or microvalve systems. Such microsystems are found in particular in devices for administering drugs by route transdermal. They are also useful for transferring orders in logical transmission circuits pyrotechnic, to form microfuse elements electrical transmission circuit, to serve ignition initiators or to form the charge propellant of micropropellants used for example for modify the positioning or trajectory of satellites.
Les exemples qui suivent illustrent l'invention sans toutefois la limiter :The following examples illustrate the invention without however limiting it:
On a préparé une composition avec les composés
suivants :
Les composés ont été mélangés dans un malaxeur horizontal à 50°C pendant 3 heures.The compounds were mixed in a mixer horizontal at 50 ° C for 3 hours.
Avec cette composition, on a formé un film de dimensions 2 mm x 2 mm et d'épaisseur 0,1 mm par polymérisation entre deux plaques métalliques.With this composition, we formed a film of dimensions 2 mm x 2 mm and thickness 0.1 mm by polymerization between two metal plates.
On a ensuite initié le film avec une puissance de 400 mW appliquée sur une surface rectangulaire de 0,1 mm x 2 mm pendant 600 ms au moyen d'une minirésistance électrique. Il brûle alors très rapidement avec une flamme régulière.We then started the film with power 400 mW applied on a rectangular surface of 0.1 mm x 2 mm for 600 ms by means of a mini-resistance electric. It then burns very quickly with a regular flame.
On a préparé une composition avec les composés
suivants :
Les composés ont été mélangés dans un malaxeur horizontal à 50°C pendant 3 heures.The compounds were mixed in a mixer horizontal at 50 ° C for 3 hours.
Avec cette composition, on a formé par polymérisation entre deux plaques métalliques un film de dimensions 2 mm x 2 mm et d'épaisseur 0,2 mm. On a initié le film avec une puissance de 800 mW appliquée sur une surface rectangulaire de 0,1 mm x 2 mm pendant un temps de 20 ms au moyen d'une minirésistance électrique. La température d'initiation est alors de 300°C. Le film brûle très rapidement à une vitesse de 2,3 mm/s.With this composition, we formed by polymerization between two metal plates a film of dimensions 2 mm x 2 mm and thickness 0.2 mm. We have initiated the film with a power of 800 mW applied on a rectangular surface of 0.1 mm x 2 mm for a time of 20 ms by means of a mini-resistance electric. The initiation temperature is then 300 ° C. The film burns very quickly at a speed of 2.3 mm / s.
La quantité de chaleur produite par la combustion est de 3654 kJ/g.The amount of heat produced by combustion is 3654 kJ / g.
Les gaz qui se dégagent sont principalement de l'hydrogène, de l'azote et de l'oxyde de carbone.The gases released are mainly of hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon monoxide.
On a préparé une composition avec les composés
suivants :
Les composés ont été mélangés dans un malaxeur horizontal à 50°C pendant 3 heures.The compounds were mixed in a mixer horizontal at 50 ° C for 3 hours.
Le rendement gazeux théorique du matériau est de 0,6 l/g.The theoretical gas yield of the material is 0.6 l / g.
Les principaux gaz dégagés sont de l'oxyde de carbone, du gaz carbonique, de l'hydrogène, de l'azote et de la vapeur d'eau.The main gases released are carbon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen and water vapor.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9801538 | 1998-02-10 | ||
| FR9801538A FR2774684B1 (en) | 1998-02-10 | 1998-02-10 | NEW NON-DETONATED PYROTECHNIC MATERIALS FOR MICROSYSTEMS |
| NO19991464A NO311210B1 (en) | 1998-02-10 | 1999-03-25 | Non-detonable pyrotechnic material, use of the material, and mixture for the preparation of the material |
| CA002267512A CA2267512C (en) | 1998-02-10 | 1999-03-26 | New non-detonatable pyrotechnical materials for microsystems |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0936205A1 true EP0936205A1 (en) | 1999-08-18 |
| EP0936205B1 EP0936205B1 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
Family
ID=32096403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99400281A Expired - Lifetime EP0936205B1 (en) | 1998-02-10 | 1999-02-08 | Non-detonatable pyrotechnic materials for microsystems |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6080248A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0936205B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2267512C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69903205T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2774684B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO311210B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004104493A3 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2005-02-17 | Alexza Molecular Delivery Corp | Methods of controlling uniformity of substrate temperature and self-contained heating unit and drug-supply unit employing same |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19616627A1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-06 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Kindling mixtures |
| FR2807946B1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2002-06-07 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | NEEDLELESS SYRINGE OPERATING WITH A TWO-COMPOSITION PYROTECHNIC LOAD |
| DE10118005B4 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2005-11-10 | Schwesinger, Norbert, Prof.Dr.-Ing. | Micro engine |
| FR2827377B1 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2003-12-05 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | IGNITION DEVICE FOR PYROTECHNIC MICROCHARGES |
| FR2836907B1 (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2005-03-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | MICROVANNE WITH PYROTECHNIC ACTUATION |
| US7402777B2 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2008-07-22 | Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Stable initiator compositions and igniters |
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| GB1283691A (en) * | 1961-09-11 | 1972-08-02 | Thiokol Chemical Corp | Solid propellant and method of making the same |
| US3745076A (en) * | 1966-02-02 | 1973-07-10 | Us Navy | Propellant composition with a nitro containing cross-linked binder |
| US3791892A (en) * | 1966-01-24 | 1974-02-12 | Us Navy | Castable polyurethane composite propellants |
| EP0208983A1 (en) * | 1985-07-04 | 1987-01-21 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Process and apparatus for the production of solid propellants |
| US5059175A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1991-10-22 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Implantable drug delivery system with piston actuation |
| WO1995009824A1 (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-04-13 | Thiokol Corporation | Bamo/ammo propellant formulations |
| GB2296248A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-06-26 | Secr Defence | Inert and energetic prepolymers co-cured with isocyanate |
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-
1998
- 1998-02-10 FR FR9801538A patent/FR2774684B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-02-08 DE DE69903205T patent/DE69903205T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-08 EP EP99400281A patent/EP0936205B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-10 US US09/247,520 patent/US6080248A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-25 NO NO19991464A patent/NO311210B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-26 CA CA002267512A patent/CA2267512C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| GB1283691A (en) * | 1961-09-11 | 1972-08-02 | Thiokol Chemical Corp | Solid propellant and method of making the same |
| US3791892A (en) * | 1966-01-24 | 1974-02-12 | Us Navy | Castable polyurethane composite propellants |
| US3745076A (en) * | 1966-02-02 | 1973-07-10 | Us Navy | Propellant composition with a nitro containing cross-linked binder |
| EP0208983A1 (en) * | 1985-07-04 | 1987-01-21 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Process and apparatus for the production of solid propellants |
| US5059175A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1991-10-22 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Implantable drug delivery system with piston actuation |
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| WO1995009824A1 (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-04-13 | Thiokol Corporation | Bamo/ammo propellant formulations |
| GB2296248A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-06-26 | Secr Defence | Inert and energetic prepolymers co-cured with isocyanate |
| WO1998022719A1 (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 1998-05-28 | Laboratoires D'hygiene Et De Dietetique (L.H.D.) | Miniature valve for filling the reservoir of an apparatus for the transdermal administration of medicine |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004104493A3 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2005-02-17 | Alexza Molecular Delivery Corp | Methods of controlling uniformity of substrate temperature and self-contained heating unit and drug-supply unit employing same |
| EP2096374A3 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2012-01-25 | Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Self-contained heating unit and drug-supply unit employing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0936205B1 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
| CA2267512A1 (en) | 2000-09-26 |
| DE69903205D1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
| DE69903205T2 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
| FR2774684B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 |
| NO991464L (en) | 2000-09-26 |
| FR2774684A1 (en) | 1999-08-13 |
| US6080248A (en) | 2000-06-27 |
| NO311210B1 (en) | 2001-10-29 |
| NO991464D0 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
| CA2267512C (en) | 2009-06-16 |
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