EP0935611A1 - Serine protease inhibitors - Google Patents
Serine protease inhibitorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP0935611A1 EP0935611A1 EP97925197A EP97925197A EP0935611A1 EP 0935611 A1 EP0935611 A1 EP 0935611A1 EP 97925197 A EP97925197 A EP 97925197A EP 97925197 A EP97925197 A EP 97925197A EP 0935611 A1 EP0935611 A1 EP 0935611A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- amino acid
- solid phase
- group
- peptide
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/81—Protease inhibitors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/06—Dipeptides
- C07K5/06191—Dipeptides containing heteroatoms different from O, S, or N
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/04—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length on carriers
- C07K1/042—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length on carriers characterised by the nature of the carrier
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/81—Protease inhibitors
- C07K14/815—Protease inhibitors from leeches, e.g. hirudin, eglin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- This invention relates to serine protease inhibitors and substrates, as well as to the synthesis of such compounds and novel methods and materials for synthesis of boron- containing compounds
- Modulation or inhibition of se ⁇ ne protease inhibitors is useful inter alia to prevent thrombosis
- I he famih ot serine protease enzymes cleaves peptide bonds a mechanism involving the catalytic triad of Asp-His-Ser residues in the active site of the en/ymes
- Serine protease inhibitois have been designed which use functional groups to interact with the triad and thereby block activation ot the enzyme substrates It can be desirable to make inhibitors selective for one target protease Discussion of the prior art relating to peptide inhibitors can be found in the specification of a UK patent application entitled “Thrombin Inhibitors” filed on the same date as this application and in PCT / GB96/00352 A copy of the specification of the application entitled
- ABE amon binding exosite
- the amino acid residue which provides the carbonyl group of the scissile bond of a serine protease substrate is designated "PI".
- Successive amino acid residues on the N- terminal side of residue PI are designated P2.
- P3, P4 etc. amino acid residues on the C-terminal side of residue PI are designated PI ' . P2 ' . P3 '
- PI ' is glycine and P2 ' is prohne.
- the protease contains a "specificity pocket" which recognises the side chain of the PI amino acid. Trypsin-like proteases normally recognise PI residues with arginine-like or serine-like side chains.
- the present invention provides novel bifunctional serine protease inhibitors comprising:
- CSDM catalytic site-directed moiety
- the CSDM and the EAM being capable of binding simultaneously to a molecule of the serine protease.
- the serine protease is not thrombin.
- he serine protease is preferably a trypsin-like protease.
- the inhibitor does not comprise a thrombin inhibitor in which the connector moiety is bonded to the CSDM as a C- terminal extension thereof, i.e. is not a compound as disclosed in US 5196404 and corresponding International application No WO 91/02750.
- the invention provides a novel method for preparing boron- containing peptides.
- natural amino acid means an L-amino acid (or a residue thereof) selected from one of the twenty common or “standard” ⁇ -amino acids found in proteins.
- unnatural amino acid is meant any ⁇ -amino acid (or residue thereof) other than the twenty “standard” amino acids. Unnatural amino acids therefore include the D- isomers of natural L- amino acids and amino acids having side chain protecting groups.
- Figure 1 is a Fourier Transform Infra Red (F.t.-I.R.) spectrum of a Merrifield resin
- Figure 2 is an F.t.-I.R. spectrum of the same resin after reaction with sodium 2.2-dimethyl- 1 ,3-dioxolane-4-methanolate.
- Figure 3 is an F.t.-I.R. spectrum of the reacted resin after treatment with HC1 to deprotect the hydroxy groups of the dioxolane.
- Figure 4 is an F.t.-I.R. spectrum of the deprotected resin after reaction with phenylboronic acid.
- the catalytic site-directed moiety binds to and inactivates the catalytic site of a serine protease enzyme.
- the structure of the CSDM is not critical to the invention. It may comprise the amino acid sequence of any known inhibitor of a serine protease catalytic site, for example.
- One class of CSDMs is included in the following Formula I:
- aa 1 . aa 2 , and aa' represent natural or unnatural acid residues and (aa ) m one or more optional amino acid residues linked to the amino group of aa ' .
- any one or more aa groups may be analogues of amino acid residues in which the ⁇ - hydrogen is replaced by a substituent.
- the sequence of amino acids and/or amino acid analogues binds to the serine protease active site. Suitable sequences are described later in this specification.
- X represents H or a substituent on the N-terminal amino group.
- Z is -COOH or a C-terminal extension group (carboxy replacement group), for example as known in the art.
- Z is a heteroatom acid group, e.g. -B(OH) 2 . - P(OH) 2 or PO(OH) : . or a derivative thereof, for example a carboxylic acid ester, a dioxo-boronate [-B(Osubstituent) 2 ] or a phosphate [-PO(Osubstiluent) 2 ] or BF 2 .
- Preferred heteroatom analogue groups are -B(OH) 2 and -P(0)(OH) 2 : a less preferred heteroatom analogue group is S(0) 2 OH.
- -CN -COCH 'l and -COCH 2 F.
- the (aa ⁇ )-(aa ) natural peptide linkage is replaced by another linkage ( ⁇ ). Additionally or alternatively other natural peptide linkages may be replaced by another linkage.
- PI residues of CSDMs are (i) Arg, Lys and their analogues, and (ii) hydrophobic residues; further description of preferred PI groups for thrombin which are also for other trypsin-like enzymes may be found in the aforesaid specification entitled "Thrombin Inhibitors" and in PCT/GB96/00352.
- Chymotrypsin-like serine proteases bind preferentially to CSDMs having phenylalanine-like and alanine-like side chains on the PI residue.
- the following table A indicates the most preferred (P4)P3P2 residues for eight particular serine proteases:
- a preferred amino acid may be replaced by an analogue thereof.
- the exosite associating moiety is a moiety which binds to an exosite (ABE) of a serine protease.
- Thrombin has a well defined exosite to which there binds, in addition to a fibrinogen amino acid sequence C-terminal to the thrombin cleavage site, non-substrate ligands of thrombin such as hirudin.
- Hirudin sequences such as Hir have been used in bifunctional peptides named "hirulogs”. The hirulogs are described in US 5196404; a further description of thrombin EAMs may be found in the aforesaid UK patent application entitled “Thrombin Inhibitors " .
- EAMs for thrombin are often termed "anion binding exosite associating moieties" (ABEAMs).
- sequences C-terminal to the cleavage point of other serine proteinase substrates form an EAM. as follows:
- the compounds of the present invention may contain a connector moiety which interconnects the CSDM and the EAM, the connector moiety being capable of permitting the CSDM and the EAM to bind simultaneously to a molecule of the respective serine proteinase inhibitor.
- the connector moiety is bonded to the CSDM as an N-terminal extension or as or through a side chain thereof.
- the connector moiety may be bonded to the CSDM either as a C-terminal extension or, alternatively, as an N-terminal extension or as or through a side chain. However, if the compound is a thrombin inhibitor, the connector moiety may not be a C-terminal extension of the CSDM.
- the connector moiety is an N-terminal extension of the CSDM, or if it is comprised in a side chain thereof, it desirably comprises an amino acid sequence containing at least two adjacent Gly residues, e.g. at its N-terminal end.
- the connector preferably comprises a peptide "spacer” and a non-peptide "linker”.
- a representative connector structure is:
- ⁇ represents a non-peptide linker and ⁇ a spacer comprising a sequence of amino acids, ⁇ and ⁇ suitably being joined by a peptide bond.
- the spacer ⁇ is preferably linked to the EAM and the linker ⁇ to the CSDM. although compounds in which ⁇ is linked to the CSDM and ⁇ to the EAM form a less preferred embodiment included in the invention.
- the linker is typically a residue of a compound having functional groups to react with the N-terminal amino group of the spacer and a functional group of the CSDM. such as the N-terminal group, for example.
- a preferred linker therefore, has two carboxylate groups, e.g. is a dicarboxylic acid which can form amide bonds with the N-terminal amino groups of the CSDM and the spacer.
- Particularly preferred linkers are a residue of glutaric acid (II0 2 C(CH 2 ) 3 CO 2 H) and homologues thereof of the formula (HO 2 C(CH 2 ) h C0 2 H) wherein h is an integer of 2 or from 4 to 6.
- the alkylene residue [- (CH 2 ) - 6 -] may be substituted by one or more substituents which do not stericallv hinder the linker, whereby the desirable flexibility of the linker is maintained.
- the linker may comprise for example the residue of another compound having two carboxyl groups whose carbon atoms are separated by from 2 to 6 atoms.
- the amino acid sequence of the spacer is not critical to the invention but it preferably comprises at least two adjacent Gly residues, normally at its N-terminal end.
- the length of the spacer is dependent upon inter alia the position on the CSDM to which the linker is attached.
- the connector moiety may have one or more natural amide bonds replaced by other linkages.
- the compounds of the invention can be prepared by using, for example, generally known methods for peptide synthesis and for coupling peptides.
- the novel compounds are made by a solid phase synthetic technique.
- Solid phase synthesis is a technique familiar to peptide chemists and detailed elucidation is therefore not required here. An introduction to the technique may be found in "The Chemical Synthesis of Peptides " . John Jones, Clarendon Press. Oxford. England. 1991.
- the principle of conventional solid phase synthesis is that an amino acid or peptide coupled to a solid phase is reacted with an amino acid which is protected against reaction with itself and. after coupling with the solid phase-linked amino acid, is deprotected for reaction with a further amino acid protected against reaction with itself. These steps are repeated as often as necessary.
- Fmoc fluorenylmethylcarbonyl
- Fmoc fluorenylmethylcarbonyl
- Fmoc chemistry also known generally as the 'Sheppard approach'
- PS polystyrene
- Kiesulguhr An example of an alternative solid is the polvamide called Kiesulguhr.
- the linker can be many things, but we prefer to use PEG (i.e. a polyethylene glycol linker), which has an alcohol function.
- PEG i.e. a polyethylene glycol linker
- the terminus of the linker typically called a 'handle', depends on the desired product, but for Fmoc chemistry will be a moiety such that it can finally be cleaved by acid.
- the most common terminus (which we have used) is HMBA or para-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid linker.
- the HMBA is esterified onto the PEG, and then the peptide or amino acid (with Fmoc on its N-terminus) is reacted to give also an ester link to the HMBA.
- the ester links are then cleavable by acid.
- the Fmoc protecting group is base labile and typically removed by a secondary base (e g. piperidine) and the resulting free amino group is reacted with a selected Fmoc-protectcd amino acid; the amino acid sequence is extended by repetition of these steps.
- Boc tertiarybutyloxycarbonyl
- the resin used in Boc chemistry is often divinyibenzyl based, for instance a * Wang ' resin has chloromethyl benzene co-polymerised to 2% divinylbenzene.
- the chloromethyl benzene group is reacted with an amino acid or peptide whose amino group is protected by Boc. to give a link to the resin.
- the link to the resin is typically cleaved (very carefully!) by dry, liquid HF. This is described as 'vigorous ' acidolysis.
- the Boc protecting group is acid labile and typically cleaved by TFA. prior to reaction of the resultant free amino group with a selected Boc-protected amino acid; as with Fmoc chemistry, the amino acid sequence is extended by repetition of these steps.
- N-terminal coupling methods may be used in making the products of the invention.
- the CSDM including any directly attached amino acid(s) is synthesised by N-terminal coupling.
- This technique is especially useful if the CSDM has C-terminal heteroatom group; in this method the resin bound peptide chain made using N-terminal coupling is derivatized to activate its carboxy termini, then a free ⁇ -aminoboronate ester or acid is coupled to the resin bound sequence.
- the peptide boronate (comprising the CSDM) is cleaved from the resin by strong acid (e.g. HF or TFA) prior to being joined to the remainder of the final product.
- strong acid e.g. HF or TFA
- the EAM is prepared by Fmoc solid phase peptide chemistry, e.g. using an Fmoc-polyamide continuous flow method.
- a suitable solid phase for this purpose is the pre-derivatised solid support Fmoc-Leu-PEG-PS.
- the peptide-conjugated resin is subsequently treated with, for example, glutaric anhydride, one carboxyl group of which reacts with the N-terminal amino group of the EAM.
- a pre-synthesised peptide boronate CSDM is reacted with the resin/peptide/glutaric acid conjugate to form the final compound, which is cleaved from the resin, for example by treatment with 100% TFA.
- boronic acids [-B(OH) 2 ] are directly esterified onto diols coupled to a resin. Chain extension is continued from the amino group of the amino acid by, for example, standard Fmoc chemistry.
- the boronic acid ester is cleaved from the resin by acid (e.g. TFA) to give the peptide boronate [peptide-B(OH) 2 J. or by transesterification. for example, by concentrated solution of a hindered diol. such as pinanediol, for example.
- the invention therefore includes a method of making a compound of the invention, comprising performing the following steps to make a target amino acid sequence-
- step (iv) repeating step (iii) as often as necessary.
- the functional groups coupled to a solid phase may be on a moiety which is incorporated in the end product compound, e.g. may be an amino group (which may be derivatised) of an amino acid coupled directly or indirectly to the solid phase.
- One or more additional steps may be, and often are, included in the method to obtain the compound of the invention.
- preferred methods include, when desired, a step (v) of coupling a said sequentially following amino acid of a step (iii) to said preceding amino acid of the step through a compound having two functional groups capable of reacting with an amino group, whereby one of said functional groups becomes bonded to the amino group of said preceding amino acid and the other to the amino group of said following amino acid.
- the sequentially following amino acid of a step (iii) may be part of a larger moiety, e.g. of an amino acid sequence optionally containing a replacement for a natural peptide bond.
- any one or more carboxvlate groups reacted with an amino group may be in the form of a reactive carbonyl-containing derivative thereof, such as an activated carboxyl group, for example an acid anhydride.
- the final compound of the solid phase synthesis is cleaved from the solid phase, for example in a manner known per se.
- the cleaved compound may be subjected to one or more further chemical reactions before the end product compound is obtained.
- the terminal amino acid reacted with the functional groups attached to the solid phase is the C-terminal amino acid of the EAM and step (iii) is repeated to couple successive amino acids of the EAM sequence and successive amino acids of any contiguous connector peptide. to form an uninterrupted amino acid sequence.
- the final amino acid of the uninterrupted amino acid sequence coupled to the solid phase may be reacted with a compound having two carboxylate groups or reactive derivatives thereof, for example the anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid, to bond one of the two carboxylates to the amino group of the final amino acid.
- the unreacted carboxylate or carboxylate derivative is typically reacted with the amino group of an amino acid, which is normally the N-terminal amino acid of the CSDM.
- the amino acid may already be bonded to the remainder of the CSDM, i.e. the CSDM may be separately made in whole (or in part) for joining to the unreacted carboxylate (derivative).
- the compound having two carboxylate groups is preferably a linker as described above.
- the heteroatom group is preferably a boronate or boronate derivative as described above.
- An amino acid or other moiety reacted with the solid phase material desirably has all its reactive functional groups which could interfere with the synthesis protected, other of course than the group to be reacted with the solid phase material. Any protected functional group of the reacted amino acid or moiety which is subsequently itself to be reacted is deprotected before it is subjected to reaction.
- a first preferred method therefore, comprises:
- a second preferred method comprises:
- step (vii) optionally repeating steps (ii) and (iii) with successive amino acids of the spacer and then repeating step (ii) with the N-terminal amino acid of a CSDM sequence, the N-terminal amino acid of the CSDM sequence optionally being part of a complete CSDM:
- the synthesised compound is preferably cleaved from the solid phase by acid.
- the preceding methods preferably involve the use of a CSDM amino acid or amino acid sequence (e.g. a complete CSDM) having a C-terminal boron group.
- a CSDM amino acid or amino acid sequence e.g. a complete CSDM having a C-terminal boron group.
- the functional groups coupled to a solid phase may be part of a moiety which is incorporated in the end product compound, e.g. may be an amino group (which may be derivatised) of an amino acid coupled directly or indirectly to the solid phase.
- the functional groups coupled to the solid phase are part of an amino acid boronate which is incorporated in the end product compound, i.e. the solid phase has coupled thereto a diol to which is bound an amino acid boronate.
- an amino acid whose side chain has an amino or carboxyl group is coupled to a solid phase through the carboxyl group or amino group to the side chain.
- Chain extension is carried out from one of the functional groups of the amino acid, for example Fmoc synthesis from the amino group.
- the other functional group is then reacted with some other constituent part of the end product, for example an amino acid boronate (to form the PI residue of the CSDM).
- Solid phase synthesis of boron-containing peptides is. however, of applicability to any such peptides. and not only to the serine protease inhibitors of the invention.
- Peptide boronates are a well established class of compounds which have hitherto been made by solution chemistry.
- peptide serine protease inhibitors are known in which the C-terminal carboxy group is replaced by a boronic acid group or a derivative thereof.
- Representative compounds are of the Formula II:
- (aa) represents a sequence of amino acids (e.g. as in Formula I); R and R are each independently selected from halogen, -OH, -OR and -NR R 5 , where R 4 and R 5 are each independently a group of the formula R (CO) u -, wherein u is 0 or 1 ; R 6 is II or an optionally halogenated alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl group containing up to (10 - u) carbon atoms and optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from -OH, R 7 (CO) v O- and R 7 (CO) v -, wherein v is 0 or 1 ; R 7 is C r C 6-v alkyl, or is an aryl. alkylaryl, arylalkyl or alkylarylalkyl group containing up to ( 10-v) carbon atoms,
- R 2 and R 3 taken together represent a residue of a diol or a dithiol.
- Such peptide boronates are described, for example, in WO 92/07869 (equivalent to USSN 08/317,387), EP 0471651 (which corresponds to US 5288707) and USSN 08/240,606. the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- boron-containing peptides may be synthesised by solid phase chemistry without serious degradation.
- One aspect of the invention is the use of a boron-containing amino acid analogue in peptide synthesis using solid phase chemistry, especially Fmoc chemistry (also known as the "Sheppard approach").
- a method of making a peptide or a peptide- containing compound comprising performing the following steps to make a target amino acid sequence:
- step (v) repeating step (iv) as often as necessary;
- the method of the invention for making a peptide or peptide-containing compound may comprise a step of coupling a peptide to a solid phase-linked compound prepared by previous steps of the process, optionally as a step (iv) of the process [i.e. a step (iv) of the process in which the sequentially following amino acid is part of a peptide].
- the method of the invention for making a peptide or peptide-containing compound may comprise a step of coupling to a solid phase-linked compound prepared by previous steps of the process a compound other than an amino acid or peptide.
- a compound other than an amino acid or peptide such as. for example, a compound having two carboxyl groups for use in linking an amino group of a solid phase-linked peptide with an amino group of a peptide, peptide analogue or amino acid in the liquid phase.
- any other liquid phase compound capable of reacting with an amino group or, as the case may be, a carboxyl group could thus be linked to the solid phase-linked peptide.
- Diamines are useful for interconnecting moieties having carboxyl groups (e.g. in the form of reactive derivatives thereof).
- a solid phase-linked compound whose free end terminates with a dicarboxylic acid residue may be further extended by reaction of the free carboxyl residue (optionally in the form of a derivative thereof) with the amino group of an amino acid, e.g. a dicarboxylic acid residue coupled to a solid phase-linked EAM-spacer moiety may be reacted with an amino acid of a CSDM, for example the N-terminal amino acid of a CSDM.
- Step (ii) of the method may comprise reacting an amino group or an optionally derivatised carboxy group of an amino acid with a functional group coupled directly or indirectly to a solid phase, as part of conventional solid phase peptide synthesis, for example.
- the amino or carboxy group coupled to the solid phase is often the terminal amino or carboxy group but in some embodiments is a functional group of a side chain, such as the side chain carboxyl group of glutaric acid, for example; the C- terminal carboxy group of the amino acid attached to the solid phase through its side chain may be replaced by the boronic acid residue [-B(OFl) 2 ] or an ester thereof.
- the method may comprise N-terminal coupling in SPPS, in which the carboxy terminus of a resin bound peptide is coupled to a free ⁇ -aminoboronate acid or ester. prior to acid cleavage of the resultant product from the resin.
- step (ii) comprises reacting an amino acid or peptide boronic acid or ester /OH
- E 1 and E represent boronic ester- forming residues or may together form a single residue, with a diol coupled to the solid phase.
- the technique of linking a boron atom (e.g. as part of an amino acid or peptide boronic acid or ester) to a solid phase through hydroxy groups coupled (directly or indirectly) to the solid phase is novel and forms an aspect of the invention.
- the solid phase synthetic method may be used to make a peptide boronate inhibitor of a serine protease catalytic site, optionally in the synthesis of a bifunctional serine protease inhibitor.
- boronic acids can be directly esterified onto diol-containing resins, and then chain extension continued from the N-terminal end by. for example, standard Fmoc- chemistry. Subsequently the boronic acid ester can be cleaved, either by mineral acids, to give the free boronic acids [peptide-B(OH) 2 ]. or by transesterification, e.g. by a concentrated solution of a diol, especially a hindered diol such as pinanediol, for example.
- the literature describes ways of preparing diol-containing solid phase resins, which can be derivatised by aldehydes and are suitable also to be derivatised by boronic acids/esters (e g. Xu,Z.-H., McArthur.C.R and LeznoffC.C. 'The monoblocking of symmetrical Diketones on Insoluble Polymer Supports'. Can.J.Chem.. 1993, 61,1405- 1409. and LeznoffC.C. and Sywanyk,W. 'Use of Polymer Supports in Organic Synthesis.9. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Caretenoids on Solid Phase'. J.Org.Chem., 1997, 42, 3203-3205).
- boronic acids/esters e g. Xu,Z.-H., McArthur.C.R and LeznoffC.C. 'The monoblocking of symmetrical Diketones on Insoluble Polymer Supports'. Can.J.Chem
- the diol is a compounds having two or more alcoholic hydroxy groups.
- X and Y are protecting groups.
- R is the side chain of an amino acid boronate/boronic acid.
- the resin is washed after each step.
- the diol is not protected before it is reacted with the resin.
- Base 2 Lewis acid (e.g. TFA), scavenger.
- Lewis acid e.g. TFA
- SPPS solid phase peptide synthesis
- he invention includes a method lor making a compound comprising a peptide boronic acid oi peptide boronate ester the method comprising
- the alcoholic hydroxy groups coupled to the solid phase arc preferably arranged such that pairs of the groups can be bonded to a boron atom, i c such that a boron atom can be di-este ⁇ fied by them
- the hydroxy groups are in a 1 ,2-ar ⁇ angemcnt ( i e. on adjacent carbons); in other embodiments they are spaced apart on chains (e.g a residue of NH(CH ? CH ? OH) 2 ).
- each ammo acid coupled to the solid phase has a protected amino group and step ( nn comprises deprotecting the amino group of the sequentially precedin ⁇ ammo acid
- step ( ⁇ i comprises deprotecting the amino group of the sequentially precedin ⁇ ammo acid
- the cleavage of step ( ⁇ i is performed w ith acid or bv transesterification
- R is a residue bonded to the boron atom, and is usually an organic moiety.
- Residue R is in one class of material free of functional groups reactive with alcoholic hydroxy groups (but the material may contain such functional groups in protected form, e g prior to deprotection)
- such functional groups are unprotected, protecting groups having prcuousK been removed
- R is typically an organic moiety having one or more functional groups to enable R to undergo a chemical reaction, any proleciahle luncuonal groups be protected
- the solid phase has coupled thereto a moiets ot I mmla V
- One or both of the hydrogen atoms of the -CH - group be replaced by other groups compatible with the use of the material, e g alkyl groups (for example methyl or butyl)
- the left hand oxygen of Formula IV is part of an ester.
- a first ciass of solid phase synthetic methods comprises performing the following steps to make a target amino acid sequence:
- step (i) providing a solid phase having coupled thereto functional groups capable of reacting with a carboxyl group; (ii) causing a compound reactive with the functional groups and comprising an amino group protected by a base-labile protecting group to react with the functional groups to form an acid labile bond; (iii) deprotecting the amino group with a base; (iv) causing the carboxyl group of an amino acid whose amino group is protected by a base-labile protecting group to react with the deprotected amino group resulting from step (iii);
- step (ii) of the method may comprise reacting an optionally derivatised carboxy group of an amino acid with a functional group coupled directly or indirectly to a solid phase, for example by a method known per sc in solid phase chemistry
- the amino acid may be the compound comprising a boronic acid or ester group, i.e. an amino acid boronic acid or ester.
- step (ii) may comprise reacting the compound comprising a boronic acid or ester group in the form of an amino acid or peptide boronic acid or ester with a diol coupled to the soiid phase.
- the process is suitable for making a peptide boronate inhibitor of a serine protease catalytic site, optionally in the synthesis of a bifunctional serine protease inhibitor.
- the other variants described above of the method of making a peptide or peptide- contammg compound are applicable to said first class of solid phase synthetic methods.
- a second ciass of solid phase synthetic methods comprises performing the following steps to make a target amino acid sequence.
- methods of the first and second classes of solid phase synthetic methods may comprise a step of coupling to a solid phase-linked compound prepared by previous steps of the process a compound other than an amino acid or peptide
- I he compounds of the invention do not have to contain boron although they do so
- the non-boron containing compounds may also be prepared by solid phase synthesis ome compounds of the invention have a natural peptide bond replaced by I s another linking group further information on methods suitable for the synthesis of all the compounds of (he inv ention may be found in the aforesaid patent application filed today and entitled " hrombin Inhibitors"
- novel compounds according to the present invention are useful as inhibitors or substrates of serine proteases, e thrombin, and may be used m vitro or in vivo for diagnostic and mechanistic studies of such enzymes More generally, the novel peptides may be useful for research or synthetic purposes. Furthermore, because of their inhibitory action, the inhibitors are useful in the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by an excess of thrombin or .mother serine proteases in a regulatory system particularly a mammalian system, e.g. the human or animal body, for example control of the coagulation system.
- the pharmaceutically useful compounds have a pharmaceutically acceptable group as any N-terminal substituent (X).
- the anti-thro botic compounds of the invention may be employed when an anti- thrombogenic agent is needed. Generally, these compounds may be administered orally or parenterally to a host in an effective amount to obtain an anti-thrombogenic effect. In the case of larger mammals such as humans, the compounds may be administered alone 5 or in combination with one or more pharmaceutical carriers or diluents at a dose of from 0.02 to l Omg/Kg of body weight and preferably l - 100mg/Kg.
- 0 1 - l mg/K.g may be administered intravenously
- I - 100 mg per litre may be provided to pre ⁇ cnt coagulation
- Pharmaceutical diluents or carriers tor human or . etc ⁇ nary use are well known and include sugars, starches and water, and may be used to make acceptable formulations of pha ⁇ naceutical compositions (human or ⁇ cie ⁇ nary ) containing one or more of the 5 subject peplidcs in the required pharmaceutically appropnate or effective amount or concentration
- the pharmaceutical formulations may be in unit dosage form
- Formulations of the compounds include tablets, capsules mjectable solutions and the like.
- Hie anti-coagulant compounds of the invention may also be added to blood for the purpose of preventing coagulation of the blood in blood collecting or distribution containers, tubing or impiantable apparatus w hich comes in contact with blood
- the compounds of the invention include oral activity, rapid onset 5 of activity and low toxicity.
- these compounds may have special utility in the treatment of individuals who are hypersensitive to compounds such as heparin or other known inhibitors of thrombin or other serine proteases
- the methods of the invention are useful for the synthesis of serine protease inhibitors 0 and other compounds. They are useful in combinatorial chemistry. The invention will be further described and illustrated by the Examples which now follow.
- amino acid residues are of L-configuration unless otherwise stated
- GlyGlyGln( I y w hich has the amino acid formula H-Gly -Gly-GIn-His- ⁇ sn- Gly-Asp-Phc-Glu-Glu-l le-Pro-Glu- 1 yr-Leu-OH. was prepared bv solid phase peptide chemistry on a Milhgen' ' °050 PepSynthesizer using an I nioc-polyamide continuous flow mcdiod and proprietary ⁇ 050 Plus on column monitoring sof tware Pre-de ⁇ vatiscd solid suppo ⁇ , Fmoc-Leu-PEG-PS ( 1.6g, 0 22meq g) was used throughout.
- Example la The peptide obtained in Example la was suspended in DMF (5ml) and treated with glutaric anhydride (300mg) and 4-methyl-morphoiine (200mg) in a round bottomed flask (25ml). The reaction mixture was swirled overnight. The resin was washed with DMF, DCM and MeOH, and then dried in-vac o overnight to obtain the target compound.
- H-D-Phe-ProBoroBpgOPin was prepared by adding a 40% solution of HBr tn acetic acid (20ml) to Cbz-D-Phe-Pro-BoroBpgOPin (2g) in a round bottomed flask (100ml) fitted with a septum and flushed with nitrogen. I he flask was swirled to effect complete dissolution of the protected tripeptide.
- the fully protected peptide resin was washed with dichloromethane. methanol and dichloromethane and then dried under vacuum. Cleavage from the resin with simultaneous deprotection of side chain protecting groups was achieved by treating the resin with 100% TFA for two hours. TFA was removed and the free peptide with a C- te ⁇ ninai carboxylic acid was generated by precipitation with cold dry ether. The crude peptide was collected by filtration and washed with further portions of ether.
- Tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium(O) [PdP(Ph 3 ) 4 ] ( l g) was dissolved under Ar in a solution of CH 3 C1 containing 5% acetic acid and 2.5% N-methylmorpholine (30ml). This mixture was transferred under Ar to a flask containing Fmoc-L-Glu(PEG- PS)OAl (1.6g). The resin was left to stand for 2 hours with occasional gentle agitation. The resin was filtered on a sintered glass funnel and washed with 0.5% diisopropylethylamine and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (0.5%w/w)in DMF (300ml) to remove the catalyst.
- I ⁇ io group was remov ed f rom the solid support I moc-L-Glu(PEG- PS jNH ⁇ r ⁇ BpgOPin using 20% pipe ⁇ d e in DM F.
- F moc-Phe-OPfp was coupled to the free N-terminus.
- Derivatised resin was collected by filtration, washed by 1,4-dioxane (1L), water (3x500ml), and MeOH:water (1 : 1 , 3x500ml), MeOH (3x500ml) and dry ether (3x500ml).
- An infra red spectrum was obtained by powdering of 1.5-2mg of resin with KBr (dry, 300mg) and compacting into a disc, then scanning on a Perkin 1600 Fou ⁇ er Transform I.R.
- the derivatised resin (Fig. 2) compared to Merrifield resin (Fig. 1) shows distinct stretching signals 1050 to 1 150cm ' (s) for ether stretching frequencies characteristic of a five membered ring; and dialkyl ether stretching at 1060 to 1 150cm "
- the derivatised resin was mixed with HCI ( 1.5M, 250ml) and 1 ,4-d ⁇ oxane (250ml) and the suspension stirred and heated at 80°C After 72h the resin was washed by water (500ml), MeOH ( 500ml). DCM (500ml ) and Et 2 0 (500ml). then dried in the air.
- F.t.- I.R. spectrum of the resin shows distinct O-H stretching frequencies at 34OO-3550cm ' (s), and a main peak at 3413.6 (Fig. 3); this peak is substantially larger than the signal at 2917.6cm '
- the ether (Fig 2) and Merrifield resin show only a weak ⁇ 3400cm " signal for background moisture
- the diol resin (5g, 5.5mmoi of diol) was suspended in THF (dry, 500ml) and phenylboronic acid (3.35g, 27.5mmol, 5 equivalents), and 4A sieves (dried at 150°C). After stirring under argon overnight, the resin was filtered under argon in a closed system, washed by THF (500ml) and dried under vacuum.
- Ft-L.R. (Fig. 4) shows a strong signal at 1026cm " 1 (aryl-alkyl stretching frequency) for the phenyl ring and a weak signal at 3417cm ' 1 (compared to Fig 3, for the starting diol)
- the follow ing l able 1 contains acti ity data relating to the invention
- the designation "/ '” denotes ben/ov loxy carbonv 1 and "N'Hir " refers to normal hirudin
- NHir49-64(dcs-S ) refers to the am o acid sequence from ammo acid 49 to amino acid 64 of no ⁇ nal hinidin in w hich the native Ty r(OSOjH) is replaced by Tyr.
- the follo ing tecliniqucs were employed for activity measurement:
- the buffer used contained 0. 1 M sodium phosphate. 0.2M NaCI, 0.5% PEG and 0.02% sodium azide. adjusted to pH 7.5 with orthophosphoric acid.
- the samples consist of the compound disclosed in DMSO.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9613719 | 1996-06-29 | ||
GBGB9613719.5A GB9613719D0 (en) | 1996-06-29 | 1996-06-29 | Serine protease inhibitors |
PCT/GB1997/001574 WO1998000442A1 (en) | 1996-06-29 | 1997-06-11 | Serine protease inhibitors |
CN97195991A CN1223664A (en) | 1996-06-29 | 1997-06-11 | Serine protease inhibitors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0935611A1 true EP0935611A1 (en) | 1999-08-18 |
Family
ID=40243006
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97925197A Withdrawn EP0935611A1 (en) | 1996-06-29 | 1997-06-11 | Serine protease inhibitors |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0935611A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000516202A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20000022350A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1223664A (en) |
AU (1) | AU729393C (en) |
CA (1) | CA2258634A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9613719D0 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ333390A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998000442A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB0405267D0 (en) * | 2004-03-09 | 2004-04-21 | Trigen Ltd | Compounds |
WO2009042922A2 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-02 | Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Peptide-peptidase inhibitor conjugates and methods of making and using same |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5196404B1 (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1996-09-10 | Biogen Inc | Inhibitors of thrombin |
US5240913A (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1993-08-31 | Biogen, Inc. | Inhibitors of thrombin |
-
1996
- 1996-06-29 GB GBGB9613719.5A patent/GB9613719D0/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-06-11 CA CA002258634A patent/CA2258634A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-11 AU AU30425/97A patent/AU729393C/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-06-11 JP JP10503897A patent/JP2000516202A/en active Pending
- 1997-06-11 EP EP97925197A patent/EP0935611A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-06-11 NZ NZ333390A patent/NZ333390A/en unknown
- 1997-06-11 KR KR1019980710776A patent/KR20000022350A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-06-11 WO PCT/GB1997/001574 patent/WO1998000442A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-06-11 CN CN97195991A patent/CN1223664A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO9800442A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2258634A1 (en) | 1998-01-08 |
KR20000022350A (en) | 2000-04-25 |
GB9613719D0 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
AU3042597A (en) | 1998-01-21 |
AU729393C (en) | 2002-05-16 |
AU729393B2 (en) | 2001-02-01 |
CN1223664A (en) | 1999-07-21 |
WO1998000442A1 (en) | 1998-01-08 |
NZ333390A (en) | 1999-11-29 |
JP2000516202A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
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