EP0935542B1 - Device and method for avoiding hearing damage during activation of vehicle occupant restraint systems - Google Patents

Device and method for avoiding hearing damage during activation of vehicle occupant restraint systems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0935542B1
EP0935542B1 EP97951884A EP97951884A EP0935542B1 EP 0935542 B1 EP0935542 B1 EP 0935542B1 EP 97951884 A EP97951884 A EP 97951884A EP 97951884 A EP97951884 A EP 97951884A EP 0935542 B1 EP0935542 B1 EP 0935542B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
set forth
sound event
primary
event
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP97951884A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0935542A1 (en
Inventor
Armin Kausch
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TRW Occupant Restraint Systems GmbH
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TRW Occupant Restraint Systems GmbH
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Priority claimed from PCT/EP1997/006281 external-priority patent/WO1998021072A1/en
Publication of EP0935542A1 publication Critical patent/EP0935542A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for Avoid hearing damage caused by the triggering of vehicle occupant restraint systems can arise.
  • gas bag restraint systems for example gas bag restraint systems or belt tensioners
  • gas generators in the form of pyrotechnic gas generators, hybrid gas generators or compressed gas storage provided when activated due to the sudden Energy release is a sound event in the form of a loud bang occurs.
  • airbag restraint systems With airbag restraint systems, the deployment of the Gas bags associated with a strong noise. The one there Occurring sound pressure levels can be so high that they cause hearing damage can come from vehicle occupants. Since the protective effect of a Restraint system including the short inflation time of one Gas bags or the rapid tightening of the belt depends on So far, however, the risk of hearing damage has been accepted.
  • Such hearing damage can be a blast, including acoustic Called trauma, or an explosion trauma, being when activated the restraint system, in particular an airbag restraint system one of the two trauma or both trauma can occur.
  • hearing damage is rather a rarity.
  • the appearance hearing damage depends on numerous factors, e.g. of the Type of gas generator, gas bag, volume of the passenger compartment and on the constitution, especially the age of the occupant. For the If there is hearing damage, there are therefore no exact sound level limits. The study of sound level limits from which Hearing damage is very difficult because the sound pressure level of depend heavily on the type of measuring equipment.
  • a blast trauma occurs in the Rule for sound impulses up to 2 ms duration and for sound pressure peaks of about 150 dB.
  • a blast trauma causes damage of the inner ear area, especially damage to the snail due to a high frequency sound event.
  • the symptoms of a blast trauma range from a short stabbing earache or a so-called tinnitus (constant whistling in the upper frequency range) up to a so-called clay sink, i.e. a hearing loss in certain frequency ranges.
  • the latter symptom also becomes a sound threshold loss called and can be temporary or permanent Be natural (Temporary Threshold Shift or TTS or Permanent Threshold Shift or PTS).
  • an explosion trauma In contrast to explosion trauma, an explosion trauma is caused by a Sound event with a sound pressure spike lasting longer than 2 ms and at a sound pressure level of more than about 150 dB caused. An explosion trauma is often accompanied by a tearing of the Eardrum and occasionally with a dislocation of the ossicular chain connected. Doing so can cause hearing loss over the entire Frequency range come. An explosion trauma is therefore one Damage to the inner ear and middle ear. Explosive trauma are caused by low frequency sound waves.
  • JP-A-04232142 is a device for avoiding Damage to hearing when airbags are deployed is known.
  • a speaker a microphone located near the head of the vehicle occupant, and a control device is provided.
  • the speaker will be like this controlled that the sound waves that occur when the airbag is triggered arise and the sound waves of the activated speaker in the Pick up the area of the microphone near the occupant's ears. This is to reduce the sound pressure level acting on the hearing become.
  • a military device is known, the the trigger of a weapon is coupled. Upon triggering the weapon first a sound event is generated, which is the so-called Stapedius reflex triggers in the human ear. This is delayed for this Weapon fired.
  • the sound event is either a continuous, prolonged sound pulse or a single sound pulse which generated in headphones that the shooter wears.
  • the invention provides an apparatus and a method for avoiding it by triggering vehicle occupant restraint systems hearing damage, in particular damage to the inner ear area.
  • the device comprises a sound source for Cause a primary sound event that doesn't has hearing-damaging sound pressure level, but which is the trigger of the acoustic reflex of the human ear is sufficient, and one Trigger control for the sound source.
  • the trigger control controls the sound source in the case of retention so that it is the primary Sound event shortly before the impact of a secondary one Causes sound event, which when the Restraint system occurs and a hearing pressure level that is harmful to hearing having.
  • the time interval between the sound events on the one hand and the sound level of the primary sound event on the other hand dimensioned so that hearing loss as a result of secondary Sound event is prevented.
  • the method according to the invention provides a primary sound event cause a non-hearing impairing sound pressure level has, but which triggers the acoustic reflex of the human ear is sufficiently high.
  • the primary sound event becomes so shortly before the occurrence of the secondary sound event caused which occurs when the restraint system is triggered and has a sound pressure level which is hazardous to hearing, that the acoustic Reflex is triggered and thereby hearing damage as a result of the secondary sound event is prevented.
  • the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention use the acoustic reflex of the human ear from exposure to high sound pressures immediately reduces its sensitivity, so that subsequent sound events only a fraction with the same or higher sound pressure the negative effects of the primary sound event on the Have inner ear.
  • the secondary sound event has a lower one physiological impact so that there is no damage to the inner ear, such as bang trauma.
  • the acoustic reflex comes through contraction of a muscle in the inner ear area. This will make the ossicular chain stiffened and the sound pressure reduced by approx. 5 dB.
  • the Stapedius reflex is from a sound pressure level of about 70 dB caused, the stimulus threshold to trigger the reflex continuous noise is higher. Matched to that in a vehicle
  • the sound source can usually be a prevailing noise level primary sound event with a sound pressure level in the range of approximately 70 to about 140 dB to trigger the acoustic reflex.
  • the sound pressure level should preferably be the primary Sound event at least about 100 dB, preferably more than about 110 dB. Because the so-called latency of the acoustic Reflexes, i.e. the time between the reflex triggering Sound event up to the change in impedance due to the reflex, with a primary sound event decreases from a higher sound pressure level, are sound events relatively just below the limit of hearing loss most suitable, the acoustic within a very short time Trigger reflex.
  • the primary sound event that triggers the acoustic reflex begins about 0.5 to about 30 ms before the secondary sound event.
  • the optimal distance between the beginning of the primary and the beginning of the secondary sound event depends on the sound pressure level of the primary Sound event due to the interaction described above between the level of the sound pressure level and the latency of the acoustic reflex.
  • the latency of the acoustic reflex ranges from about 0.5 to over 150 ms, but depending on the vehicle, at most about 30 ms before the restraint system is triggered is present to cause the primary sound event.
  • the primary sound event therefore begins about 5 to about 15 ms before the secondary sound event. It must always be ensured that the sound pressure level and the time interval between the start of the primary sound event from the start of the secondary sound event are coordinated so that the latency of an occupant with normal hearing function shorter than the time interval between the The beginning of the two sound events is.
  • the primary sound event should be a frequency spectrum in the range from about 500 to about 8000 Hz, preferably in the range of about 2000 to about 4000 Hz. In the latter area it is human ear most sensitive, i.e. a sound wave with a relatively low sound pressure level is already perceived.
  • the sound source calls a sound event with a frequency of about 3500 Hz. If the primary sound event through the sudden release of the energy of an energy store, e.g. of a pyrotechnic material, sound waves of an entire spectrum are generated, so that the Frequency range in which the sound waves generated exclusively should not be limited. When generating Sound waves through a loudspeaker, however, can be sound events in narrow frequency ranges or with an exact frequency produce.
  • the primary sound event preferably lasts a maximum of about 2 ms. Because there is a sound pressure level relatively just below the limit of Hearing damage, hearing damage must be caused by the primary sound event can be excluded.
  • By providing one relatively short primary sound event can be relatively high Probability of occurrence of one already described above Explosion trauma can be excluded, which is particularly the case with Sound events with a duration of more than 2 ms occur.
  • the primary sound event can be a short, one-time event in Form of a sound audible to the human ear be or the result of several consecutive individual noises, of which the primary sound before the secondary Sound event begins.
  • the sound source comprises a Energy storage, which is, for example, a compressed gas storage or contains pyrotechnic material.
  • a Energy storage which is, for example, a compressed gas storage or contains pyrotechnic material.
  • the sudden release of the Energy provides the primary sound event.
  • the Sound source also have a speaker, for example one piezoelectric speaker, by means of the relatively longer lasting Acoustic events can be caused.
  • the trigger control preferably has an accident sensor, on its signal, the primary sound event in the event of a restraint is caused, as well as in the preferred embodiment with control unit connected to the accident sensor.
  • the control unit is there formed so that they after a predetermined time interval Receiving a signal from the accident sensor a signal to trigger the delivers the primary sound event to the sound source.
  • the Accident sensor can be a deceleration sensor to determine the Vehicle deceleration or a tactile sensor like him is used for example to trigger side gas bags and which detects the deformation on the vehicle in an accident.
  • the accident sensor and the control unit can be designed in this way be able to identify an accident that is no longer avoidable, e.g. a distance sensor is provided which measures the distance Can detect objects relative to the vehicle.
  • the control unit calculates e.g. based on the current vehicle speed, whether the object approaching relative to the vehicle can still be avoided can. In this way it is possible to determine when the triggering of the primary sound event even before the start of a collision to lay. This may be necessary for a small car, for example be the time interval between the first deformation of the vehicle and the triggering of the restraint system as well as that associated evoking the secondary sound event is so small that even with immediate triggering of the primary sound event Do not start touching the vehicle in the event of a frontal impact there would be enough time for the human ear to trigger acoustic reflex completely.
  • the device according to the invention can be used as a separate assembly be trained and possibly in existing vehicles Restraint systems can be retrofitted.
  • the device has a complete, own trigger control, a common delay sensor or even a common control unit with the vehicle occupant restraint system on. With a common control unit the temporal succession of the primary and the secondary Control sound events even easier and more precisely.
  • the invention also provides an airbag restraint system for Vehicle occupants, with an airbag, a gas generator and one Trigger control, which includes a delay sensor and a control unit includes.
  • the inventive device for Avoid hearing damage caused by triggering the Vehicle occupant restraint system can arise in that Integrated gas bag restraint system.
  • a common trigger control is preferred Activation of the gas generator and triggering the primary Sound event provided.
  • the gas bag restraint system can be modular, whereby the gas bag module is pre-assembled in a vehicle.
  • the sound source of the device to avoid hearing damage in this case comprises an energy store, whose energy is suddenly released to the primary sound event to care. At least this energy storage forms together with the Module in which it is integrated, a complete, pre-assembled unit.
  • At least the Energy storage of the device in the gas generator of the gas bag restraint system integrated.
  • FIG 1 is a device 10 to avoid hearing damage represented in a highly simplified manner, which by triggering one is not shown vehicle occupant restraint system, for example one Airbag restraint system or a belt tensioner system can.
  • the device 10 comprises a sound source 12 and one Trigger control 14 for the sound source 12.
  • the trigger control 14 again has an accident sensor 16 and a control unit connected to it 18, to which the sound source 12 is connected.
  • the sound source 12 can be designed differently, as shown in FIG 2a to 2d. It is possible that Sound source 12 as a conventional loudspeaker 20 (see FIG. 2a) or as to execute piezoelectric loudspeaker 22 (see FIG. 2b). About that In addition, a sound event caused by the sound source can also by igniting pyrotechnic material 24, which in one Housing 26 is housed (see FIG. 2c). In the housing 26 protrudes connected to the control unit 18 Igniter 28.
  • the sound source 12 is the one shown in Figure 2c Embodiment as a low-performance gas generator for Vehicle occupant restraint systems built. According to Figure 2d Sound source 12 as a compressed gas source 30 with a filled with compressed gas Chamber 32 executed.
  • an opening in one Wall 34 of the pressurized gas source is exposed, through which the pressurized gas emerges and causes a sound event.
  • the sound event can also be triggered, for example, in the chamber 32 detonating gas is ignited and due to the high Internal chamber pressure breaks the wall 34 at predetermined locations and the gas flows out under high pressure and thereby enters Causes sound event.
  • the embodiment of the compressed gas storage 30 according to FIG. 2d is also like a previously common one in vehicle occupant restraint systems used gas generator built, which is only a very low Performance.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3c show different embodiments of the Accident sensor provided in the device according to the invention shown.
  • the sensor can be a deceleration sensor 16a (FIG 3a), a tactile sensor 16b (FIG. 3b) or a distance sensor 16c (Figure 3c).
  • the delay sensor 16a closes a rotatably mounted part that in a restraint case from its Home position pivots a circuit.
  • the tactile sensor 16b two slightly spaced plates are provided which for example, are provided in the storage of the bumpers and at slight deformation touch each other so that a circuit is closed.
  • the distance sensor 16c according to FIG. 3c sends in regular pulses from an object, e.g.
  • the Distance sensor 16c therefore constantly communicates with the control unit 18th
  • the device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is in a with a vehicle occupant restraint system equipped vehicle installed. Independently whether the vehicle occupant restraint system with a pyrotechnic gas generator, a hybrid gas generator or one Compressed gas storage works, arises when the vehicle occupant restraint system is triggered a loud bang, its sound pressure level too Hearing damage to vehicle occupants, including in the inner ear area can lead.
  • the device 10 shown in FIG. 1 avoids such Damage to hearing by using the acoustic reflex of the ear. This lowers after the impact of a sound event its sensitivity with high sound pressure, so that a subsequent Sound event less physiological effects on the ear everything in the inner ear, even if the secondary sound event a higher sound pressure level than the primary sound event should have.
  • the mechanical, electromechanical or electrical delay sensor can be formed, this one Signal that is passed on to the control unit 18.
  • the sound pressure level is sufficiently high to the trigger acoustic reflex, but is not so high that it is too Hearing damage.
  • the primary sound event lasts less than 2 ms, reaches a sound pressure level of at least about 100 dB and is preferably in the range of 110 to 140 dB.
  • the frequency of primary sound event can be predetermined within narrow limits.
  • the frequency spectrum of the primary sound event is preferably in the range from about 2000 to about 4000 Hz, with a particularly large one Sensitivity of the ear to trigger the acoustic reflex Sound events is around 3500 Hz.
  • the control unit 18 controls the sound source 12 in good time indicates that the primary sound event is just before the secondary Sound event that occurs when the intended gas generator is ignited is triggered occurs.
  • the minimum time offset between the The start of the primary and secondary sound event should start in Range from about 5 to 15 ms, so be large enough to accommodate the Protective effect through the acoustic reflex in the human ear trigger.
  • the device 10 shown in Figure 1 is separate Assembly performed in a one with a restraint system equipped vehicle can be retrofitted.
  • the temporal succession of the primary and secondary sound event can be better controlled if the Device is integrated into a vehicle occupant restraint system or forms part of the same, as is shown in FIGS. 4 to 8 is shown.
  • the device 10 is included coupled to an airbag restraint system 36 which has a folded Airbag 38 and a gas generator 40 arranged inside it includes.
  • the gas generator 40 is triggered via a Trigger control 42 by a control unit 44 and a Delay sensor 46 is formed.
  • the trigger control 42 provides a common control for the device 10 and the gas bag restraint system 36 represents.
  • the control unit 44 upon receipt of a corresponding signal from the delay sensor 46 first a signal to the sound source 12 and a short time delay to do this, a secondary signal to the gas generator 40, so that the Sound source 12 shortly before the gas generator 40 is ignited and thus accompanying secondary sound event for a primary Sound event provides.
  • the device 10 can also be used to avoid a Hearing damage that occurs when a belt tensioner system 48 is triggered possibly occurs, can be used, as shown in Figure 4 is also shown.
  • a belt tensioner system Hearing damage has so far not become known, but it can because gas generators are not near the head the occupant is arranged.
  • belt tensioner systems are conceivable where it would be beneficial to have the gas generator close to your head to arrange. In this case the sound pressure levels could be high enough to lead to hearing damage, also in the inner ear area, so that it is advantageous to provide the device 10.
  • the Belt tensioner system 48 consists, among other things, of a piston-cylinder unit 50, the piston being connected to a belt buckle 52. Pyrotechnic propellant 54 is activated by trigger control 42 ignited slightly after the primary sound event, so that also the high sound pressure level when the belt tensioner system is triggered 48 cannot damage your hearing.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 4 can also be modified in this way that the trigger control 42 with both the belt tensioner system 48 and is coupled to the gas bag restraint system 36. Since that Belt tensioner system 48 usually precedes the gas bag restraint system 36 is activated, the gas generator of the belt tensioner system 48 can be used as a sound source by the pyrotechnic Propellant 54 has sufficient time before the gas generator is activated 40 of the gas bag restraint system 36 is ignited. In this case, the separate sound source 12 can be omitted.
  • FIG. 5 differs from that shown in Figure 4 only in that the device 10th and the gas bag restraint system 36 by a common one Delay sensor 56 are coupled together. Instead of one common control unit 44, however, are two separate ones Control units 58 and 60 for the device 10 and the gas bag restraint system 36 provided.
  • An airbag module has, for example, a pre-assembled gas generator unit 61 and airbag 38 as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the Sound source 12 is for this purpose on a base plate 62 as part of the module attached to which also the gas generator 40 and the gas bag 38 fixed and are used to attach the gas bag module to the sound source 12 on a steering wheel hub (not shown).
  • an ignition delay element 63 is arranged between the sound source 12 and an igniter protruding into the interior of the gas generator 40 72.
  • the signal for Generation of the primary sound event that leads to the sound source 12 is passed from this to the ignition delay element 63 and thence to igniter 72 so that the start of the primary sound event a predetermined time interval from the start of the secondary sound event.
  • the ignition delay element 63 can be designed as a capacitor, for example.
  • the in Figure 6 The arrangement shown is particularly simple in terms of circuitry built up.
  • the primary sound event caused by igniting a pyrotechnic material so that the Sound source 12 is designed as a gas generator. That when igniting the generated material located in the sound source 12 Gas can be used to activate the gas bag restraint system prepare.
  • the gas generated is in a Positioning device 82, e.g. in the form of a folded Hose, directed.
  • the hose is arranged in the vehicle so that it opens an airbag cover when inflated, causing the Unfolding the gas bag 38 can be done faster.
  • the Hose 82 can be designed as a tensioning band, which the folded Airbag 38 positioned and thus also a faster deployment of the gas bag 38 allows.
  • the positioning of the gas bag 38 is especially in his training as a side airbag, the extreme must be deployed quickly, advantageous, e.g. with a head-side gas bag, which extends from the A pillar to the C pillar.
  • a central gas supply system (not shown) is provided in the vehicle, the positioning device 82 can also supply the gas Prepare for gas bag 38 or an appropriate switching device Press to release the gas.
  • the igniter 72 would and the ignition delay element 63 are omitted. Instead, it would lead a gas line directly into the interior of the gas bag 38.
  • FIG Sound source 12 even in the gas generator 61 of an airbag restraint system 36 integrated.
  • the interior of a housing 64 includes two chambers, the first chamber 66 with pyrotechnic material is filled, which upon ignition ignites gas to develop a Gas bags 38 generated.
  • the second, much smaller and also with Chamber 68 filled with pyrotechnic material serves as sound source 12.
  • Two separate igniters 70, 72 for the chambers 66, 68 are from the Control unit 44 activated sequentially, so that first pyrotechnic material is ignited in chamber 68 from the chamber exits and takes care of the primary sound event. Then will the pyrotechnic material of the first chamber 66 ignited to pass through the gas thus generated to deploy the gas bag 38.
  • FIG. 8 36 The embodiment of an airbag restraint system shown in FIG. 8 36 essentially corresponds to that shown in FIG. but with the gas generator 40 as a compressed gas storage or hybrid storage is executed.
  • the pyrotechnic material surrounding the igniter 72 therefore serves to open the gas generator housing.
  • the igniters 70, 72 via one arranged inside the gas generator Ignition delay element 63 interconnected so that the control unit 44 do not control the two igniters 70, 72 separately from one another got to. Since chamber 68 is located inside the gas generator housing, in the gas under pressure is stored, the gas will Ignition of the pyrotechnic material in chamber 68 caused heat via a wall delimiting the chamber 68 Gas supplied.
  • the power delivery a compressed gas storage or hybrid storage over the temperature range should be constant from -35 ° C to about 85 ° C. Because at extreme low temperatures, especially at temperatures below freezing, the performance of the gas generator may drop due to ignition of the pyrotechnic material in chamber 68 is the gas be warmed up. However, to avoid that hot gas is still there is additionally heated, the control unit 44 with a Temperature sensor connected to the temperature of the gas inside of the gas generator 61 is detected. Falls below the temperature of the Gas a predetermined limit temperature, e.g. 0 ° C, in case of retention the igniter 70 is activated. However, preheating the gas is not more necessary because the temperature of the gas exceeds the limit temperature, becomes a second one, located outside the gas generator 61 Sound source 84 activated.
  • a predetermined limit temperature e.g. 0 ° C
  • Airbag restraint systems are not only suitable for installation in a Steering wheel or in the dashboard. Especially with head gas bag restraint systems and for side airbag restraint systems Gas generators that have to deploy gas bags extremely quickly when the gas flows out of the gas generator sound events of high frequency and with higher sound pressure levels than this is housed in a steering wheel or dashboard Gas generator is the case.

Abstract

A device and a method for preventing damage to hearing which may result from activation of vehicle occupant restraint systems operate using a source of sound for producing a primary sound event having a sound pressure level non-injurious to hearing. The sound pressure level is, however, sufficient to trigger the so-called acoustic reflex of the human ear which has the effect that the ear's sensitivity is reduced when exposed to high sound pressure levels and the subsequent sound event has only a fraction of the negative effects of the primary sound event on the internal ear. The primary sound event needs only be triggered sufficiently shortly in time before the secondary sound event which occurs on activation of the restraint system and features a sound pressure level injurious to hearing.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Gehörschäden, die durch die Auslösung von Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystemen entstehen können.The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for Avoid hearing damage caused by the triggering of vehicle occupant restraint systems can arise.

Bei Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystemen, zum Beispiel Gassack-Rückhaltesystemen oder Gurtstraffern, sind Gasgeneratoren in Form von pyrotechnischen Gasgeneratoren, Hybridgasgeneratoren oder Druckgasspeicher vorgesehen, bei deren Aktivierung aufgrund der schlagartigen Energiefreisetzung ein Schallereignis in Form eines lauten Knalls auftritt. Bei Gassack-Rückhaltesystemen ist zudem das Entfalten des Gassacks mit einer starken Geräuschentwicklung verbunden. Die dabei auftretenden Schalldruckpegel können so hoch sein, daß es zu Gehörschäden bei Fahrzeuginsassen kommen kann. Da die Schutzwirkung eines Rückhaltesystems unter anderem von der kurzen Aufblaszeit eines Gassacks oder der schnellen Straffung des Gurtes abhängt, mußte bislang aber das Risiko von Gehörschäden in Kauf genommen werden.In vehicle occupant restraint systems, for example gas bag restraint systems or belt tensioners, are gas generators in the form of pyrotechnic gas generators, hybrid gas generators or compressed gas storage provided when activated due to the sudden Energy release is a sound event in the form of a loud bang occurs. With airbag restraint systems, the deployment of the Gas bags associated with a strong noise. The one there Occurring sound pressure levels can be so high that they cause hearing damage can come from vehicle occupants. Since the protective effect of a Restraint system including the short inflation time of one Gas bags or the rapid tightening of the belt depends on So far, however, the risk of hearing damage has been accepted.

Ein solcher Gehörschaden kann ein Knalltrauma, auch akustisches Trauma genannt, oder ein Explosionstrauma sein, wobei beim Aktivieren des Rückhaltesystems, insbesondere eines Gassack-Rückhaltesystems eines der beiden Traumata oder beide Traumata vorkommen können. Nicht bei jedem Auslösen eines Rückhaltesystems kommt es jedoch zu Gehörschäden, vielmehr sind Gehörschäden eher eine Seltenheit. Das Auftreten von Gehörschäden hängt von zahlreichen Faktoren ab, z.B. von der Art des Gasgenerators, dem Gassack, dem Volumen der Fahrgastzelle und von der Konstitution, insbesondere dem Alter des Insassen. Für das Auftreten eines Gehörschadens gibt es deshalb keine exakten Schallpegelgrenzen. Die Erforschung von Schallpegelobergrenzen, ab denen Gehörschäden auftreten, ist sehr schwer, da die Schalldruckpegel von der Art der Meßapparatur stark abhängen. Verallgemeinert läßt sich jedoch sagen, daß der Schalldruckpegel, ab dem es zu einem Gehörschaden kommt, um so höher sein muß, je kürzer die Dauer des auf das Ohr einwirkenden Schallimpulses ist. Ein Knalltrauma tritt in der Regel bei Schallimpulsen bis zu 2 ms Dauer und bei Schalldruckspitzen von über etwa 150 dB auf. Bei einem Knalltrauma kommt es zu Schädigungen des Innenohrbereichs, insbesondere zu Schädigungen der Schnecke aufgrund eines Schallereignisses mit hoher Frequenz. Die Symptome eines Knalltraumas reichen von einem kurzen stechenden Ohrschmerz oder einem sogenannten Tinnitus (andauerndes Pfeifgeräusch im oberen Frequenzbereich) bis zu einer sogenannten Tonsenke, d.h. einem Hörverlust in bestimmten Frequenzbereichen. Letzteres Symptom wird auch Tonschwellenschwund genannt und kann vorübergehender oder bleibender Natur sein (Temporary Threshold Shift oder TTS bzw. Permanent Threshold Shift oder PTS).Such hearing damage can be a blast, including acoustic Called trauma, or an explosion trauma, being when activated the restraint system, in particular an airbag restraint system one of the two trauma or both trauma can occur. Not however, every time a restraint system is triggered, hearing damage occurs, hearing damage is rather a rarity. The appearance hearing damage depends on numerous factors, e.g. of the Type of gas generator, gas bag, volume of the passenger compartment and on the constitution, especially the age of the occupant. For the If there is hearing damage, there are therefore no exact sound level limits. The study of sound level limits from which Hearing damage is very difficult because the sound pressure level of depend heavily on the type of measuring equipment. Can be generalized However, say that the sound pressure level from which it causes hearing loss comes, the higher the shorter the duration of the Ear impinging sound pulse. A blast trauma occurs in the Rule for sound impulses up to 2 ms duration and for sound pressure peaks of about 150 dB. A blast trauma causes damage of the inner ear area, especially damage to the snail due to a high frequency sound event. The symptoms of a blast trauma range from a short stabbing earache or a so-called tinnitus (constant whistling in the upper frequency range) up to a so-called clay sink, i.e. a hearing loss in certain frequency ranges. The latter symptom also becomes a sound threshold loss called and can be temporary or permanent Be natural (Temporary Threshold Shift or TTS or Permanent Threshold Shift or PTS).

Im Gegensatz zum Knalltrauma wird ein Explosionstrauma durch ein Schallereignis mit einer Schalldruckspitze von einer Dauer von mehr als 2 ms und bei einem Schalldruckpegel von mehr als etwa 150 dB verursacht. Ein Explosionstrauma ist häufig mit einem Reißen des Trommelfells und gelegentlich mit einer Luxation der Gehörknöchelchenkette verbunden. Dabei kann es zu einem Hörverlust über den gesamten Frequenzbereich kommen. Ein Explosionstrauma stellt deshalb eine Verletzung des Innenohrs und des Mittelohrs dar. Explosionstraumata werden durch Schallwellen von niedriger Frequenz verursacht.In contrast to explosion trauma, an explosion trauma is caused by a Sound event with a sound pressure spike lasting longer than 2 ms and at a sound pressure level of more than about 150 dB caused. An explosion trauma is often accompanied by a tearing of the Eardrum and occasionally with a dislocation of the ossicular chain connected. Doing so can cause hearing loss over the entire Frequency range come. An explosion trauma is therefore one Injury to the inner ear and middle ear. Explosive trauma are caused by low frequency sound waves.

Beim Auslösen eines Gassack-Rückhaltesystems wird ein etwa 50 ms dauerndes Schallereignis hervorgerufen, wobei das Schallereignis nicht in einem engen Frequenzbereich liegt, sondern ein Schallspektrum ausfüllt. Die maximal auftretenden Schalldruckpegel reichen von etwa 120 bis 165 dB. Das Schallereignis beim Auslösen eines Gassack-Rückhaltesystems beginnt unmittelbar mit dem Öffnen des Gasdruckspeichers, üblicherweise durch Initiieren einer pyrotechnischen Zündladung. Das Ausströmen von Gas aus dem Gasgenerator bei hoher Austrittsgeschwindigkeit sowie das Entfalten des Gassacks selbst erzeugen Schallwellen mit hohem Schalldruckpegel, wobei die Schalldruckspitzen meist zu Beginn des Schallereignisses auftreten. Die Frequenzen von unterhalb 300 Hz sind nach dem derzeitigen Stand der Forschung für eine Trommelfellschädigung und die Frequenzen oberhalb von 300 Hz für eine Innenohrschädigung verantwortlich. When a gas bag restraint system is triggered, an approximately 50 ms permanent sound event, whereby the sound event is not lies in a narrow frequency range, but a sound spectrum fills out. The maximum occurring sound pressure levels range from about 120 to 165 dB. The sound event when a gas bag restraint system is triggered starts immediately with the opening of the gas pressure accumulator, usually by initiating a pyrotechnic primer. The outflow of gas from the gas generator at high exit speed as well as the deployment of the gas bag itself Sound waves with high sound pressure level, the sound pressure peaks mostly occur at the beginning of the sound event. The frequencies of below 300 Hz are according to the current state of research for an eardrum damage and the frequencies above 300 Hz for damage to the inner ear.

Aus der JP-A-04232142 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Gehörschäden beim Auslösen von Airbags bekannt. Hierzu sind ein Lautsprecher, ein nahe des Kopfes des Fahrzeuginsassen angeordnetes Mikrophon, und eine Steuereinrichtung vorgesehen. Der Lautsprecher wird so angesteuert, daß sich die Schallwellen, die beim Auslösen des Airbags entstehen und die Schallwellen des aktivierten Lautsprechers im Bereich des Mikrophons nahe der Ohren des Insassen gegenseitig aufheben. Damit soll der auf das Gehör wirkende Schalldruckpegel reduziert werden.From JP-A-04232142 is a device for avoiding Damage to hearing when airbags are deployed is known. For this are a speaker, a microphone located near the head of the vehicle occupant, and a control device is provided. The speaker will be like this controlled that the sound waves that occur when the airbag is triggered arise and the sound waves of the activated speaker in the Pick up the area of the microphone near the occupant's ears. This is to reduce the sound pressure level acting on the hearing become.

Aus der US-A-3 271 520 ist ein militärisches Gerät bekannt, das an den Auslöser einer Waffe gekoppelt ist. Auf das Auslösen der Waffe hin wird zuerst ein Schallereignis erzeugt, welches den sogenannten Stapediusreflex im menschlichen Ohr auslöst. Zeitverzögert hierzu wird die Waffe ausgelöst. Das Schallereignis ist entweder ein kontinuierlicher, länger andauernder Schallimpuls oder ein einzelner Schallimpuls, welcher in Kopfhörern erzeugt wird, die der Schütze trägt. From US-A-3 271 520 a military device is known, the the trigger of a weapon is coupled. Upon triggering the weapon first a sound event is generated, which is the so-called Stapedius reflex triggers in the human ear. This is delayed for this Weapon fired. The sound event is either a continuous, prolonged sound pulse or a single sound pulse which generated in headphones that the shooter wears.

Die Erfindung schafft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Vermeidung von durch die Auslösung von Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystemen verursachten Gehörschäden, insbesondere von Schädigungen des Innenohrbereichs.The invention provides an apparatus and a method for avoiding it by triggering vehicle occupant restraint systems hearing damage, in particular damage to the inner ear area.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung umfaßt eine Schallquelle zum Hervorrufen eines primären Schallereignisses, das einen nicht gehörschädigenden Schalldruckpegel aufweist, der aber zur Auslösung des akustischen Reflexes des menschlichen Ohres ausreicht, und eine Auslösesteuerung für die Schallquelle. Die Auslösesteuerung steuert die Schallquelle im Rückhaltefall so an, daß diese das primäre Schallereignis zeitlich kurz vor dem Auftreffen eines sekundären Schallereignisses hervorruft, welches bei der Auslösung des Rückhaltesystems auftritt und einen gehörgefährdenden Schalldruckpegel aufweist. Der Zeitabstand zwischen den Schallereignissen einerseits und der Schallpegel des primären Schallereignisses andererseits sind so bemessen, daß einer Gehörschädigung als Folge des sekundären Schallereignisses vorgebeugt wird.The device according to the invention comprises a sound source for Cause a primary sound event that doesn't has hearing-damaging sound pressure level, but which is the trigger of the acoustic reflex of the human ear is sufficient, and one Trigger control for the sound source. The trigger control controls the sound source in the case of retention so that it is the primary Sound event shortly before the impact of a secondary one Causes sound event, which when the Restraint system occurs and a hearing pressure level that is harmful to hearing having. The time interval between the sound events on the one hand and the sound level of the primary sound event on the other hand dimensioned so that hearing loss as a result of secondary Sound event is prevented.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sieht vor, ein primäres Schallereignis hervorzurufen, das einen nicht gehörschädigenden Schalldruckpegel aufweist, der aber zur Auslösung des akustischen Reflexes des menschlichen Ohres ausreichend hoch ist. Das primäre Schallereignis wird ferner so kurz vor dem Auftreten des sekundären Schallereignisses hervorgerufen, welches bei der Auslösung des Rückhaltesystems auftritt und einen gehörgefährdenden Schalldruckpegel aufweist, daß der akustische Reflex ausgelöst wird und dadurch einer Gehörschädigung als Folge des sekundären Schallereignisses vorgebeugt wird.The method according to the invention provides a primary sound event cause a non-hearing impairing sound pressure level has, but which triggers the acoustic reflex of the human ear is sufficiently high. The primary sound event becomes so shortly before the occurrence of the secondary sound event caused which occurs when the restraint system is triggered and has a sound pressure level which is hazardous to hearing, that the acoustic Reflex is triggered and thereby hearing damage as a result of the secondary sound event is prevented.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren nützen den einen Schutzreflex bildenden akustischen Reflex des menschlichen Ohres aus, das bei Einwirkung von hohen Schalldrücken sofort seine Empfindlichkeit herabsetzt, so daß darauffolgende Schallereignisse mit gleichem oder höherem Schalldruck nur einen Bruchteil der negativen Auswirkungen des primären Schallereignisses auf das Innenohr haben. Das sekundäre Schallereignis hat dadurch eine geringere physiologische Auswirkung, so daß es zu keinen Schäden im Innenohr, wie zum Beispiel Knalltraumata, kommen kann. The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention use the acoustic reflex of the human ear from exposure to high sound pressures immediately reduces its sensitivity, so that subsequent sound events only a fraction with the same or higher sound pressure the negative effects of the primary sound event on the Have inner ear. As a result, the secondary sound event has a lower one physiological impact so that there is no damage to the inner ear, such as bang trauma.

Der akustische Reflex (Stapediusreflex) kommt durch Kontraktion eines Muskels im Innenohrbereich zustande. Dadurch wird die Gehörknöchelchenkette versteift und der Schalldruck um ca. 5 dB gesenkt. Der Stapediusreflex wird ab einem Schalldruckpegel von etwa 70 dB hervorgerufen, wobei die Reizschwelle zur Auslösung des Reflexes bei einem Dauerlärm höher liegt. Abgestimmt auf den in einem Fahrzeug üblicherweise herrschenden Lärmpegel kann die Schallquelle ein primäres Schallereignis mit einem Schalldruckpegel im Bereich von etwa 70 bis etwa 140 dB hervorrufen, um den akustischen Reflex auszulösen.The acoustic reflex (Stapedius reflex) comes through contraction of a muscle in the inner ear area. This will make the ossicular chain stiffened and the sound pressure reduced by approx. 5 dB. The Stapedius reflex is from a sound pressure level of about 70 dB caused, the stimulus threshold to trigger the reflex continuous noise is higher. Matched to that in a vehicle The sound source can usually be a prevailing noise level primary sound event with a sound pressure level in the range of approximately 70 to about 140 dB to trigger the acoustic reflex.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist es z.B. möglich, Gasgeneratoren näher am Kopf des Fahrzeuginsassen im Fahrzeug einzubauen.With the device according to the invention it is e.g. possible, Gas generators closer to the vehicle occupant's head in the vehicle to install.

Vorzugsweise sollte jedoch der Schalldruckpegel des primären Schallereignisses mindestens etwa 100 dB, vorzugsweise mehr als etwa 110 dB betragen. Da die sogenannte Latenzzeit des akustischen Reflexes, d.h. die Zeit zwischen dem den Reflex auslösenden Schallereignis bis zur Impedanzänderung aufgrund des Reflexes, mit einem primären Schallereignis von höherem Schalldruckpegel abnimmt, sind Schallereignisse relativ knapp unterhalb der Grenze zur Gehörschädigung am geeignetsten, innerhalb kürzester Zeit den akustischen Reflex auszulösen.However, the sound pressure level should preferably be the primary Sound event at least about 100 dB, preferably more than about 110 dB. Because the so-called latency of the acoustic Reflexes, i.e. the time between the reflex triggering Sound event up to the change in impedance due to the reflex, with a primary sound event decreases from a higher sound pressure level, are sound events relatively just below the limit of hearing loss most suitable, the acoustic within a very short time Trigger reflex.

Das den akustischen Reflex auslösende primäre Schallereignis beginnt etwa 0,5 bis etwa 30 ms vor dem sekundären Schallereignis. Der optimale Abstand zwischen dem Beginn des primären und dem Beginn des sekundären Schallereignisses hängt vom Schalldruckpegel des primären Schallereignisses aufgrund der oben beschriebenen Wechselwirkung zwischen der Höhe des Schalldruckpegels und der Latenzzeit des akustischen Reflexes ab. Die Latenzzeit des akustischen Reflexes reicht von etwa 0,5 bis über 150 ms, wobei aber, abhängig vom Fahrzeug, allenfalls etwa 30 ms Zeit vor dem Auslösen des Rückhaltesystems vorhanden ist, um das primäre Schallereignis hervorzurufen. Vorzugsweise beginnt das primäre Schallereignis deshalb etwa 5 bis etwa 15 ms vor dem sekundären Schallereignis. Sichergestellt sein muß stets, daß der Schalldruckpegel und der zeitliche Abstand des Beginns des primären Schallereignisses vom Beginn des sekundären Schallereignisses so aufeinander abgestimmt sind, daß die Latenzzeit eines Insassen mit normaler Gehörfunktion kürzer als der zeitliche Abstand zwischen dem Beginn der beiden Schallereignisse ist.The primary sound event that triggers the acoustic reflex begins about 0.5 to about 30 ms before the secondary sound event. The optimal distance between the beginning of the primary and the beginning of the secondary sound event depends on the sound pressure level of the primary Sound event due to the interaction described above between the level of the sound pressure level and the latency of the acoustic reflex. The latency of the acoustic reflex ranges from about 0.5 to over 150 ms, but depending on the vehicle, at most about 30 ms before the restraint system is triggered is present to cause the primary sound event. Preferably The primary sound event therefore begins about 5 to about 15 ms before the secondary sound event. It must always be ensured that the sound pressure level and the time interval between the start of the primary sound event from the start of the secondary sound event are coordinated so that the latency of an occupant with normal hearing function shorter than the time interval between the The beginning of the two sound events is.

Das primäre Schallereignis sollte ein Frequenzspektrum im Bereich von etwa 500 bis etwa 8000 Hz aufweisen, vorzugsweise im Bereich von etwa 2000 bis etwa 4000 Hz liegen. In letzterem Bereich ist das menschliche Ohr am empfindlichsten, d.h. eine Schallwelle mit einem relativ niedrigen Schalldruckpegel wird bereits wahrgenommen. Bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform ruft die Schallquelle ein Schallereignis mit einer Frequenz von etwa 3500 Hz hervor. Wenn das primäre Schallereignis durch die schlagartige Freisetzung der Energie eines Energiespeichers, z.B. eines pyrotechnischen Materials, hervorgerufen wird, werden Schallwellen eines gesamten Spektrums erzeugt, so daß der Frequenzbereich, in dem die erzeugten Schallwellen ausschließlich liegen sollen, nicht begrenzt werden kann. Bei der Erzeugung von Schallwellen durch einen Lautsprecher hingegen lassen sich Schallereignisse in engen Frequenzbereichen oder mit einer exakten Frequenz erzeugen.The primary sound event should be a frequency spectrum in the range from about 500 to about 8000 Hz, preferably in the range of about 2000 to about 4000 Hz. In the latter area it is human ear most sensitive, i.e. a sound wave with a relatively low sound pressure level is already perceived. In the preferred embodiment, the sound source calls a sound event with a frequency of about 3500 Hz. If the primary sound event through the sudden release of the energy of an energy store, e.g. of a pyrotechnic material, sound waves of an entire spectrum are generated, so that the Frequency range in which the sound waves generated exclusively should not be limited. When generating Sound waves through a loudspeaker, however, can be sound events in narrow frequency ranges or with an exact frequency produce.

Das primäre Schallereignis dauert vorzugsweise maximal etwa 2 ms. Da es einen Schalldruckpegel relativ knapp unterhalb der Grenze zur Gehörschädigung aufweist, müssen Verletzungen des Gehörs durch das primäre Schallereignis ausgeschlossen werden. Durch Vorsehen eines relativ kurzen primären Schallereignisses kann mit relativ hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit das Auftreten eines oben bereits beschriebenen Explosionstraumas ausgeschlossen werden, welches insbesondere bei Schallereignissen mit einer Dauer von mehr als 2 ms auftritt.The primary sound event preferably lasts a maximum of about 2 ms. Because there is a sound pressure level relatively just below the limit of Hearing damage, hearing damage must be caused by the primary sound event can be excluded. By providing one relatively short primary sound event can be relatively high Probability of occurrence of one already described above Explosion trauma can be excluded, which is particularly the case with Sound events with a duration of more than 2 ms occur.

Das primäre Schallereignis kann ein kurzes, einmaliges Ereignis in Form eines für das menschliche Ohr akustisch wahrnehmbaren Geräusches sein oder die Folge von mehreren, aufeinanderfolgenden Einzelgeräuschen, von denen das primäre Geräusch vor dem sekundären Schallereignis beginnt. The primary sound event can be a short, one-time event in Form of a sound audible to the human ear be or the result of several consecutive individual noises, of which the primary sound before the secondary Sound event begins.

Die Schallquelle umfaßt gemäß einer Ausführungsform einen Energiespeicher, der zum Beispiel ein Druckgasspeicher ist oder pyrotechnisches Material enthält. Die schlagartige Freisetzung der Energie sorgt für das primäre Schallereignis. Alternativ kann die Schallquelle auch einen Lautsprecher aufweisen, zum Beispiel einen piezoelektrischen Lautsprecher, mittels dem relativ länger andauernde Schallereignisse hervorgerufen werden können.According to one embodiment, the sound source comprises a Energy storage, which is, for example, a compressed gas storage or contains pyrotechnic material. The sudden release of the Energy provides the primary sound event. Alternatively, the Sound source also have a speaker, for example one piezoelectric speaker, by means of the relatively longer lasting Acoustic events can be caused.

Die Auslösesteuerung weist vorzugsweise einen Unfallsensor auf, auf dessen Signal hin im Rückhaltefall das primäre Schallereignis hervorgerufen wird, sowie bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform eine mit dem Unfallsensor verbundene Steuereinheit. Die Steuereinheit ist dabei so ausgebildet, daß sie in einem vorbestimmten zeitlichen Abstand nach Erhalt eines Signals vom Unfallsensor ein Signal zum Auslösen des primären Schallereignisses an die Schallquelle abgibt. Der Unfallsensor kann ein Verzögerungssensor zur Ermittlung der Fahrzeugverzögerung oder ein taktiler Sensor sein, wie er beispielsweise zur Auslösung von Seitengassäcken verwendet wird und der die Deformation am Fahrzeug bei einem Unfall erfaßt. Darüber hinaus können der Unfallsensor und die Steuereinheit so ausgebildet sein, daß sie einen nicht mehr vermeidbaren Unfall feststellen können, indem z.B. ein Abstandssensor vorgesehen ist, der den Abstand zu Objekten relativ zum Fahrzeug erfassen kann. Die Steuereinheit errechnet dann z.B. aufgrund der aktuellen Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit, ob dem sich relativ zum Fahrzeug nähernden Objekt noch ausgewichen werden kann. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, den Zeitpunkt des Auslösens des primären Schallereignisses sogar noch vor dem Beginn einer Kollision zu legen. Dies kann beispielsweise bei einem Kleinwagen notwendig sein, bei dem der zeitliche Abstand zwischen der ersten Deformation des Fahrzeugs und dem Auslösen des Rückhaltesystems sowie dem damit verbundenen Hervorrufen des sekundären Schallereignisses so klein ist, daß selbst bei sofortiger Auslösung des primären Schallereignisses zu Beginn einer Fahrzeugberührung im Falle eines Frontalaufpralls nicht genügend Zeit für das menschliche Ohr zur Verfügung stünde, um den akustischen Reflex vollständig auszulösen. The trigger control preferably has an accident sensor, on its signal, the primary sound event in the event of a restraint is caused, as well as in the preferred embodiment with control unit connected to the accident sensor. The control unit is there formed so that they after a predetermined time interval Receiving a signal from the accident sensor a signal to trigger the delivers the primary sound event to the sound source. The Accident sensor can be a deceleration sensor to determine the Vehicle deceleration or a tactile sensor like him is used for example to trigger side gas bags and which detects the deformation on the vehicle in an accident. About that In addition, the accident sensor and the control unit can be designed in this way be able to identify an accident that is no longer avoidable, e.g. a distance sensor is provided which measures the distance Can detect objects relative to the vehicle. The control unit then calculates e.g. based on the current vehicle speed, whether the object approaching relative to the vehicle can still be avoided can. In this way it is possible to determine when the triggering of the primary sound event even before the start of a collision to lay. This may be necessary for a small car, for example be the time interval between the first deformation of the vehicle and the triggering of the restraint system as well as that associated evoking the secondary sound event is so small that even with immediate triggering of the primary sound event Do not start touching the vehicle in the event of a frontal impact there would be enough time for the human ear to trigger acoustic reflex completely.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung kann als separate Baugruppe ausgebildet sein und gegebenenfalls in bestehende Fahrzeuge mit Rückhaltesystemen nachgerüstet werden. Die Vorrichtung weist eine vollständige, eigene Auslösesteuerung, einen gemeinsamen Verzögerungssensor oder sogar eine gemeinsame Steuereinheit mit dem Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystem auf. Mit einer gemeinsamen Steuereinheit läßt sich die zeitliche Aufeinanderfolge des primären und des sekundären Schallereignisses noch einfacher und genauer steuern.The device according to the invention can be used as a separate assembly be trained and possibly in existing vehicles Restraint systems can be retrofitted. The device has a complete, own trigger control, a common delay sensor or even a common control unit with the vehicle occupant restraint system on. With a common control unit the temporal succession of the primary and the secondary Control sound events even easier and more precisely.

Da der erforderliche Bauraum für die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung gering ist, ist es auch möglich, sie in ein Rückhaltesystem zu integrieren.Since the space required for the device according to the invention is low, it is also possible to put them in a restraint system integrate.

Die Erfindung schafft ferner ein Gassack-Rückhaltesystem für Fahrzeuginsassen, mit einem Gassack, einem Gasgenerator und einer Auslösesteuerung, die einen Verzögerungssensor und eine Steuereinheit umfaßt. Die zuvor beschriebene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Gehörschäden, die durch die Auslösung des Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystems entstehen können, ist dabei in das Gassack-Rückhaltesystem integriert.The invention also provides an airbag restraint system for Vehicle occupants, with an airbag, a gas generator and one Trigger control, which includes a delay sensor and a control unit includes. The inventive device for Avoid hearing damage caused by triggering the Vehicle occupant restraint system can arise in that Integrated gas bag restraint system.

Zudem ist vorzugsweise eine gemeinsame Auslösesteuerung zur Aktivierung des Gasgenerators und zur Auslösung des primären Schallereignisses vorgesehen.In addition, a common trigger control is preferred Activation of the gas generator and triggering the primary Sound event provided.

Das Gassack-Rückhaltesystem kann in Modulbauweise ausgeführt sein, wodurch das Gassack-Modul vormontiert in ein Fahrzeug eingebaut wird. Die Schallquelle der Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Gehörschäden umfaßt in diesem Fall einen Energiespeicher, dessen Energie schlagartig freigesetzt wird, um für das primäre Schallereignis zu sorgen. Wenigstens dieser Energiespeicher bildet zusammen mit dem Modul, in das er integriert ist, eine komplette, vormontierte Einheit.The gas bag restraint system can be modular, whereby the gas bag module is pre-assembled in a vehicle. The sound source of the device to avoid hearing damage in this case comprises an energy store, whose energy is suddenly released to the primary sound event to care. At least this energy storage forms together with the Module in which it is integrated, a complete, pre-assembled unit.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist wenigstens der Energiespeicher der Vorrichtung in den Gasgenerator des Gassack-Rückhaltesystems integriert. According to a further embodiment, at least the Energy storage of the device in the gas generator of the gas bag restraint system integrated.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung mehrerer bevorzugter Ausführungsformen und aus den nachfolgenden Zeichnungen, auf die Bezug genommen wird.Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of several preferred embodiments and from the following drawings, to which reference is made.

In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei der diese als vom Fahrzeuginassen-Rückhaltesystem getrennte Baugruppe ausgebildet ist und die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren arbeitet;
  • Figuren 2a bis 2d verschiedene Ausführungsformen der bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung vorgesehenen Schallquelle;
  • Figuren 3a bis 3c verschiedene Auführungsformen der bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung vorgesehenen Unfallsensoren;
  • Figur 4 eine zweite Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei der diese an ein Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystem in Form eines Gassack-Rückhaltesystems oder eines Gurtstraffersystems gekoppelt ist;
  • Figur 5 eine dritte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei der diese ebenfalls an ein erfindungsgemäßes Gassack-Rückhaltesystem gekoppelt ist;
  • Figur 6 eine vierte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei der diese in ein Gassack-Modul integriert ist;
  • Figur 7 das erfindungsgemäße Gassack-Rückhaltesystem, bei dem die Schallquelle der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in den Gasgenerator des Gassack-Rückhaltesystems integriert ist; und
  • Figur 8 eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Gassack-Rückhaltesystems.
The drawings show:
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified illustration of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which it is designed as an assembly separate from the vehicle occupant restraint system and which works according to the method according to the invention;
  • Figures 2a to 2d different embodiments of the sound source provided in the device according to the invention;
  • Figures 3a to 3c different embodiments of the accident sensors provided in the device according to the invention;
  • FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the device is coupled to a vehicle occupant restraint system in the form of an airbag restraint system or a belt tensioner system;
  • FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the device is also coupled to an airbag restraint system according to the invention;
  • FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which it is integrated in an airbag module;
  • FIG. 7 shows the gas bag restraint system according to the invention, in which the sound source of the device according to the invention is integrated into the gas generator of the gas bag restraint system; and
  • Figure 8 shows another embodiment of the airbag restraint system according to the invention.

In Figur 1 ist eine Vorrichtung 10 zur Vermeidung von Gehörschäden stark vereinfacht dargestellt, die durch die Auslösung eines nicht gezeigten Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystems, zum Beispiel eines Gassack-Rückhaltesystems oder eines Gurtstraffersystems, entstehen können. Die Vorrichtung 10 umfaßt eine Schallquelle 12 und eine Auslösesteuerung 14 für die Schallquelle 12. Die Auslösesteuerung 14 wiederum weist einen Unfallsensor 16 und eine damit verbundene Steuereinheit 18, an die die Schallquelle 12 angeschlossen ist, auf.In Figure 1 is a device 10 to avoid hearing damage represented in a highly simplified manner, which by triggering one is not shown vehicle occupant restraint system, for example one Airbag restraint system or a belt tensioner system can. The device 10 comprises a sound source 12 and one Trigger control 14 for the sound source 12. The trigger control 14 again has an accident sensor 16 and a control unit connected to it 18, to which the sound source 12 is connected.

Die Schallquelle 12 kann verschieden ausgeführt sein, wie anhand der Figuren 2a bis 2d dargestellt ist. Es ist möglich, die Schallquelle 12 als üblichen Lautsprecher 20 (vgl. Figur 2a) oder als piezoelektrischen Lautsprecher 22 (vgl. Figur 2b) auszuführen. Darüber hinaus kann ein von der Schallquelle hervorzurufendes Schallereignis auch durch Zünden von pyrotechnischem Material 24, das in einem Gehäuse 26 untergebracht ist (vgl. Figur 2c), hervorgerufen werden. In das Gehäuse 26 ragt dabei ein mit der Steuereinheit 18 verbundener Zünder 28. Die Schallquelle 12 ist bei der in Figur 2c gezeigten Ausführungsform wie ein leistungsschwacher Gasgenerator für Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesysteme aufgebaut. Gemäß Figur 2d ist die Schallquelle 12 als Druckgasquelle 30 mit einer mit Druckgas gefüllten Kammer 32 ausgeführt. Im Rückhaltefall wird eine Öffnung in einer Wandung 34 der Druckgasquelle freigelegt, durch die das Druckgas austritt und dabei ein Schallereignis hervorruft. Das Schallereignis kann auch dadurch ausgelöst werden, daß beispielsweise in der Kammer 32 befindliches Knallgas gezündet wird und aufgrund des hohen Kammerinnendrucks die Wandung 34 an vorbestimmten Stellen aufbricht und das Gas unter hohem Druck nach außen strömt und dabei ein Schallereignis hervorruft. Wie bei der in Figur 2c gezeigten Ausführungsform ist auch der Druckgasspeicher 30 gemäß Figur 2d wie ein bislang üblicher, bei Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystemen verwendeter Gasgenerator aufgebaut, der lediglich eine sehr geringe Leistung aufweist. Während die Schallquellen gemäß den Figuren 2a und 2b ein länger andauerndes Schallereignis oder mehrere, aufeinanderfolgende Schallereignisse hervorrufen können, sind die in Figur 2c und 2d dargestellten Schallquellen nur in der Lage, ein kurzes Schallereignis auszulösen, da sie aus einem Energiespeicher bestehen, dessen Energie schlagartig freigesetzt wird und dabei Schallwellen erzeugt. The sound source 12 can be designed differently, as shown in FIG 2a to 2d. It is possible that Sound source 12 as a conventional loudspeaker 20 (see FIG. 2a) or as to execute piezoelectric loudspeaker 22 (see FIG. 2b). About that In addition, a sound event caused by the sound source can also by igniting pyrotechnic material 24, which in one Housing 26 is housed (see FIG. 2c). In the housing 26 protrudes connected to the control unit 18 Igniter 28. The sound source 12 is the one shown in Figure 2c Embodiment as a low-performance gas generator for Vehicle occupant restraint systems built. According to Figure 2d Sound source 12 as a compressed gas source 30 with a filled with compressed gas Chamber 32 executed. In the case of retention, an opening in one Wall 34 of the pressurized gas source is exposed, through which the pressurized gas emerges and causes a sound event. The sound event can also be triggered, for example, in the chamber 32 detonating gas is ignited and due to the high Internal chamber pressure breaks the wall 34 at predetermined locations and the gas flows out under high pressure and thereby enters Causes sound event. As with the one shown in Figure 2c The embodiment of the compressed gas storage 30 according to FIG. 2d is also like a previously common one in vehicle occupant restraint systems used gas generator built, which is only a very low Performance. While the sound sources according to Figures 2a and 2b a longer lasting sound event or several successive ones Can cause sound events are those in Figure 2c and 2d shown sound sources only able to a short Trigger sound event, since they consist of an energy store, whose energy is suddenly released and sound waves generated.

In den Figuren 3a bis 3c sind verschiedene Ausführungsformen des bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung vorgesehenen Unfallsensors dargestellt. Der Sensor kann demnach ein Verzögerungssensor 16a (Figur 3a), ein taktiler Sensor 16b (Figur 3b) oder ein Abstandssensor 16c (Figur 3c) sein. Beim Verzögerungssensor 16a schließt beispielsweise ein drehbar gelagertes Teil, das in einem Rückhaltefall aus seiner Grundstellung schwenkt, einen Stromkreis. Beim taktilen Sensor 16b sind zwei geringfügig voneinander beabstandete Platten vorgesehen, die beispielsweise in der Lagerung der Stoßfänger vorgesehen sind und bei geringfügiger Deformation einander berühren, so daß ein Stromkreis geschlossen wird. Der Abstandssensor 16c gemäß Figur 3c sendet in regelmäßigen Abständen Impulse aus, die von einem Objekt, z.B. einem sich relativ zum Fahrzeug nähernden Gegenstand reflektiert und vom Sensor wieder erfaßt werden. Die entsprechenden Signale werden von der Steuereinheit 18 ausgewertet, um den Abstand und die Geschwindigkeit des sich relativ auf das Fahrzeug zubewegenden Objekts zu bestimmen und daraus Rückschlüsse zu ziehen, ob ein Unfall stattfinden wird. Der Abstandssensor 16c kommuniziert deshalb ständig mit der Steuereinheit 18.FIGS. 3a to 3c show different embodiments of the Accident sensor provided in the device according to the invention shown. Accordingly, the sensor can be a deceleration sensor 16a (FIG 3a), a tactile sensor 16b (FIG. 3b) or a distance sensor 16c (Figure 3c). For example, the delay sensor 16a closes a rotatably mounted part that in a restraint case from its Home position pivots a circuit. With the tactile sensor 16b two slightly spaced plates are provided which for example, are provided in the storage of the bumpers and at slight deformation touch each other so that a circuit is closed. The distance sensor 16c according to FIG. 3c sends in regular pulses from an object, e.g. one object reflected relative to the vehicle and reflected by the Sensor can be detected again. The corresponding signals are from the Control unit 18 evaluated the distance and speed of the object to be moved relative to the vehicle and draw conclusions about whether an accident will occur. The Distance sensor 16c therefore constantly communicates with the control unit 18th

Die in Figur 1 gezeigte Vorrichtung 10 ist in ein mit einem Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystem ausgestattetes Fahrzeug eingebaut. Unabhängig davon, ob das Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystem mit einem pyrotechnischen Gasgenerator, einem Hybridgasgenerator oder einem Druckgasspeicher arbeitet, entsteht beim Auslösen des Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystems ein lauter Knall, dessen Schalldruckpegel zu Gehörschäden bei den Fahrzeuginassen unter anderem im Innenohrbereich führen kann. Die in Figur 1 gezeigte Vorrichtung 10 vermeidet derartige Gehörschäden, indem sie den akustischen Reflex des Ohres ausnutzt. Dieses senkt nämlich nach Einwirkung eines Schallereignisses mit hohem Schalldruck seine Empfindlichkeit, so daß ein nachfolgendes Schallereignis geringere physiologische Auswirkungen auf das Ohr, vor allem das Innenohr, hat, selbst wenn das sekundäre Schallereignis einen höheren Schalldruckpegel als das primäre Schallereignis aufweisen sollte. The device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is in a with a vehicle occupant restraint system equipped vehicle installed. Independently whether the vehicle occupant restraint system with a pyrotechnic gas generator, a hybrid gas generator or one Compressed gas storage works, arises when the vehicle occupant restraint system is triggered a loud bang, its sound pressure level too Hearing damage to vehicle occupants, including in the inner ear area can lead. The device 10 shown in FIG. 1 avoids such Damage to hearing by using the acoustic reflex of the ear. This lowers after the impact of a sound event its sensitivity with high sound pressure, so that a subsequent Sound event less physiological effects on the ear everything in the inner ear, even if the secondary sound event a higher sound pressure level than the primary sound event should have.

Im Rückhaltefall, ab Erreichen eines vorbestimmten Fahrzeugverzögerungswertes, erzeugt bei Einsatz des Verzögerungssensors 16a gemäß Figur 3a, der als mechanischer, elektromechanischer oder elektrischer Verzögerungssensor ausgebildet sein kann, dieser ein Signal, das an die Steuereinheit 18 weitergegeben wird. Diese verarbeitet das Signal und betätigt mit einer vorbestimmten Zeitverzögerung die Schallquelle 12. Je nachdem, wie die Schallquelle 12 ausgeführt ist, wird ein mehr oder weniger langes, primäres Schallereignis hervorgerufen, dessen Schalldruckpegel ausreichend hoch ist, um den akustischen Reflex auszulösen, aber nicht so hoch ist, daß es zu Gehörschäden führen kann. Dis primäre Schallereignis dauert weniger als 2 ms, erreicht einen Schalldruckpegel von mindestens etwa 100 dB und liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 110 bis 140 dB. Bei Verwendung eines Lautsprechers 20, 22 als Schallquelle 12 kann die Frequenz des primären Schallereignisses in engen Grenzen vorbestimmt werden. Dabei liegt das Frequenzspektrum des primären Schallereignisses vorzugsweise im Bereich von etwa 2000 bis etwa 4000 Hz, wobei eine besonders große Empfindlichkeit des Ohres zur Auslösung des akustischen Reflexes bei Schallereignissen bei etwa 3500 Hz liegt. Bei Verwendung eines Energiespeichers, wie er in den Figuren 2c und 2d dargestellt ist, wird ein Schallereignis, das ein gesamten Schallspektrum abdeckt, hervorgerufen. Die Steuereinheit 18 steuert die Schallquelle 12 so rechtzeitig an, daß das primäre Schallereignis kurz vor dem sekundären Schallereignis, welches bei der Zündung des vorgesehenen Gasgenerators ausgelöst wird, auftritt. Der minimale zeitliche Versatz zwischen dem Beginn des primären und dem des sekundären Schallereignisses sollte im Bereich von etwa 5 bis 15 ms liegen, also groß genug sein, um die Schutzwirkung durch den akustischen Reflex im menschlichen Ohr auszulösen.In the event of a restraint, once a predetermined vehicle deceleration value has been reached, generated when using the deceleration sensor 16a according to Figure 3a, the mechanical, electromechanical or electrical delay sensor can be formed, this one Signal that is passed on to the control unit 18. This processed the signal and operated with a predetermined time delay the sound source 12. Depending on how the sound source 12 is executed is a more or less long, primary sound event caused, the sound pressure level is sufficiently high to the trigger acoustic reflex, but is not so high that it is too Hearing damage. The primary sound event lasts less than 2 ms, reaches a sound pressure level of at least about 100 dB and is preferably in the range of 110 to 140 dB. Using a speaker 20, 22 as the sound source 12, the frequency of primary sound event can be predetermined within narrow limits. there the frequency spectrum of the primary sound event is preferably in the range from about 2000 to about 4000 Hz, with a particularly large one Sensitivity of the ear to trigger the acoustic reflex Sound events is around 3500 Hz. When using an energy store, as shown in Figures 2c and 2d a sound event that covers an entire sound spectrum. The control unit 18 controls the sound source 12 in good time indicates that the primary sound event is just before the secondary Sound event that occurs when the intended gas generator is ignited is triggered occurs. The minimum time offset between the The start of the primary and secondary sound event should start in Range from about 5 to 15 ms, so be large enough to accommodate the Protective effect through the acoustic reflex in the human ear trigger.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Vorrichtung 10 ist als separate Baugruppe ausgeführt, die auch in ein mit einem Rückhaltesystem ausgestattetes Fahrzeug nachträglich eingebaut werden kann. Die zeitliche Aufeinanderfolge des primären und sekundären Schallereignisses kann jedoch dann besser gesteuert werden, wenn die Vorrichtung in ein Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesystem integriert ist oder einen Teil desselben bildet, wie es in den Figuren 4 bis 8 dargestellt ist. The device 10 shown in Figure 1 is separate Assembly performed in a one with a restraint system equipped vehicle can be retrofitted. The temporal succession of the primary and secondary sound event can be better controlled if the Device is integrated into a vehicle occupant restraint system or forms part of the same, as is shown in FIGS. 4 to 8 is shown.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur 4 ist die Vorrichtung 10 mit einem Gassack-Rückhaltesystem 36 gekoppelt, welches einen gefalteten Gassack 38 und einen in dessen Innerem angeordneten Gasgenerator 40 umfaßt. Die Auslösung des Gasgenerators 40 erfolgt über eine Auslösesteuerung 42, die durch eine Steuereinheit 44 und einen Verzögerungssensor 46 gebildet ist. Die Auslösesteuerung 42 stellt eine gemeinsame Steuerung für die Vorrichtung 10 und das Gassack-Rückhaltesystem 36 dar. Im Kollisionsfall gibt die Steuereinheit 44 nach Eingang eines entsprechenden Signals vom Verzögerungssensor 46 zuerst ein Signal an die Schallquelle 12 und, zeitlich kurz verzögert hierzu, ein sekundäres Signal an den Gasgenerator 40 ab, so daß die Schallquelle 12 kurz vor dem Zünden des Gasgenerators 40 und dem damit einhergehenden sekundären Schallereignis für ein primäres Schallereignis sorgt.In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the device 10 is included coupled to an airbag restraint system 36 which has a folded Airbag 38 and a gas generator 40 arranged inside it includes. The gas generator 40 is triggered via a Trigger control 42 by a control unit 44 and a Delay sensor 46 is formed. The trigger control 42 provides a common control for the device 10 and the gas bag restraint system 36 represents. In the event of a collision, the control unit 44 upon receipt of a corresponding signal from the delay sensor 46 first a signal to the sound source 12 and a short time delay to do this, a secondary signal to the gas generator 40, so that the Sound source 12 shortly before the gas generator 40 is ignited and thus accompanying secondary sound event for a primary Sound event provides.

Anstatt mit der Auslösesteuerung 42 eines Gassack-Rückhaltesystems 36 gekoppelt zu sein, kann die Vorrichtung 10 auch zum Vermeiden eines Gehörschadens, der beim Auslösen eines Gurtstraffersystems 48 möglicherweise auftritt, eingesetzt werden, wie es in Figur 4 ebenfalls dargestellt ist. Beim Auslösen eines Gurtstraffersystems sind Gehörschäden zwar bislang nicht bekannt geworden, jedoch kann das daran liegen, daß bislang Gasgeneratoren nicht in der Nähe des Kopfes des Insassen angeordnet ist. Es sind aber Gurtstraffersysteme denkbar, bei denen es vorteilhaft wäre, den Gasgenerator in Kopfnähe anzuordnen. Für diesen Fall könnten die Schalldruckpegel hoch genug sein, um zu Gehörschäden, auch im Innenohrbereich, zu führen, so daß es vorteilhaft ist, die Vorrichtung 10 vorzusehen. Das Gurtstraffersystem 48 besteht unter anderem aus einer Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 50, wobei der Kolben mit einem Gurtschloß 52 verbunden ist. Pyrotechnisches Treibmaterial 54 wird durch die Auslösesteuerung 42 zeitlich geringfügig nach dem primären Schallereignis gezündet, so daß auch der hohe Schalldruckpegel beim Auslösen des Gurtstraffersystems 48 nicht zu Gehörschäden führen kann.Instead of using the trigger control 42 of an airbag restraint system 36, the device 10 can also be used to avoid a Hearing damage that occurs when a belt tensioner system 48 is triggered possibly occurs, can be used, as shown in Figure 4 is also shown. When triggering a belt tensioner system Hearing damage has so far not become known, but it can because gas generators are not near the head the occupant is arranged. However, belt tensioner systems are conceivable where it would be beneficial to have the gas generator close to your head to arrange. In this case the sound pressure levels could be high enough to lead to hearing damage, also in the inner ear area, so that it is advantageous to provide the device 10. The Belt tensioner system 48 consists, among other things, of a piston-cylinder unit 50, the piston being connected to a belt buckle 52. Pyrotechnic propellant 54 is activated by trigger control 42 ignited slightly after the primary sound event, so that also the high sound pressure level when the belt tensioner system is triggered 48 cannot damage your hearing.

Die in Figur 4 gezeigte Anordnung kann jedoch auch so modifiziert werden, daß die Auslösesteuerung 42 sowohl mit dem Gurtstraffersystem 48 als auch mit dem Gassack-Rückhaltesystem 36 gekoppelt ist. Da das Gurtstraffersystem 48 üblicherweise zeitlich vor dem Gassack-Rückhaltesystem 36 aktiviert wird, kann der Gasgenerator des Gurtstraffersystems 48 als Schallquelle verwendet werden, indem das pyrotechnische Treibmaterial 54 zeitlich ausreichend vor dem Aktivieren des Gasgenerators 40 des Gassack-Rückhaltesystems 36 gezündet wird. In diesem Fall kann die separate Schallquelle 12 entfallen.However, the arrangement shown in FIG. 4 can also be modified in this way that the trigger control 42 with both the belt tensioner system 48 and is coupled to the gas bag restraint system 36. Since that Belt tensioner system 48 usually precedes the gas bag restraint system 36 is activated, the gas generator of the belt tensioner system 48 can be used as a sound source by the pyrotechnic Propellant 54 has sufficient time before the gas generator is activated 40 of the gas bag restraint system 36 is ignited. In this In this case, the separate sound source 12 can be omitted.

Die in Figur 5 dargestellte Ausführungsform unterscheidet sich von der in Figur 4 dargestellten lediglich dadurch, daß die Vorrichtung 10 und das Gassack-Rückhaltesystem 36 durch einen gemeinsamen Verzögerungssensor 56 miteinander gekoppelt sind. Anstatt einer gemeinsamen Steuereinheit 44 sind jedoch zwei getrennte Steuereinheiten 58 und 60 für die Vorrichtung 10 bzw. das Gassack-Rückhaltesystem 36 vorgesehen.The embodiment shown in Figure 5 differs from that shown in Figure 4 only in that the device 10th and the gas bag restraint system 36 by a common one Delay sensor 56 are coupled together. Instead of one common control unit 44, however, are two separate ones Control units 58 and 60 for the device 10 and the gas bag restraint system 36 provided.

Da die Vorrichtung 10 sehr klein baut, kann sie in ein Gassack-Modul integriert sein, wie es in Figur 6 dargestellt ist. Ein Gassack-Modul weist beispielsweise eine vormontierte Einheit aus Gasgenerator 61 und Gassack 38 auf, wie sie in Figur 6 dargestellt ist. Die Schallquelle 12 ist hierzu an einer Grundplatte 62 als Teil des Moduls befestigt, an der auch der Gasgenerator 40 und der Gassack 38 fixiert sind und die zur Befestigung des Gassack-Moduls mit der Schallquelle 12 an einer Lenkradnabe (nicht gezeigt) dient. Zwischen der Schallquelle 12 und einem in das Innere des Gasgenerator 40 ragenden Zünder 72 ist ein Zündverzögerungselement 63 angeordnet. Das Signal zur Erzeugung des primären Schallereignisses, das zur Schallquelle 12 geleitet wird, gelangt von dieser zum Zündverzögerungselement 63 und von dort zum Zünder 72, so daß der Beginn des primären Schallereignisses einen vorbestimmten zeitlichen Abstand zum Beginn des sekundären Schallereignisses aufweist. Das Zündverzögerungselement 63 kann beispielsweise als Kondensator ausgeführt sein. Die in Figur 6 gezeigte Anordnung ist insbesondere schaltungstechnisch sehr einfach aufgebaut.Since the device 10 is very small, it can be placed in an airbag module be integrated, as shown in Figure 6. An airbag module has, for example, a pre-assembled gas generator unit 61 and airbag 38 as shown in FIG. 6. The Sound source 12 is for this purpose on a base plate 62 as part of the module attached to which also the gas generator 40 and the gas bag 38 fixed and are used to attach the gas bag module to the sound source 12 on a steering wheel hub (not shown). Between the sound source 12 and an igniter protruding into the interior of the gas generator 40 72, an ignition delay element 63 is arranged. The signal for Generation of the primary sound event that leads to the sound source 12 is passed from this to the ignition delay element 63 and thence to igniter 72 so that the start of the primary sound event a predetermined time interval from the start of the secondary sound event. The ignition delay element 63 can be designed as a capacitor, for example. The in Figure 6 The arrangement shown is particularly simple in terms of circuitry built up.

Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform wird das primäre Schallereignis durch Zünden eines pyrotechnischen Materials hervorgerufen, so daß die Schallquelle 12 als Gasgenerator ausgebildet ist. Das beim Zünden des in der Schallquelle 12 befindlichen Materials erzeugte Gas kann dazu verwendet werden, das Aktivieren des Gassack-Rückhaltesystems vorzubereiten. Hierzu wird das erzeugte Gas in eine Positioniereinrichtung 82, z.B. in Form eines zusammengefalteten Schlauches, geleitet. Der Schlauch ist so im Fahrzeug angeordnet, daß er in aufgeblasenem Zustand eine Gassackabdeckung öffnet, wodurch die Entfaltung des Gassacks 38 schneller erfolgen kann. Ferner kann der Schlauch 82 als Spannband ausgestaltet sein, welches den gefalteten Gassack 38 positioniert und dadurch ebenfalls ein schnelleres Entfalten des Gassacks 38 ermöglicht. Das Positionieren des Gassacks 38 ist insbesondere bei seiner Ausbildung als Seitengassack, der extrem schnell entfaltet werden muß, vorteilhaft, z.B. bei einem Kopf-Seitengassack, der sich von den A-Säule bis zur C-Säule erstreckt. Ist ein zentrales Gasversorgungssystem (nicht gezeigt) im Fahrzeug vorgesehen, kann die Positioniereinrichtung 82 auch die Zufuhr des Gases zum Gassack 38 vorbereiten oder eine entsprechende Schaltvorrichtung zur Freigabe des Gases betätigen. In diesem Fall würde der Zünder 72 sowie das Zündverzögerungselement 63 entfallen. Anstatt dessen würde eine Gasleitung direkt in das Innere des Gassacks 38 führen.In this embodiment, too, the primary sound event caused by igniting a pyrotechnic material so that the Sound source 12 is designed as a gas generator. That when igniting the generated material located in the sound source 12 Gas can be used to activate the gas bag restraint system prepare. For this purpose, the gas generated is in a Positioning device 82, e.g. in the form of a folded Hose, directed. The hose is arranged in the vehicle so that it opens an airbag cover when inflated, causing the Unfolding the gas bag 38 can be done faster. Furthermore, the Hose 82 can be designed as a tensioning band, which the folded Airbag 38 positioned and thus also a faster deployment of the gas bag 38 allows. The positioning of the gas bag 38 is especially in his training as a side airbag, the extreme must be deployed quickly, advantageous, e.g. with a head-side gas bag, which extends from the A pillar to the C pillar. Is a central gas supply system (not shown) is provided in the vehicle, the positioning device 82 can also supply the gas Prepare for gas bag 38 or an appropriate switching device Press to release the gas. In this case, the igniter 72 would and the ignition delay element 63 are omitted. Instead, it would lead a gas line directly into the interior of the gas bag 38.

Bei der in Figur 7 dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Schallquelle 12 sogar in den Gasgenerator 61 eines Gassack-Rückhaltesystems 36 integriert. Das Innere eines Gehäuses 64 umfaßt zwei Kammern, wobei die erste Kammer 66 mit pyrotechnischem Material gefüllt ist, das auf seine Zündung hin Gas zum Entfalten eines Gassacks 38 erzeugt. Die zweite, wesentlich kleinere und ebenfalls mit pyrotechnischem Material gefüllte Kammer 68 dient als Schallquelle 12. Zwei getrennte Zünder 70, 72 für die Kammern 66, 68 werden von der Steuereinheit 44 zeitlich nacheinander aktiviert, so daß zuerst das pyrotechnische Material in der Kammer 68 gezündet wird, aus der Kammer austritt und für das primäre Schallereignis sorgt. Anschließend wird das pyrotechnische Material der ersten Kammer 66 gezündet, um durch das so erzeugte Gas den Gassack 38 zu entfalten.In the embodiment shown in FIG Sound source 12 even in the gas generator 61 of an airbag restraint system 36 integrated. The interior of a housing 64 includes two chambers, the first chamber 66 with pyrotechnic material is filled, which upon ignition ignites gas to develop a Gas bags 38 generated. The second, much smaller and also with Chamber 68 filled with pyrotechnic material serves as sound source 12. Two separate igniters 70, 72 for the chambers 66, 68 are from the Control unit 44 activated sequentially, so that first pyrotechnic material is ignited in chamber 68 from the chamber exits and takes care of the primary sound event. Then will the pyrotechnic material of the first chamber 66 ignited to pass through the gas thus generated to deploy the gas bag 38.

Die in Figur 8 dargestellte Ausführungsform eines Gassack-Rückhaltesystems 36 entspricht im wesentlichen dem in Figur 7 gezeigten, wobei aber der Gasgenerator 40 als Druckgasspeicher oder Hybridspeicher ausgeführt ist. Das den Zünder 72 umgebende pyrotechnische Material dient deshalb zum Öffnen des Gasgeneratorgehäuses. Jedoch sind die Zünder 70, 72 über ein im Inneren des Gasgenerators angeordnetes Zündverzögerungselement 63 miteinander verbunden, so daß die Steuereinheit 44 nicht die beiden Zünder 70, 72 getrennt voneinander ansteuern muß. Da die Kammer 68 in das Innere des Gasgeneratorgehäuses, in dem unter Druck stehendes Gas gespeichert ist, ragt, wird die beim Zünden des in der Kammer 68 befindlichen pyrotechnischen Materials hervorgerufene Wärme über eine die Kammer 68 begrenzende Wandung dem Gas zugeführt. Dies hat den Hintergrund, daß die Leistungsentfaltung eines Druckgasspeichers oder Hybridspeichers über den Temperaturbereich von -35°C bis etwa 85°C konstant sein sollte. Da bei extrem tiefen Temperaturen, insbesondere bei Temperaturen unter dem Gefrierpunkt, die Leistung des Gasgenerators abfällt, kann durch das Zünden des in der Kammer 68 befindlichen pyrotechnischen Materials das Gas angewärmt werden. Um jedoch zu vermeiden, daß bereits heißes Gas noch zusätzlich erwärmt wird, kann die Steuereinheit 44 mit einem Temperatursensor verbunden sein, der die Temperatur des Gases im Inneren des Gasgenerators 61 erfaßt. Unterschreitet die Temperatur des Gases eine vorbestimmte Grenztemperatur, z.B. 0°C, wird im Rückhaltefall der Zünder 70 aktiviert. Ist das Vorwärmen des Gases jedoch nicht mehr nötig, da die Temperatur des Gases die Grenztemperatur überschreitet, wird eine zweite, außerhalb des Gasgenerators 61 gelegene Schallquelle 84 aktiviert.The embodiment of an airbag restraint system shown in FIG. 8 36 essentially corresponds to that shown in FIG. but with the gas generator 40 as a compressed gas storage or hybrid storage is executed. The pyrotechnic material surrounding the igniter 72 therefore serves to open the gas generator housing. However are the igniters 70, 72 via one arranged inside the gas generator Ignition delay element 63 interconnected so that the control unit 44 do not control the two igniters 70, 72 separately from one another got to. Since chamber 68 is located inside the gas generator housing, in the gas under pressure is stored, the gas will Ignition of the pyrotechnic material in chamber 68 caused heat via a wall delimiting the chamber 68 Gas supplied. This is because the power delivery a compressed gas storage or hybrid storage over the temperature range should be constant from -35 ° C to about 85 ° C. Because at extreme low temperatures, especially at temperatures below freezing, the performance of the gas generator may drop due to ignition of the pyrotechnic material in chamber 68 is the gas be warmed up. However, to avoid that hot gas is still there is additionally heated, the control unit 44 with a Temperature sensor connected to the temperature of the gas inside of the gas generator 61 is detected. Falls below the temperature of the Gas a predetermined limit temperature, e.g. 0 ° C, in case of retention the igniter 70 is activated. However, preheating the gas is not more necessary because the temperature of the gas exceeds the limit temperature, becomes a second one, located outside the gas generator 61 Sound source 84 activated.

Die Vorrichtung 10 und die in den verschiedenen Figuren gezeigten Gassack-Rückhaltesysteme eignen sich nicht nur zum Einbau in ein Lenkrad oder in das Armaturenbrett. Da gerade bei Kopf-Gassack-Rückhaltesystemen und bei Seiten-Gassack-Rückhaltesystemen die Gasgeneratoren die Gassäcke extrem schnell entfalten müssen, werden beim Ausströmen des Gases aus dem Gasgenerator Schallereignisse von hoher Frequenz und mit höheren Schalldruckpegeln hervorgerufen, als dies bei einem im Lenkrad oder im Armaturenbrett untergebrachten Gasgenerator der Fall ist.The device 10 and those shown in the various figures Airbag restraint systems are not only suitable for installation in a Steering wheel or in the dashboard. Especially with head gas bag restraint systems and for side airbag restraint systems Gas generators that have to deploy gas bags extremely quickly when the gas flows out of the gas generator sound events of high frequency and with higher sound pressure levels than this is housed in a steering wheel or dashboard Gas generator is the case.

Claims (40)

  1. A device for preventing damage to hearing which may result from activation of vehicle occupant restraint systems, including
    a source of sound (12) for producing a primary sound event having a sound pressure level non-injurious to hearing, which, however, is sufficient to trigger an acoustic reflex of the human ear, and
    an activation control (14; 42) for the source of sound (12),
    the activation control (14; 42) triggering the source of sound (12) in restraint action such that it produces the primary sound event in time shortly before the occurrence of a secondary sound event which occurs on activation of the restraint system and features a sound pressure level injurious to hearing, the time interval between the sound events, on the one hand, and the sound pressure level of the primary sound event, on the other, being dimensioned such that damage to hearing as a result of the secondary sound event is prevented by the acoustic reflex.
  2. The device as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the source of sound (12) produces a primary sound event with a sound pressure level in the range of approximately 70 to approximately 140 dB.
  3. The device as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the source of sound (12) produces a primary sound event with a sound pressure level of at least approximately 100 dB.
  4. The device as set forth in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary sound event commences roughly 0.5 to roughly 30 ms prior to the secondary sound event.
  5. The device as set forth in any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the primary sound event commences roughly 5 to roughly 15 ms prior to the secondary sound event.
  6. The device as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the source of sound (12) produces a sound event with a frequency spectrum in the range of approximately 500 to approximately 8000 Hz.
  7. The device as set forth in any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the source of sound (12) produces a sound event with a frequency spectrum in the range of approximately 2000 to approximately 4000 Hz.
  8. The device as set forth in any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the source of sound (12) produces a sound event with a frequency of approximately 3500 Hz.
  9. The device as set forth in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary sound event lasts approximately 2 ms at the most.
  10. The device as set forth in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the source of sound (12) comprises an energy storage, the energy of which can be abruptly released, as a result of the release the primary sound event being produced.
  11. The device as set forth in claim 10, characterized in that the energy storage contains pyrotechnic material (24), the ignition of which produces the primary sound event.
  12. The device as set forth in claim 10, characterized in that the energy storage is configured as a compressed gas storage.
  13. The device as set forth in any of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the source of sound (12) comprises a loudspeaker (20; 22).
  14. The device as set forth in claim 13, characterized in that the loudspeaker is a piezoelectric loudspeaker (22).
  15. The device as set forth in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the activation control (14; 42) comprises a crash sensor (16, 16a, 16b, 16c; 46; 56), in response to the signal of which the primary sound event is produced in the case of restraint.
  16. The device as set forth in claim 15, characterized in that the activation control (14; 42) together with its crash sensor (16c) is able to determine a collision which is no longer avoidable.
  17. The device as set forth in claim 16, characterized in that the crash sensor is a distance sensor (16c) and that the distance of an object to the vehicle can be sensed.
  18. The device as set forth in claim 15, characterized in that the crash sensor is a tactile sensor (16b) which generates a signal in response to a deformation of the vehicle.
  19. The device as set forth in claim 15, characterized in that the crash sensor is a delay sensor (16a; 46; 56) for sensing the vehicle deceleration.
  20. The device as set forth in any of the claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the activation control (14; 42) comprises a control unit (18; 44; 58) which is connected to the crash sensor (16; 46; 56) and outputs a signal for triggering the primary sound event to the source of sound (12) on receiving a signal from the crash sensor (16; 46; 56).
  21. The device as set forth in any of the claims 15 to 20, characterized in that it is coupled to the vehicle occupant restraint system and that a crash sensor (46; 56) is provided in common for the device (10) and the vehicle occupant restraint system.
  22. The device as set forth in any of the claims 20 to 21, characterized in that a control unit (44) connected to the crash sensor (46) is provided in common for the device (10) and the vehicle occupant restraint system which controls the sequence in time of the primary sound event and the secondary sound event.
  23. A gas bag restraint system for vehicle occupants, comprising a gas bag (38), a gas generator (40; 61) and an activation control (42) comprising a crash sensor (46) and a control unit (44), characterized by a device (10) as set forth in any of the preceding claims and integrated in the gas bag restraint system (36).
  24. The gas bag restraint system as set forth in claim 23, characterized in that a common activation control (42) for activating the gas generator (40; 61) and for triggering the primary sound event is provided.
  25. The gas bag restraint system as set forth in claim 24, characterized in that the gas generator (40; 61) comprises an igniter (72) and that an ignition delay element (63) is provided between the igniter (72) and the source of sound (12) for passing on the signal, arriving at the source of sound (12) for triggering the primary sound event, to the igniter (72) with a predetermined delay.
  26. The gas bag restraint system as set forth in any of the claims 23 to 25, characterized by it being configured as a modular system and in that the source of sound (12) comprises an energy storage (68), the energy of which can be abruptly released to provide for the primary sound event and in that at least the energy storage (68) is integrated in the gas bag module.
  27. The gas bag restraint system as set forth in any of the claims 23 to 26, characterized in that at least the energy storage (68) is integrated in the gas generator (61) of the gas bag restraint system (36).
  28. The gas bag restraint system as set forth in any of the claims 23 to 27, characterized in that the primary sound event is produced by ignition of a first source of sound (68) containing pyrotechnic material and in that the heat energy liberated on ignition of the pyrotechnic material is directed into the gas generator (61) to heat it up.
  29. The gas bag restraint system as set forth in claim 28, characterized in that the first source of sound (68) is only activated when the temperature of the gas generator (61) is below a predetermined critical temperature and in that a second source of sound (84) is provided which is only activated to produce the primary sound event when the critical temperature is exceeded.
  30. The gas bag restraint system as set forth in any of the claims 23 to 29, characterized in that the primary sound event is produced by ignition of a pyrotechnic material and in that the gas generated thereby is introduced into a positioning means (82) which prepares a more speedy deployment of the gas bag (38).
  31. The gas bag restraint system as set forth in any of the claims 23 to 27, characterized in that the primary sound event is produced by ignition of a gas generator assigned to a belt tensioning system (48).
  32. A method for preventing damage to hearing which may result from activation of vehicle occupant restraint systems, characterized in that prior to activation of the vehicle occupant restraint system a primary sound event is produced having a sound pressure level non-injurious to hearing and sufficient to trigger an acoustic reflex of the human ear, the time interval between the primary sound event and a secondary sound event which occurs on activation of the restraint system and features a sound pressure level injurious to hearing being so short that damage to hearing as a result of the secondary sound event is prevented by the acoustic reflex.
  33. The method as set forth in claim 32, characterized in that the primary sound event has a sound pressure level in the range of approximately 70 to approximately 140 dB.
  34. The method as set forth in claim 32, characterized in that the primary sound event has a sound pressure level of at least approximately 100 dB.
  35. The method as set forth in any of the claims 32 to 34, characterized in that the primary sound event commences roughly 0.5 to roughly 30 ms prior to the secondary sound event.
  36. The method as set forth in any of the claims 32 to 34, characterized in that the primary sound event commences roughly 5 to roughly 15 ms prior to the secondary sound event.
  37. The method as set forth in claim 32, characterized in that the primary sound event is in a frequency spectrum in the range of approximately 500 to approximately 8000 Hz.
  38. The method as set forth in any of the claims 32 to 36, characterized in that the primary sound event is in a frequency spectrum in the range of approximately 2000 to approximately 4000 Hz.
  39. The method as set forth in any of the claims 32 to 36, characterized in that the primary sound event has a frequency of approximately 3500 Hz.
  40. The method as set forth in any of the claims 32 to 39, characterized in that the primary sound event lasts approximately 2 ms at the most.
EP97951884A 1996-11-11 1997-11-11 Device and method for avoiding hearing damage during activation of vehicle occupant restraint systems Expired - Lifetime EP0935542B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29619556U 1996-11-11
DE29619556U DE29619556U1 (en) 1996-11-11 1996-11-11 Device for avoiding hearing damage when triggering vehicle occupant restraint systems
PCT/EP1997/006281 WO1998021072A1 (en) 1996-11-11 1997-11-11 Device and method for avoiding hearing damage during activation of vehicle occupant restraint systems

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0935542A1 EP0935542A1 (en) 1999-08-18
EP0935542B1 true EP0935542B1 (en) 2001-10-10

Family

ID=8031754

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97951884A Expired - Lifetime EP0935542B1 (en) 1996-11-11 1997-11-11 Device and method for avoiding hearing damage during activation of vehicle occupant restraint systems

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6237947B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0935542B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE206675T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5551798A (en)
DE (2) DE29619556U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2167806T3 (en)

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DE19844427A1 (en) * 1998-09-28 2000-04-06 Oskar Bschorr Reduction of airbag explosive sound when triggered carried out according anti-noise technology regulations to prevent damage to hearing sucks air from vehicle interior synchronously
KR100383961B1 (en) * 2000-12-14 2003-05-14 현대자동차주식회사 An device of reducing air-bag explosion sound
DE102008024935A1 (en) 2008-05-23 2010-05-12 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Airbag system for use in motor vehicle to protect human body during collision of vehicle, has chambers arranged relative to each other and relative to gas generator such that sound waves passes through chambers
DE102008024937A1 (en) * 2008-05-23 2009-12-03 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Exhaust silencer for airbag-system in motor vehicle, has recesses provided in wall and with limitation surface, where area of limitation surface is spaced at distance from outer side and/or inner side of wall
DE102008058995B4 (en) * 2008-11-25 2010-08-26 Messer Group Gmbh Autonomous energy supply system for gas containers
DE102012011078A1 (en) 2012-06-02 2013-12-05 Daimler Ag Method for protecting occupant during collision of vehicle with obstacle, involves outputting acoustic event upon activation of vehicle occupant protection device
DE102012011077A1 (en) 2012-06-02 2013-12-05 Daimler Ag Method for protecting occupant during collision of vehicle, involves providing first sound event to predetermined sound pressure level by sound source for triggering stapedius reflex, where sound event is output for predetermined time
DE102012014050B4 (en) 2012-07-14 2021-07-15 Daimler Ag Method and device for protecting vehicle occupants in the event of a vehicle colliding with an obstacle
DE102012014025B4 (en) 2012-07-14 2021-07-15 Daimler Ag Method and device for protecting vehicle occupants in the event of a vehicle colliding with an obstacle
US8737645B2 (en) * 2012-10-10 2014-05-27 Archibald Doty Increasing perceived signal strength using persistence of hearing characteristics
WO2014158191A1 (en) 2013-03-29 2014-10-02 Advanced Bionics Ag Systems and methods for eliciting a stapedial reflex to protect hearing
WO2018132420A1 (en) 2017-01-11 2018-07-19 Automotive Technologies International, Inc. Airbag inflators including aspirators
US11673528B2 (en) 2017-01-11 2023-06-13 Automotive Technologies International, Inc. Airbag inflators including aspirators

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RU2024250C1 (en) 1992-05-26 1994-12-15 Конструкторское бюро приборостроения Device for attenuating sonic effect of shooting onto shooter's ears

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59704891D1 (en) 2001-11-15
DE29619556U1 (en) 1998-03-12
ATE206675T1 (en) 2001-10-15
AU5551798A (en) 1998-06-03
US6237947B1 (en) 2001-05-29
WO1998021072A2 (en) 1998-05-22
WO1998021072A8 (en) 1998-05-22
ES2167806T3 (en) 2002-05-16
EP0935542A1 (en) 1999-08-18

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