EP0933477B1 - Drainage method and strap draining materials therefor - Google Patents
Drainage method and strap draining materials therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0933477B1 EP0933477B1 EP98101547A EP98101547A EP0933477B1 EP 0933477 B1 EP0933477 B1 EP 0933477B1 EP 98101547 A EP98101547 A EP 98101547A EP 98101547 A EP98101547 A EP 98101547A EP 0933477 B1 EP0933477 B1 EP 0933477B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strap
- drain
- water
- draining
- drain material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel drainage method and the strap draining materials therefor and, in particular, to a draining method adapted for use in drainage system in the soil conservation on mountain slopes, agricultural industry and in civil engineering work and to flexible thin sheet like draining straps having a high resistance to pressure and a high efficiency of drain absorption.
- a drain pipe is all that the circumference of at least of more than a half of the upper half portion of the circular tubular pipe is opened up with numerous tiny cracks densely distributed like meshes of a net for collecting infiltration water from the soil cover into the non-porous water collecting part of the lower half portion in the pipe and from there again water to flow out along the longitudinal direction of the pipe.
- Others also include disclosure of forming a screw ditch on the outer circumference of a hard plastic drain pipe and in which the meshes are provided inside the ditch whereby it enhances the strength of the pipe body and improves the absorption efficiency.
- This type of drain strap is formed by coating on the surface of a hard plastics formed concavo-convex support body with a layer of felt non-woven fabric.
- the support body also has the two sides formed in ditches, however, the opening of the ditches is broader than the ditch bottom.
- US-A-4 246 305 discloses a strap drain material having the features in the preamble of appended claim 1.
- US-A-5,511,346 and US-A-5,056281 disclose panels for insulating and draining walls of foundations.
- a strap drain material made by forming of a weather resistant, thermoplastic synthetic resin into a thin strap material, which comprises at least one side provided with small spaced apart drain collecting apertures, wherein said apertures consist of slots arranged spaced apart along the direction of breadth of the strap and extending whole length along the direction of length of the strap; each slot being provided with a notch, which leads to the outside air and forms a narrow gap smaller in aperture than the slot; the notches being so sized as to create a capillary action to absorb drain water.
- a drainage method comprising the step of embedding in the soil a strap drain material according to any one of the preceding claims; the method being characterised by orienting the strap drain material so as to the slots be inclined in the direction of the length of the strap drain material in order to determine a siphonic force on the drain water.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the draining material of the present invention, with a section cut off along the direction of its length, in which the numeral 1 represents the elongated strap draining material with a flat shape in section.
- This draining material 1 is a flexible strap body made by forming of a weather-resistant thermoplastic synthetic resin, one side of which is provided with a plurality of tiny drain collecting slots 2 densely arranged spaced-apart along the direction of breadth and parallel extending whole length along the longitudinal direction. Notches 21 of the slots 2 are formed in narrow cracks sufficient to create a capillary action and are communicated inwardly with small round hole slots 22 with an expanded section.
- the other side of the strap body is formed in a flat and smooth surface 3.
- the entire strap body is formed in a strap of reel band having the two sides both actually of a plain surface capable of being rolled up like a bolt of cloth and cut in appropriate length for use according to need.
- the notches 21 are formed in inlet portions to absorb water by capillary phenomenon while the slots 22 are formed in channels for collecting and draining water, the action and principle of which will be described hereinbelow.
- FIG. 2 is a second embodiment of the draining material of the present invention, in which a draining material 1A is basically same as the first embodiment of a flat elongated strap body made by forming of a thermoplastic synthetic resin. However, both the upper and lower sides of the strap body are formed with drain collecting slots 2 of same construction as the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, the drain collecting slots 2 on the two sides of the draining strap 1A are maintained on the same pitch and opposite to each other vertically. However, it is also possible if a vertically staggered arrangement is followed.
- FIG. 3 is a third embodiment of the draining material of the present invention, where in order to enable the soft flexible draining material to have a high strength of resistance to soil pressure, there is attached to the flat and smooth surface 3 of the draining material 1 shown in FIG. 1 a reinforcement material 4 formed of a hard plastic material.
- the form material 4 uses simply a U-shaped material, however, it is also possible to use, for example, a U-shaped material 4A containing inside the slot numerous ribs, or a formed pipe material 4B or any other suitable form material 4C, as shown in FIGS. 4(A), (B) and (C).
- FIG. 5 is a further embodiment of the draining material of the present invention, whereas in the third embodiment one side of the draining material 1 is attached with a hard plastics made reinforcement form material 4 in the present embodiment, however, the reinforcement portion is formed directly integrally with the draining material 1.
- the reinforcement portion shown in the drawings includes several high and low ribs 41, 42 extending along the longitudinal length, it is apparent however that various modifications can be made.
- a strip of the draining strap 1 of the first embodiment having length 35cm x breadth 5cm x thickness 0.3cm with a pitch of holes 1.2mm on one side thereof and a total of 40 lanes of drain collecting slots 2 with notches 21 of a breadth 0.15mm and slots 22 of a diameter 0.9mm was obtained.
- the draining strap 1 after the inner end was sealed was embedded on the bottom inside an acryl transparent plastics made container 5 of breadth 30cm x length 30cm x height 20cm such that the outer end of the draining strap was exposed to the outside for about 6cm as shown in FIG. 6.
- Example 1 The draining strap 1 of Example 1 was embedded with the reverse side thereof, that is, the side having slots 2, facing downwardly in the similar position of the container 5, and the other conditions were same as in Example 1.
- the container was filled with water 4500 cc and then after approximately 2 minutes and 5 seconds had passed, water flowed out from the outlet end of the draining strap. Same as in Example 1, the flow was still in the form of continuous or intermittent water column flowing out from about 2/3 of the slots 2 on the straps.
- Two strips 1a, 1b and a section of conventional drain pipe 1c were prepared from the draining strap 1 of Example 1. 2/3 circumferential surface of the drain pipe was provided with numerous small holes and the area of water infiltration was 70 cm 2 /m. Both strips of the draining strap and the drain pipe were embedded by the same inclination (1/30) in the aforesaid container 5, as shown in FIG. 7, with the draining strap 1a facing downwardly, the draining strap 1b facing upwardly and the drain pipe 1c with the non-porous part lying below. About 2 minutes after addition of water to the full, water flowed out respectively from the draining straps 1a, 1b and the drain pipe 1c.
- the outflow of water in the drain pipe 1c decreases gradually to 3 1/2 minutes the flow of water stops. While the same outflow of water is still maintained in the draining straps 1a, 1b, however, after 3 1/2 minutes the amount of outflow of water also decreases gradually form the draining strap 1b till 4 1/2 minutes the outflow of water stops. Outflow of water continues in the draining strap 1a till after about 30 minutes when it stops. At this time, the sandy soil was substantially saturated with water content and the water level was no longer there on the upper part of the soil.
- the draining strap of the present invention possesses a strong rate of water absorption and a drainage effect. Accordingly, when water head pressure drops gradually there is a tendency that
- draining straps 1a, 1b of the present invention are better in the water absorption effect than the conventional drain pipes, and then of the same draining straps 1a, 1b those facing downwardly contrarily are better in the rate of water absorption then those which face upwardly.
- FIGS. 8(A) and 8(B) show partially enlarged drawings of FIGS. 8(A) and 8(B).
- FIG. 8(A) because the notches 21 of the drain collecting slots 2 face upwardly, inevitably the sandy loam P1 of larger particle size gradually collects on the upper part of the notches 21 causing a partial blockade in the notches.
- the notches extend longitudinally, unlike the general drain pipes which have individual meshes of a considerable pitch and can be easily blocked, here there are still intercommunicating notches of a considerable length or number that can absorb infiltration water by the capillary action and at the same time encourage drainage by the siphonic action created inside the slots.
- the result is a much better drain absorption effect than is in a drain pipe that relies merely on the water head and the gravity of water for water flowing in and drainage.
- the sandy loam P2 that enter the slots 22 from the narrow notches 21 will not block either because there the space increases abruptly and also because of the siphonic action created in the notches the sandy loam easily flows out with water.
- FIG. 8(B) shows the notches 21 facing downwardly and in the condition, water flows in by the water-head pressure and the capillary effect. Since the draining strap 1 is closed on the above and also the notches 21 face downwardly, both large and small size sandy loam particles P1, P2 settle down because of the gravity and will not collect and enter the notches and block in. Only the dissolved matter enters the slots 22 and this matter dissolves in and flows out with water. Next, because the notches are very narrow, it is sufficient to support water pressure inside the slots by means of the surface tension in the stationary state and there is no back leakage.
- the drain materials of the present invention not only use the capillary action plus siphonic action in achieving a high effectiveness of water absorption and drainage, but because also the straps are formed in a flexible flat band-like structure to facilitate transportation and construction and resistance to pressure, permit gravity rolling at the condition of only a thin soil cover or without a soil cover thus making it possible a saving in the cost of construction. Also, in the above condition where the soil is saturated with water content, this soil will become liquefied and form mire if subject to gravitational pressure or rolling pressure (such as: by vehicles, etc.). However, using the present drain materials it is still possible to continue draining and to allow the soil to become hardened at once. The materials are therefore advantageous to construction.
- the drain materials are formed of an totally impermeable plastics, they can be used as a waterproof membrane as well as a draining strap to achieve the dual purposes of preventing water from infiltrating into the inner sides of the walls of the construction while simultaneously draining away water from the soil, if the materials are attached by the flat and smooth side thereof to the side of the walls of the basement or tunnel construction which are in contact with the soil by an adhesive.
- the materials are thus a novel and extensively useful drain material for use in the drainage system of the agricultural and industrial constructions.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a novel drainage method and the strap draining materials therefor and, in particular, to a draining method adapted for use in drainage system in the soil conservation on mountain slopes, agricultural industry and in civil engineering work and to flexible thin sheet like draining straps having a high resistance to pressure and a high efficiency of drain absorption.
- Conventionally, the most frequent use of water permeable and draining materials in drainage in the soil conservation on mountain slopes, underground irrigation and drainage on farms, and the civil engineering work on tunnel road bases and retaining walls are of a tubular type, that is, the so-called permeability pipes or drain pipes. The basic structure of a drain pipe is all that the circumference of at least of more than a half of the upper half portion of the circular tubular pipe is opened up with numerous tiny cracks densely distributed like meshes of a net for collecting infiltration water from the soil cover into the non-porous water collecting part of the lower half portion in the pipe and from there again water to flow out along the longitudinal direction of the pipe. However, because the infiltration water moves water to flow downwardly into the lower half portion of the pipe by the water head and the water gravity, it must also carry along the tiny sandy particles into the meshes. Certainly, the sandy particles after collecting for some time gradually seal the meshes resulting thus in a blockade. Even though a part of the sandy particles entering the pipe can be discharged together with the water that has infiltrated into the pipe, because the amount of water collecting in the pipe is small and the speed of drain flow is low, a majority of sandy particles will settle on the lower half portion of the pipe. When collecting over a long period, it also results in disadvantages that there is blockade in the pipe and reduction in the amount of drain. Sometimes, to prevent blocking of the meshes, there is covered on the outside of the drain pipe with a non-woven coating or a synthetic fiber gauze as the filtering layer thereby forming a multiple-layer permeability pipe or drain pipe.
- However, since after use over a period of such a filtering layer blockade can still occur, its use would merely accomplish the effect of prolonging the life only. Furthermore, as drain pipes of the kind are mostly made of a hard plastics, this makes the construction process on embedding relatively inconvenient. Again, as the total area of the meshes provided on the unit area of the circumference of the drain pipe to act as the water inlet hole differs greatly from the pipe diameter sectional area (water service sectional area) and the actual amount of drainage in the drain pipes is less than one third of its sectional area, no siphonic action will thus be created. On the other hand, if the circumference of the pipe is formed densely with meshes, there will be a great reduction in theresistance to pressure in the drain pipe and the pipe can hardly be resistant to the soil pressure and the heavy pressure from vehicles, the drain pipe will get distorted easily and will even break by pressure leading to a blockade in the meshes or the pipe.
- In order that the drain pipe be flexible and bendable to facilitate construction, a soft flexible permeable pipe made of various materials of PVC coated screw-type spring steel wire, non-woven fabric tube and nylon yarn has also been disclosed. However, even with such a flexible permeable pipe the problems of the aforesaid blockade in the meshes and the resistance to pressure still remain.
- Others also include disclosure of forming a screw ditch on the outer circumference of a hard plastic drain pipe and in which the meshes are provided inside the ditch whereby it enhances the strength of the pipe body and improves the absorption efficiency.
- There is disclosed also another type of a non-tubular type of drain sheet. This type of drain strap is formed by coating on the surface of a hard plastics formed concavo-convex support body with a layer of felt non-woven fabric. The support body also has the two sides formed in ditches, however, the opening of the ditches is broader than the ditch bottom.
- US-A-4 246 305 discloses a strap drain material having the features in the preamble of appended
claim 1. - Moreover, US-A-5,511,346 and US-A-5,056281 disclose panels for insulating and draining walls of foundations.
- It is the purpose of the present invention to provide a draining material which differs in construction, shape and principle from the foregoing various drain pipes, sheets and panels, and which possesses a large drainage of high absorption rate, a resistance to pressure and is without a blockade and further is adapted for use in all kind of drainage system.
- According to the present invention there is provided a strap drain material made by forming of a weather resistant, thermoplastic synthetic resin into a thin strap material, which comprises at least one side provided with small spaced apart drain collecting apertures, wherein said apertures consist of slots arranged spaced apart along the direction of breadth of the strap and extending whole length along the direction of length of the strap; each slot being provided with a notch, which leads to the outside air and forms a narrow gap smaller in aperture than the slot; the notches being so sized as to create a capillary action to absorb drain water.
- According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a drainage method comprising the step of embedding in the soil a strap drain material according to any one of the preceding claims; the method being characterised by orienting the strap drain material so as to the slots be inclined in the direction of the length of the strap drain material in order to determine a siphonic force on the drain water.
- Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings:
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the draining material of the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment of the draining material of the present invention;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a third embodiment of the draining material of the present invention;
- FIG. 4(A), (B) and (C) are front views showing the deformation examples of the draining material attached with a reinforcement material;
- FIG. 5 is a front view showing a fourth embodiment of the draining material of the present invention;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the apparatus of Examples 1 and 2 of the draining material of the present invention;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the apparatus of Example 3 of the draining material of the present invention; and
- FIG. 8(A) and (B) sow respectively the partial enlarged views of the draining material with slot portions facing upwardly and downwardly illustrating the principle of drain absorption.
-
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the draining material of the present invention, with a section cut off along the direction of its length, in which the
numeral 1 represents the elongated strap draining material with a flat shape in section. This drainingmaterial 1 is a flexible strap body made by forming of a weather-resistant thermoplastic synthetic resin, one side of which is provided with a plurality of tiny drain collectingslots 2 densely arranged spaced-apart along the direction of breadth and parallel extending whole length along the longitudinal direction.Notches 21 of theslots 2 are formed in narrow cracks sufficient to create a capillary action and are communicated inwardly with smallround hole slots 22 with an expanded section. The other side of the strap body is formed in a flat andsmooth surface 3. In this manner, the entire strap body is formed in a strap of reel band having the two sides both actually of a plain surface capable of being rolled up like a bolt of cloth and cut in appropriate length for use according to need. Thenotches 21 are formed in inlet portions to absorb water by capillary phenomenon while theslots 22 are formed in channels for collecting and draining water, the action and principle of which will be described hereinbelow. - FIG. 2 is a second embodiment of the draining material of the present invention, in which a draining material 1A is basically same as the first embodiment of a flat elongated strap body made by forming of a thermoplastic synthetic resin. However, both the upper and lower sides of the strap body are formed with
drain collecting slots 2 of same construction as the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, the drain collectingslots 2 on the two sides of the draining strap 1A are maintained on the same pitch and opposite to each other vertically. However, it is also possible if a vertically staggered arrangement is followed. - FIG. 3 is a third embodiment of the draining material of the present invention, where in order to enable the soft flexible draining material to have a high strength of resistance to soil pressure, there is attached to the flat and
smooth surface 3 of thedraining material 1 shown in FIG. 1 a reinforcement material 4 formed of a hard plastic material. In the present embodiment, the form material 4 uses simply a U-shaped material, however, it is also possible to use, for example, a U-shaped material 4A containing inside the slot numerous ribs, or a formed pipe material 4B or any othersuitable form material 4C, as shown in FIGS. 4(A), (B) and (C). - FIG. 5 is a further embodiment of the draining material of the present invention, whereas in the third embodiment one side of the
draining material 1 is attached with a hard plastics made reinforcement form material 4 in the present embodiment, however, the reinforcement portion is formed directly integrally with thedraining material 1. The reinforcement portion shown in the drawings includes several high andlow ribs strap 1 havingdrain collecting slots 2, if necessary, there may be coated also with a non-woven and nylon yarn as filter material. - A strip of the
draining strap 1 of the first embodiment having length 35cm x breadth 5cm x thickness 0.3cm with a pitch of holes 1.2mm on one side thereof and a total of 40 lanes ofdrain collecting slots 2 withnotches 21 of a breadth 0.15mm andslots 22 of a diameter 0.9mm was obtained. With the side with slots facing upwardly and the inner end higher than the outer end for about 1 cm, thedraining strap 1 after the inner end was sealed, was embedded on the bottom inside an acryl transparent plastics madecontainer 5 of breadth 30cm x length 30cm x height 20cm such that the outer end of the draining strap was exposed to the outside for about 6cm as shown in FIG. 6. Sandy soil of mud and river sand mixed in a ratio of 2 : 1 and slightly pressed to be flat and smooth was filled into thecontainer 5 to a height of 15cm with a remaining height of 5cm on the soil surface. This remaining height of 5cm on the soil surface was filled with water 30 x 30 x 5 = 4500cc and after two minutes ( depending upon the rate of water permeation in the mud), water flowed out from the outlet end of the draining strap. - Based on observation of the outflow of water, it has been found that water flows out from about 2/3 of the slots and the state of water flow appears to be in a continuous or intermittent water column of full slots. This indicates that owing to differences in density and rate of water permeation among various parts in the nature of the soil, water absorbed through the notches by the capillary phenomenon enters the slots one after the other and partially to be collected to form a segment of water column for discharge. At this time when water column flows towards the outlet end via a drop in the water head, a vacuum suction effect is created in the rear part thereof which again brings another segment of water column of the collected water at the rear part to move forward so that a siphonic action is produced. By means of this siphonic action, water that enters the slots is continuously sucked out thereby improving further the capillary action to accomplish a high rate of water absorption and rate of drainage. That about 1/3 of the slots where there is only a small amount that flows out and the flow stops or there is no water to flow out, it is because the force of infiltration from the upper layer of the soil into the lower layer is not sufficient for absorption and drainage in all of the slot ways of the present draining strap. In other words, because the draining strap has an excellent rate of water absorption, use of only those draining straps having 25 to 30 lanes of drain collecting slots proves to be more than enough with respect to the sandy soil and the amount of water use in the present experiment.
- The
draining strap 1 of Example 1 was embedded with the reverse side thereof, that is, theside having slots 2, facing downwardly in the similar position of thecontainer 5, and the other conditions were same as in Example 1. The container was filled with water 4500 cc and then after approximately 2 minutes and 5 seconds had passed, water flowed out from the outlet end of the draining strap. Same as in Example 1, the flow was still in the form of continuous or intermittent water column flowing out from about 2/3 of theslots 2 on the straps. To observe that the state of outflow of water is more continuous than the state in Example 1 and the rate of flow is more fast, this can be seen from the fact that when outflow of water started till the container was filled to the capacity of 500cc and 1000cc respectively, the time t2 needed in Example 2 was shorter by a little of several of ten seconds to a few minutes than thetime t 1 needed in Example 1. It can be deduced that when the reverse side of the draining strap is used, as the upper part of the slots is closed, there is thus no communication with the air from the clearances of the sandy soil to acquire a better effect of siphonic action. - Two
strips 1a, 1b and a section ofconventional drain pipe 1c (diameter 2cm x length 32cm) were prepared from the drainingstrap 1 of Example 1. 2/3 circumferential surface of the drain pipe was provided with numerous small holes and the area of water infiltration was 70 cm2/m. Both strips of the draining strap and the drain pipe were embedded by the same inclination (1/30) in theaforesaid container 5, as shown in FIG. 7, with the draining strap 1a facing downwardly, the drainingstrap 1b facing upwardly and thedrain pipe 1c with the non-porous part lying below. About 2 minutes after addition of water to the full, water flowed out respectively from the drainingstraps 1a, 1b and thedrain pipe 1c. Rate of flow was observed, it flows more rapidly in the drainingstraps 1a, 1b than thedrain pipe 1c. When 2 minutes after the outflow of water started, the outflow of water in thedrain pipe 1c decreases gradually to 3 1/2 minutes the flow of water stops. While the same outflow of water is still maintained in the drainingstraps 1a, 1b, however, after 3 1/2 minutes the amount of outflow of water also decreases gradually form the drainingstrap 1b till 4 1/2 minutes the outflow of water stops. Outflow of water continues in the draining strap 1a till after about 30 minutes when it stops. At this time, the sandy soil was substantially saturated with water content and the water level was no longer there on the upper part of the soil. - From the foregoing result of experiments it can be seen that the draining strap of the present invention possesses a strong rate of water absorption and a drainage effect. Accordingly, when water head pressure drops gradually there is a tendency that
- Infiltration water from the sandy soil infiltrates and flows gradually towards the draining
straps 1a, 1b, especially towards the side of the draining strap 1a that faces downwardly. It can be deduced that because the rate of water absorption in the conventional drain pipe is relatively low, the infiltration water infiltrates and flows naturally towards the draining straps where the rate of water absorption is high because of the capillary and siphonic actions, and thus causes the particle clearances in soil for infiltration and flow of the water to gradually form into waterways for the infiltration water to be readily led to the draining straps. Once such waterways are formed, most of the infiltration water will flow towards the ways thereby reducing the water head pressure, thedrain pipe 1c where absorption effect is low will stop draining, and following this will then be the drainingstrap 1b and the draining strap 1a will be the last only. - It has been surprisingly found that the draining
straps 1a, 1b of the present invention are better in the water absorption effect than the conventional drain pipes, and then of thesame draining straps 1a, 1b those facing downwardly contrarily are better in the rate of water absorption then those which face upwardly. This will be described in more detail in the following by means of partially enlarged drawings of FIGS. 8(A) and 8(B). As shown in FIG. 8(A), because thenotches 21 of thedrain collecting slots 2 face upwardly, inevitably the sandy loam P1 of larger particle size gradually collects on the upper part of thenotches 21 causing a partial blockade in the notches. However, since the notches extend longitudinally, unlike the general drain pipes which have individual meshes of a considerable pitch and can be easily blocked, here there are still intercommunicating notches of a considerable length or number that can absorb infiltration water by the capillary action and at the same time encourage drainage by the siphonic action created inside the slots. The result is a much better drain absorption effect than is in a drain pipe that relies merely on the water head and the gravity of water for water flowing in and drainage. Moreover, the sandy loam P2 that enter theslots 22 from thenarrow notches 21 will not block either because there the space increases abruptly and also because of the siphonic action created in the notches the sandy loam easily flows out with water. - FIG. 8(B) shows the
notches 21 facing downwardly and in the condition, water flows in by the water-head pressure and the capillary effect. Since the drainingstrap 1 is closed on the above and also thenotches 21 face downwardly, both large and small size sandy loam particles P1, P2 settle down because of the gravity and will not collect and enter the notches and block in. Only the dissolved matter enters theslots 22 and this matter dissolves in and flows out with water. Next, because the notches are very narrow, it is sufficient to support water pressure inside the slots by means of the surface tension in the stationary state and there is no back leakage. Also, as it is closed on the top surface and air can hardly come in, a vacuum state is more readily produced, which resulted in the interior of the slots by the siphonic action, the efficiencies of water absorption and drainage, to the contrary, are better than those whose notches face upwardly. In addition, because of the dissolved matter which is drained away uninterruptedly along with the water, it results in the crevices between the sandy loam particles to become larger thereby increasing further the rate of water infiltration in the sandy loam and also results in water mark defects or infiltration routes for water to be collected readily towards the draining straps thereby further raising the efficiency of drainage. Same experiments were performed under different conditions of soil and water volume, and at conditions with different known drain pipes, and similar results were obtained, which indicates that the draining straps or bands of the present invention is superior over the conventional drain pipes and that the straps with notches facing downwardly are better than those with notches facing upwardly or facing any of other directions. - Furthermore, when water content in the sandy loam has reached saturation and the draining strap has stopped draining, water drains away again when pressure is exerted on the sandy loam and whereby the humidity in the sandy loam drops and the hardness increases. If instead vibration is exerted, the conditions will also be the same.
- From the foregoing, it is clear that the drain materials of the present invention not only use the capillary action plus siphonic action in achieving a high effectiveness of water absorption and drainage, but because also the straps are formed in a flexible flat band-like structure to facilitate transportation and construction and resistance to pressure, permit gravity rolling at the condition of only a thin soil cover or without a soil cover thus making it possible a saving in the cost of construction. Also, in the above condition where the soil is saturated with water content, this soil will become liquefied and form mire if subject to gravitational pressure or rolling pressure ( such as: by vehicles, etc.). However, using the present drain materials it is still possible to continue draining and to allow the soil to become hardened at once. The materials are therefore advantageous to construction. Besides, since the drain materials are formed of an totally impermeable plastics, they can be used as a waterproof membrane as well as a draining strap to achieve the dual purposes of preventing water from infiltrating into the inner sides of the walls of the construction while simultaneously draining away water from the soil, if the materials are attached by the flat and smooth side thereof to the side of the walls of the basement or tunnel construction which are in contact with the soil by an adhesive.
- The materials are thus a novel and extensively useful drain material for use in the drainage system of the agricultural and industrial constructions.
- While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes can be made in this embodiment without departing from the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
- A strap drain material made by forming of a weather resistant, thermoplastic synthetic resin into a thin strap material, which comprises at least one side provided with small spaced apart drain collecting apertures (2), the strap drain material (1; 1A) being characterised in that said apertures consist of slots arranged spaced apart along the direction of breadth of the strap and extending whole length along the direction of length of the strap; each slot (2) being provided with a notch (21), which leads to the outside air and forms a narrow gap smaller in aperture than the slot (2); the notches (21) being so sized as to create a capillary action to absorb drain water.
- A strap drain material according to claim 1, characterised by comprising a further side (3) free of drain collecting slots (2).
- A strap drain material according to claim 2, characterised in that said further side (3) is provided with reinforcing ribs (42).
- A strap drain material according to claim 2, characterised in that said further side (3) of the strap material is provided with U-shaped reinforcing form material (4A; 41) made by forming a hard plastic material.
- A strap drain material according to claim 2, characterised in that said further side (3) is provided with rectangular pipe materials (4B, 4C), made by forming of a hard plastic material, as reinforcing members.
- A strap drain material according to claim 1, characterised by being flexible.
- A strap drain material according to claim 1, characterised by having a thickness less than 5 mm.
- A drainage method comprising the step of embedding in the soil a strap drain material according to any one of the preceding claims; the method being characterised by orienting the strap drain material so as to the slots (2) be inclined in the direction of the length of the strap drain material (1; 1A) in order to determine a siphonic force on the drain water.
- A drainage method according to claim 11, characterised by arranging the strap drain material (1; 1A) in the soil so as to the notches (21) face downwardly.
- A drainage method according to claim 11, characterised by the by arranging the strap drain material (1) in the soil and closely connected to a wall with the slots facing the soil.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69823000T DE69823000T2 (en) | 1998-01-29 | 1998-01-29 | Drainage methods and drainage strips for carrying out the method |
EP98101547A EP0933477B1 (en) | 1998-01-29 | 1998-01-29 | Drainage method and strap draining materials therefor |
CA002229758A CA2229758C (en) | 1998-01-29 | 1998-02-17 | Drainage method and strap draining materials therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98101547A EP0933477B1 (en) | 1998-01-29 | 1998-01-29 | Drainage method and strap draining materials therefor |
CA002229758A CA2229758C (en) | 1998-01-29 | 1998-02-17 | Drainage method and strap draining materials therefor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0933477A1 EP0933477A1 (en) | 1999-08-04 |
EP0933477B1 true EP0933477B1 (en) | 2004-04-07 |
Family
ID=31947253
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98101547A Expired - Lifetime EP0933477B1 (en) | 1998-01-29 | 1998-01-29 | Drainage method and strap draining materials therefor |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0933477B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2229758C (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109613209A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-12 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of crop field simulation experiment method of sloping upland gutter soil and water conservation benefit |
CN109613208A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-12 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of simulation experiment method of sloping upland gutter soil and water conservation benefit |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110485375A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-11-22 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Antiseepage drainage exhaust structure suitable for Wall in Plain Reservoir library basin |
CN112227504A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-15 | 湖南凡工建筑工程有限公司 | Connecting device for capillary permeable and drainage belt of asphalt highway |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4246305A (en) * | 1978-03-22 | 1981-01-20 | Solentanche-Entreprise | Drainage structure and process |
FR2473262A1 (en) * | 1980-01-14 | 1981-07-17 | Renard Patrick | Underground irrigation and drainage strip - has channels formed in plastics strip with permeable felted material on upper side for seepage |
CA1314681C (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1993-03-23 | Grant Mccarthy | Basewrap foundation wall insulation and drainage |
US5511346A (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1996-04-30 | The Dow Chemical Company | Thermoplastic foam insulation and drainage board and method of using in below-grade applications |
-
1998
- 1998-01-29 EP EP98101547A patent/EP0933477B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-17 CA CA002229758A patent/CA2229758C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109613209A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-12 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of crop field simulation experiment method of sloping upland gutter soil and water conservation benefit |
CN109613208A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-12 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of simulation experiment method of sloping upland gutter soil and water conservation benefit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0933477A1 (en) | 1999-08-04 |
CA2229758A1 (en) | 1999-08-17 |
CA2229758C (en) | 2005-06-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5934828A (en) | Drainage method and strap draining materials therefor | |
EP0966571B1 (en) | System for collecting fluids | |
WO2006001139A1 (en) | Underground water storage tank | |
FI104439B (en) | Vattenbehållarkonstruktion | |
JP2009052366A (en) | Underground water tank | |
CN100485142C (en) | Underground water storage tank | |
EP0933477B1 (en) | Drainage method and strap draining materials therefor | |
CN1080354C (en) | Water drainage method and belt drainage component used therein | |
JP2784898B2 (en) | Gutter structure for penetration of rainwater etc. | |
US7157010B1 (en) | Polymeric flocculant infused silt fence | |
KR100641069B1 (en) | Apparatus for Channelling Groundwater and The Method Therefor | |
JP2006037470A (en) | Drain plate | |
JPH07207639A (en) | Beach stabilizing device | |
JP3140982B2 (en) | Water treatment equipment using drain tube bundle | |
JP2002275876A (en) | Water catching/draining treatment material for underdrainage | |
JP2005179919A (en) | Facility for storage and percolation of rainwater and the like | |
JP3285399B2 (en) | Drainage structure | |
CN216405370U (en) | One-way water-permeable hexagonal soil filling frame | |
JPH1018294A (en) | Stable structure of slope | |
KR200392245Y1 (en) | Structure for fixing of a drain paper | |
JP2851816B2 (en) | Slope stable structure | |
JP3266370B2 (en) | Underground drainage structure, construction members and construction method | |
JPH0718160B2 (en) | How to build an earth anchor on a steep slope | |
CA2531826C (en) | Subsurface fluid drainage and storage systems | |
JP2009074286A (en) | Permeating material and rainwater storage and permeating system using the permeating material |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL SE |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19991230 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: DE FR GB IT NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20030404 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL SE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69823000 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20040513 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20050110 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 69823000 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: OPPERMANN, FRANK, DIPL.-ING., DE Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 69823000 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: FRANK OPPERMANN, DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 69823000 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: OPPERMANN, FRANK, DIPL.-ING., DE Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 69823000 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: FRANK OPPERMANN, DE |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20130717 Year of fee payment: 16 Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20130717 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20130726 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20130725 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: V1 Effective date: 20140801 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: EUG |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140801 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20140930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140130 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140131 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20150120 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20150128 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140129 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 69823000 Country of ref document: DE |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20160129 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160129 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160802 |