EP0928164A1 - Bone cutter - Google Patents

Bone cutter

Info

Publication number
EP0928164A1
EP0928164A1 EP97929225A EP97929225A EP0928164A1 EP 0928164 A1 EP0928164 A1 EP 0928164A1 EP 97929225 A EP97929225 A EP 97929225A EP 97929225 A EP97929225 A EP 97929225A EP 0928164 A1 EP0928164 A1 EP 0928164A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bone
drive shaft
milling head
cutter according
bone cutter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97929225A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0928164B1 (en
Inventor
Harald Eckhardt
Gero Krause
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Smith and Nephew Orthopaedics AG
Original Assignee
Plus Endoprothetik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Plus Endoprothetik AG filed Critical Plus Endoprothetik AG
Publication of EP0928164A1 publication Critical patent/EP0928164A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0928164B1 publication Critical patent/EP0928164B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1662—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body
    • A61B17/1664—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the hip
    • A61B17/1668—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the hip for the upper femur
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1613—Component parts
    • A61B17/1615—Drill bits, i.e. rotating tools extending from a handpiece to contact the worked material
    • A61B17/1617—Drill bits, i.e. rotating tools extending from a handpiece to contact the worked material with mobile or detachable parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1613—Component parts
    • A61B17/1631—Special drive shafts, e.g. flexible shafts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
    • A61B17/1739—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body
    • A61B17/1742—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body for the hip
    • A61B17/175—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body for the hip for preparing the femur for hip prosthesis insertion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B2017/1602—Mills
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/65—Means to drive tool
    • Y10T408/665—Universal or flexible drive connection to rotate Tool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bone cutter for the precise preparation of bones according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a bone milling cutter for round milling a femoral head which is provided with a central hole into which a centering pin is inserted.
  • the Fr head is connected to a drive shaft which is designed as a hollow shaft at least in the area near the milling head.
  • a bone milling cutter as shown in FIG. 4, is also known.
  • Such a bone cutter is used for precisely fitting preparation of bones, especially tubular bones.
  • the bone mill 10a shown in FIG. 4 is a guided end mill. It consists of a cylindrical milling head 12a with cutting teeth arranged on the front. A guide pin 30 is also formed on this side. A drive shaft 14 'is attached to the back of the milling head 12a. When using this bone milling cutter 10a, the guide pin 30 is inserted into a guide hole made in the bone, so that a directionally stable machining is ensured in this way. By exerting pressure (cf. arrows 26 in FIG. 4) on the drive shaft 14 'in the direction of the guide bolt 30, they arrive the front teeth are in contact with the bone and mill a rotationally symmetrical surface in depth.
  • the problem with both of the above-mentioned bone milling cutters is the drive shaft, which protrudes from the operating field and must be connected to a drive unit. If the operating field is small and the access must be narrow for anatomical or surgical reasons, it can happen that when the milling is brought down, the drive shaft is pushed out of the direction by projections in the operating field, which leads to a directionally unstable or incorrect directional milling surface. The result is an inaccurate bone bed, both with regard to the contact area and with regard to the positioning of a prosthesis.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a bone milling cutter with which the formation of a bone bed that fits as precisely as possible is readily possible even in a small operating field.
  • the drive shaft also serves as a guide member and is guided through a through guide hole made in the bone. Since the toothing is arranged on the drive shaft side of the milling head, unlike conventional bone milling cutters, work is no longer carried out under pressure, but under tension.
  • the drive shaft runs from the milling head in the direction of the bone and through the guide bore made in it.
  • the drive shaft no longer protrudes from the operating field and can no longer be pushed out of the direction by any objects protruding into the operating field become.
  • the formation of a very precise bone bed is thus ensured.
  • the drive shaft is preferably designed to be flexible.
  • the use of a flexible drive shaft is only made possible by the fact that you no longer work on pressure, but on tension.
  • a guide tube is introduced into the guide bore made in the bone.
  • the drive shaft does not rub against the bone or the adjacent soft tissues.
  • the guide tube can be inserted into the bore from the end opposite the operating field. When the milling head is brought down, the milling head pushes the guide tube in front of it without chamfering it.
  • the drive shaft Since the drive shaft must be completely passed through the bone and it is connected on one side to the milling head and on the other side to a drive unit, at least one of these connections must be detachable.
  • the detachable connection is preferably provided at the drive shaft-milling head transition or at the drive shaft-drive unit transition.
  • the drive shaft is introduced from the opposite end of the guide bore in the direction of the operating field and connected to the milling head.
  • the drive shaft is inserted through the guide hole from the operating field and connected to the drive unit on the opposite side when it emerges from the bone.
  • the milling head can be designed differently, but should be designed to be rotationally symmetrical.
  • a milling head is selected for cylindrical milling, the teeth of which are arranged in one plane. This creates a flat cutting surface perpendicular to the drive shaft.
  • a milling head can be used, the one Has cutting surface which is concave, convex or a combination of such surfaces. It can be used to mill spherical, conical, cylindrical, polygons, wavy or any other rotationally symmetrical surface.
  • a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the cutting surface is extended by a non-cutting protective collar. This means that any soft parts can be kept away from the milling zone.
  • the toothing of the milling head can be conventional, i.e. be milled or hewn.
  • the use of a rake-like toothing is particularly advantageous, with additional chip-removing holes being provided in the milling head. This makes it possible to remove the bone chips from the milling area.
  • a special combination with the last-mentioned embodiment of a toothing is obtained if a collecting device, in particular a collecting container, is arranged on the back of the milling head.
  • a collecting device in particular a collecting container
  • 1 shows a schematic side view of an exemplary embodiment of the bone cutter according to the invention
  • 2 shows a sectional illustration of a further embodiment of the bone milling cutter according to the invention with a dome-shaped cutting surface and a screw connection between the milling head and the drive shaft
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic, perspective view of a third embodiment of a bone cutter according to the invention with a rake-like toothing and collecting container and
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of a bone milling cutter according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a bone milling cutter 10b, which essentially consists of a cylindrical milling head 12b and a drive shaft 14.
  • the milling head 12b has a toothing 20b on its surface facing the drive shaft 14, which is milled in the present exemplary embodiment. It can also be hewn or otherwise designed. All teeth of the toothing 20b lie essentially in one plane, so that a cutting surface extending perpendicular to the drive shaft 14 is obtained during use.
  • the drive shaft 14 is firmly connected to the milling head 12b and at the same time serves as a guide element, corresponding to the guide pin 30 from FIG. 4.
  • a continuous guide hole must first be drilled in the bone.
  • the through guide bore is made through the femoral neck.
  • the drive shaft 14 is inserted from the leg head through the guide bore and connected to a drive unit (not shown) on the lateral side when it emerges from the bone.
  • the bone milling cutter 10b Since in the present bone milling cutter 10b the guide pin and the drive shaft 14 coincide and the toothing 20b is not arranged on the front side but on the rear side (similar to the lamella in a mushroom), the bone milling cutter 10b does not work by applying pressure to the drive shaft 14, but by pulling on it (see arrows 28). This makes it possible to work with a flexible drive shaft 14.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a bone milling cutter 10c, the same reference numbers corresponding to the same parts.
  • the bone milling cutter 10c differs from that according to FIG. 1 in two respects.
  • the milling head 12c is dome-shaped, as can be seen in the sectional view.
  • a concave cutting surface with corresponding toothing 20c is provided on the side of the milling head 12c assigned to the drive shaft 14. This means that a mold surface corresponding to this surface can be milled.
  • the cutting surface is extended by a protruding, non-cutting protective collar 32.
  • the drive shaft 14 and the milling head 12c are detachably connected to one another, specifically by means of a screw 18. This is guided through a central bore 16 in the milling head 12c and screwed into an internal thread on the end of the drive shaft 14 on the milling head side. In such a bone milling cutter 10c, the drive shaft 14 is laterally moved in from the end of the guide bore before the milling process Introduced in the direction of the leg head and then connected to the milling head 12c by means of the screw 18.
  • FIG. 3 A third embodiment of a bone cutter 10d is shown in FIG. 3.
  • this bone milling cutter 10 has the following special feature.
  • the toothing 20d on the drive-side surface of the milling head 12d is formed like a rake and has chip-removing holes 22 extending through the milling head 12d.
  • a removable collecting container 24 is arranged above the surface of the milling head 12d opposite the drive shaft 14, so that all of the bone chips separated from the rake-shaped toothing 20d and transported through the chip-removing holes 22 can be collected in this collecting container 24. This effectively prevents contamination of the surgical field, which reduces the risk of induced, undesirable ectopic bone growth.
  • the bone chips trapped in the removable collection container 24 can then be further processed into valuable, autologous cancellous bone pulp.
  • Bone milling cutters are specified overall with the described embodiments, with which a precisely fitting bone bed can be created, for example, for receiving prostheses, without elements of the bone milling cutter protruding from the operating field and coming into contact with objects in the operating field. A directionally unstable or incorrect directional milling surface can be effectively avoided.
  • the measures according to claim 14 result in milled bone surfaces which are characterized in that they grow together completely with hydroxypatite-coated implant surfaces within a very short time, for example within 10-14 days. This considerably speeds up the healing of implants.

Abstract

The invention relates to a bone cutter (10b, 10c, 10d) for the precise preparation of bones, comprising a cutter head (12b, 12c, 12d) and a drive shaft (14) connected to the cutter head (12b, 12c, 12d). The problem with conventional bone cutters is that the operational field and the drive shaft can overlap. This can lead to directional instability or wrong directional cutting surfaces. In order to solve this problem the drive shaft (14) is used as a guiding device in the bone and an indentation (20b, 20c, 20d) is placed on the drive shaft side of the cutter head (12b, 12c, 12d).

Description

Knochenfräser Bone cutter
B e s c h r e i b u n gDescription
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Knochenf äser zur genauen Präparation von Knochen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a bone cutter for the precise preparation of bones according to the preamble of claim 1.
Aus der DE-OS 27 48 452 ist ein Knochenfräser zum Rundfräsen eines Hüftgelenkkopfes bekannt, der mit einem zentralen Loch versehen ist, in das ein Zentrierstift eingeführt wird. Der Fr skopf ist mit einer Antriebswelle verbunden, die zumindest im fraskopfnahen Bereich als Hohlwelle ausgebildet ist.From DE-OS 27 48 452 a bone milling cutter for round milling a femoral head is known, which is provided with a central hole into which a centering pin is inserted. The Fr head is connected to a drive shaft which is designed as a hollow shaft at least in the area near the milling head.
Ferner ist ein Knochenfräser bekannt, wie er in Fig. 4 dargestellt ist. Ein solcher Knochenfräser wird zur paßgenauen Präparation von Knochen, speziell von Röhrenknochen verwendet. Insbesondere bei der zementfreien Implantation von Prothesen ist es wichtig, ein möglichst paßgenaues Knochenbett zur Aufnahme der Prothese zu schaffen, um zum einen eine möglichst große Kontaktfläche zum schnellen Anwachsen des Knochens sicherzustellen, und zum anderen Mikrobewegungen auszuschalten. Da oszillierende Sägen zu wenig genau sind, werden rotierende Instrumente bevorzugt.A bone milling cutter, as shown in FIG. 4, is also known. Such a bone cutter is used for precisely fitting preparation of bones, especially tubular bones. In the case of cementless implantation of prostheses in particular, it is important to create a bone bed that fits as precisely as possible to hold the prosthesis, on the one hand to ensure the largest possible contact area for the rapid growth of the bone and on the other to eliminate micro movements. Because oscillating saws are not precise enough, rotating instruments are preferred.
Der in Fig. 4 dargestellte Knochenfräser 10a ist ein geführter Stirnfräser. Er besteht aus einem zylindrischen Fräskopf 12a mit an der Frontseite angeordneten Schneidzähnen. Auf dieser Seite ist auch ein Führungsbolzen 30 ausgebildet. Auf der Rückseite des Fräskopfes 12a ist eine Antriebswelle 14' befestigt. Bei der Verwendung dieses Knochenfräsers 10a wird der Führungsbolzen 30 in eine in den Knochen eingebrachte Führungsbohrung gesteckt, so daß solchermaßen geführt eine richtungsstabile 'Bearbeitung sichergestellt ist. Durch Aus- üben von Druck (vgl. Pfeile 26 in Fig. 4) auf die Antriebswelle 14' in Richtung des Führungsbolzens 30 kommen die an der Frontseite angeordneten Schneidezähne mit dem Knochen in Kontakt und fräsen eine rotationssymmetrische Fläche in die Tiefe.The bone mill 10a shown in FIG. 4 is a guided end mill. It consists of a cylindrical milling head 12a with cutting teeth arranged on the front. A guide pin 30 is also formed on this side. A drive shaft 14 'is attached to the back of the milling head 12a. When using this bone milling cutter 10a, the guide pin 30 is inserted into a guide hole made in the bone, so that a directionally stable machining is ensured in this way. By exerting pressure (cf. arrows 26 in FIG. 4) on the drive shaft 14 'in the direction of the guide bolt 30, they arrive the front teeth are in contact with the bone and mill a rotationally symmetrical surface in depth.
Problematisch bei beiden oben genannten Knochenfräsern ist jeweils die Antriebswelle, die aus dem Operationsfeld herausragt und mit einem Antriebsaggregat verbunden werden muß. Ist das Operationsfeld klein und muß der Zugang aus anatomischen oder chirurgischen Gründen eng gestaltet werden, kann es vorkommen, daß beim Niederbringen der Fräsung die Antriebswelle durch Vorsprünge in dem Operationsfeld aus der Richtung gedrängt wird, was zu einer richtungsinstabilen oder richtungsfalεchen Fräsflache führt. Das Ergebnis ist ein ungenaues Knochenbett, sowohl bezüglich der Kontaktflä- ehe als auch bezüglich der Positionierung einer Prothese.The problem with both of the above-mentioned bone milling cutters is the drive shaft, which protrudes from the operating field and must be connected to a drive unit. If the operating field is small and the access must be narrow for anatomical or surgical reasons, it can happen that when the milling is brought down, the drive shaft is pushed out of the direction by projections in the operating field, which leads to a directionally unstable or incorrect directional milling surface. The result is an inaccurate bone bed, both with regard to the contact area and with regard to the positioning of a prosthesis.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Knochenfräser zu schaffen, mit dem auch bei kleinem Operationsfeld die Ausbildung eines möglichst paßgenauen Knochenbetts ohne weiteres mög- lieh ist.The object of the invention is to provide a bone milling cutter with which the formation of a bone bed that fits as precisely as possible is readily possible even in a small operating field.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features mentioned in claim 1.
Gemäß der in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung dient die Antriebswelle gleichzeitig als Führungsorgan und wird durch eine in den Knochen eingebrachte durchgehende Führungsbohrung hindurch geführt. Da die Zahnung antriebswellenseitig am Fraskopf angeordnet ist, wird - im Gegensatz zu herkömm- liehen Knochenfräsern - nicht mehr auf Druck, sondern auf Zug gearbeitet .According to the invention specified in claim 1, the drive shaft also serves as a guide member and is guided through a through guide hole made in the bone. Since the toothing is arranged on the drive shaft side of the milling head, unlike conventional bone milling cutters, work is no longer carried out under pressure, but under tension.
Beim Einsatz des Knochenfräsers verläuft die Antriebswelle vom Fraskopf in Richtung des Knochen und durch die in diesem eingebrachte Führungsbohrung hindurch. Damit ragt die Antriebswelle nicht mehr aus dem Operationsfeld heraus und kann auch nicht mehr durch irgendwelche in das Operationsfeld hineinragenden Gegenstände aus der Richtung gedrängt werden. Die Ausbildung eines sehr paßgenauen Knochenbetts ist somit sichergestellt.When using the bone cutter, the drive shaft runs from the milling head in the direction of the bone and through the guide bore made in it. As a result, the drive shaft no longer protrudes from the operating field and can no longer be pushed out of the direction by any objects protruding into the operating field become. The formation of a very precise bone bed is thus ensured.
Vorzugsweis ist die Antriebswelle flexibel ausgestaltet. Die Verwendung einer flexiblen Antriebswelle wird erst dadurch ermöglicht, daß nicht mehr auf Druck, sondern auf Zug gearbeitet wird.The drive shaft is preferably designed to be flexible. The use of a flexible drive shaft is only made possible by the fact that you no longer work on pressure, but on tension.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist in der in den Knochen eingebrachten Führungsbohrung ein Führungsrohr eingebracht. Dadurch reibt die Antriebswelle nicht am Knochen oder an den anliegenden Weichteilen. Das Führungsrohr kann von dem dem Operationsfeld gegenüberliegenden Ende der Bohrung her in diese eingschoben werden. Beim Nie- derbringen der Fräεung schiebt der Fr skopf das Führungsrohr vor sich her, ohne es anzufrasen.According to a further advantageous embodiment, a guide tube is introduced into the guide bore made in the bone. As a result, the drive shaft does not rub against the bone or the adjacent soft tissues. The guide tube can be inserted into the bore from the end opposite the operating field. When the milling head is brought down, the milling head pushes the guide tube in front of it without chamfering it.
Da die Antriebswelle durch den Knochen vollständig hindurchgeführt werden muß und sie auf einer Seite mit dem Fraskopf, auf der anderen Seite mit einem Antriebsaggregat verbunden ist, muß zumindest eine dieser Verbindungen lösbar ausgebildet sein. Die lösbare Verbindung ist vorzugsweise am Übergang Antriebswelle-Fräskopf oder am Übergang Antriebswelle- Antriebsaggregat vorgesehen.Since the drive shaft must be completely passed through the bone and it is connected on one side to the milling head and on the other side to a drive unit, at least one of these connections must be detachable. The detachable connection is preferably provided at the drive shaft-milling head transition or at the drive shaft-drive unit transition.
Im ersteren Fall wird vor dem Fräsvorgang die Antriebswelle vom gegenüberliegenden Ende der Führungsbohrung her in Richtung Operationsfeld eingebracht und mit dem Fraskopf verbunden. Im zweiten Fall wird die Antriebswelle vom Operations- feld her durch die Führungsbohrung gesteckt und beim Austritt aus dem Knochen auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite mit dem Antriebsaggregat verbunden.In the former case, before the milling process, the drive shaft is introduced from the opposite end of the guide bore in the direction of the operating field and connected to the milling head. In the second case, the drive shaft is inserted through the guide hole from the operating field and connected to the drive unit on the opposite side when it emerges from the bone.
Der Fräskopf kann verschieden gestaltet werden, sollte je- doch rotationsεymmetrisch ausgebildet sein. Für eine zylindrische Ausfräsung wird ein Fräskopf gewählt, dessen Zahnung in einer Ebene angeordnet ist . Das erzeugt eine zur Antriebswelle senkrecht stehende, ebene Schnittfläche. Alternativ kann auch ein Fraskopf verwendet werden, der eine Schneidfläche aufweist, die konkav, konvex oder als Kombination solcher Flächen ausgebildet ist. Damit lassen sich sphärische, konische, zylindrische, polygone, wellige oder sonstige beliebige, rotationssymmetrische Formoberflächen fräsen.The milling head can be designed differently, but should be designed to be rotationally symmetrical. A milling head is selected for cylindrical milling, the teeth of which are arranged in one plane. This creates a flat cutting surface perpendicular to the drive shaft. Alternatively, a milling head can be used, the one Has cutting surface which is concave, convex or a combination of such surfaces. It can be used to mill spherical, conical, cylindrical, polygons, wavy or any other rotationally symmetrical surface.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schneidende Fläche durch einen nichtschneidenden Schutzkragen verlängert wird. Dadurch können allfällige Weichteile von der Fräszone ferngehalten werden.A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the cutting surface is extended by a non-cutting protective collar. This means that any soft parts can be kept away from the milling zone.
Die Zahnung des Fräskopfes kann konventionell ausgebildet, d.h. gefräst oder gehauen sein. Besonders vorteilhaft ist jedoch die Verwendung einer raffelartigen Zahnung, wobei zu- sätzlich spanabführende Löcher im Fraskopf vorgesehen sind. Damit ist es möglich, die Knochenspäne aus dem Fräsbereich abzuführen .The toothing of the milling head can be conventional, i.e. be milled or hewn. However, the use of a rake-like toothing is particularly advantageous, with additional chip-removing holes being provided in the milling head. This makes it possible to remove the bone chips from the milling area.
Eine besondere Kombination mit der letztgenannten Ausfüh- rungsform einer Zahnung ergibt sich dann, wenn auf der Rückseite des Fräskopfes eine Auffangvorrichtung, insbesondere ein Sammelbehältnis angeordnet ist. Nutzbringend wäre beispielsweise die Verwendung eines Körbchens oder Schüssel- artigen Behältnisses, in welchem die anfallenden Knochen- späne gesammelt werden. Dadurch kann nicht nur eine Pollution des Operationsfeldes durch solche Späne verhindert und die Gefahr eines induzierten, unerwünschten, ektopischen Knochenwachstums eingedämmt werden. Es ist auch möglich, die im Behältnis gesammelten Späne zu wertvollem, autologem Spongiosabrei weiterzuverwenden.A special combination with the last-mentioned embodiment of a toothing is obtained if a collecting device, in particular a collecting container, is arranged on the back of the milling head. For example, it would be useful to use a basket or bowl-like container in which the resulting bone chips are collected. This not only prevents the surgical field from being polluted by such chips, but also reduces the risk of induced, undesirable, ectopic bone growth. It is also possible to use the chips collected in the container for valuable, autologous cancellous bone pulp.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend, auch in Hinblick auf weitere Vorteile und Merkmale, anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und mit Bezug auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläuter . Die Zeichnungen zeigen inThe invention is explained in more detail below, also with regard to further advantages and features, using exemplary embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show in
Fig. l eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Ausfüh- rungsbeispiels des er indungsgemäßen Knochenfräsers, Fig. 2 eine Schnittdarstellung einer weiteren Ausfüh- rungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Knochenfräsers mit domförmiger Schnittfläche und Schraubver- bindung zwischen Fräskopf und Antriebswelle1 shows a schematic side view of an exemplary embodiment of the bone cutter according to the invention, 2 shows a sectional illustration of a further embodiment of the bone milling cutter according to the invention with a dome-shaped cutting surface and a screw connection between the milling head and the drive shaft
Fig. 3 eine schematische, perspektivische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Knochenfräsers mit raffelartiger Zahnung und Sammelbehältnis undFig. 3 is a schematic, perspective view of a third embodiment of a bone cutter according to the invention with a rake-like toothing and collecting container and
Fig. 4 eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Knochen- fräsers nach dem Stand der Technik.4 shows a schematic side view of a bone milling cutter according to the prior art.
In Fig. 1 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Knochenfräsers 10b dargestellt, der im wesentlichen aus einem zylinderför- migen Fräskopf 12b und einer Antriebswelle 14 besteht .1 shows an embodiment of a bone milling cutter 10b, which essentially consists of a cylindrical milling head 12b and a drive shaft 14.
Der Fraskopf 12b weist an seiner zur Antriebswelle 14 wei- senden Fläche eine Zahnung 20b auf, die - bei vorliegendem Ausführungsbeispiel - gefräst ist. Sie kann auch gehauen oder anderweitig ausgebildet sein. Alle Zähne der Zahnung 20b liegen im wesentlichen in einer Ebene, so daß beim Einsatz eine sich senkrecht zur Antriebswelle 14 erstreckende Schnittfläche erhalten wird.The milling head 12b has a toothing 20b on its surface facing the drive shaft 14, which is milled in the present exemplary embodiment. It can also be hewn or otherwise designed. All teeth of the toothing 20b lie essentially in one plane, so that a cutting surface extending perpendicular to the drive shaft 14 is obtained during use.
Die Antriebswelle 14 ist fest mit dem Fräskopf 12b verbunden und dient gleichzeitig als Führungselement, entsprechend dem Führungsbolzen 30 aus Fig. 4. Um den Knochenfräser 10b ein- setzen zu können, muß in den Knochen zunächst eine durchgehende Führungsbohrung eingebracht werden. Für eine Formfrä- sung z.B. eines Oberschenkelkopfes wird durch den Schenkelhals die durchgehende Führungsbohrung eingebracht. Die Antriebswelle 14 wird vom Schenkelkopf her durch die Führungs- bohrung gesteckt und beim Austritt aus dem Knochen auf der lateralen Seite mit einem (nicht dargestellten) An- triebsaggregat verbunden. Da bei dem vorliegenden Knochenfräser 10b Führungsbolzen und Antriebswelle 14 zusammenfallen und die Zahnung 20b nicht auf der Stirnseite, sondern auf der Rückseite angeordnet ist (ähnlich wie die Lamellen bei einem Pilz) , arbeitet der Kno- chenfräser 10b nicht mittels Druck auf die Antriebswelle 14, sondern durch Zug auf dieselbe (vgl. Pfeile 28) . Dadurch ist es möglich, auch mit einer flexiblen Antriebswelle 14 zu arbeiten.The drive shaft 14 is firmly connected to the milling head 12b and at the same time serves as a guide element, corresponding to the guide pin 30 from FIG. 4. In order to be able to use the bone milling cutter 10b, a continuous guide hole must first be drilled in the bone. For a shape milling, for example of a femoral head, the through guide bore is made through the femoral neck. The drive shaft 14 is inserted from the leg head through the guide bore and connected to a drive unit (not shown) on the lateral side when it emerges from the bone. Since in the present bone milling cutter 10b the guide pin and the drive shaft 14 coincide and the toothing 20b is not arranged on the front side but on the rear side (similar to the lamella in a mushroom), the bone milling cutter 10b does not work by applying pressure to the drive shaft 14, but by pulling on it (see arrows 28). This makes it possible to work with a flexible drive shaft 14.
Beim Arbeiten mit einer flexiblen Antriebswelle ist es von Vorteil, die Führungsbohrung von lateral mit einem (nicht dargestellten) Führungsrohr auszukleiden, so daß die rotierende Antriebswelle 14 nicht am Knochen oder an den anliegenden Weichteilen reibt. Beim Niederbringen stößt der Fräs- köpf 12b das Führungsrohr einfach vor sich her, ohne dieses selbst anzufrasen.When working with a flexible drive shaft, it is advantageous to line the guide bore laterally with a guide tube (not shown) so that the rotating drive shaft 14 does not rub against the bone or the adjacent soft parts. When it is brought down, the milling head 12b simply pushes the guide tube in front of it without chamfering it itself.
Fig. 2 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiels eines Kno- chenfräsers 10c, wobei die gleichen Bezugsziffern gleichen Teilen entsprechen. Der Knochenfräser 10c unterscheidet sich von demjenigen gemäß Fig. 1 in zweierlei Hinsicht.2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a bone milling cutter 10c, the same reference numbers corresponding to the same parts. The bone milling cutter 10c differs from that according to FIG. 1 in two respects.
Zum einen ist der Fraskopf 12c domförmig ausgebildet, wie iπ der Schnittdarstellung zu erkennen ist . Auf der der An- triebswelle 14 zugeordneten Seite des Fräskopfes 12c ist eine konkave Schneidfläche mit entsprechender Zahnung 20c vorgesehen. Damit läßt sich eine dieser Fläche entsprechende Formoberfläche fräsen. Um Weichteile von der Schneidzone fern zu halten, ist die Schneidfläche durch einen überste- henden, nichtschneidenden Schutzkragen 32 verlängert.On the one hand, the milling head 12c is dome-shaped, as can be seen in the sectional view. A concave cutting surface with corresponding toothing 20c is provided on the side of the milling head 12c assigned to the drive shaft 14. This means that a mold surface corresponding to this surface can be milled. In order to keep soft parts away from the cutting zone, the cutting surface is extended by a protruding, non-cutting protective collar 32.
Zum anderen sind die Antriebswelle 14 und der Fräskopf 12c lösbar miteinander verbunden, und zwar mittels einer Schraube 18. Diese ist durch eine zentrische Bohrung 16 im Fräs- köpf 12c hindurchgeführt und in ein Innengewinde am fraskopfseitigen Ende der Antriebswelle 14 eingeschraubt. Bei einem solchen Knochenfräser 10c wird vor dem Fräsvorgang die Antriebswelle 14 lateral vom Ende der Führungsbohrung her in Richtung des Schenkelkopfes eingebracht und dann mit dem Fräskopf 12c mittels der Schraube 18 verbunden.On the other hand, the drive shaft 14 and the milling head 12c are detachably connected to one another, specifically by means of a screw 18. This is guided through a central bore 16 in the milling head 12c and screwed into an internal thread on the end of the drive shaft 14 on the milling head side. In such a bone milling cutter 10c, the drive shaft 14 is laterally moved in from the end of the guide bore before the milling process Introduced in the direction of the leg head and then connected to the milling head 12c by means of the screw 18.
Eine dritte Ausführungsform eines Knochenfräsers lOd ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt. Dieεer Knochenfräser lOd weist gegenüber den oben genannten Ausführungsbeispielen - insbesondere demjenigen aus Fig. 1 - folgende Besonderheit auf. Die Zahnung 20d auf der antriebsseitigen Fläche des Fräskopfes 12d ist raffelartig ausgebildet und weist sich durch den Fräskopf 12d hindurcherstreckende spanabführende Löcher 22 auf. Über der der Antriebswelle 14 gegenüberliegenden Fläche des Fräskopfes 12d ist ein abnehmbares Sammelbehältnis 24 angeordnet, so daß alle von der raffelförmigen Zahnung 20d abgetrennten und durch die spanabführenden Löcher 22 hindurch transportierten Knochenspäne in diesem Sammelbehältnis 24 aufgefangen werden können. Dadurch wird eine Verschmutzung des Operationsfeldes wirkungsvoll vermieden, wodurch die Gefahr eines induzierten, unerwünschten ektopischen Knochen- wachstums eingedämmt ist. Die in dem abnehmbaren Sammelbe- hältnis 24 eingefangenen Knochenspäne können anschließend zu wertvollem, autologem Spongiosabrei weiterverarbeitet werden.A third embodiment of a bone cutter 10d is shown in FIG. 3. Compared to the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, in particular the one from FIG. 1, this bone milling cutter 10 has the following special feature. The toothing 20d on the drive-side surface of the milling head 12d is formed like a rake and has chip-removing holes 22 extending through the milling head 12d. A removable collecting container 24 is arranged above the surface of the milling head 12d opposite the drive shaft 14, so that all of the bone chips separated from the rake-shaped toothing 20d and transported through the chip-removing holes 22 can be collected in this collecting container 24. This effectively prevents contamination of the surgical field, which reduces the risk of induced, undesirable ectopic bone growth. The bone chips trapped in the removable collection container 24 can then be further processed into valuable, autologous cancellous bone pulp.
Insgesamt sind mit den beschriebenen Ausführungsformen Kno- chenfräser angegeben, mit denen ein paßgenaues Knochenbett beispielsweise zur Aufnahme von Prothesen geschaffen werden kann, ohne daß Elemente des Knochenfräsers aus dem Operationsfeld herausragen und mit Gegenständen im Operationsfeld in Berührung kommen können. Eine richtungsinstabile oder richtungsfalsche Fräsflache kann wirksam vermieden werden.Bone milling cutters are specified overall with the described embodiments, with which a precisely fitting bone bed can be created, for example, for receiving prostheses, without elements of the bone milling cutter protruding from the operating field and coming into contact with objects in the operating field. A directionally unstable or incorrect directional milling surface can be effectively avoided.
Durch die Maßnahmen nach Anspruch 14 erhält man gefräste Knochenflächen, die sich dadurch auszeichnen, daß sie innerhalb kürzester Zeit, z.B. innerhalb von 10 - 14 Tagen vollständig mit Hydroxialpatit beschichteten Implantatflächen verwachsen. Damit läßt sich die Einheilung von Implantaten erheblich beschleunigen. BezugszeichenlisteThe measures according to claim 14 result in milled bone surfaces which are characterized in that they grow together completely with hydroxypatite-coated implant surfaces within a very short time, for example within 10-14 days. This considerably speeds up the healing of implants. Reference list
10a,b,c,d Knochenfräser 12a,b,c,d Fräskopf10a, b, c, d bone milling cutter 12a, b, c, d milling head
14 Antriebswelle14 drive shaft
14' Antriebswelle beim Stand der Technik14 'drive shaft in the prior art
16 Bohrung16 hole
18 Schraube 20b, c,d Zahnung18 screw 20b, c, d toothing
22 spanabführende Löcher22 machining holes
24 Sammelbehältnis24 collecting container
26 Pfeil (symbolisiert Druckkraft)26 arrow (symbolizes pressure force)
28 Pfeil (symbolisiert Zugkraft) 30 Führungsbolzen28 arrow (symbolizes traction) 30 guide pin
32 Schutzkragen 32 protective collar

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Knochenfräser zur genauen Präparation von Knochen umfassend einen Fräεkopf (12b, 12c, 12d) und eine mit dem Fräskopf (12b, 12c, 12d) verbundene Antriebswelle (14) , dadurch gekenzeichnet , daß am Fräskopf (12b, 12c, 12d) antriebεwellenseitig eine Zahnung (20b, 20c, 20d) angeordnet ist, und daß die Antriebswelle (14) gleichzeitig als im Knochen geführtes Führungsorgan dient .1. Bone milling cutter for the precise preparation of bones comprising a milling head (12b, 12c, 12d) and a drive shaft (14) connected to the milling head (12b, 12c, 12d), characterized in that on the milling head (12b, 12c, 12d) on the drive shaft side a toothing (20b, 20c, 20d) is arranged, and that the drive shaft (14) serves at the same time as a guide member guided in the bone.
2. Knochenfräser nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebswelle (14) flexibel ausgebildet ist.2. Bone cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive shaft (14) is flexible.
3. Knochenfräser nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Führungsrohr vorgesehen ist, welches im Knochen plazierbar ist und durch das die Antriebswelle (14) drehbar gelagert hindurchführbar ist .3. Bone cutter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a guide tube is provided which can be placed in the bone and through which the drive shaft (14) is rotatably guided.
4. Knochenfräser nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebswelle (14) mit dem Fräskopf (12c) lösbar verbunden ist .4. Bone cutter according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drive shaft (14) with the milling head (12c) is detachably connected.
5. Knochenfräser nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebswelle (14) mit einem Antriebsaggregat lösbar verbunden ist .5. Bone cutter according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drive shaft (14) is detachably connected to a drive unit.
6. Knochenfräser nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Fraskopf (12b, 12c, 12d) rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet ist. 6. Bone cutter according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the milling head (12b, 12c, 12d) is rotationally symmetrical.
7. Knochenfräser nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Fräskopf (12b, 12d) eine im wesentlichen plan ausgebildete Schneidfläche aufweist .7. Bone cutter according to claim 6, characterized in that the milling head (12b, 12d) has a substantially planar cutting surface.
8. Knochenfräser nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Fräskopf (12c) eine Schneidfläche aufweist, die konkav, konvex oder als Kombination von konkaven, kon- vexen oder planen Flächen ausgebildet ist .8. Bone cutter according to claim 6, characterized in that the milling head (12c) has a cutting surface which is concave, convex or a combination of concave, convex or flat surfaces.
9. Knochenfräser nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneidfläche des Fräskopfes (12b, 12c, 12d) durch einen nichtschneidenden, über den Fräskopf vorstehenden Schutzkragen (32) verlängert ist.9. Bone cutter according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cutting surface of the milling head (12b, 12c, 12d) is extended by a non-cutting protective collar (32) projecting over the milling head.
10. Knochenfräser nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zahnung (20b, 20c) des Fräskσpfeε (12b, 12c) gefräst oder gehauen ist.10. Bone cutter according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the toothing (20b, 20c) of the Fräskσpfeε (12b, 12c) is milled or hewn.
11. Knochenfräser nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zahnung (20d) des Fräskopfes (12d) raffelartig mit spanabführenden Löchern (22) ausgebildet ist.11. Bone cutter according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the toothing (20d) of the milling head (12d) is formed like a grater with chip-removing holes (22).
12. Knochenfräser nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Auf angvorrichtung (24) am Fräskopf (12d) lösbar angeordnet ist, um die durch die spanabführenden Löcher (22) hindurchtretenden Knochenspäne aufzusammeln oder abzuführen.12. Bone cutter according to claim 11, characterized in that an on device (24) on the milling head (12d) is detachably arranged to collect or remove the bone chips passing through the chip-removing holes (22).
13. Knochenfräser nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auffangvorrichtung als Sammelbehältnis, insbesondere in Form eines Körbchens (24), ausgebildet ist. 13. Bone cutter according to claim 12, characterized in that the collecting device is designed as a collecting container, in particular in the form of a basket (24).
14. Knochenfräser nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneidflächen der Fräserzahnung (20b, 20c, 20d) mit Hartstoff, insbesondere Diamant, Karbid, Nitrid o. dgl . beschichtet sind. 14. Bone cutter according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the cutting surfaces of the cutter teeth (20b, 20c, 20d) with hard material, in particular diamond, carbide, nitride or the like. are coated.
EP97929225A 1996-08-26 1997-06-19 Bone cutter Expired - Lifetime EP0928164B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19634484 1996-08-26
DE19634484A DE19634484C1 (en) 1996-08-26 1996-08-26 Bone cutter
PCT/EP1997/003211 WO1998008444A1 (en) 1996-08-26 1997-06-19 Bone cutter

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EP0928164A1 true EP0928164A1 (en) 1999-07-14
EP0928164B1 EP0928164B1 (en) 2003-08-27

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WO (1) WO1998008444A1 (en)

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US6162227A (en) 2000-12-19
WO1998008444A1 (en) 1998-03-05
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DE19634484C1 (en) 1998-04-02
EP0928164B1 (en) 2003-08-27

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