EP0922918A1 - Procédé de traitement thermique du bois - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement thermique du bois Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0922918A1
EP0922918A1 EP98660057A EP98660057A EP0922918A1 EP 0922918 A1 EP0922918 A1 EP 0922918A1 EP 98660057 A EP98660057 A EP 98660057A EP 98660057 A EP98660057 A EP 98660057A EP 0922918 A1 EP0922918 A1 EP 0922918A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
timber
temperature
heat treatment
procedure
raised
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98660057A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0922918B1 (fr
Inventor
Tero c/o Stellac Oy Lallukka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stellac Oy
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Stellac Oy
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Publication date
Application filed by Stellac Oy filed Critical Stellac Oy
Publication of EP0922918A1 publication Critical patent/EP0922918A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0922918B1 publication Critical patent/EP0922918B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/0085—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C
    • B27K5/009—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C using a well-defined temperature schedule
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a procedure for heat treatment of timber, as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • International patent application PCT/FI94/00190 presents a procedure for improving the resistance to biological decay and the dimensional stability of timber via heat treatment.
  • the specification presents a procedure for the drying of timber at a raised temperature. The procedure aims at ensuring that no cracks are formed in the product. According to the specification, this is achieved by continuously determining the temperatures in the interior parts of the timber and on its exterior surface and continuously maintaining a reasonably small difference between the temperatures. This principle is applied both when the temperature is being raised and when it is being lowered during the drying process. After this, according to the specification, the temperature of the timber is raised rapidly to a level of over 150 °C, and the treatment is continued at this temperature to achieve the desired treatment result.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks described above.
  • a specific object of the present invention is to present a new type of procedure for heat treatment of timber, which makes it possible to produce timber that has a very homogeneous and good quality throughout its thickness.
  • the timber is first dried to a suitable humidity level below 15 %, whereupon the temperature of the timber is raised above a heat treatment threshold and maintained at the required level for as long as is necessary for the treatment. Finally, the temperature of the timber is lowered below the heat treatment threshold.
  • Heat treatment threshold means the temperature above which the desired changes produced by the heat treatment begin to appear. It is generally about 140 - 150 °C. According to the invention, above the heat treatment threshold, both when the temperature is being raised and when it is being lowered, the difference between the internal and external temperatures of the timber is kept within certain limits. The limit is preferably 10 - 30 °C, e.g. about 20 °C.
  • the heating and cooling phases above the heat treatment threshold are of equal duration and, in addition, the absolute value of the difference between the internal and external temperatures is maintained at a substantially equal magnitude at temperatures corresponding to each other during heating and cooling. Therefore, practically every part of the timber is at the same temperature, i.e. subject to the same kind of chemical and structural changes in the timber, for a substantially equal length of time. Thus, the heating and cooling processes of the timber are rendered about identical, i.e. mirror image processes above the heat treatment threshold.
  • external temperature of timber means the temperature of the air surrounding the timber, which is substantially the same as the surface temperature of the timber, and internal temperature means the temperature in the central part of the timber.
  • both the internal and external temperatures of the timber are raised and lowered in a linear fashion. Likewise, preferably a constant temperature difference is maintained for a substantial part of the time during which the temperature is being raised or lowered.
  • the temperature difference is changed as a function of temperature.
  • the temperature difference when the temperature is high, the temperature difference is maintained at a low value, e.g. between 5-20°C, and when the temperature is lower, the difference can be increased, e.g. to a value within the range 20-40°C.
  • the timber Before the heat treatment, the timber should in any case be dried to a humidity below 15 %, but preferably the timber is dried to a humidity below 10, even below 5 %.
  • the heat treatment threshold above which the timber begins to undergo changes due to heat, is about 140-150°C, but the high limit of heat treatment may vary considerably depending on the kind and size of the timber and the changes intended to be produced in it. If the aim is to increase the strength, surface hardness, flexural resistance and elastic flexural strength of the timber, the maximum temperature may be 150-200°C, depending on the case. On the other hand, if the main objective of the heat treatment is to improve the rot-proof properties of the timber, the temperature of the timber should be raised to a value between 200 - 300 °C. Further objectives in both of the above-mentioned temperature ranges may be to reduce the propensity of the timber to expand and contract due to humidity, to retard the absorption of water and to change the colour of the wood.
  • the heat treatment is preferably carried out in a substantially non-pressurised room, in other words, the treatment room may preferably have an overpressure of max. 0.1 bar.
  • the procedure of the invention uses a controlled and steady treatment, so that no overpressure is needed but the timber endures the treatment at normal pressure without cracking. Therefore, the structures of the treatment chamber can be built e.g. only from thin and light boards, whereas prior-art structures need to have pressure-resistant frameworks and wall surfaces.
  • the procedure of the invention has significant advantages.
  • the real behaviour of wood during heat treatment has been clarified, and from timber subjected to heat treatment by the method of the invention it is possible to produce timber material of very homogeneous quality, having the desired properties uniformly throughout its thickness. This has not been possible in any method known so far.
  • the drawing shows the external temperature T o and the internal temperature T i of the timber as functions of time.
  • the timber has been dried in a suitable temperature e.g. to a humidity of 5% and it has a roughly uniform temperature, about 140 °C.
  • a suitable temperature e.g. to a humidity of 5%
  • the surrounding air is subjected to intensive heating, producing an initial impulse S that gives the process a fast start.
  • the temperature increase is stopped at 180 °C at instant t 2 and the internal temperature T i is allowed to rise. It begins to rise steadily and at instant t 3 the difference ⁇ T between the internal and external temperatures is at the desired value, about 20 °C, and at this point the raising of the external temperature is continued. From this point onwards, the external temperature T o and the internal temperature T i rise at the same rate, with the difference ⁇ T between them remaining unchanged.
  • the external temperature reaches the desired maximum temperature of 250 °C. At this point, the raising of the temperature is stopped and this level of the external temperature is maintained. The internal temperature continues to rise, reaching the external temperature at instant t 5 . The heat treatment of the timber is continued at this maximum temperature of 250 °C until instant t 6 , whereupon the lowering of the external temperature is started.
  • the internal temperature follows the external temperature with a certain time delay, and the external temperature is lowered in a steady and linear fashion so that the temperature difference ⁇ T between the internal and external temperatures is the same as when the temperature was being raised. The temperatures are lowered steadily down to the heat treatment threshold of 140 °C, at which point the heat treatment of the timber has been completed.
  • the essential point in this embodiment is that the graphs representing the rise and fall in the temperature are mainly mirror images of each other, in other words, the absolute value of the difference between the internal and external temperatures is of equal magnitude in the same temperature range during heating and cooling. Moreover, in the embodiment described, this difference is constant for most of the time during the process. As the heating and cooling phases are equal in duration, every part of the timber is at the same temperature, i.e. subject to the same kind of temperature changes, for a substantially equal length of time.
  • the timber before the heat treatment, the timber has been dried at a high temperature of over 100 °C, so the initial impulse S that gives the process a fast start occurs above the heat treatment threshold of 140 °C. But if the initial temperature of the timber is relatively low, i.e. clearly below the heat treatment threshold, then the initial impulse and the levelling of the temperature difference can be effected below the heat treatment threshold. In this case, the graphs representing the rise and fall in the temperature are even more exact mirror images of each other.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Control Of Heat Treatment Processes (AREA)
  • Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
  • Mechanical Pencils And Projecting And Retracting Systems Therefor, And Multi-System Writing Instruments (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
EP98660057A 1997-12-09 1998-08-03 Procédé de traitement thermique du bois Expired - Lifetime EP0922918B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI974468 1997-12-09
FI974468A FI108880B (fi) 1997-12-09 1997-12-09 Menetelmä puutavaran lämpökäsittelemiseksi

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0922918A1 true EP0922918A1 (fr) 1999-06-16
EP0922918B1 EP0922918B1 (fr) 2001-07-04

Family

ID=8550091

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98660057A Expired - Lifetime EP0922918B1 (fr) 1997-12-09 1998-08-03 Procédé de traitement thermique du bois

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0922918B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE202841T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69801036T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0922918T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI108880B (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT410069B (de) * 2000-11-02 2003-01-27 Muehlboeck Kurt Verfahren zur hochtemperaturbehandlung von holz
AT410070B (de) * 2000-11-02 2003-01-27 Muehlboeck Kurt Verfahren und vorrichtung zur hochtemperaturbehandlung von holz
WO2006089998A1 (fr) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-31 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Procede de traitement d’une piece de bois a une temperature elevee
WO2010036178A1 (fr) * 2008-09-23 2010-04-01 Hudiksvall Heat Treated Wood Ab Procédé d’amélioration de la qualité d’un élément en bois et élément en bois traité selon le procédé
US8141604B2 (en) 2010-01-12 2012-03-27 Hot Woods, LLC Method of manufacture for wooden gunstocks
US8453343B2 (en) 2010-01-12 2013-06-04 Hot Woods, LLC Method of treatment of wooden items
US8555521B2 (en) 2010-01-12 2013-10-15 Hot-Woods, Llc Method of treatment of wooden items
WO2017216734A1 (fr) * 2016-06-15 2017-12-21 Stora Enso Oyj Produit en bois thermiquement modifié et procédé de production de ce produit
WO2018010748A3 (fr) * 2016-07-15 2018-02-22 Wtt Holding Aps Procédé de modification thermique du bois et programme de commande permettant la mise en œuvre du procédé amélioré

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009047137A1 (de) 2009-11-25 2011-05-26 Institut Für Holztechnologie Dresden Gemeinnützige Gmbh Verfahren zur thermischen Modifizierung oder Vergütung von Holz und Holzprodukten
DE102011104025A1 (de) 2010-06-11 2011-12-15 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren zur Modifizierung von Holz oder Holzwerkstoffen sowie chemisch und thermisch modifiziertes Holz
EP2641712A1 (fr) 2012-03-20 2013-09-25 Timura Holzmanufaktur GmbH Procédé de traitement du bois et dispositif d'exécution du procédé
DE102015013450A1 (de) 2015-10-16 2016-04-14 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Holzzierteils

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE28020E (en) * 1970-09-02 1974-05-28 Kiln drying process
US4182048A (en) * 1978-02-21 1980-01-08 U.S. Natural Resources, Inc. Method of drying lumber
WO1994027102A1 (fr) 1993-05-12 1994-11-24 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Procede permettant d'ameliorer la resistance a la biodegradation et la stabilite dimensionnelle de produits cellulosiques
WO1995031680A1 (fr) * 1994-05-11 1995-11-23 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Procede de traitement du bois a des temperatures elevees
WO1998004392A1 (fr) * 1996-07-26 1998-02-05 N O W (New Option Wood) Procede de traitement du bois a etape de transition vitreuse
WO1998025742A1 (fr) * 1996-12-13 1998-06-18 Bci - Bois Chauffe Industrie Dispositif et procede de traitement a haute temperature de materiau ligno-cellulosique

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE28020E (en) * 1970-09-02 1974-05-28 Kiln drying process
US4182048A (en) * 1978-02-21 1980-01-08 U.S. Natural Resources, Inc. Method of drying lumber
WO1994027102A1 (fr) 1993-05-12 1994-11-24 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Procede permettant d'ameliorer la resistance a la biodegradation et la stabilite dimensionnelle de produits cellulosiques
US5678324A (en) * 1993-05-12 1997-10-21 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Method for improving biodegradation resistance and dimensional stability of cellulosic products
WO1995031680A1 (fr) * 1994-05-11 1995-11-23 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Procede de traitement du bois a des temperatures elevees
WO1998004392A1 (fr) * 1996-07-26 1998-02-05 N O W (New Option Wood) Procede de traitement du bois a etape de transition vitreuse
WO1998025742A1 (fr) * 1996-12-13 1998-06-18 Bci - Bois Chauffe Industrie Dispositif et procede de traitement a haute temperature de materiau ligno-cellulosique

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT410069B (de) * 2000-11-02 2003-01-27 Muehlboeck Kurt Verfahren zur hochtemperaturbehandlung von holz
AT410070B (de) * 2000-11-02 2003-01-27 Muehlboeck Kurt Verfahren und vorrichtung zur hochtemperaturbehandlung von holz
WO2006089998A1 (fr) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-31 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Procede de traitement d’une piece de bois a une temperature elevee
WO2010036178A1 (fr) * 2008-09-23 2010-04-01 Hudiksvall Heat Treated Wood Ab Procédé d’amélioration de la qualité d’un élément en bois et élément en bois traité selon le procédé
US8141604B2 (en) 2010-01-12 2012-03-27 Hot Woods, LLC Method of manufacture for wooden gunstocks
US8453343B2 (en) 2010-01-12 2013-06-04 Hot Woods, LLC Method of treatment of wooden items
US8555521B2 (en) 2010-01-12 2013-10-15 Hot-Woods, Llc Method of treatment of wooden items
WO2017216734A1 (fr) * 2016-06-15 2017-12-21 Stora Enso Oyj Produit en bois thermiquement modifié et procédé de production de ce produit
RU2745502C2 (ru) * 2016-06-15 2021-03-25 Стора Энсо Ойй Продукт модифицированной древесины и способ его производства
WO2018010748A3 (fr) * 2016-07-15 2018-02-22 Wtt Holding Aps Procédé de modification thermique du bois et programme de commande permettant la mise en œuvre du procédé amélioré

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI974468A (fi) 1999-06-10
DE69801036D1 (de) 2001-08-09
DE69801036T2 (de) 2002-03-21
DK0922918T3 (da) 2001-09-24
EP0922918B1 (fr) 2001-07-04
ATE202841T1 (de) 2001-07-15
FI974468A0 (fi) 1997-12-09
FI108880B (fi) 2002-04-15

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