EP0921242B1 - Acoustical building structure - Google Patents

Description

The object of the invention is to provide an acoustic building structure that meets the mass-spring-mass insulation principle and comprising wool panels mineral.

The invention will be described more particularly for an acoustic partition of building, but it is not limited to this particular type of acoustic structure of building, vertical linings, floors and ceilings intended for sound insulation in various buildings are also part of the invention.

Building insulation or acoustic correction is commonly obtained from panels or rolls of mineral wool whose behavior acoustics is, to date, incontestably recognized for these good performance.

Many mass-spring-mass systems meet the criteria sound insulation or correction, systems are, for example, partitions made of mineral wool panels positioned between at least two plasterboards or vertical linings made of mineral wool panels associated with at least one plasterboard and glued or mechanically attached to a masonry or concrete wall. Variants of these systems are extremely numerous, their performance depending on three parameters: surface mass and nature of the walls, thickness and nature of the spring and thickness and nature of the shock absorber.

We know such a mass-spring-mass system also from the document FR 1 351 580 which describes the assembly of panels constituted by flat-bottomed sheet metal trays in which sheets of material are glued insulating, these panels being butted laterally and fixed at their ends upper and lower to ceiling and floor beams.

Today, there is an increasing demand for more and more efficient in terms of sound insulation than in terms of acoustic correction, especially in non-building sectors residential. Indeed, many industrial buildings, leisure complexes establish themselves in urban areas and the acoustic regulations in force requires in the case of such buildings that the general sound insulation be greater than 50 dB (A), that is to say that the insulation between the premises themselves, insulation from the inside to the outside of the room and insulation from the outside to inside the room are greater than 50 dB (A).

However, to this demand for more and more efficient systems there is also the need to create acoustic systems using components industrialized with an excellent performance / cost ratio.

The object of the invention is to provide an acoustic building structure that meets the mass-spring-mass insulation principle which allows very good insulation efficient and quick and easy to install in order to reduce the overall cost of system.

This goal is achieved by an acoustic building structure conforming to claim 1.

In this way, the trays thus filled constitute the masses of the system whose surface mass is controlled thanks to the filling and this filling adds to the mass effect, the intrinsic qualities of wool mineral for their acoustic behavior. This association of a plateau and mineral wool thus constitutes an effective acoustic facing.

In addition, such rigid elements attached to building elements such as elements of the building frame also serve as a supporting frame. In fact, unlike partitions made of mineral wool panels positioned between at least two plasterboards, these plates constituting the system masses, it is not necessary to use a metal frame in supplement to the framework of the building to fix the said masses of the system. Of in this way, the use of such rigid elements makes it possible to eliminate this metal frame and thus the installation of the system masses is simplified and more fast.

Advantageously, the sound reduction index of the structure is greater than 50 dB (A) and preferably greater than 60 dB (A).

Wing tips of the U of the tray have complementary shapes allowing to fit the trays inside each other so that the bottoms of the trays form a continuous surface. In this way, it is possible to realize large surface by minimizing the points of attachment of the trays to the elements of the building; the trays fitting into each other, they can be fixed mechanically on only one of their ends.

According to a preferred variant of the invention, one of said ends is a simple folding towards the outside of the tray and the other end is profiled so to receive the folded end of another tray and to present a wing which extends towards the outside of the tray parallel to the bottom of the tray. In this way, the interlocking of two trays is simple and quick. advantageously, the profiled end allows, thanks to the wing, to achieve the fixing of the plate easily because access to this wing remains clear once the tray is in place. Furthermore, this profiled end allows positioning and maintenance of the padding of the tray without risk of damage. The end receiving part folded from another tray, positions and maintains it at this level. part of the plate and in the opposite part of the plate, the lining is maintained by the wing of the profiled end of the neighboring plateau.

According to a variant of the invention, at least one of the plates is made of sheet metal full.

According to a second variant of the invention, at least one of the plates is in perforated sheet, these perforations of the tray allowing to benefit from the role sink of the mineral wools lining the tray. In this way, the structure is not only efficient in terms of sound insulation, but also more, it is efficient in terms of acoustic correction, this one presenting a good absorption coefficient.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the plates are fixed to the building elements via a simple or acoustic spacer.

These spacers advantageously make it possible to increase the thickness of the air gap of the mass-spring-mass system by increasing the gap between the two masses of the system.

The acoustic spacers also make it possible, on the plan acoustic, independent masses avoiding the transmission of vibrations.

Advantageously, the simple or acoustic spacer has a adjustable spacer length. In this way you can adjust the thickness of the air gap as needed from a single type of spacer.

According to an advantageous variant of the invention, the trays are lined with the inside of the U of a mineral wool of high density such that, for example, rock wool. Rock wool, having a density generally higher than the density of glass wool, allows to increase the general surface mass of the plate in comparison with the use of glass wool.

According to another variant of the invention, the trays are lined inside U of a low density mineral wool such as glass wool and at least one additional load, such as a plasterboard, positioned at the bottom of the tray or on the surface. In this way, the general surface mass of the plate is controlled by the addition of element with high density.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bottom of the two plates is facing the outside of the structure.

In this way, the mineral wool lining the inside of the trays combine three basic acoustic functions. It increases the mass, it plays a role of additional shock absorber and it allows to increase the thickness of the air gap. This type of achievement is particularly effective for sound insulation.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the bottom of the two plates is facing the inside of the structure.

In this way, mineral wool combines two acoustic functions fundamental. It increases the mass and it plays a role of dissipator. This type of embodiment is advantageous for acoustic correction.

According to another possible embodiment of the invention, the bottom of one of the trays is turned towards the outside of the structure and the bottom of the second tray is facing the inside of the structure.

In this way, we find the fundamental acoustic functions previously described according to the orientation of the panels. This kind of realization is particularly suitable for the realization of the envelope buildings.

According to an advantageous variant of the invention, the plates constitute the support of the facings necessary to finish the acoustic structure such as, for example, drywall or siding. Such facings may have a purely aesthetic function, but must not harm the acoustic behavior of mineral wools. Indeed, when they play a role of dissipator, the covering will be done, for example, by a perforated sheet or by absorbent material. In any event, the use of various facings will be generally based on criteria for sound insulation, correction acoustics, aesthetics, fire resistance, cost ...

Figure 1 : une coupe horizontale d'une structure acoustique selon l'invention.

Figure 2 : une coupe horizontale d'une autre structure acoustique selon l'invention.

Figure 3 : une coupe verticale d'un premier type de réalisation d'une structure acoustique selon l'invention.

Figure 4 : une coupe verticale d'un second type de réalisation d'une structure acoustique selon l'invention.

Figure 5 : une coupe verticale d'un troisième type de réalisation d'une structure acoustique selon l'invention.

Other advantages and characteristics will emerge below from the description of exemplary embodiments according to the invention with reference to the figures which represent:

Figure 1: a horizontal section of an acoustic structure according to the invention.

Figure 2: a horizontal section of another acoustic structure according to the invention.

Figure 3: a vertical section of a first type of embodiment of an acoustic structure according to the invention.

Figure 4: a vertical section of a second type of embodiment of an acoustic structure according to the invention.

Figure 5: a vertical section of a third type of embodiment of an acoustic structure according to the invention.

The different acoustic structures represented consist of trays 1 and 2 lined with rock wool panels 3 and separated by glass wool panels 4 associated with an air space 5.

According to these representations, the trays 1 and 2 are sheet metal trays full galvanized with a U-shaped section and a sheet thickness of 0.75 mm.

The dimensions of the trays 1 and 2 are 70 mm deep, 400 mm height and 3.25 to 8 m in length, this length will be adapted to the distance between the two elements of the building framework on which panels 1 and 2 will be fixed. These elements of the structure of the building are represented in Figures 1 and 2 in the form of posts 6 and 7 in metal structure.

Advantageously, the plates 1 or 2 are assembled together by fitting their sides 8 and 9. In this way, we easily obtain the height or width of the acoustic structure by positioning of the plates 1 or 2 nested between them.

According to these representations, the side 9 has a tongue 17 which is inserted in the profiled zone 18 on the side 8 of a neighboring tray 1 or 2, the two trays 1 or 2 thus fitted have their bottoms 10 or 11 located in the same plane. In a way advantageous, the wing 19 on the side 8 allows the fixing of the plates 1 or 2 building elements by any means known to those skilled in the art such as, for example, through a distance. Such a type of tray 1 or 2 is advantageous for the installation of rock wool panels 3: between the profiled area 18 and the bottom 10 or 11 of the tray 1 or 2, insert the edge of the rock wool panel 3 then position the rest of panel 3 on the bottom 10 or 11 of the tray 1 or 2. Once the tray 1 or 2 is thus filled, we fit this tray 1 or 2 in another tray 1 or 2 already in place and the tray 1 is fixed or 2 to the building elements at wing 19. In this way, the rock wool panel 3 is held in place on one side by the profiled area 18 and on the other side by wing 19 of the neighboring tray 1 or 2 which was already fixed to the building elements.

In these plates 1 and 2, the rock wool panels 3 are inserted, these panels 3 having a thickness of 70 mm and a density of approximately 110 kg / m ³ .

After fixing the trays 1 lined with rock wool panels 3 to the posts 6 and 7 of the building, the glass wool panels 4 are positioned between the two posts 6 and 7 by any means known to those skilled in the art such as, for example, by means of a racking-in device. Panels 4 of glass wool have a thickness of 120 to 200 mm and have on one side a single or aluminum vapor barrier. Such panels 4 are, for example, of type of those manufactured by ISOVER SAINT-GOBAIN and marketed under the name MONOSPACE 36. Once these panels 4 of wool glass positioned, the trays 2 are fixed lined with rock wool panels 3 to the posts 6 and 7 of the building symmetrically to the trays 1 already in square. In this way, the acoustic structures thus assembled respond to the mass-spring-mass isolation principle: the masses being constituted by the set of trays 1 and 2 lined with panels 3 of rock wool. The realization of such structures, due to the presence of the plates 1 and 2 fixed to the posts 6 and 7, is thus quick to implement and simplified compared to existing acoustic structures.

FIG. 1 represents an acoustic structure of which the bottoms 10 and 11 of the trays 1 and 2 are turned towards the outside of the structure. These trays 1 and 2 are fixed to the posts 6 and 7 of the building by means of spacers 12 such acoustic spacers are known to those skilled in the art profession such as, for example, the antivibrators marketed by the company PAULSTRA. These acoustic spacers 12 allow the masses of the acoustically independent mass-spring-mass system avoiding the transmission of vibrations. The back of trays 1 and 2 each receive plasterboard 13 and 14 as finishing siding. These plasterboards 13 and 14 are fixed directly to the plates 1 and 2, for example, by screwing, the latter then also serving as a facing support. Such a structure acoustics is particularly suitable, as we will see later, as that building insulating partition.

FIG. 2 represents an acoustic structure of which the bottoms 10 and 11 of the trays 1 and 2 are turned towards the inside of the structure. These trays 1 and 2 are fixed directly to the posts 6 and 7 of the building by any means known to those skilled in the art such as, for example, by screwing or nailing. The orientation panels 1 and 2 is such that the rock wool panels 3 constitute the external faces of the acoustic structure. Therefore, a perforated sheet 15 is fixed by any means known to those skilled in the art to the visible edges of the trays 1 and an external steel tank 16 is fixed by any known means of a person skilled in the art with visible edges of the plates 2.

The perforated sheet 15 and the outer steel tank 16 are, for example, fixed by simple screwing. Such an acoustic structure is particularly suitable, as we will see later, as an absorbent acoustic partition of building.

FIG. 3 represents a vertical section of a first type of embodiment of an acoustic structure according to the invention.

• elle augmente les masses du système masse-ressort-masse. Ainsi l'emploi des panneaux 3 de laine de roche d'épaisseur 70 mm et de masse volumique 170 kg/m³, permet d'augmenter la masse surfacique de 12 kg/m² ;
• elle joue un rôle d'amortisseur complémentaire à l'amortissement déjà fourni par les panneaux 4 de laine de verre, le ressort du système étant déjà amorti à environ 80 % de la cavité par la laine de verre ;
• elle permet d'augmenter l'épaisseur de la lame d'air 5. En effet, le ressort du système est constitué par l'écartement entre les deux masses du système. Cette réalisation permet ainsi d'augmenter l'épaisseur de la lame d'air 5 d'environ 50 % de l'épaisseur des panneaux 3 de laine de roche.

According to this representation, the bottoms 10 and 11 of the plates 1 and 2 are turned towards the outside of the structure. In this type of embodiment, the rock wool lining the interior of the trays 1 and 2 combines three fundamental acoustic functions:

• it increases the masses of the mass-spring-mass system. Thus the use of rock wool panels 3 with a thickness of 70 mm and a density of 170 kg / m ³ makes it possible to increase the surface mass by 12 kg / m ² ;
• it acts as a damper complementary to the damping already provided by the glass wool panels 4, the spring of the system being already damped to around 80% of the cavity by the glass wool;
• it increases the thickness of the air gap 5. In fact, the spring of the system is constituted by the spacing between the two masses of the system. This embodiment thus makes it possible to increase the thickness of the air space 5 by approximately 50% of the thickness of the rock wool panels 3.

This achievement is therefore particularly advantageous for the implementation work of insulating acoustic partitions.

Figure 4 shows a vertical section of a second type of embodiment of an acoustic structure according to the invention.

• comme précédemment, elle augmente les masses du système masse-ressort-masse ;
• elle joue un rôle de dissipateur avec un habillage externe par tôle perforée ou par matériau absorbant.

According to this representation, the bottoms 10 and 11 of the plates 1 and 2 are turned towards the inside of the structure. In this type of embodiment, the rock wool lining the interior of the trays 1 and 2 combines two fundamental acoustic functions:

• as before, it increases the masses of the mass-spring-mass system;
• it plays a role of dissipator with an external covering by perforated sheet or by absorbent material.

This achievement is therefore particularly advantageous for the implementation work of insulating and absorbing acoustic structure.

Figure 5 shows a vertical section of a third type of production of an acoustic structure according to the invention.

According to this representation, the bottom 10 of the plate 1 is turned towards the inside of the structure and the bottom 11 of the plate 2 is turned towards the outside of the structure. In this type of embodiment, the rock wool lining the trays 1 and 2 combine the different acoustic functions described in the two first previous types of realization and this according to the orientation of plates 1 and 2. This particularly advantageous embodiment makes it possible to obtain very effective acoustic insulation while keeping a correction high-performance acoustics on one side of the structure. This achievement is particularly suitable for the implementation of building envelopes.

n°1. Deux plateaux seuls séparés l'un de l'autre par une lame d'air de 420 mm. Les plateaux sont les plateaux 1 et 2 des différentes figures décrites précédemment et sont positionnés de façon identique à ceux de la figure 3.

n°2. Identique au n° 1, mais les plateaux sont garnis de panneaux de laine de verre d'épaisseur 70 mm et de masse volumique 12 kg/m³.

n°3. Identique au n° 1, mais les plateaux sont garnis de panneaux de laine de roche d'épaisseur 75 mm et de masse volumique 155 kg/m³.

n°4. Identique au n° 3, mais la lame d'air est diminuée par l'insertion entre les deux plateaux d'un panneau de laine de verre de 160 mm d'épaisseur et de 16 kg/m³ de masse volumique. (correspond à la figure 3).

n°5. Identique au n° 4, mais les plateaux sont chacun recouverts à l'extérieur par une plaque de plâtre de 18 mm d'épaisseur et de masse surfacique de 15 kg/m². (correspond à la figure 1).

n°6. Identique au n° 5, mais en remplaçant une plaque de plâtre par une tôle d'épaisseur 60 mm et de masse surfacique 5 kg/m².

n°7. Identique au n° 4, mais en remplaçant un des plateaux par un plateau perforé et en recouvrant l'autre plateau par la tôle de la structuren° 6. Structure n° 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Indice d'affaiblissement R_ROSEdB(A) 32 44 50 55 76 69 55

In the table below, the measurements of the sound reduction indices for different building structures are summarized, which are in order:

No. 1. Two single plates separated from each other by a 420 mm air gap. The plates are the plates 1 and 2 of the various figures described above and are positioned in an identical manner to those of FIG. 3.

# 2. Same as n ° 1, but the trays are lined with glass wool panels of thickness 70 mm and density 12 kg / m ³ .

# 3. Same as # 1, but the trays are lined with 75 mm thick rock wool panels and a density of 155 kg / m ³ .

# 4. Identical to No. 3, but the air space is reduced by the insertion between the two plates of a glass wool panel 160 mm thick and 16 kg / m ³ in density. (corresponds to figure 3).

# 5. Identical to n ° 4, but the trays are each covered on the outside by a plasterboard 18 mm thick and a surface mass of 15 kg / m ² . (corresponds to figure 1).

# 6. Identical to n ° 5, but replacing a plasterboard with a sheet of thickness 60 mm and an areal mass 5 kg / m ² .

# 7. Identical to n ° 4, but replacing one of the plates with a perforated plate and covering the other plate with the sheet of structure # 6. Structure no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Attenuation index R _ROSE dB (A) 32 44 50 55 76 69 55

The measurements of these sound reduction indices were carried out according to standards NF S 31-049, S 31-050 and S 31-051 in an installation conforming to said standards on building structures of dimensions 3.95 x 2.55 m ² .

In this table, it clearly shows the acoustic performances indisputable acoustic building structures according to the invention, that is to say structures 4, 5, 6 and 7.

Indeed, thanks to the mass-spring-mass system according to the invention, obtains at least a sound reduction index of 55 dB (A) and improving the basic structure n ° 4, we can obtain a weakening index acoustic of 76 dB (A) which, at present, represents an excellent result acoustic.

The invention is not limited to the types of embodiment shown on the different figures. The plates 1 and 2 can advantageously be made of sheet metal galvanized perforated to benefit from the dissipative role of rock wool lining trays 1 and 2, in particular when the bottoms 10 and 11 of the plates 1 and 2 are turned towards the outside of the structure, these plates being able to receive siding such as plasterboard.

Furthermore, trays 1 and 2 can also be lined with panels glass wool, the surface mass of the plates 1 and 2 then being increased by adding an additional load to the bottom of the tray or on the surface. Such a load can be, for example, a plasterboard connected to the bottom of the tray by means of a mineral binder of the type, for example, adhesive plaster.

The invention must be interpreted in a nonlimiting manner and encompassing all type of acoustic building structure in accordance with the claims.

Claims (16)

1. Acoustic building structure which complies with the principle of mass-spring-mass insulation, the two masses of the mass-spring-mass system each comprising at least one rigid element (1,2), the rigid elements (1,2) being sheet metal panels having a U-shaped cross-section, characterised in that the two masses of the mass-spring-mass system are separated by at least one panel (4) of mineral wool which is associated with at least one layer of air (5), and the panels are lined on the inner side of the U with at least a mineral wool (3), and in that the ends (8,9) of the flanks of the U of the panels (1,2) have complementary shapes which allow the panels (1,2) to be fitted together one inside the other so that the bases (10,11) of the panels (1,2) form a continuous surface.
2. Acoustic building structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the two masses of the system can be mechanically fixed to elements (6,7) of the building.
3. Acoustic building structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the two masses of the system can be arranged at one side and the other of the elements (6,7) of the frame of the building.
4. Acoustic building structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the acoustic attenuation index of the structure is greater than 50 dB(A) and preferably greater than 60 dB(A).
5. Acoustic building structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that one of the ends (9) is a simple bending outwards of the panel (1,2) and in that the other end (8) is formed so as to receive the bent end (9) of another panel (1,2) and to have an arm (19) which extends towards the outer side of the panel in parallel with the base (10,11) of the panel (1,2).
6. Acoustic building structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that at least one of the panels (1,2) is of solid sheet metal.
7. Acoustic building structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that at least one of the panels (1,2) is of perforated sheet metal.
8. Acoustic building structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the panels (1,2) are fixed to the elements (8,9) of the building by means of a simple or acoustic spacer (12).
9. Acoustic building structure according to claim 8, characterised in that the spacer (12) has an adjustable brace length.
10. Acoustic building structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the panels (1,2) are lined internally with a mineral wool (3) having a large volumetric mass.
11. Acoustic building structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the panels are lined internally with a mineral wool (3) of low volumetric mass, such as a glass wool and at least one supplementary filling material, such as a plaster board which is positioned at the base (10,11) of the panel (1,2) or at the surface.
12. Acoustic building structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the base (10,11) of the two panels (1,2) is directed towards the outer side of the structure.
13. Acoustic building structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the base (10,11) of the two panels (1,2) is directed towards the inner side of the structure.
14. Acoustic building structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the base (11) of one of the two panels (2) is directed towards the outer side of the structure and the base (10) of the second panel (1) is directed towards the inner side of the structure.
15. Acoustic building structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the panels (1,2) constitute the support of the surfaces (13,14,15,16) which are necessary for the finishing of the acoustic structure.
16. Acoustic building structure according to claim 15, characterised in that the surfaces (13,14) are plaster boards.

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