EP0918921A1 - Tunnelling process and device - Google Patents
Tunnelling process and deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP0918921A1 EP0918921A1 EP97918982A EP97918982A EP0918921A1 EP 0918921 A1 EP0918921 A1 EP 0918921A1 EP 97918982 A EP97918982 A EP 97918982A EP 97918982 A EP97918982 A EP 97918982A EP 0918921 A1 EP0918921 A1 EP 0918921A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- support layer
- slot
- machine
- face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006163 transport media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1053—Making by using boring or cutting machines for making a slit along the perimeter of the tunnel profile, the remaining core being removed subsequently, e.g. by blasting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus in tunnel construction according to the preambles of the independent claims. They are used when a tunnel is to be driven into a mountain, the ground parameters of which can be expected to have a limited service life.
- tunnel is to be understood generally here. It refers to pipes of any kind to be driven, for example more or less horizontally running street tunnels or channels, but also caverns and cavities.
- Partial cutting machine removes the working face in several attacks.
- the shield construction is one with the
- the shield construction and cutting wheel are used in loose rock with a stable face, while the machines are used with
- the sheave can be used when the face is not stable.
- the partial cutting machine is used for a stable working face.
- the tunnel face is dismantled in the case of mechanical tunneling without shield construction, as in the case of mechanical tunneling with shield construction.
- the machine is clamped to the surrounding mountains.
- the securing work is carried out separately from the tunneling at a later point in time. This machine is used in hard rock.
- the workers After opening a tee, the workers are in the unsecured area and are particularly at risk. Due to the large rebound and dust generation when the shotcrete is poured, workers are exposed to considerable health risks.
- the tunnel machine Since the tunnel machine is a one-off production for the respective tunnel geometry and geology, it can often only be used for one order and therefore causes high costs. Because of the high installation costs, the shield machine is not economical for the construction of short tunnels. Only circular sections can be opened. The minimum tunnel cross-section for a given clearance profile is only circular in exceptional cases, so that additional costs arise due to the additional excavation. Changed tunnel cross-sections in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel (e.g. for parking bays in road construction or train stations in underground construction) cannot be opened with the machine. In addition to the disadvantages of mechanical tunneling with shield construction, the machine without shield construction has the following disadvantage:
- the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device in tunnel construction which allow a tunnel to be driven into the mountain faster, more cost-effectively and more safely.
- Fig. 6 shows a device according to the invention
- Fig. 7 shows another device according to the invention
- FIG. 8 shows another device according to the invention
- the tunnel 10 to be driven is shown schematically and not to scale in a vertical manner parallel to the longitudinal axis, in FIG. 1B several times cut perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
- the tunnel 10 is driven in the mountains 11, 12.
- the mountain range surrounding the tunnel is designated by 11, and the material to be removed soon is designated by 12.
- Reference number 13 denotes an artificial support layer made of a load-bearing material such as concrete.
- slot machine slot machine
- 15 is a slot created by the slot machine 14, 16 the working face, 17 the securing of the tunnel.
- the method according to the invention has the following steps, they are shown schematically in FIGS. 2A to 2C:
- a slot 15 is created in the area of the tunnel to be secured, which slot extends approximately in the circumferential and advancing directions of the tunnel 10 (arrows A and B in FIG. 2A) and its thickness approximately Radial direction (arrow C) is.
- the slot 15 extends in the circumferential direction at least over the area to be secured and in the tunnel advancing direction as far as various construction and / or machine parameters allow.
- the slot lies in the area in which the later fuse 17 comes to rest or further out.
- the trenched slot 17 is filled with a load-bearing material, preferably quick-setting concrete, and thus becomes a support layer 13.
- Steps (1) to (4) describe the method according to the invention in tunnel construction. With him, a slot 15 is thus made in advance. This slot is filled with a load-bearing material such as concrete. Under the protection of the viable support layer 13 thus created, the tunnel 10 is driven forward. If attention is only focused on the method for building the support layer 13, only steps (1) and (2) had to be considered, and these were possibly carried out repeatedly. If one only considers the method for producing the slot 15, only the possibly repeated execution of step (1) is relevant.
- the method according to the invention is used particularly advantageously in tunnel constructions in which the rock through which the tunnel is driven is designed in such a way that a possibly face is exposed on one side but the strength is not so on the other side What is great is that the tunnel can only be opened by blasting.
- the method can be used for changing geometries and geologies.
- the workers work under the protection of the leading security.
- the health burden on workers compared to conventional processes is reduced.
- the method enables propulsion with smaller deformations and thus less damage to the surface of the terrain.
- the support layer was designed in such a way that it can be counted towards the load-bearing capacity of the tunnel tube, the inner fuse (17 in FIG. 1A) to be subsequently installed can be made weaker or can be omitted entirely, which leads to a significant cost advantage.
- various tunnel cross-sectional shapes and / or areas can be produced. It is then only necessary to activate the device 14 producing the supporting layer accordingly. Variants and further developments of the above steps (1) to (4) are described below.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show embodiments in which the slot 15 extends only over part of the tunnel circumference. This can be useful if only parts of the tunnel need to be secured due to local geological disturbances.
- the slot 15 is then carried out in such a way that the support layer 13 finds a stable support after the rock underneath has broken off. However, the slot can also be made all the way round, this is shown schematically in FIG. 3. This possibility can e.g. should be selected if the tunnel is to be opened in a rock which, in conventional methods, requires radial securing.
- a closed circumferential support layer 13, hereinafter referred to as a support ring is then created, which does not require any singular supports, but rather lies flat.
- the slot 15 for receiving the support layer 13 is made in advance and follows the planned tunnel contour. If it is a closed, circumferential support ring, it can follow a helical line (FIG. 4A).
- the pitch of the helix corresponds to the machining width of the slot machine.
- the helix can be inclined on the tunnel contour so that it is at the top
- Tunnel feed direction is further forward than below (Fig. 4B). This tendency towards the vertical then also experiences the resulting face, so that it is less at risk of collapse.
- the angle of inclination is selected depending on the rock parameters.
- the helix can be optimized from various points of view, in particular in the case of the inclined face 16 in particular from the point of view of machine construction and the stability of the face 16.
- the machine In the simplest case for the machine, it is designed in such a way that the change in the curvature of the helical line within one revolution is minimized with the inclination of the face face predetermined by the soil conditions (rock parameters). This reduces the demands on the mobility of the machine.
- the vertices of the movement do not have to lie on the roof and bottom of the tunnel.
- slot width (tee width) during one revolution
- curvatures in the course of the tunnel can be realized.
- either the tee width of the machine is increased or decreased, or if the tee width is constant, part of the support layer produced in the previous cycle is removed again by the machine.
- the material excavated during the production of the slot is transported to the working face by suitable devices. If necessary, an outbreak to the working face is created. The eruption can run along with the machine 14 producing the slot and can be produced by the machine itself or by a separate device. Due to the outbreak, the material, energy and signal transport takes place.
- the device 14 producing the slot in the rock can be simply moved from the loading surface of a transport device, e.g. B. a truck, if it is only ensured that the machine finds an abutment there. From there it works its way into the rock, then works towards the tunnel circumference and starts its regular work there.
- a transport device e.g. B. a truck
- the slot 15 is preferably filled with concrete immediately after the slot has been dug. Concrete can be conveyed into the free slot either from the working face or from the rear of the machine that produces the slot. Fast curing concrete can be used, it sets within seconds.
- the support layer If the support layer is to be used for the load-bearing capacity of the future tunnel, the support layer must be created at the location of the tunnel contour. Other precautionary safeguards of conventional tunnel construction, such as pledges or skewers, which do not contribute to the load-bearing capacity of the future tunnel, can be omitted.
- the concrete placed in the slot sets within a few seconds and is additionally held by a formwork that moves along, so that it does not flow through the excavation into the tunnel.
- the tunnel 10 can then be driven forward continuously, for example in such a way that the working face 16 is in each case dismantled in its sector located in front of the machine 14 producing the slot.
- the face can be dismantled with conventional tunnel excavators or with a partial cutting machine.
- the dismantling runs synchronously with the production of the support layer or the support ring, but at different times so that the removal of the working face takes place in the protection of the support body. It may be necessary to divide the working face into several parts and to move the excavator spatially. Any overcuts required for the slot machine supply device can be made by removing the working face.
- the working of the working face can take place in the tunnel driving direction until shortly before or exactly at the front edge of the support layer produced (FIG. 5A). However, it can also be driven somewhat further, for example depending on the rock (FIG. 5B), but not more than 40% of the working width of the device 14 producing the slot. Then it is not necessary to close the machine 14 producing the slot via an outbreak supply. Rather, its end on the face of the face is then visible and more or less freely accessible.
- a device is described below that can be used to carry out individual of the above-mentioned method steps. It can be used as a single device or as several, more or less independently working Devices be trained. A first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 6.
- the device has various components: the material-removing tool 61 is located on its end face, behind it is a device 62 with which the removed material is conveyed out of the slot. In addition, it has a locomotion device 68, 71, possibly a concreting device 64 and a control unit 65.
- the material-removing tool 61 is preferably connected to the machine 14 in a controllably movable manner, so that it can be pivoted or moved in all directions necessary for producing the slot 15. Possibly.
- the device can have a sealing device 66 which separates the area of the slot generation from the area of the locomotive device and the slot filling.
- the tool can be designed in such a way that it is able to produce a slot 15 which is thicker over the entire slot width or a part thereof than the supporting layer 13 to be created. Because of the supporting layer thus produced in the previous cycle resulting overlap creates an access 81 from the slot to the room in front of the working face. This access enables the machine to be supplied with media, the removal of the removed material and the articulation by the arm 72.
- the removed material can be conveyed directly into the space in front of the working face through the access 81 created by means of the overcut.
- the access 81 created by means of the overcut.
- the overlap is in the middle of the abrasive tools, it creates a recess towards the inside of the tunnel through which supply lines can be led.
- access can also be created by a tool attached to arm 72.
- the feed force for the tool 61 is transmitted to the tool via the articulation device 67.
- the reaction force must be taken over by the unit, which also enables the machine to move.
- a preferred embodiment is the absorption of the reaction force and the advancement of the machine as a whole by means of an arm 72 (FIG. 7), which starts and is moved from a carrier device 73 standing in front of the working face.
- the supply lines from and to the machine can also be guided in the slot via this arm 72.
- An articulation of the tool unit 14 on the arm 72 enables movement in all spatial directions, regardless of the movement of the carrier device 73.
- the device can have a concreting device for filling the trenched slot 13 with concrete.
- the integrated embodiment is described below.
- the concreting device 64 consists, among other things, of a concreting screed 69 which separates the device from the slot already filled with concrete.
- formwork 70 can be dragged along on the later inside of the support ring. This is shown schematically in FIG. 6.
- a nozzle is preferably provided for the introduction of the concrete, up to which the components of the concrete are required to be dry. Water and possibly additives are added to the nozzle.
- the concreting device can also be a separately provided, conventional device.
- a preferred embodiment of the material-removing tools 61 is a milling device. It can consist of several units. The units facing the sides of the machine mill both on the front and on the circumference. The milling machine pointing towards the already made support ring ensures a good bond between the fresh concrete and the set by profiling the same. The milling head pointing in the tunnel drive direction can be moved in this direction. This makes it possible to widen the slot. Varying the width of the slit in the course of a round trip makes it possible to corner or climb or descend the tunnel. At least one other milling cutter, which only mills on the circumference, can also be moved in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and, together with the other two, ensures that material is removed over the entire required slot width.
- Another preferred embodiment of the material-removing tools are two counter-rotating cutters, the axes of rotation of which are approximately radial to the tunnel axis. They offer the advantage that they have minimal reaction forces across
- Machine longitudinal direction and can also serve as a conveyor unit with a suitable direction of rotation.
- Another preferred embodiment is a snail. This is also able not only to remove but also to promote. In connection with a screw geometry that creates an overcut on the side facing the existing tunnel, the removed material can be conveyed directly in front of the working face.
- the material-removing tool 61 is driven by a suitable drive (not shown), for example a hydraulic or electric motor, which is located in the immediate vicinity of the tool.
- the material-removing tool creates a continuous machining front across its width.
- the tool width generally extends approximately parallel to the direction of tunnel advance. Guide and suspension of the tool do not protrude from this processing front on any side.
- the supply lines 67 are therefore flange-mounted in laterally located areas, but nevertheless from the underside (facing the inside of the tunnel in use).
- the material can be removed with or without a transport medium. Air and water are preferred transport media. Possible mechanical conveyors are e.g. Brushes or snails.
- the counterforce is generated by the machine body 14 itself, which is supported in the surrounding floor by means of suitable devices 68.
- the device according to the invention then works mechanically decoupled from devices in front of the working face. Only the supply and discharge lines are still necessary.
- the support can take place via hydraulic presses or struts (anchors). By using several links for support, the machine's advance can be decoupled from the feed on the tool. This enables continuous degradation.
- the tool 61 is pushed forward from the clamped base body of the device. This feed can take place via hydraulic, pneumatic or motor-operated devices.
- the machine is preferably supported in such a way that it does not load the face 16 in a manner which endangers the stability of the face. It can be braced laterally against the already produced support layer 13 and the mountains 11 or braced up and down against the mountains or braced against the inserted concrete to the rear or in a combination of the possibilities mentioned.
- An embodiment is also possible in which the necessary driving forces and forces for moving the machine are applied in a combination of support in the mountain and the linkage from the outside.
- the machine is divided into several segments. With a machine height of approx. 200 mm, these segments can be up to approx. 1000 mm long in a tunnel with a diameter of approx. 6000 mm and a length of approx. 6000 mm.
- the processing width of the machine is approx. 1 m - 2 m.
- the feed segment consists of at least two links which are connected to one another with lifting devices 71.
- the machine is moved forward like a worm by alternately tightening and loosening the individual links.
- the lifting devices 71 can be, for example, four hydraulic cylinders. By extending the individual cylinders for different lengths, the links of the feed segment can be tilted towards each other. This makes it possible to move in any spatial direction, in particular along the circumference of the tunnel. In the preferred embodiment with its own propulsion, the production of an additional shaft is conceivable synchronously with the generation of the slot.
- the shaft runs parallel to the helix of the slot and is offset from the tunnel axis hm.
- the supply lines can be routed in this shaft. To a certain extent, this enables the decoupling of the manufacture of the leading safety device from the removal of the face.
- the machine can be secured against the entry of material, in particular in the area of the locomotion device 68, 71. This is done, for example, with the aid of a cover, the shape and length of which can be changed so that it adapts to the change in length or twisting of the machine in the construction process, for example by folding or in the form of a sheet metal which is adapted by means of a roller mechanism.
- a heavy crawler excavator basic device can be used as the carrier device 73. If the device cannot stand on the young sole concrete due to its great weight, the sole is repeatedly filled with excavated material after the slot has been created.
- the device can be modified so that both the removal tool and, depending on the method, the cable harness or the arm 72 for the slot machine 14 can be attached.
- the removal tool (75) must alternatively be connectable to the slotting machine on both sides of the arm (42).
- a shotcrete device can be provided on the carrier device 73, with the aid of which a Ingress of water or failure of the working face can be quickly secured.
- a follower 81 can be provided as the support unit, which is supported on the circumference of the existing tunnel.
- the arm 72 which guides the machine and possibly drives it forward, is attached to this follower.
- the arm can move around the entire circumference.
- the trailer consists of a steel frame 82 which is movable in the feed direction and which adapts to the respective tunnel cross section. This is done with steel profiles of different radii, which are extended with lifting devices.
- a platform 83 is provided in the trailer, the position of which in the tunnel can be changed in all spatial directions. Excavators or partial cutting machines can stand on it, which can reach all areas of large tunnel cross-sections with the help of this lifting device.
- the trailer can take over the task of resistance to expansion as long as the support material (e.g. concrete) in the support layer 13 has set but has not yet reached its full load-bearing capacity.
- the support material e.g. concrete
- a groove can be made using appropriate formwork. This groove then serves as the reference point for the machine in the next round.
- the locomotive of the slitting machine 14 takes place, if it works independently of a carrier device, either remotely or fully automatically.
- the remote control can be carried out, for example, by a worker who observes the progress of work standing in front of the working face and accordingly moves the slitting machine 14 further via a wired or wireless remote control.
- a suitable navigation system must be provided, on the basis of which the Slot machine 14 can orient in space.
- Possible technical aids for measurement and control technology include gyroscopes, laser devices, optical components for using laser light or inclinometers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19633056 | 1996-08-16 | ||
DE19633056 | 1996-08-16 | ||
DE19650330A DE19650330A1 (en) | 1996-08-16 | 1996-12-04 | Process and device in tunnel construction |
DE19650330 | 1996-12-04 | ||
PCT/EP1997/004418 WO1998007961A1 (en) | 1996-08-16 | 1997-08-14 | Tunnelling process and device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0918921A1 true EP0918921A1 (en) | 1999-06-02 |
EP0918921B1 EP0918921B1 (en) | 2003-01-15 |
Family
ID=26028480
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97918982A Expired - Lifetime EP0918921B1 (en) | 1996-08-16 | 1997-08-14 | Tunnelling process and device |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6315496B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0918921B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002513452A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1083050C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE231212T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4299197A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2263299A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE19780877D2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2192266T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1024283A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998007961A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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CN102061923A (en) * | 2010-11-28 | 2011-05-18 | 山东科技大学 | Tunnel construction method capable of protecting existing building |
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CN100491693C (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2009-05-27 | 植村技研工业株式会社 | Construction method for underground structure |
AT507495B1 (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2010-08-15 | Sandvik Mining & Constr Oy | POWER OR MACHINE |
CN103334769A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-10-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Cross building block wall supporting method for reinforcing empty roadway of advanced working face |
CN105298517A (en) * | 2015-11-21 | 2016-02-03 | 中铁二十局集团第二工程有限公司 | Soft and weak wall rock tunnel advance reinforced support construction method |
CN107965326A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-27 | 中铁三局集团广东建设工程有限公司 | Subway super large bored tunnel cubic meter of stone mechanically combining excavation construction method |
CN108798684B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2019-12-03 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | A kind of method of completely decomposed fine sand stratum tunnel excavation |
CN113153414B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2023-02-28 | 西南交通大学 | Disposal measure for gas tunnel to penetrate through underlying coal seam goaf and construction method thereof |
CN113006147B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2023-05-16 | 中建泰基城市建设集团有限公司 | Automatic plastering device for inner wall of round manhole |
CN113006146B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2023-03-21 | 郑州航空工业管理学院 | Device is paintd to circle cloudy well inner wall concrete |
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DE3921920A1 (en) * | 1989-07-04 | 1991-01-10 | Eickhoff Geb | TUNNEL DRIVE AND REMOVAL DEVICE |
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DE4103847A1 (en) * | 1991-02-08 | 1992-08-13 | Eickhoff Geb | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR LINING LONG-STRETCHED OPENINGS WITH CIRCULAR AND NON-CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTIONS, ESPECIALLY FOR CHANNEL AND TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION |
FR2679295B1 (en) * | 1991-07-17 | 1997-11-14 | Perforex | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE IN SITU CONCRETE OF A UNDERGROUND SINGLE AND CORRESPONDING CUTTING BLADE. |
IT1257701B (en) | 1991-10-25 | 1996-02-01 | Trevi Spa | IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE COVERING OF A GALLERY AND EQUIPMENT SUITABLE FOR THE PURPOSE. |
IT1256533B (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1995-12-07 | Trevi Spa | EQUIPMENT FOR THE EXCAVATION OF GALLERIES. |
FR2711179B1 (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1996-01-05 | Bouygues Sa | Method of cutting by successive grooves, in particular for making a vault or a pre-vault. |
GB9402665D0 (en) * | 1994-02-11 | 1994-04-06 | Dosco Overseas Eng Ltd | Tunnelling machine |
-
1997
- 1997-08-14 ES ES97918982T patent/ES2192266T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-14 AT AT97918982T patent/ATE231212T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-08-14 DE DE19780877T patent/DE19780877D2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-08-14 WO PCT/EP1997/004418 patent/WO1998007961A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-08-14 EP EP97918982A patent/EP0918921B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-14 CN CN97198820A patent/CN1083050C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-08-14 US US09/242,104 patent/US6315496B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-08-14 CA CA002263299A patent/CA2263299A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-08-14 AU AU42991/97A patent/AU4299197A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-08-14 JP JP51036298A patent/JP2002513452A/en active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-04-27 HK HK00102545A patent/HK1024283A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9807961A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102061923A (en) * | 2010-11-28 | 2011-05-18 | 山东科技大学 | Tunnel construction method capable of protecting existing building |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2002513452A (en) | 2002-05-08 |
CN1233311A (en) | 1999-10-27 |
US6315496B1 (en) | 2001-11-13 |
CA2263299A1 (en) | 1998-02-26 |
DE19780877D2 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
ES2192266T3 (en) | 2003-10-01 |
AU4299197A (en) | 1998-03-06 |
WO1998007961A1 (en) | 1998-02-26 |
CN1083050C (en) | 2002-04-17 |
HK1024283A1 (en) | 2000-10-05 |
ATE231212T1 (en) | 2003-02-15 |
EP0918921B1 (en) | 2003-01-15 |
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