EP0918910B1 - Supporting wooden panel element for constructing ceilings or bridges - Google Patents

Abstract

In a wooden panel element (1) for ceiling structures or for bridge construction there is provided a plurality of boards (25) standing on edge perpendicular to the plane of the panel element (1) and running along the entire length thereof, which boards are joined together by screw fastenings. The individual boards (25) are joined together at least partly by screws (27) driven at an acute angle to the surface thereof, each of these screws (27) passing through two successive boards (25). Also provided close to the upper edge (30) and the lower edge (31) of the boards (25) are screws (28) driven at right angles to the surface (26) of the boards (25).

Description

The invention relates to a supporting plate element made of wood for ceiling structures or for bridge construction, consisting of a multitude of transverse to the plane of the plate element upright and preferably leading over the entire length of the plate element individual layers of boards, which are connected by screw fasteners are.

The oldest and best known way of fastening stacks of boards is by nailing. In the The forces between the boards are sheared by nailing and nailing transferred between the nail and the wood by embrasure pressure. That kind of connection is relatively soft and therefore of limited effectiveness. Previous applications of screwed stacks of boards have hitherto been based on an analogous mode of action, i.e. Shear off and perforation pressure.

Load-bearing plate elements have already become known (US-A-1 944 237), in which a large number of upright boards through tie rods passing through all boards is interconnected. In addition, the individual boards are mutual provisional bracket when building such a stack connected by nails. In the so-called transversely prestressed board stacks, the forces between the Individual boards are transferred by friction, which requires constant contact pressure. The Therefore, transverse preload must always be guaranteed up to a certain level. There Wood tends to shrink and creep, must always be taken care that the Tension rods can be retightened.

With such a supporting plate element made of wood, it is essential that the individual layers are mutually firmly supported by boards or are firmly pressed against each other, to better absorb the load. It should be noted with this known version that by tension rods only a certain number of upright boards can be connected together to form a plate element. So it's not possible any width of such plate elements, e.g. for use in ceiling constructions or when building bridges, so that then individual plate elements next to each other be arranged, which are no longer connected. There are also other versions for nailed, beam-shaped wooden members (DE-C-842 709) and for board stacking elements (DE-A-195 13 729), in which individual boards through Nail and / or screw connections are connected to one another to form an element.

In another known connection of several boards to a board stack (US-A-2,439,655) a type of screw is used that extends across two or more extend as two boards to be joined together. These screws will be inserted at right angles to the corresponding surface of the boards.

The present invention has now set itself the task of a load-bearing plate element to create from wood of the type mentioned, which is of any length or width can be, the load on this plate element on individual layers of Transmit board impact forces to the greatest possible width of the plate element can be.

According to the invention it is proposed that the individual boards at least partially by acute-angled to their surface and at least approximately in a transverse to the longitudinal extent of the plate element in the lying plane, screws are screwed together are connected, which lead over at least two successive boards.

Through these measures according to the invention it is achieved that the forces that occur with punctiform or small-area loading of such a plate element on a large number Adjacent layers of boards can be transferred because of the acute angle screwed screws the successive layers of boards so to speak hook-shaped are interconnected. In addition, by using screws, that the successive layers of boards are effectively held against each other and are supported. Therefore, even if the natural product shrinks or expands Wood no change in the mutual fastening of the boards necessary since these always remain in a close and intensive connection to each other. Because of the special The arrangement of the screws should primarily be in the longitudinal direction, i.e. on train or Pressure and thus a high effectiveness in terms of load capacity and Ensure rigidity.

It is further proposed that in successive boards or in every other board Screws with intersecting directions in spaced, transverse to each other the levels lying on the boards are turned. This measure guarantees that straight in these fastening areas, every layer of a board practically on both sides is hook-shaped hooked on the next board to apply great forces to one to be able to transfer a large area of a plate element.

In addition to this special mutual attachment for extensive transmission by forces to create additional fastenings between the individual boards, it is proposed that in addition to the turned at an acute angle to the surface of the boards Screws in further screws inserted at right angles to the surface of the boards are, which each lead over at least three successive boards. Through this additionally screwed in is achieved that a connection of the successive Layers of boards are almost like a half-timbering, because that is the acute angle and the screws screwed in at right angles complement each other.

In this context, it is advantageous if they are perpendicular to the surface of the boards screwed screws are alternately screwed into every other board and over each run three layers of boards. This is the possibility of a comprehensive one again and again Attachment between the individual boards given, for example, the acute angle turned Screws over two boards and the screws screwed in at right angles over each run three layers of boards. It can therefore provide optimal power transmission large areas of the plate element made of wood.

In an advantageous embodiment it is provided that in a predetermined grid dimension one after the other and in pairs at two levels a short distance apart Screws arranged at an acute angle and at right angles to the surface of the boards are. As a result, two are practically always at certain intervals short distance successive fastener planes created, so the optimal mutual connection of the boards and the possibility of mutual power transmission to achieve.

In this context, it is advantageous that the screws in one of the grid dimensions Layers always turned in at an acute angle and in the other Plane are inclined at an acute angle in the other direction, with on each surface of Boards per grid dimension, two screws crossing each other are screwed in, which, however in the successive levels with a short distance. When building the Plate element are therefore practically always two screws at a short distance adjacent levels turned in at an acute angle, once diagonally from above downwards and once from below diagonally upwards. In this case, so to speak, side by side There are always two fastening levels in the manner of trusses, which are optimal mutual connection of the individual boards to a panel element and the optimal Ensure transmission of forces.

It is particularly advantageous in terms of the formation of truss-like fastening levels if in one level in the corresponding grid dimension in relation to the length of the plate element in each case in one direction at an acute angle and further turned in near the top and bottom of the board at right angles to the surface of the boards Screws are provided. This is practically transverse to the longitudinal extent of a plate element seen upper and lower tension or compression elements and formed by intermediate, Screws inclined at an acute angle. Since the two Cross the screws that have been screwed in at an acute angle, they are immediately adjacent to one another following levels per grid dimension created two interacting support areas.

It is advantageous and also in terms of assembly if the angle is inclined at an acute angle Surface of the board screwed screws with the surface an angle of approximately Include 45 ° so that they cross each other in the closely adjacent planes Screws are arranged at right angles to each other. This can be the optimal way the mutual power transmission between the successive boards achieved become.

An advantageous embodiment provides that in every second of the successive Boards are screwed in at right angles to the surface of the board, whereby the screw screwed into every other board at right angles to the surface each of the other, which is associated with a close spaced level. This offers the possibility that the screws which are screwed in at right angles to the surface of one another in each case in the immediately adjacent levels by a corresponding one Cross over dimension without a continuous fastening is provided. The right angle Screws screwed in to the surface form a kind over the entire width of the plate element continuous clamping element of the known type, but here only short Screws are used, which lie alternately parallel to each other at their ends spread. In this way, however, they are continuous across the entire width of the load-bearing Plate element guided.

A particularly advantageous embodiment is given when it is at an acute angle to the surface screws screwed in and perpendicular to the surface of the boards screwed screws have the same length, the screwed in at an acute angle Screw each over two adjacent boards and the one perpendicular to the surface of the Boards screwed screws are each guided over three successive boards. These measures only require one screw to be executed both for acute-angled screwing in and for screwing in at right angles to the surface can be used. Since only a single fastener is necessary, it is the assembly of the plate element is made considerably easier.

A particularly advantageous embodiment for the assembly of the plate element sees before that in each case in the central area of the grid dimension and also based on the height of the plate element Fixing screws for temporary mutual fixation of successive Boards are screwed in. The fixing screws provided here hold them together following boards until the screws are screwed in at an acute angle and at right angles to the surface are placed. These fixing screws provided as assembly aids remain in the load-bearing plate element, but have none on the load-bearing capacity of the plate element Influence.

Fig. 1

einen Schnitt durch einen Teilaufbau einer mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Plattenelement gebildeten Brücke;

Fig. 2

eine Schrägsicht eines Teilabschnittes eines Plattenelementes;

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt durch den gesamten Aufbau einer mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Plattenelement hergestellten Brücke;

Fig. 4

einen Vertikalschnitt durch das Plattenelement quer zur Längsrichtung der Bretter mit schematisch dargestellter Anordnung der eingesetzten Schrauben;

Fig. 5

eine Ansicht der Oberfläche eines eingesetzten Brettes mit schematisch dargestellter Anordnung der eingesetzten Schrauben;

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht auf einen Abschnitt eines Plattenelementes, wobei schematisch rechtwinklig zur Oberfläche der Bretter eingedrehte Schrauben dargestellt sind;

Fig. 7

eine gleiche Draufsicht auf einen Abschnitt des Plattenelementes, wobei die spitzwinklig eingedrehten Schrauben schematisch dargestellt sind;

Fig. 8

einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Teilbereich des Plattenelementes mit einer eingesetzten, rechtwinklig zur Oberfläche eines Brettes eingedrehten Schraube;

Fig. 9

einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein Plattenelement im Bereich von spitzwinklig zur Oberfläche der Bretter eingedrehten Schrauben.

Further features according to the invention and special advantages are explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

a section through a partial structure of a bridge formed with the plate element according to the invention;

Fig. 2

an oblique view of a portion of a plate member;

Fig. 3

a section through the entire structure of a bridge made with the plate element according to the invention;

Fig. 4

a vertical section through the plate element transverse to the longitudinal direction of the boards with a schematically illustrated arrangement of the screws used;

Fig. 5

a view of the surface of an inserted board with a schematically illustrated arrangement of the screws used;

Fig. 6

a plan view of a portion of a plate element, wherein screws are shown schematically at right angles to the surface of the boards;

Fig. 7

a same plan view of a portion of the plate element, wherein the acute-angled screws are shown schematically;

Fig. 8

a vertical section through a portion of the plate element with an inserted, screwed in at right angles to the surface of a board;

Fig. 9

a vertical section through a plate element in the range of screws screwed in at an acute angle to the surface of the boards.

1 and 3, a possible construction of a bridge made of wood is shown. The bridge plate is formed by a supporting plate element 1 made of wood, its structure and construction will be explained in more detail below. A moist is placed on the plate element 1 Insulation 2, over which the bridge covering 3 is then laid, applied. The scrapboard 4 is also made of wood. On this scrap board 4 and on the side edges of the plate element 1 railing posts 5 are fixed by screws 6 and 7. On the Railing post 5, a handrail 8, which can also consist of wood, is applied and fastened by screws 9. The handrail 8 can additionally have a copper cover 10 exhibit. In Fig. 3 a section through such a bridge is shown in its longitudinal extent. Thresholds 13 made of wood are placed on corresponding foundation parts 11, 12. Support beams 16 are supported via corresponding uprights 14 and struts 15. The actual beam 18 forming the support can be wedge 17 in height be adjusted. The plate element 1 then lies on the beam 18. To appropriate Connection bar 19 joins the further road. By standing upright Screeds 20 create a demarcation from the solid material, with a corresponding one Backfill 21, a Auskofferung 22 and one placed on a foundation 23 Final threshold a corresponding delimitation from the attached part to the bridging stream bed.

The load-bearing plate element 1 according to the present invention is not only for bridge construction applicable, but also for ceiling constructions and of course, if necessary, also for the creation of walls or the like. Each plate element consists of one Variety of upright and preferably transverse to the plane of the plate element Individual layers of boards 25 leading over the entire length of the plate element 1. Maximum strengths are achieved when the boards run the entire length of the Plate element are executed continuously. For certain applications - especially for longer elements - but it would also be possible to use continuous or instead of part or all of it only part of the length of the plate element to provide continuous boards, which are then connected accordingly become. So it would also be possible to provide a variety of shorter elements that however, overlap again and again in the individual layers. It is within the scope of the invention quite possible, in addition to the screw fasteners adhesives, e.g. Glue. However, this is thanks to the measures for mutual connection according to the invention the boards 25 to a plate element is not necessary.

The measures according to the invention now lie in the special fastening of the individual Boards 25 to form the supporting plate element made of wood. The individual boards 25 are connected to one another by screws 27 screwed in at an acute angle to their surface, these at an angle screwed at least approximately in one lie transverse to the longitudinal extent of the plate element 1 plane. In the operational situation the screws 27 are thus inclined from top to bottom or from bottom to top turned in. As can be seen from the schematic illustration in FIG. 4, The screws 27 extend over at least two successive boards 25 following boards 25 or if necessary only in every other board 25 are screws with intersecting directions in spaced, transverse to the boards 25 Levels 29 and 39 turned in.

In addition to the screws 27 screwed in at an acute angle to the surface 26 of the boards 25 additional screws 28 are provided, each over at least three successive Guide boards 25 and are inserted at right angles to the surface 26. Here are the screws 28, as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 4 and 6, arranged so that these are alternately screwed into every second board 25 and each over three layers of Boards 25 lead. In a predetermined grid dimension R in succession and in two at a short distance A from each other, planes 29, 39 are in pairs acute angles and screws 27 screwed in at right angles to the surface 26 of the boards 25 or 28 provided.

Regarding FIG. 7, it should be noted that the orientations shown there are acute-angled screwed screws 27 are chosen for the sake of clarity. The Screws 27 would practically lie in one plane in one direction when viewed from above and therefore arranged one above the other in this view, so that a clear interpretation is impossible would. 7 was chosen to make it clear that that the screws 27 screwed in at an acute angle to the surface 26 in this embodiment run over two boards and start practically from the surface of each board are used.

The screws 27 lying in one of the two levels 29, 39 are always in one direction screwed in at an acute angle and the screws lying in the other plane 29, 39 inclined at an acute angle in the other direction. Thus on each surface 26 of Boards 25 per pitch R each provided two screws 27 which cross each other however, they lie in the planes 29 and 39 which follow one another at a short distance A.

In a respective plane 29 or 39 in the corresponding grid dimension R are based on the Length of the plate element 1 in each case in one direction at an acute angle inclined screws 27 and also near the upper board edge 30 and the lower board edge 31 at right angles screws 28 are provided for the surface 26 of the boards 25. At the distance A practically a framework-like arrangement of screws 27 and 28 is created, so that an optimal mutual attachment and load distribution is possible. How in particular 4 and 9 show the close inclined to the surface 26 of the Boards 25 screwed screws 27 with the surface 26 an angle α of approximately 45 ° so that the intersecting one another in the closely successive planes 29, 39 Screws 27 are aligned at right angles to each other.

As specifically shown in Fig. 6, but also in Fig. 4, in every second one on the other screwed in the following boards 25 at right angles to the surface 26, screws 28, the screw 28 screwed into each second board 25 is the other, the one with a small one Distance A adjacent level 29 or 39 is assigned. The screws 28 therefore always overlap at their end areas, but this overlap with the distance A between the two planes 29, 39.

It is particularly advantageous that the screws 27 screwed in at an acute angle and those at right angles screwed screws 28 have the same length. The screwed in at an acute angle Screws pass over two adjacent boards 25 and the one screwed in at right angles Screws over three consecutive boards 25. The clear advantage However, is that for the application of the screws 27 and the use of the screws 28 always the same screws can be used. Therefore, when assembling one Such a plate element always requires only one type of screw, for which when building a bridge, additionally required screws if possible the same Construction and length is chosen.

The grid size is adjusted depending on the unsupported length of the plate element R, the distance A between the two levels 29 and 39 depending on the different conditions is customizable. Criteria for a special adjustment can be, for example, the Span of such a plate element, the particular load-bearing capacity of the plate element, the type of wood used, but also the type of screws used.

Fig. 5 shows that each in the central region of the grid dimension R and also based on the height H of the plate element 1 fixing screws 32 for temporary mutual fixation successive boards 25 are screwed. The fixing screws 32 form a kind Assembly aid in the manufacture of the plate element, i.e. the next board can each with the previous board or the section of the plate element that has already been manufactured be firmly connected at certain intervals, with which the screws are screwed in 27 and 28 is facilitated. Of course, the fixing screws do not always have to be in the middle area a grid dimension and be arranged in the middle area in relation to the height H. It is only ensured that the fixing screws 32 are not in the area or near the Levels 29 and 39 are located.

8 and 9, a special embodiment of screws 27 and 28, respectively. On a shaft 33, two sections 34 and 35 are different Diameter provided, each provided with a threaded portion 36, 37 are. Both thread sections have the same thread pitch. This results in there is no mutual displacement of the successive boards when screwing in 25. In addition, there is a guarantee that a possible destruction of the thread section 36 manufactured thread is prevented by the threaded portion 37. In this context, it makes sense if the section 35 with the larger diameter an at least approximately corresponding to the external thread diameter of the section 34 Has core diameter. It is also possible that the threaded sections 36 and 37 have the same thread pitch, but need not over the whole Length of the screw there must be an exact continuous thread.

If no sections 34, 35 with different diameters, but at least in the If two threaded sections were present in the end regions, then these threaded sections would have to be be exactly matched to each other, so that the thread section that follows later engages exactly starting with the thread already formed by the first thread section. In the case of a shaft 33 with a constant diameter and a continuous diameter Thread it is in itself clear that the same thread pitch is present throughout. On it would also be conceivable that the two threaded sections 36 and 37 a little have different thread pitch, for example the threaded portion 37 would have a slightly smaller thread pitch. With one Design could additionally be effected that the two successive boards be pulled against each other accordingly and thus pressed against each other.

At the free end of the section 35 with a larger diameter is an internal attack 38 for a Driving tool trained. Such a screw 27 or 28 therefore has no the thread protruding head, so that no special forces are required to the Arrange screw sunk on the surface of the respective board. If the screws to be sunk only a little, it is also possible to tighten screws with a larger head use, which allow a better attack by the insertion tools. Such For example, screws can be equipped with a countersunk head.

Within the scope of the invention it would also be possible to have more than two sections 34, 35 different Arrange the shaft diameter consecutively if this is still one better connection and mutual support of the successive boards 25 would contribute.

It would also be conceivable to have only one plane 29 or 39 of screws 27, 28 per grid dimension R. to be provided, in which case the screws 27, which are screwed in at an acute angle, at every second grid dimension R are inclined in the other direction.

The particular advantages of the present invention are that the assembly of a plate element can be done in a simple manner on the spot, the successive Boards of the plate element are always optimally supported against each other and thus always without the need to retighten screw connections best possible load distribution are operational.

Claims (11)

1. A load-bearing wooden panel element (1) for floor structures or for bridge building, comprising a plurality of individual layers of boards (25) disposed edgewise transversely to the plane of the panel element (1) and preferably extending over the entire length of the panel element (1), which are joined together by screw fastenings, characterised in that the individual boards (25) are joined together at least partly by screws (27) which are screwed in horizontally at an acute angle to their surface and at least approximately in a plane extending transversely to the longitudinal extension of the panel element (1), and which extend over at least two successive boards (25).
2. A panel element according to Claim 1, characterised in that screws (27) with intersecting directions are screwed into successive boards (25) or into every second board (25) in planes (29,39) succeeding one at a distance (A) and lying transversely to the boards (25).
3. A panel element according to Claim 1, characterised in that, in addition to the screws (27) screwed in at an acute angle to the surface (26) of the boards (25), further screws (28) are inserted at right angles to the surface (26) of the boards (25) and which, in each case, extend over at least three successive boards (25).
4. A panel element according to Claim 3, characterised in that the screws (28) screwed in at right angles to the surface (26) of the boards (25) are screwed in alternately into every second board (25) and in each case extend over three layers of boards (25).
5. A panel element according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that screws (27,28) screwed in in pairs at an acute angle and at right angles to the surface (26) of the boards (25) are arranged in a predetermined grid spacing (R) successively and in two planes (29,39) spaced at a small distance (A) apart.
6. A panel element according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the screws (27) are screwed in in one of the planes (29,39) lying in the grid spacing (R) always inclined at an acute angle in one direction and in the other plane (29,39) are inclined at an acute angle in the other direction, wherein on each surface (26) of boards (25) two mutually intersecting screws (28) are screwed in at the respective grid spacing (R), which screws, however, lie on the planes (29,39) succeeding one another at a small distance (A).
7. A panel element according to Claim 6, characterised in that screws (27) inclined at an acute angle are provided in a respective plane (29,39) at the corresponding grid spacing (R), in relation to the length of the panel element (1), in the respective direction and, additionally, near the top and bottom board edge (30,31) screws (28) are provided screwed in at right angles to the surface (26) of the boards (25).
8. A panel element according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the screws (28), which are screwed in inclined at an acute angle to the surface (26) of the boards (25), form with the surface (26) an angle (α) of approximately 45°so that the screws (27), which intersect one another in the planes (29,39) closely following one another, are disposed at right angles to one another.
9. A panel element according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that screws (28) are screwed into every second one of the successive boards (25) and are aligned at right angles to the surface (26) of the boards (25), wherein the screw (28) screwed in successively in each case into every second board (25) at right angles to the surface (26) is respectively associated with the other plane (29,39) situated beside it at a small distance (A) therefrom.
10. A panel element according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the screws (27) screwed in at an acute angle to the surface (26) of the boards (25) and the screws (28) screwed in at right angles to the surface (26) of the boards (25) are of the same length, wherein the screws (27) screwed in at an acute angle each extend over two adjacent boards (25) and the screws (28) screwed in at right angles to the surface (26) of the boards (25) each extend over three successive boards (25).
11. A panel element according to Claim 1 or any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that in the respective central region of the grid spacing (R) and also in relation to the height (H) of the panel element (1) fastening screws (32) are screwed in for the temporary mutual fastening of successive boards (25).

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