EP0916899B1 - Ceramic heating element as a cooking plate in a recess of a plane surface - Google Patents

Ceramic heating element as a cooking plate in a recess of a plane surface Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0916899B1
EP0916899B1 EP98119600A EP98119600A EP0916899B1 EP 0916899 B1 EP0916899 B1 EP 0916899B1 EP 98119600 A EP98119600 A EP 98119600A EP 98119600 A EP98119600 A EP 98119600A EP 0916899 B1 EP0916899 B1 EP 0916899B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
ceramic
cover
recess
element according
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EP98119600A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0916899A2 (en
EP0916899A3 (en
Inventor
Bernd Schultheis
Martin Taplan
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Schott AG
Carl Zeiss AG
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Carl Zeiss AG
Schott Glaswerke AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/10—Tops, e.g. hot plates; Rings
    • F24C15/102—Tops, e.g. hot plates; Rings electrically heated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical Heating element as a cooking zone with a very good heat-conducting ceramic as a carrier, in a recess in a surface made of glass ceramic, glass, Ceramic, metal or plastic.
  • Cooking appliances with glass ceramic cooking surfaces are known.
  • the heating The cooking zones for these devices are usually carried out in the area the cooking zones below the glass ceramic cooktop electric or gas powered heating devices.
  • the delayed is considered a disadvantage Heat dissipation through the plate to the material to be heated a correspondingly lower energy utilization (efficiency) of the heating medium and the resulting longer cooking time felt.
  • hob WO 96/09738 also has an electrical heating element for Object, which is an electrically insulating, heat-conducting carrier made of ceramics, in particular silicon nitride, and one attached to it electrically conductive layer provided with electrical contacts or film, the carrier being plate-shaped and thus solid is that it acts as a heat sink.
  • the high thermal conductivity of the ceramic material also prevents that Formation of multi-circuit cooking zones with those adapted to the cookware Diameters or roasting zones with independently switchable and controllable Zones that have been known for years with glass ceramic cooktops and are generally useful. Adjacent zones would because here they are heating each other up.
  • Cooking appliances whose cooking zones are made exclusively with ceramic hotplates very high heat conduction are formed, despite the above Advantages compared to cooking appliances with glass ceramic cooking surfaces or zones quite a number of disadvantages.
  • German utility model 297 02 418.3 which relates to a cooking appliance with a glass ceramic cooking surface with a plurality of cooking zones, at least one of which is designed as a rapid cooking zone, the cooking zones being essentially heatable by means of electrically operated heating devices and the rapid cooking zone by an into the glass ceramic cooking surface Integrated ceramic hot plate is formed, wherein the ceramic hot plate can consist of Si 3 N 4 or SiC.
  • the ceramic hotplate is either inserted directly into the glass ceramic cooking surface, or glued into a corresponding recess in the glass ceramic cooking surface by means of a silicone adhesive, or the ceramic cooking plate is inserted into a plate made of thermally insulating ceramic, metal or tempered glass and this in turn is inserted into a recess the glass ceramic cooktop.
  • Ceramic plates have a thermal expansion that should not be neglected. Since a ceramic hotplate expands during operation, high operating temperatures must not occur when joining with brittle materials such as glass ceramic, glass or ceramic. Alternatively, it can be glued with a permanently elastic material. But even these permanently elastic materials are only stable up to approx. 300 ° C. Furthermore, the quench resistance of the ceramic discs is typically around 300 K.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to present an arrangement in which an electric heating element as a cooking zone with an electrically insulating but very good heat-conducting ceramic as a carrier, in a recess Cooking surface made of glass ceramic or a surface made of glass or ceramic, metal or plastic is integrated without gluing, the arrangement being electrical safe, high temperature resistant (400 to 500 ° C) and tight against penetration of liquids inside the device.
  • the holder of the ceramic heating elements guaranteed by a simple clamping device.
  • a special one Sealing which in turn would limit the operating temperature, is included not absolutely necessary, because of the special shape, preferred Embodiment frustoconical or spherical segment-like bulges, the Liquid penetration between ceramic heating element and molded body is prevented.
  • the molded body is a prestressed one Glass or glass ceramic surface, all around in the edge area is bent upwards around the ceramic heating element.
  • the cutout is the bottom of the recess and cover located under the major plane of the surface formed in one piece from the surface itself by suitable shaping.
  • this cover is a separate part, in particular made of metal or plastic.
  • the cover either has openings, in particular Snap-in recordings, by means of which the fastening elements firmly connected to the heating element, in particular by means of latches of snap hooks, latching, are releasably firmly connected.
  • the cover has at least one Opening, by means of which the / the fixed to the heating element Fastening element / s, in particular by means of a screw nut and a Bolt as fastener, is / are releasably securely connected.
  • a combination of snap and screw connections can also be used for certain Orders are provided with success.
  • the fixed connection of the fastening element with the heating element preferably by means of a Braze joint reached.
  • Avoid area and cover is in the contact area between the ceramic support of the heating element and the surface and / or the covering another material, in particular also arranged as a seal.
  • the space between the bottom of the ceramic support of the heating element and the top of the recess downward-closing cover heat-insulating and / or electrical insulating materials, in this room also advantageously heating conductors, elec. Supply lines, cable strain reliefs and cable bushings arranged are.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically in supervision the arrangement of a hob 1 with a Shaped body 2 as a cooking surface made of glass ceramic and the integrated therein ceramic heating elements 3.
  • the shaped body can also be made as a surface a metallic material or a special temperature-resistant Plastic, e.g. B. made of duroplastic material (z. B. UP or MF) or thermoplastic Material (e.g. PEI, PPS, PES, PPA, PET, PBT).
  • the ceramic heating elements 3 usually consist of silicon nitride, Si 3 N 4, silicon carbide, SiC, more rarely aluminum oxide, Al 2 O 3 , or aluminum nitride, AIN, or corresponding mixed ceramics are applied to the heating conductors 4, which are electrically connected to corresponding supply lines 12 ,
  • FIG. 2 shows the usual installation situation in section, in which the ceramic heating elements 3 are glued into the molded body, usually a prestressed glass or glass ceramic surface, by means of silicone 13.
  • the silicone adhesive 13 currently limits the operating temperature to max. 250 ° C.
  • Other adhesives are not used due to their insufficient permanent elastic properties.
  • CERAN® ⁇ ⁇ 0.2. 10 -6 / K
  • Si 3 N 4 ⁇ ⁇ 3.5. 10 -6 / K
  • FIG. 3 shows in section a preferred embodiment according to the Invention.
  • the ceramic heating element 3 with the printed heating conductors 4 overlaps the circumferentially upwardly curved edge region 2a of FIG Glass or glass ceramic hob 2.
  • 7 is a screw bolt 8 on the ceramic Heating element attached through an opening of a plate-shaped plate or Plastic part 5 protrudes.
  • the plate-shaped cover 5 is by means of a washer 10 and a nut 11 held.
  • cover 5 is made of plastic, this offers the advantage that Cable strain relief 5a and cable bushings 5b already in the manufacturing process can be molded.
  • an intermediate layer is required in the contact area 5d not to damage the underside if the molded body 2 is brittle Materials such as glass, glass ceramics or ceramics is made.
  • the cavity is between the heating element 3 and cover 5 by means of an insulating material 14 lined.
  • Figure 4 shows another example of such an arrangement, in which the ceramic Heating element 3 with the heating conductors 4 directly on the edge of the molded body 2 is made of heat-resistant glass or glass ceramic.
  • the connection to cover 5 is in this case by means of one or more snap hooks 15 made of spring steel, using a hard solder connection 7 on the underside are attached to the ceramic heating element.
  • the latch 15a protrudes through the corresponding opening 5c, whereby one, opposite the State of the art, very inexpensive installation.
  • the molded body 2 is made of plastic and also a circumferential bulge 2b has on its top, on which the heating element 3 rests.
  • the average tapered pad prevents too good heat conduction.
  • additional Insulating materials e.g. B. graphite-containing layer materials and / or ceramic fiber materials further lower the contact temperature for the plastic.
  • the ceramic heating elements 3 with their Latching hooks 15 are used as shaped bodies in directly formed carrier plates 2 can be. Due to the manufacturing processes, usually injection molding or hot pressing, such carrier plates 2 can already have reinforcing ribs 2c, bottom part 2d, cable openings 2e and locking receptacles 2f in one Step.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Heizelement als Kochzone mit einer sehr gut wärmeleitenden Keramik als Träger, in einer Aussparung einer Fläche aus Glaskeramik, Glas, Keramik, Metall oder Kunststoff.The present invention relates to an electrical Heating element as a cooking zone with a very good heat-conducting ceramic as a carrier, in a recess in a surface made of glass ceramic, glass, Ceramic, metal or plastic.

Kochgeräte mit Glaskeramikkochflächen sind bekannt. Die Beheizung der Kochzonen erfolgt bei diesen Geräten in der Regel mittels im Bereich der Kochzonen unterhalb der Glaskeramikkochfläche angeordneter elektrisch oder gasbetriebener Beheizungseinrichtungen. Dies können z.B. elektrisch betriebene Kontakt- oder Strahlungsheizelemente oder aber auch Gasstrahlungsbrenner sein. Als nachteilig wird die verzögerte Wärmeabgabe durch die Platte hindurch an das zu erhitzende Gut mit einer dementsprechend geringeren Energieausnutzung (Wirkungsgrad) des Heizmediums und daraus resultierend eine längere Ankochdauer empfunden.Cooking appliances with glass ceramic cooking surfaces are known. The heating The cooking zones for these devices are usually carried out in the area the cooking zones below the glass ceramic cooktop electric or gas powered heating devices. You can e.g. electrically operated contact or radiant heating elements or but also be gas radiation burners. The delayed is considered a disadvantage Heat dissipation through the plate to the material to be heated a correspondingly lower energy utilization (efficiency) of the heating medium and the resulting longer cooking time felt.

Die Verwendung von elektrischen Heizelementen als Kochzonen bzw. Kochplatten mit einer elektrisch isolierenden, aber sehr gut wärmeleitenden Keramik als Träger bei Elektrokochgeräten ist an sich bekannt, beibeispielsweise aus der EP 0 069 298 B1. In dieser Schrift wird u.a. auf die aufgrund seiner hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit und geringen thermischen Ausdehnung sowie gleichzeitig hohen Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit besondere Eignung von Siliziumnitrid als Kochplattenmaterial hingewiesen. Gemäß dieser Europäischen Patentschrift besitzt das Material eine hohe mechanische Festigkeit und kann daher als dünne Platte ausgebildet werden. Hieraus resultiert eine geringe Wärmekapazität der Platte, so dass auch eine schnelle trägheitslose Regulierbarkeit der Wärmezufuhr gewährleistet ist. Dort ist das Heizelement in ein zusätzliches Blechbauteil geklebt, das in die Aussparung der Fläche, Herdmulde eingesetzt ist Die WO 96/09738 hat ebenfalls ein elektrisches Heizelement zum Gegenstand, das einen elektrisch isolierenden, wärmeleitenden Träger aus Keramik, insbesondere aus Siliziumnitrid, und eine darauf angebrachte elektrisch leitende, mit elektrischen Kontakten versehene Schicht oder Folie aufweist, wobei der Träger plattenförmig und so massiv ausgebildet ist, dass er als Wärmesenke wirkt. The use of electrical heating elements as cooking zones or Hot plates with an electrically insulating but very good heat conductor Ceramic as a carrier in electric cooking appliances is known per se, for example from EP 0 069 298 B1. In this document, i.a. on the due to its high thermal conductivity and low thermal Expansion as well as high resistance to temperature changes particular suitability of silicon nitride as hotplate material indicated. According to this European patent specification, the material has a high mechanical strength and can therefore be designed as a thin plate become. This results in a low heat capacity of the plate, so that also a quick inertia-free controllability of the heat supply is guaranteed. There the heating element is in an additional sheet metal component glued, which is inserted into the recess of the surface, hob WO 96/09738 also has an electrical heating element for Object, which is an electrically insulating, heat-conducting carrier made of ceramics, in particular silicon nitride, and one attached to it electrically conductive layer provided with electrical contacts or film, the carrier being plate-shaped and thus solid is that it acts as a heat sink.

Durch die hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Keramik ist der Wärmefluß durch die Kochplatten auf das zu erhitzende Gut besonders groß: Aufheizgeschwindigkeit, Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und die Energieausnutzung sind daher hier besonders vorteilhaft.Due to the high thermal conductivity of the ceramic, the heat flow through the Cooking plates on the material to be heated are particularly large: heating speed, The speed of reaction and the use of energy are therefore special here advantageous.

Andererseits ist es aufgrund der sehr hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Keramik nicht, wie im Falle von Kochgeräten mit Glaskeramikkochflächen möglich, eine einstückige Kochfläche zu benutzen, da dann die Wärme aus dem Heißbereich abfließen würde. Die Energieausnutzung würde in einem solchen Falle verschlechtert und die am Rahmen des Gerätes zulässigen Temperaturen würden überschritten werden. Es ist daher erforderlich, ein solches Heizelement als Kochzone mit einer sehr gut wärmeleitenden Keramik als Träger thermisch isoliert in eine Grundplatte einzufügen.On the other hand, it is due to the very high thermal conductivity of the ceramic not, as is possible in the case of cooking appliances with glass ceramic cooktops use one-piece cooking surface, because then the heat from the hot area would drain away. The energy utilization would deteriorate in such a case and the temperatures allowed on the frame of the device be crossed, be exceeded, be passed. It is therefore necessary to use such a heating element Cooking zone with a very good heat-conducting ceramic as a carrier thermally insulated to be inserted into a base plate.

Die hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit des keramischen Materials verhindert weiterhin die Ausbildung von Mehrkreiskochzonen mit an das Kochgeschirr angepaßten Durchmessern oder Bräterzonen mit unabhängig voneinander schalt- und steuerbaren Zonen, wie sie bei Glaskeramikkochflächen bereits seit Jahren bekannt und allgemein mit Nutzen im Gebrauch sind. Benachbarte Zonen würden sich hier nämlich gegenseitig miterhitzen.The high thermal conductivity of the ceramic material also prevents that Formation of multi-circuit cooking zones with those adapted to the cookware Diameters or roasting zones with independently switchable and controllable Zones that have been known for years with glass ceramic cooktops and are generally useful. Adjacent zones would because here they are heating each other up.

Kochgeräte, deren Kochzonen ausschließlich durch Keramikkochplatten mit sehr hoher Wärmeleitung gebildet werden, weisen somit trotz der genannten Vorteile gegenüber Kochgeräten mit Glaskeramikkochflächen oder -zonen eine ganze Reihe von Nachteilen auf.Cooking appliances whose cooking zones are made exclusively with ceramic hotplates very high heat conduction are formed, despite the above Advantages compared to cooking appliances with glass ceramic cooking surfaces or zones quite a number of disadvantages.

Diese Nachteile berücksichtigt das Deutsche Gebrauchsmuster 297 02 418.3, das ein Kochgerät mit Glaskeramikkochfläche mit mehreren Kochzonen zum Gegenstand hat, von denen wenigstens eine als Schnellkochzone ausgebildet ist, wobei die Kochzonen im wesentlichen mittels elektrisch betriebener Heizeinrichtungen beheizbar sind und die Schnellkochzone durch eine in die Glaskeramikkochfläche integrierte Keramikkochplatte gebildet wird, wobei die Keramikkochplatte aus Si3N4 oder SiC bestehen kann. Gemäß dieses Gebrauchsmusters ist die Keramikkochplatte entweder direkt in die Glaskeramikkochfläche eingefügt, oder mittels eines Silikonklebers in eine entsprechende Aussparung in der Glaskeramikkochfläche eingeklebt, oder die Keramikkochplatte ist in eine Platte aus thermisch isolierender Keramik, aus Metall oder vorgespanntem Glas eingefügt und diese wiederum in eine Aussparung der Glaskeramikkochfläche. These disadvantages are taken into account in German utility model 297 02 418.3, which relates to a cooking appliance with a glass ceramic cooking surface with a plurality of cooking zones, at least one of which is designed as a rapid cooking zone, the cooking zones being essentially heatable by means of electrically operated heating devices and the rapid cooking zone by an into the glass ceramic cooking surface Integrated ceramic hot plate is formed, wherein the ceramic hot plate can consist of Si 3 N 4 or SiC. According to this utility model, the ceramic hotplate is either inserted directly into the glass ceramic cooking surface, or glued into a corresponding recess in the glass ceramic cooking surface by means of a silicone adhesive, or the ceramic cooking plate is inserted into a plate made of thermally insulating ceramic, metal or tempered glass and this in turn is inserted into a recess the glass ceramic cooktop.

Alle diese Füge- und Klebeearten haben aber in der Praxis und im Langzeiteinsatz erhebliche Nachteile.
Keramikplatten besitzen eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Wärmeausdehnung. Da eine Kochplatte aus Keramik sich somit im Betrieb ausdehnt, dürfen bei Fügung beispielsweise mit spröden Materialien, wie Glaskeramik, Glas oder Keramik keine hohen Betriebstemperaturen auftreten. Alternativ kann mit einem dauerhaft elastischen Material geklebt werden. Aber auch diese dauerhaft elastischen Materialien sind nur bis ca. 300°C beständig. Weiterhin liegt die Abschreckfestigkeit der Keramikscheiben typisch bei etwa 300 K.However, all of these types of joining and gluing have considerable disadvantages in practice and in long-term use.
Ceramic plates have a thermal expansion that should not be neglected. Since a ceramic hotplate expands during operation, high operating temperatures must not occur when joining with brittle materials such as glass ceramic, glass or ceramic. Alternatively, it can be glued with a permanently elastic material. But even these permanently elastic materials are only stable up to approx. 300 ° C. Furthermore, the quench resistance of the ceramic discs is typically around 300 K.

Die Betriebstemperatur von solchen Keramikkochplatten ist daher auf etwa 250°C bis maximal 300°C beschränkt. Um die Keramikkochplatte aber bei diesen niedrigeren Temperaturen nutzen zu können, ist es notwendig, teure spezielle Töpfe mit einem sehr planen und ebenfalls sehr gut wärmeleitenden Boden zu verwenden.
Dem gegenüber werden bei handelsüblichen Geschirren aufgrund der fehlenden Planizität der Böden Kochzonentemperaturen bis zu 600°C benötigt, um das zu erhitzende Gut zügig zum Kochen zu bringen. Bei Kochgeräten mit Keramikkochplatten sind hierzu also zusätzlich spezielle Temperatursensoren und Regelvorrichtungen erforderlich.The operating temperature of such ceramic hot plates is therefore limited to about 250 ° C to a maximum of 300 ° C. However, in order to be able to use the ceramic hotplate at these lower temperatures, it is necessary to use expensive special pots with a very flat and also very good heat-conducting base.
On the other hand, in the case of commercially available tableware, cooking zone temperatures of up to 600 ° C are required due to the lack of planicity of the floors in order to quickly bring the food to be heated to a boil. In the case of cooking appliances with ceramic hot plates, special temperature sensors and regulating devices are therefore additionally required.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine Anordnung vorzustellen, bei der ein elektrisches Heizelement als Kochzone mit einer elektrisch isolierenden, aber sehr gut wärmeleitenden Keramik als Träger, in einer Aussparung eine Kochfläche aus Glaskeramik oder einer Fläche aus Glas oder Keramik, Metall oder Kunststoff ohne Verkleben integriert wird, wobei die Anordnung elektrisch sicher, hoch temperaturbeständig (400 bis 500 °C) und dicht gegen Eindringen von Flüssigkeiten in das Innere des Gerätes ist.The object of the present invention is therefore to present an arrangement in which an electric heating element as a cooking zone with an electrically insulating but very good heat-conducting ceramic as a carrier, in a recess Cooking surface made of glass ceramic or a surface made of glass or ceramic, metal or plastic is integrated without gluing, the arrangement being electrical safe, high temperature resistant (400 to 500 ° C) and tight against penetration of liquids inside the device.

Weiterhin ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung die jeweiligen, besonderen Eigenschaften der beteiligten Materialien bei dieser Anordnung zu berücksichtigen und eine deutlich höhere Betriebstemperatur der keramischen Heizelemente von bis zu 500 °C zu ermöglichen.Furthermore, it is an object of the invention the respective special properties of the materials involved in this arrangement and a significantly higher operating temperature of the ceramic heating elements from to to allow to 500 ° C.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß der keramische Träger des Heizelementes auf Bereichen der Fläche, die von der Hauptebene der plattenförmig ausgebildeten Fläche unter Ausbildung von kreislinienförmig, oval oder elliptisch verlaufenden Erhöhungen, wie Kreiskegelstümpfen, Kugelsegmenten und/oder Kreiskegeln abweichen und den Rand der Aussparung definieren, übergreifend aufliegt, wobei diese erhöhte Auflage des Heizelementes als Lager und die Unterseite der Fläche als Widerlager, für eine unter der Hauptebene der Fläche angeordnete, die Aussparung nach unten abschließende Abdeckung dient, und mittels mit dem Heizelement fest, und der Abdeckung lösbar fest verbundener Befestigungselemente das Heizelement in der Aussparung der Fläche form- und kraftschlüssig fixiert ist.This object is achieved in that the ceramic support of the heating element on areas of the area that are plate-shaped from the main plane trained surface with formation of circular lines, oval or elliptical extending elevations, such as truncated cones, spherical segments and / or Circular cones deviate and define the edge of the recess, across the board rests, this increased edition of the heating element as a bearing and the bottom the surface as an abutment, for one under the main plane of the surface arranged, the recess closing down serving serves, and by means of the heating element, and the cover releasably firmly connected Fasteners form and shape the heating element in the recess of the surface is non-positively fixed.

So wird nach der vorliegenden Erfindung die Halterung der keramischen Heizelemente durch eine einfache Klemmvorrichtung gewährleistet. Eine spezielle Abdichtung, die wiederum die Betriebstemperatur begrenzen würde, ist dabei nicht unbedingt erforderlich, da durch die spezielle Formgebung, in bevorzugter Ausführungsform kegelstumpf- oder kugelsegmentartige Ausbuchtungen, das Eindringen von Flüssigkeit zwischen keramischem Heizelement und Formkörper verhindert wird.So according to the present invention, the holder of the ceramic heating elements guaranteed by a simple clamping device. A special one Sealing, which in turn would limit the operating temperature, is included not absolutely necessary, because of the special shape, preferred Embodiment frustoconical or spherical segment-like bulges, the Liquid penetration between ceramic heating element and molded body is prevented.

In bevorzugter Ausführungsform handelt es bei dem Formkörper um eine vorgespannte Glas- oder Glaskeramik-Oberfläche, die rundumlaufend im Randbereich um das keramische Heizelement nach oben gebogen ist.In a preferred embodiment, the molded body is a prestressed one Glass or glass ceramic surface, all around in the edge area is bent upwards around the ceramic heating element.

In einer Ausführungsform ist die, die Aussparung in der Fläche nach unten abschließende und unter der Hauptebene der Fläche angeordnete Abdeckung durch geeignete Formgebung einteilig aus der Fläche selbst ausgebildet. In einer anderen Ausführungsform ist diese Abdeckung als separates Teil, insbesondere aus Metall oder Kunststoff, ausgebildet.In one embodiment, the cutout is the bottom of the recess and cover located under the major plane of the surface formed in one piece from the surface itself by suitable shaping. In a Another embodiment, this cover is a separate part, in particular made of metal or plastic.

Die Abdeckung verfügt dabei entweder über Öffnungen, insbesondere über Rastaufnahmen, mittels derer die mit dem Heizelement fest verbundenen Befestigungselemente, insbesondere mittels Rastnasen von Schnapphaken, rastend, lösbar fest verbindbar sind.The cover either has openings, in particular Snap-in recordings, by means of which the fastening elements firmly connected to the heating element, in particular by means of latches of snap hooks, latching, are releasably firmly connected.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, daß die Abdeckung über mindestens eine Öffnung verfügt, mittels derer das/die mit dem Heizelement fest verbundenen Befestigungselement/e, insbesondere mittels einer Schraubenmutter und einem Schraubenbolzen als Befestigungselement, lösbar fest verbindbar ist/sind.Another possibility is that the cover has at least one Opening, by means of which the / the fixed to the heating element Fastening element / s, in particular by means of a screw nut and a Bolt as fastener, is / are releasably securely connected.

Auch eine Kombination von Rast- und Schraubverbindungen kann bei bestimmten Anordnungen mit Erfolg vorgesehen werden. Dabei wird die feste Verbindung des Befestigungselementes mit dem Heizelement vorzugsweise mittels einer Hartlot-Verbindung erreicht. A combination of snap and screw connections can also be used for certain Orders are provided with success. The fixed connection of the fastening element with the heating element, preferably by means of a Braze joint reached.

Um Beschädigungen und eine nicht wünschenswerte Wärmeableitung auf die Fläche und die Abdeckung zu vermeiden, ist im Kontaktbereich zwischen dem keramischen Träger des Heizelementes und der Fläche und/oder der Abdekkung ein weiterer Werkstoff, insbesondere auch als Dichtung angeordnet.To damage and an undesirable heat dissipation on the Avoid area and cover is in the contact area between the ceramic support of the heating element and the surface and / or the covering another material, in particular also arranged as a seal.

Hierfür werden bevorzugt Graphit enthaltende und/oder keramische Faserwerkstoffe eingesetzt.For this, graphite-containing and / or ceramic fiber materials are preferred used.

In sehr bevorzugter Anordnung enthält der Raum zwischen der Unterseite des keramischen Trägers des Heizelementes und der Oberseite der die Aussparung nach unten abschließenden Abdeckung wärmedämmende und/oder elektrisch isolierende Werkstoffe, wobei in diesem Raum auch vorteilhafterweise Heizleiter, elektr. Zuleitungen, Kabelzugentlastungen und Kabeldurchführungen angeordnet sind.In a very preferred arrangement, the space between the bottom of the ceramic support of the heating element and the top of the recess downward-closing cover heat-insulating and / or electrical insulating materials, in this room also advantageously heating conductors, elec. Supply lines, cable strain reliefs and cable bushings arranged are.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
Die Anordnung eines Kochfeldes, schematisch, in Aufsicht
Fig. 2
Die bisher übliche Einbauanordnung, im Schnitt (nach dem Stand der Technik)
Fig. 3
Eine Anordnungsmöglichkeit gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, im Schnitt
Fig. 4
Eine weitere mögliche Anordnung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, im Schnitt
Fig. 5
Eine weitere Variante der Anordnung gemäß der Erfindung
Show it:
Fig. 1
The arrangement of a hob, schematically, in supervision
Fig. 2
The previous installation arrangement, on average (according to the state of the art)
Fig. 3
An arrangement possibility according to the present invention, in section
Fig. 4
Another possible arrangement according to the present invention, in section
Fig. 5
Another variant of the arrangement according to the invention

Figur 1 zeigt schematisch in Aufsicht die Anordnung eines Kochfeldes 1 mit einem Formkörper 2 als Kochfläche aus Glaskeramik und den darin integrierten keramischen Heizelementen 3. Der Formkörper kann aber als Fläche auch aus einem metallischen Werkstoff oder aus einem speziellen temperaturbeständigen Kunststoff, z. B. aus duroplasitschem Material (z. B. UP oder MF) oder thermoplastischem Material (z. B: PEI, PPS, PES, PPA, PET, PBT) bestehen.Figure 1 shows schematically in supervision the arrangement of a hob 1 with a Shaped body 2 as a cooking surface made of glass ceramic and the integrated therein ceramic heating elements 3. The shaped body can also be made as a surface a metallic material or a special temperature-resistant Plastic, e.g. B. made of duroplastic material (z. B. UP or MF) or thermoplastic Material (e.g. PEI, PPS, PES, PPA, PET, PBT).

Die keramischen Heizelemente 3 bestehen üblicherweise aus Siliziumnitrid, Si3N4, Siliziumcarbid, SiC, seltener aus Aluminiumoxid, Al2O3, oder Aluminiumnitrid, AIN, oder entsprechenden Mischkeramiken auf die Heizleiter 4 aufgebracht sind, die elektrisch mit entsprechenden Zuleitungen 12 verbunden sind. The ceramic heating elements 3 usually consist of silicon nitride, Si 3 N 4, silicon carbide, SiC, more rarely aluminum oxide, Al 2 O 3 , or aluminum nitride, AIN, or corresponding mixed ceramics are applied to the heating conductors 4, which are electrically connected to corresponding supply lines 12 ,

Figur 2 zeigt die bisher übliche Einbausituation im Schnitt, bei der die keramischen Heizelemente 3 mittels Silikon 13 in den sie umgebenden Formkörper, in der Regel eine vorgespannte Glas- oder Glaskeramik-Fläche eingeklebt sind. Der Silikonkleber 13 begrenzt derzeit die Betriebstemperatur auf max. 250 °C. Andere Kleber kommen aufgrund ihrer ungenügenden dauerelastischen Eigenschaften nicht zum Einsatz. Die oft unterschiedlichen Wärmedehnung der beteiligten Materialien, auf der einen Seite beispielsweise Glaskeramik, z. B. CERAN® (α < 0,2 . 10-6/K) und auf der anderen Seite Si3N4 (α ~ 3,5 . 10-6/K) verhindern den Einsatz keramischer Klebemassen.FIG. 2 shows the usual installation situation in section, in which the ceramic heating elements 3 are glued into the molded body, usually a prestressed glass or glass ceramic surface, by means of silicone 13. The silicone adhesive 13 currently limits the operating temperature to max. 250 ° C. Other adhesives are not used due to their insufficient permanent elastic properties. The often different thermal expansion of the materials involved, on the one hand, for example, glass ceramic, for. B. CERAN® (α <0.2. 10 -6 / K) and on the other hand Si 3 N 4 (α ~ 3.5. 10 -6 / K) prevent the use of ceramic adhesives.

Figur 3 zeigt im Schnitt eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeit gemäß der Erfindung. Das keramische Heizelement 3 mit den aufgedruckten Heizleitern 4 übergreift dabei den umlaufend nach oben gebogenen Randbereich 2a der Glas- oder Glaskeramik-Kochfläche 2. Mittels einer oder mehrerer Hartlotverbindungen 7 ist in diesem Beispiel ein Schraubbolzen 8 an dem keramischen Heizelement angebracht, der durch eine Öffnung eines tellerförmigen Blechoder Kunststoffteils 5 hindurchragt. Die tellerförmige Abdeckung 5 wird mittels einer U-Scheibe 10 und einer Schraubmutter 11 gehalten. Eine weitere Scheibe aus Wärmedämmstoff 9, beispielsweise Fiberfrax® o. ä., verhindert eine allzu große Wärmeübertragung auf die Abdeckung 5, was insbesondere von Bedeutung ist, wenn die Abdeckung 5 aus Kunststoff, beispielsweise aus den gleichen Kunststoffen, aus der die Kochfläche als Formkörper 2 gefertigt werden kann, hergestellt ist.Figure 3 shows in section a preferred embodiment according to the Invention. The ceramic heating element 3 with the printed heating conductors 4 overlaps the circumferentially upwardly curved edge region 2a of FIG Glass or glass ceramic hob 2. Using one or more braze joints In this example, 7 is a screw bolt 8 on the ceramic Heating element attached through an opening of a plate-shaped plate or Plastic part 5 protrudes. The plate-shaped cover 5 is by means of a washer 10 and a nut 11 held. Another disc from thermal insulation material 9, for example Fiberfrax® or the like, prevents one too large heat transfer to the cover 5, which is particularly important is when the cover 5 is made of plastic, for example the same Plastics from which the cooking surface can be produced as molded body 2, is made.

Falls die Abdeckung 5 aus Kunststoff gefertigt ist, bietet dies den Vorteil, daß Kabel-Zugentlastungen 5a sowie Kabeldurchführungen 5b bereits im Herstellprozeß angeformt werden können. Für den Fall, daß die Abdeckung 5 aus Metall gefertigt ist, ist im Kontaktbereich 5d eine Zwischenlage erforderlich, um nicht die Unterseite zu beschädigen, falls der Formkörper 2 aus sprödbrüchigen Materialien, wie Glas, Glaskeramik oder Keramik, gefertigt ist. Die Zwischenlage 6, beipsielsweise aus graphitenthaltenden Werkstoffen und/oder aus keramischen Faserwerkstoffen, dient zusätzlich der Wärmedämmung oder als Dichtung, ist aber aufgrund der Formgebung des Körpers 2 und für den Fall, daß der Formkörper 2 aus hitzebeständigem Glas oder aus hitzebeständiger Glaskeramik (Beispiele: vorgespanntes Borosilikatglas; CERAN® oder ROBAX®) gefertigt ist, nicht erforderlich.If the cover 5 is made of plastic, this offers the advantage that Cable strain relief 5a and cable bushings 5b already in the manufacturing process can be molded. In the event that the cover 5 made of metal is made, an intermediate layer is required in the contact area 5d not to damage the underside if the molded body 2 is brittle Materials such as glass, glass ceramics or ceramics is made. The liner 6, for example from graphite-containing materials and / or from ceramic Fiber materials, also serves as thermal insulation or as a seal, but is due to the shape of the body 2 and in the event that the Shaped body 2 made of heat-resistant glass or heat-resistant glass ceramic (Examples: tempered borosilicate glass; CERAN® or ROBAX®) not necessary.

Zwischen Heizelement 3 und Abdeckung 5 ist der Hohlraum mittels eines Isolierwerkstoffes 14 ausgekleidet. The cavity is between the heating element 3 and cover 5 by means of an insulating material 14 lined.

Figur 4 zeigt ein weiteres Beispiel einer derartigen Anordnung, bei der das keramische Heizelement 3 mit den Heizleitern 4 direkt auf dem Rand des Formkörpers 2 aus hitzebeständigem Glas oder Glaskeramik aufliegt. Die Verbindung zur Abdeckung 5 ist in diesem Fall mittels eines oder mehrerer Schnapphaken 15 aus Federstahl ausgeführt, die mittels einer Hartlotverbindung 7 an der Unterseite am keramischen Heizelement befestigt sind. Die Rastnase 15a ragt dabei durch die korrespondierende Öffnung 5c, wodurch eine, gegenüber dem Stand der Technik, sehr kostengünstige Montage erfolgt.Figure 4 shows another example of such an arrangement, in which the ceramic Heating element 3 with the heating conductors 4 directly on the edge of the molded body 2 is made of heat-resistant glass or glass ceramic. The connection to cover 5 is in this case by means of one or more snap hooks 15 made of spring steel, using a hard solder connection 7 on the underside are attached to the ceramic heating element. The latch 15a protrudes through the corresponding opening 5c, whereby one, opposite the State of the art, very inexpensive installation.

Fig.5 zeigt eine weitere Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeit, bei der der Formkörper 2 aus Kunststoff gefertigt ist und ebenfalls eine rundumlaufende Ausbuchtung 2b an seiner Oberseite besitzt, auf der das Heizelement 3 aufliegt. Die im Schnitt spitz zulaufende Auflage verhindert eine allzu gute Wärmeleitung. Zusätzliche Isolierstoffe, z. B. graphithaltige Schichtwerkstoffe und/oder keramische Faserwerkstoffe setzen die Kontakttemperatur für den Kunststoff weiter herunter. Besonders vorteilhaft ist hierbei, daß die keramischen Heizelemente 3 mit ihren Rasthaken 15 in direkt dafür ausgeformten Trägerplatten 2 als Formkörper eingesetzt werden können. Aufgrund der Herstellprozesse, üblicherweise Spritzgießen oder Heißpressen, können derartige Trägerplatten 2 bereits mit Verstärkungsrippen 2c, Bodenteil 2d, Kabelöffnungen 2e und Rastaufnahmen 2f in einem Schritt hergestellt werden.5 shows a further configuration option in which the molded body 2 is made of plastic and also a circumferential bulge 2b has on its top, on which the heating element 3 rests. The average tapered pad prevents too good heat conduction. additional Insulating materials, e.g. B. graphite-containing layer materials and / or ceramic fiber materials further lower the contact temperature for the plastic. Especially It is advantageous here that the ceramic heating elements 3 with their Latching hooks 15 are used as shaped bodies in directly formed carrier plates 2 can be. Due to the manufacturing processes, usually injection molding or hot pressing, such carrier plates 2 can already have reinforcing ribs 2c, bottom part 2d, cable openings 2e and locking receptacles 2f in one Step.

Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung wird eine einfache und preiswerte Möglichkeit aufgezeigt, um keramische Heizelemente in Aussparungen in Formkörper aus Sprödwerkstoffen, wie Glas, Glaskeramik, Keramik oder aus metallischen Werkstoffen oder Kunststoffe zu integrieren und zu montieren. Folgende Vorteile sind damit verbunden:

  • Eine Optimale Anpassung an die beteiligten Werkstoffe wird gewährleistet.
  • Eine Dichtwirkung auch bei sehr unterschiedlichen Materialien ist möglich.
  • Eine erhöhte Gebrauchstemperatur, über die bisher üblichen 250 °C wird möglich
       (→ 400 °C) wodurch auch durchschnittliche Geschirrqualität nutzbar ist.
  • Im Servicefall ist eine einfache Demontage / Montage möglich.
  • Einfaches Recycling durch sortenreine Trennung.
With the present invention, a simple and inexpensive possibility is shown for integrating and assembling ceramic heating elements in recesses in shaped bodies made of brittle materials, such as glass, glass ceramic, ceramic or of metallic materials or plastics. This has the following advantages:
  • An optimal adaptation to the materials involved is guaranteed.
  • A sealing effect is possible even with very different materials.
  • An increased operating temperature, above the usual 250 ° C is possible
    (→ 400 ° C) which means that average tableware quality can also be used.
  • In the event of service, simple disassembly / assembly is possible.
  • Easy recycling through sorting.

Claims (11)

  1. Electric heating element as a cooking plate with a ceramic of very good thermal conductivity as support, in a recess in a surface made from glass-ceramic, glass, ceramic, metal or plastic, characterized in that the ceramic support of the heating element rests in such a manner that it engages over regions of the surface which deviate from the main plane of the surface, which is designed in plate-like form, so as to form linear elevations, such as truncated cones, segments of a sphere and/or cones and define the edge of the recess, this elevated resting position of the heating element serving as a bearing and the underside of the surface serving as a counterpoint bearing for a cover, which is arranged beneath the main plane of the surface and closes off the recess at the bottom, and the heating element being fixed in a positively and non-positively locking manner in the recess in the surface by means of securing elements which are fixedly connected to the heating element and releasably connected to the cover.
  2. Heating element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the linear elevations are formed in the shape of a circle or oval or ellipse, in particular as truncated circular cones and/or circular cones.
  3. Heating element according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the cover, which closes off the recess in the surface at the bottom and is arranged beneath the main plane of the surface, is formed integrally from the hob itself by means of suitable shaping.
  4. Heating element according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the cover, which closes off the recess in the surface at the bottom and is arranged beneath the main plane of the surface, is formed as a separate part, in particular made from metal or plastic.
  5. Heating element according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the cover has openings, in particular latching receptacles, by means of which the securing elements, which are fixedly connected to the heating element, can be connected fixedly but releasably, in a latching fashion, in particular by means of latching lugs of snap-action hooks.
  6. Heating element according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the cover has at least one opening, by means of which the securing element(s), which is/are fixedly connected to the heating element, can be fixedly but releasably connected, in particular by means of a threaded nut and a threaded bolt as securing element.
  7. Heating element according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the fixed connection of the securing element to the heating element is a brazed joint.
  8. Heating element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a further material is arranged in the contact region between the ceramic support of the heating element and the surface and/or the cover, in particular as a seal.
  9. Heating element according to Claim 8, characterized in that the seals consist of a graphite-containing and/or ceramic fibre material.
  10. Heating element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space between the underside of the ceramic support of the heating element and the top side of the cover which closes off the recess at the bottom contains thermally insulating and/or electrically insulating materials.
  11. Heating element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that heating conductors, electrical feed lines, cable strain relief elements and cable lead-throughs are arranged in the space between the underside of the ceramic support and the top side of the cover.
EP98119600A 1997-10-23 1998-10-16 Ceramic heating element as a cooking plate in a recess of a plane surface Expired - Lifetime EP0916899B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19746845 1997-10-23
DE19746845A DE19746845C1 (en) 1997-10-23 1997-10-23 Ceramic heating element for electric cooking hob

Publications (3)

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EP0916899A2 EP0916899A2 (en) 1999-05-19
EP0916899A3 EP0916899A3 (en) 1999-07-21
EP0916899B1 true EP0916899B1 (en) 2003-06-04

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US (1) US6050176A (en)
EP (1) EP0916899B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11218333A (en)
BR (1) BR9804042A (en)
CA (1) CA2251242A1 (en)
DE (2) DE19746845C1 (en)
PL (1) PL329306A1 (en)

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CA2251242A1 (en) 1999-04-23
EP0916899A2 (en) 1999-05-19
US6050176A (en) 2000-04-18
DE59808609D1 (en) 2003-07-10
PL329306A1 (en) 1999-04-26
DE19746845C1 (en) 1998-12-03
JPH11218333A (en) 1999-08-10
EP0916899A3 (en) 1999-07-21
BR9804042A (en) 1999-12-14

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