EP0911517B1 - Swash plate type compressor - Google Patents

Swash plate type compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0911517B1
EP0911517B1 EP19980111450 EP98111450A EP0911517B1 EP 0911517 B1 EP0911517 B1 EP 0911517B1 EP 19980111450 EP19980111450 EP 19980111450 EP 98111450 A EP98111450 A EP 98111450A EP 0911517 B1 EP0911517 B1 EP 0911517B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
swash plate
layer
shoes
plating layer
sliding contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19980111450
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0911517A3 (en
EP0911517A2 (en
Inventor
Hayato Ikeda
Masafumi Kato
Takayuki Kato
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Industries Corp
Original Assignee
Toyota Industries Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP29196097A external-priority patent/JP3463540B2/ja
Application filed by Toyota Industries Corp filed Critical Toyota Industries Corp
Publication of EP0911517A2 publication Critical patent/EP0911517A2/en
Publication of EP0911517A3 publication Critical patent/EP0911517A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0911517B1 publication Critical patent/EP0911517B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
    • F04B27/1054—Actuating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0878—Pistons
    • F04B27/0886—Piston shoes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0469—Other heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0493—Tin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/06—Silicon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0856—Sulfides
    • F05C2203/086—Sulfides of molybdenum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/12—Coating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a swash plate type compressor enabling an improved lubrication performance of the sliding contact surfaces of a swash plate and a shoe of the compressor.
  • swash plate type compressors have been used as an apparatus for compressing refrigerant gas in automotive climate control systems.
  • Such swash plate type compressors are equipped with a cylinder block assembly which has a plurality of cylinder bores provided parallel to a drive shaft; a swash plate secured to the drive shaft so as to be rotated by the drive shaft in the cylinder block assembly; pistons slidably fitted to reciprocate in the cylinder bores to compress the refrigerant gas; and shoes which are provided between the pistons and the swash plate which reciprocate the pistons in response to the rotation of the swash plate.
  • At least the swash plate or the shoes employ aluminum or an aluminum alloy as the base metal with the sliding contact surface thereof coated with an alloy which contains molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as the main component.
  • MoS2 molybdenum disulfide
  • Another solution has been proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2-130272, in which the surface of the swash plate is plated with an alloy, in which tin is the main component, to form a surface treating layer.
  • the solid lubricant layer containing molybdenum disulfide as the main component, exhibits good lubricating performance, it has such shortcomings as poor wear resistance and a short service life.
  • the latter solution provides a high degree of hardness and accordingly good wear resistance; however, it is disadvantageous in that the lubricating performance is not as high as that of the former solution.
  • Document US 5 056 417 D1 discloses a swash plate made of aluminum alloy and having a contact surface of aluminum alloy. According to this document, the surface shall be covered by a plating layer composed of an alloy containing tin as the main component. As a further component, the group of copper, nickel, zink, lead and indium is mentioned to achieve a sufficient protection of the aluminum surface of the swash plate. Thus, the disclosure of this document is very similar to the disclosure of the already discussed document JP 2-130272.
  • the document JP 8199327 discloses the swash plate of a compressor made of aluminum / steel which is thermally sprayed with copper / aluminum wherein this copper / aluminum layer is further covered by a coating layer containing MoS 2 as main component.
  • This coating layer serves as a solid lubricant layer.
  • the document discloses a design having two layers wherein, to improve the lubrication between the swash plate and the shoes, an outer layer containing MoS 2 is used.
  • the disclosure of this document is similar to that one of the document JP 60-22080.
  • the present invention has been made with a view toward solving the problems with the prior art described above, and it is an object of the invention to improve the lubricating performance of the sliding contact surfaces of a swash plate and a shoe and to maintain the improved lubricating performance for a long period of time.
  • a swash plate type compressor equipped with: a cylinder block assembly which has a plurality of cylinder bores provided parallel to a drive shaft; the drive shaft rotatably held in the cylinder block assembly; a swash plate which is rotatably disposed to the drive shaft in the cylinder block assembly; pistons slidably disposed in the cylinder bores; and shoes which are slidably provided between the pistons and the swash plate, which reciprocate the pistons in response to the rotation of the swash plate; wherein the swash plate and the shoes are in sliding contact, a sliding contact surface of the swish plate or the shoes being covered with a plating layer composed of tin or an alloy containing tin as the main component, and the plating layer being covered with a coating layer composed of molybdenum disulfide as the main component which surves as a solid lubricant layer.
  • the plating layer composed of tin or an alloy containing tin as the main component refers to an alloy plating layer in which the weight of tin is the greatest among the other alloy components.
  • the coating layer composed of molybdenum disulfide as the main component refers to an alloy coating layer in which the weight of molybdenum disulfide is the greatest among the contained components, except for a binder.
  • the coating layer which serves as solid lubricant layer, is formed on the surface of the swash plate on the shoes which make sliding contact, so that good lubricating performance can be achieved.
  • the coating layer has the shortcoming of poor wear resistance; hence, it is possible that the coating layer may wear or peel after an extended period of use because of the high sliding contact load applied when the pistons reach their top dead centers.
  • the plating layer is applied under the coating layer; the plating layer exhibits high wear resistance, and the plating layer and the molybdenum disulfide in the coating layer have good affinity. Further, the sliding contact surfaces of the swash plate and the shoes are periodically subjected to high and low sliding contact load.
  • the coating layer mainly composed of molybdenum disulfide on the plating layer composed of tin or the alloy, which contains tin as the main component improves its adhesion to the base metal.
  • the coating layer also has a self-repairing function. This enables long lasting high lubricating performance.
  • the swash plate is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the sliding contact surface of the swash plate is provided with the plating layer as a surface treating layer.
  • the aforesaid surface of the swash plate is arranged so that primary crystal silicon particles are exposed.
  • the plating layer composed of tin or an alloy containing tin as the main component is provided as the surface treating layer on the exposed surface of the swash plate.
  • the coating layer on the plating layer contains graphite as an additional component.
  • the coating layer provides better lubrication between the surface of the swash plate and the shoes than a coating layer which, excepting for a binder, is composed only of molybdenum disulfide.
  • a swash plate type compressor having double-headed pistons which is an embodiment of the present invention will now be described in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 1 is a general sectional view showing the swash plate type compressor having double-headed pistons according to the embodiment.
  • a drive shaft 5 is rotatably journaled via bearings 6, 7 in a cylinder block assembly 4.
  • a swash plate 8 is connected and secured to the drive shaft 5, and thrust bearings 9 are disposed at the front and rear of the swash plate 8.
  • the cylinder block assembly 4 is provided with five cylinder bores 10 normally formed at equal intervals of 72 degrees; double-headed pistons 11 are axially slidably fitted in the respective cylinder bores 10.
  • the front end opening of the cylinder block assembly 4 is closed by a valve plate 12 and a front housing 13, and the rear end opening thereof is closed by a valve plate 14 and a rear housing 15.
  • a recessed section 11a for receiving the outer periphery of the swash plate 8 is formed at the center of each double-headed piston 11; sockets 11b are formed on the axially opposed surfaces of each recessed section 11a.
  • Hemispherical shoes 16 are in sliding contact with the sliding contact surface of the swash plate 8 so that the double-headed pistons 11 are reciprocated as the swash plate 8 rotates.
  • This construction is basically the same as that of a typical conventional swash plate type compressor having double-headed pistons.
  • the shoes employ a ferrous metal such as stainless steel as a base metal.
  • the swash plate 8 employs aluminum or an aluminum alloy as a base metal; for example, an Al-Si-Cu-Mg type alloy or an aluminum alloy which does not contain Si may be used as a base metal. It is preferable, however, to use an Al-Zr alloy which contains primary crystal silicon in the form of hard coarse particles; Al-Zr alloy features a high content of silicon, namely, about 13 to about 30 percent by weight, which is higher than that of a eutectic composition, and has primary crystal silicon in its matrix.
  • a sliding contact surface 18 of the swash plate 8 which is in sliding contact with the shoes 16 is configured as described below.
  • the swash plate 8 is formed so that a plating layer 21 composed of tin or an alloy containing tin as the main component is formed as a surface treating layer on the surface of a swash plate main body 20 which employs, as the base metal thereof, an Al-Zr alloy containing 17 percent by weight of silicon, and a coating layer 22 mainly composed of molybdenum disulfide is formed as a solid lubricant layer on the plating layer 21.
  • the coating layer 22 contains graphite as an additional component to improve lubricating performance.
  • the surface of the swash plate 8 is polished for finish, and primary crystal silicon particles 20a scattered in the base metal of the swash plate main body 20 are arranged so that they project from the surface and are exposed, then a publicly known tinning process is performed. This further improves the adhesion between the plating layer 21 and the swash plate main body 20.
  • the plating layer 21 is comprised of tin and a metal selected from among zinc, lead, and indium; hence, the plating layer 21 enables the frictional coefficient to be kept low and permits higher hardness than a plating layer composed only of tin, thus leading to high wear resistance.
  • the sliding contact surfaces of the swash plate 8 and the shoes 16 are subjected to maximum sliding contact load when the pistons 11 are at their top dead centers, while they are subjected to minimum sliding contact load when the pistons 11 are at their bottom dead centers.
  • the wear resistance of the coating layer 22 deteriorates and the coating layer 22 wears or peels when the pistons 11 are at the top dead centers, and this causes the plating layer 21 to be exposed on the surface.
  • the adhesion of the plating layer 21 with the base metal is stronger than that of the coating layer, and the plating layer 21 has higher hardness and higher wear resistance; therefore, the plating layer 21 does not wear or peel.
  • the coating layer 22 exhibits good affinity for the plating layer 21.
  • the shoes 16 are disposed at equal intervals, e.g. at 72-degree intervals in this embodiment, along the circumference around the axis of the drive shaft 5; hence, the sliding contact load does not act on the sliding contact surface when moving between the shoes 16.
  • the coating layer composed primarily of molybdenum disulfide is melted by residual frictional heat and flows to a worn or peeled portion of the coating layer 22 to re-cover the exposed plating layer 21 thereby repairing the coating layer 22.
  • Fig. 3 shows the comparison in lubricating performance between a coating A in which an alloy coating layer employing molybdenum disulfide as the chief component is formed directly on the surface of a base metal, e.g. a proposal disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 60-22080, a coating B in which an alloy plating layer employing tin as the chief component is formed directly on the surface of a base metal, e.g. a proposal disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2-130272, and a coating C which is according to the present invention.
  • coating A high lubricating performance is observed at the beginning, but afterward the performance suddenly deteriorates due to the occurrence of wearing or peeling because of poor wear resistance.
  • coating B no marked change is observed in lubricating performance after an extended period of time since coating B has good adhesion to the base metal and provides high wear resistance; however, coating B per se does not have very good lubricating performance.
  • coating C according to the embodiment indicated by the chain line in Fig. 3, provides high lubricating performance imparted by the coating layer 22 since the coating layer 22 develops no wearing or peeling in the early stage of use. When coating C starts to wear or peel during an extended period of use, it shows slight deterioration in lubricating performance; however, the repairing action of the coating layer 22 described above makes it possible to maintain high lubricating performance for a long time afterward.
  • the foregoing plating layer 21 and the coating layer 22 may be formed on the sliding contact surfaces of the shoes 16 rather than on the surface of the swash plate main body 20.
  • the sliding contact surfaces of the shoes 16 are constantly subjected to a sliding contact load; however, since the pistons 11 make one round trip between the top dead center and the bottom dead center when the swash plate 8 makes one turn, the sliding contact load constantly changes, allowing the repairing function of the coating layer 22 to be implemented when the sliding contact load is low.
  • the swash plate 8 is formed using aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the shoes 16 are fabricated using stainless steel or an other ferrous metal. Accordingly, forming the plating layer 21 and the coating layer 22 on the surface of the swash plate 8 provides good adhesion between the plating layer 21 and the base metal which is superior to that between the plating layer and the shoes 16 made of steel or other ferrous metal. This provides high wear resistance and makes it possible to maintain high lubricating performance for longer period of time.
  • the plating layer 21 and the coating layer 22 have been formed on the entire surface of the swash plate main body 20; however, the plating layer 21 and the coating layer 22 may be formed on the entire surfaces of the shoes 16 as described above, or they may be formed partially on the sliding contact surface of the swash plate 8 or the shoes 16.
  • a swash plate type compressor that provides long lasting high lubricating performance to the sliding contact surfaces of a swash plate and shoes.
  • the surface of the swash plate or the shoes on which the swash plate comes in sliding contact with the shoes is provided with an alloy plating layer, in which tin is the main component, as a surface treating layer.
  • An coating layer, in which molybdenum disulfide is the main component, is formed as a solid lubricant layer on the foregoing plating layer.
  • the swash plate is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and its surface is provided with the plating layer and the coating layer. More preferably, the coating layer contains graphite.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
EP19980111450 1997-10-24 1998-06-22 Swash plate type compressor Expired - Lifetime EP0911517B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29196097 1997-10-24
JP29196097A JP3463540B2 (ja) 1996-11-21 1997-10-24 斜板式圧縮機
JP291960/97 1997-10-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0911517A2 EP0911517A2 (en) 1999-04-28
EP0911517A3 EP0911517A3 (en) 1999-07-28
EP0911517B1 true EP0911517B1 (en) 2004-09-01

Family

ID=17775699

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19980111450 Expired - Lifetime EP0911517B1 (en) 1997-10-24 1998-06-22 Swash plate type compressor

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0911517B1 (pt)
BR (1) BR9806537A (pt)
DE (1) DE69825951T2 (pt)
ID (1) ID21131A (pt)
MY (1) MY122065A (pt)
SG (1) SG78305A1 (pt)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001041150A (ja) 1999-07-27 2001-02-13 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd 機械部品における皮膜形成方法
JP2001263226A (ja) * 2000-03-17 2001-09-26 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd 斜板式圧縮機に用いられる斜板
JP2002089437A (ja) 2000-09-13 2002-03-27 Toyota Industries Corp 圧縮機における潤滑用皮膜形成対象部品
JP2002317759A (ja) * 2001-04-25 2002-10-31 Toyota Industries Corp 斜板式圧縮機用シューおよびそれが配設された斜板式圧縮機
US6543333B2 (en) 2001-06-01 2003-04-08 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Enriched cobalt-tin swashplate coating alloy
DE102004057367A1 (de) * 2004-11-27 2006-06-01 Zexel Valeo Compressor Europe Gmbh Axialkolbenverdichter
JP5033432B2 (ja) * 2007-01-30 2012-09-26 株式会社豊田自動織機 摺動部品

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4568252A (en) * 1980-03-07 1986-02-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Swash-plate type compressor
JPH0697033B2 (ja) 1988-11-11 1994-11-30 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 斜板式圧縮機
JP2817467B2 (ja) * 1991-09-12 1998-10-30 株式会社日立製作所 ボールジョイントを用いた伝動機構及びそれを用いた圧縮機
JPH0622080A (ja) 1992-06-30 1994-01-28 Ricoh Co Ltd 原稿読取装置
JPH07293468A (ja) * 1994-04-28 1995-11-07 Toshiba Corp 密閉形コンプレッサ
JP3642077B2 (ja) * 1995-01-27 2005-04-27 大豊工業株式会社 斜板式コンプレッサーの斜板
JP3463540B2 (ja) * 1996-11-21 2003-11-05 株式会社豊田自動織機 斜板式圧縮機

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69825951T2 (de) 2005-09-15
SG78305A1 (en) 2001-02-20
DE69825951D1 (de) 2004-10-07
EP0911517A3 (en) 1999-07-28
EP0911517A2 (en) 1999-04-28
ID21131A (id) 1999-04-29
MY122065A (en) 2006-03-31
BR9806537A (pt) 2001-09-18

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